Pub Date : 2024-12-06DOI: 10.1038/s41561-024-01616-w
Cores recovered from below the seafloor provide clues to open questions in Earth science. A looming gap in international ocean drilling requires renewed support and urgent action.
{"title":"Choppy seas for deep ocean drilling","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s41561-024-01616-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-024-01616-w","url":null,"abstract":"Cores recovered from below the seafloor provide clues to open questions in Earth science. A looming gap in international ocean drilling requires renewed support and urgent action.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"17 12","pages":"1183-1183"},"PeriodicalIF":15.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-024-01616-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142783126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-06DOI: 10.1038/s41561-024-01605-z
Dustin T. Harper, Adriane R. Lam, Donald Penman, Joost Frieling, Natalia Varela, Sayantani Chatterjee
{"title":"The value of scientific ocean drilling for early career researchers","authors":"Dustin T. Harper, Adriane R. Lam, Donald Penman, Joost Frieling, Natalia Varela, Sayantani Chatterjee","doi":"10.1038/s41561-024-01605-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-024-01605-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"17 12","pages":"1184-1184"},"PeriodicalIF":15.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142783129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-06DOI: 10.1038/s41561-024-01603-1
Jonathan Obrist-Farner, Lesleigh Anderson, Paul Baker, Melissa A. Berke, Emily J. Beverly, Julie Brigham-Grette, Erik Brown, Isla S. Castañeda, Alan L. Deino, Sherilyn C. Fritz, Steven L. Goldstein, Natalie M. Kehrwald, Matthew Kirby, Kenneth G. Miller, Paul Olsen, Lisa Park Boush, Marci M. Robinson, James Russell, Gerilyn S. Soreghan
{"title":"The palaeoclimate potential of continental scientific drilling","authors":"Jonathan Obrist-Farner, Lesleigh Anderson, Paul Baker, Melissa A. Berke, Emily J. Beverly, Julie Brigham-Grette, Erik Brown, Isla S. Castañeda, Alan L. Deino, Sherilyn C. Fritz, Steven L. Goldstein, Natalie M. Kehrwald, Matthew Kirby, Kenneth G. Miller, Paul Olsen, Lisa Park Boush, Marci M. Robinson, James Russell, Gerilyn S. Soreghan","doi":"10.1038/s41561-024-01603-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-024-01603-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"17 12","pages":"1187-1188"},"PeriodicalIF":15.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142783125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-06DOI: 10.1038/s41561-024-01594-z
Laura L. Lapham, Karen G. Lloyd, Henrik Fossing, Sabine Flury, Jørn Bo Jensen, Marc J. Alperin, Gregor Rehder, Wanda Holzhueter, Timothy Ferdelman, Bo Barker Jørgensen
Anaerobic oxidation of methane at the sulfate–methane transition in marine sediments is generally considered to be a near-perfect barrier against methane release from the seabed, but the mechanisms involved are not well understood. On the basis of a survey of Baltic Sea sediments we show that a highly variable amount (0–100%) of subseafloor methane leaks through the sulfate–methane transition. The diffusive methane flux to the sediment–water interface is often high, reaching over 2 mmol m−2 d−1. Even though anaerobic methane oxidation is thermodynamically and kinetically favoured where methane fluxes are high, there is no evidence of methane oxidation in concentration, isotope and modelling results. Cores that lacked anaerobic methane oxidation had high modelled organic matter mineralization rates, suggesting that a possible mechanism could be high electron donor availability due to elevated H2 concentrations, as has been predicted by laboratory studies. We show that methane leakage across the sulfate–methane transition is widespread in organic-rich marine sediments. Inhibition of anaerobic methane oxidation in organic-rich marine sediments causes widespread methane leakage from the seabed, according to an analysis of sediment cores from the Baltic Sea.
{"title":"Methane leakage through the sulfate–methane transition zone of the Baltic seabed","authors":"Laura L. Lapham, Karen G. Lloyd, Henrik Fossing, Sabine Flury, Jørn Bo Jensen, Marc J. Alperin, Gregor Rehder, Wanda Holzhueter, Timothy Ferdelman, Bo Barker Jørgensen","doi":"10.1038/s41561-024-01594-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-024-01594-z","url":null,"abstract":"Anaerobic oxidation of methane at the sulfate–methane transition in marine sediments is generally considered to be a near-perfect barrier against methane release from the seabed, but the mechanisms involved are not well understood. On the basis of a survey of Baltic Sea sediments we show that a highly variable amount (0–100%) of subseafloor methane leaks through the sulfate–methane transition. The diffusive methane flux to the sediment–water interface is often high, reaching over 2 mmol m−2 d−1. Even though anaerobic methane oxidation is thermodynamically and kinetically favoured where methane fluxes are high, there is no evidence of methane oxidation in concentration, isotope and modelling results. Cores that lacked anaerobic methane oxidation had high modelled organic matter mineralization rates, suggesting that a possible mechanism could be high electron donor availability due to elevated H2 concentrations, as has been predicted by laboratory studies. We show that methane leakage across the sulfate–methane transition is widespread in organic-rich marine sediments. Inhibition of anaerobic methane oxidation in organic-rich marine sediments causes widespread methane leakage from the seabed, according to an analysis of sediment cores from the Baltic Sea.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"17 12","pages":"1277-1283"},"PeriodicalIF":15.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142783131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-04DOI: 10.1038/s41561-024-01596-x
Chan-Mao Chen, James Hollingsworth, Marin K. Clark, Deepak Chamlagain, Sujata Bista, Dimitrios Zekkos, Anuj Siwakoti, A. Joshua West
In 2021, a catastrophic flood occurred in the Melamchi Valley of Nepal, causing widely distributed erosion in Himalayan headwaters and mobilizing a large sediment volume. As the flood progressed downstream, it induced an erosional cascade, producing 100 m deep incisions into high-elevation valley fills, generating new landslides and burying the lower reaches in alluvium. This event demonstrated the destructive impact of cascading processes and their potential for reshaping the landscape. The 2021 flood in the Melamchi Valley of Nepal triggered a cascade of erosional effects that contributed to the substantial downstream impacts, according to an analysis of satellite imagery and digital surface models.
{"title":"Erosional cascade during the 2021 Melamchi flood","authors":"Chan-Mao Chen, James Hollingsworth, Marin K. Clark, Deepak Chamlagain, Sujata Bista, Dimitrios Zekkos, Anuj Siwakoti, A. Joshua West","doi":"10.1038/s41561-024-01596-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-024-01596-x","url":null,"abstract":"In 2021, a catastrophic flood occurred in the Melamchi Valley of Nepal, causing widely distributed erosion in Himalayan headwaters and mobilizing a large sediment volume. As the flood progressed downstream, it induced an erosional cascade, producing 100 m deep incisions into high-elevation valley fills, generating new landslides and burying the lower reaches in alluvium. This event demonstrated the destructive impact of cascading processes and their potential for reshaping the landscape. The 2021 flood in the Melamchi Valley of Nepal triggered a cascade of erosional effects that contributed to the substantial downstream impacts, according to an analysis of satellite imagery and digital surface models.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"18 1","pages":"32-36"},"PeriodicalIF":15.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142763606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-03DOI: 10.1038/s41561-024-01582-3
Catherine C. Walker, Joanna D. Millstein, Bertie W. J. Miles, Sue Cook, Alexander D. Fraser, Andreas Colliander, Sidharth Misra, Luke D. Trusel, Susheel Adusumilli, Chancelor Roberts, Helen A. Fricker
Antarctica is currently losing net mass to the ocean primarily from West Antarctica and the Antarctic Peninsula, which together hold ~5.5 m of sea level rise potential. Yet, the East Antarctic Ice Sheet stores almost ten times more ice, and its evolution contributes significant uncertainty to sea level rise projections, mainly due to insufficient process-scale observations. Here we report the collapse of the Conger–Glenzer Ice Shelf in East Antarctica that culminated with its March 2022 disintegration. We use a combination of observations to document its evolution over four stages spanning 25 years, starting 1997–2000 when small calving events isolated it from the Shackleton Ice Shelf. In 2011, it retreated from a central pinning point, followed by relative calving quiescence for a decade; the remaining ~1,200 km2 of the ice shelf disintegrated over a few days in mid-March 2022. These observations of the Conger–Glenzer Ice Shelf collapse shed light on the processes involved, in particular, the impacts of ocean and atmospheric warming and extreme weather events. Ice shelf collapses, rare in the satellite record so far, have substantial implications for the stability of the Antarctic ice sheet and its contribution to future sea level rise. Satellite observations reveal that the Conger–Glenzer Ice Shelf collapse in East Antarctica occurred in four stages spanning a period of 25 years, culminating in its rapid disintegration in March 2022.
{"title":"Multi-decadal collapse of East Antarctica’s Conger–Glenzer Ice Shelf","authors":"Catherine C. Walker, Joanna D. Millstein, Bertie W. J. Miles, Sue Cook, Alexander D. Fraser, Andreas Colliander, Sidharth Misra, Luke D. Trusel, Susheel Adusumilli, Chancelor Roberts, Helen A. Fricker","doi":"10.1038/s41561-024-01582-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-024-01582-3","url":null,"abstract":"Antarctica is currently losing net mass to the ocean primarily from West Antarctica and the Antarctic Peninsula, which together hold ~5.5 m of sea level rise potential. Yet, the East Antarctic Ice Sheet stores almost ten times more ice, and its evolution contributes significant uncertainty to sea level rise projections, mainly due to insufficient process-scale observations. Here we report the collapse of the Conger–Glenzer Ice Shelf in East Antarctica that culminated with its March 2022 disintegration. We use a combination of observations to document its evolution over four stages spanning 25 years, starting 1997–2000 when small calving events isolated it from the Shackleton Ice Shelf. In 2011, it retreated from a central pinning point, followed by relative calving quiescence for a decade; the remaining ~1,200 km2 of the ice shelf disintegrated over a few days in mid-March 2022. These observations of the Conger–Glenzer Ice Shelf collapse shed light on the processes involved, in particular, the impacts of ocean and atmospheric warming and extreme weather events. Ice shelf collapses, rare in the satellite record so far, have substantial implications for the stability of the Antarctic ice sheet and its contribution to future sea level rise. Satellite observations reveal that the Conger–Glenzer Ice Shelf collapse in East Antarctica occurred in four stages spanning a period of 25 years, culminating in its rapid disintegration in March 2022.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"17 12","pages":"1240-1248"},"PeriodicalIF":15.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142760233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-03DOI: 10.1038/s41561-024-01607-x
Karen E. Alley
The loss of the Conger–Glenzer ice shelf in 2022 was the culmination of a multidecadal process of disintegration, signalling East Antarctica may not be as stable as we once thought.
{"title":"Ice-shelf disintegration in East Antarctica","authors":"Karen E. Alley","doi":"10.1038/s41561-024-01607-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-024-01607-x","url":null,"abstract":"The loss of the Conger–Glenzer ice shelf in 2022 was the culmination of a multidecadal process of disintegration, signalling East Antarctica may not be as stable as we once thought.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"17 12","pages":"1193-1194"},"PeriodicalIF":15.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142760232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-28DOI: 10.1038/s41561-024-01595-y
Suzanne E. Smrekar, Colby Ostberg, Joseph G. O’Rourke
{"title":"Author Correction: Earth-like lithospheric thickness and heat flow on Venus consistent with active rifting","authors":"Suzanne E. Smrekar, Colby Ostberg, Joseph G. O’Rourke","doi":"10.1038/s41561-024-01595-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-024-01595-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"18 1","pages":"105-105"},"PeriodicalIF":15.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-024-01595-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142735685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-28DOI: 10.1038/s41561-024-01602-2
J. R. Williams, S. L. C. Giering, C. A. Baker, K. Pabortsava, N. Briggs, H. East, B. Espinola, S. Blackbird, F. A. C. Le Moigne, M. Villa-Alfageme, A. J. Poulton, F. Carvalho, C. Pebody, K. Saw, C. M. Moore, S. A. Henson, R. Sanders, A. P. Martin
The Southern Ocean, a region highly vulnerable to climate change, plays a vital role in regulating global nutrient cycles and atmospheric CO2 via the biological carbon pump. Diatoms, photosynthetically active plankton with dense opal skeletons, are key to this process as their exoskeletons are thought to enhance the transfer of particulate organic carbon to depth, positioning them as major vectors of carbon storage. Yet conflicting observations obscure the mechanistic link between diatoms, opal and particulate organic carbon fluxes, especially in the twilight zone where greatest flux losses occur. Here we present direct springtime flux measurements from different sectors of the subpolar Southern Ocean, demonstrating that across large areas of the subpolar twilight zone, carbon is efficiently transferred to depth, albeit not by diatoms. Rather, opal is retained near the surface ocean, indicating that processes such as diatom buoyancy regulation and grazer repackaging can negate ballast effects of diatoms’ skeletons. Our results highlight that the presence of diatoms in surface waters of the Southern Ocean’s largest biome does not guarantee their importance as vectors for efficient carbon transfer through the subpolar twilight zone. Climate change-driven shifts in phytoplankton community composition may affect biologically sequestered carbon pools less than currently predicted. Diatom skeletons largely remain near the surface of the subpolar Southern Ocean following diatom bloom events, suggesting that they do not play as big a role in the downward flux of organic matter as previously thought, according to data from two expeditions focused on the marine twilight zone.
{"title":"Inefficient transfer of diatoms through the subpolar Southern Ocean twilight zone","authors":"J. R. Williams, S. L. C. Giering, C. A. Baker, K. Pabortsava, N. Briggs, H. East, B. Espinola, S. Blackbird, F. A. C. Le Moigne, M. Villa-Alfageme, A. J. Poulton, F. Carvalho, C. Pebody, K. Saw, C. M. Moore, S. A. Henson, R. Sanders, A. P. Martin","doi":"10.1038/s41561-024-01602-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-024-01602-2","url":null,"abstract":"The Southern Ocean, a region highly vulnerable to climate change, plays a vital role in regulating global nutrient cycles and atmospheric CO2 via the biological carbon pump. Diatoms, photosynthetically active plankton with dense opal skeletons, are key to this process as their exoskeletons are thought to enhance the transfer of particulate organic carbon to depth, positioning them as major vectors of carbon storage. Yet conflicting observations obscure the mechanistic link between diatoms, opal and particulate organic carbon fluxes, especially in the twilight zone where greatest flux losses occur. Here we present direct springtime flux measurements from different sectors of the subpolar Southern Ocean, demonstrating that across large areas of the subpolar twilight zone, carbon is efficiently transferred to depth, albeit not by diatoms. Rather, opal is retained near the surface ocean, indicating that processes such as diatom buoyancy regulation and grazer repackaging can negate ballast effects of diatoms’ skeletons. Our results highlight that the presence of diatoms in surface waters of the Southern Ocean’s largest biome does not guarantee their importance as vectors for efficient carbon transfer through the subpolar twilight zone. Climate change-driven shifts in phytoplankton community composition may affect biologically sequestered carbon pools less than currently predicted. Diatom skeletons largely remain near the surface of the subpolar Southern Ocean following diatom bloom events, suggesting that they do not play as big a role in the downward flux of organic matter as previously thought, according to data from two expeditions focused on the marine twilight zone.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"18 1","pages":"72-77"},"PeriodicalIF":15.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-024-01602-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142735698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-22DOI: 10.1038/s41561-024-01611-1
Genevieve L. Noyce, Alexander J. Smith, Matthew L. Kirwan, Roy L. Rich, J. Patrick Megonigal
{"title":"Author Correction: Oxygen priming induced by elevated CO2 reduces carbon accumulation and methane emissions in coastal wetlands","authors":"Genevieve L. Noyce, Alexander J. Smith, Matthew L. Kirwan, Roy L. Rich, J. Patrick Megonigal","doi":"10.1038/s41561-024-01611-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-024-01611-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"17 12","pages":"1316-1316"},"PeriodicalIF":15.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-024-01611-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142684693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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