Pub Date : 2025-11-07DOI: 10.1038/s41561-025-01828-8
Mario Fischer-Gödde
The building blocks that formed the Earth remain enigmatic. The potassium isotopic composition of some ancient and modern rocks suggests the composition of the early Earth was modified by the Moon-forming impact, but that traces of its original composition survived mixing and are sampled by some extant mantle plumes.
{"title":"A vestige from Earth’s accretion","authors":"Mario Fischer-Gödde","doi":"10.1038/s41561-025-01828-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-025-01828-8","url":null,"abstract":"The building blocks that formed the Earth remain enigmatic. The potassium isotopic composition of some ancient and modern rocks suggests the composition of the early Earth was modified by the Moon-forming impact, but that traces of its original composition survived mixing and are sampled by some extant mantle plumes.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"18 11","pages":"1091-1092"},"PeriodicalIF":16.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145456899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-07DOI: 10.1038/s41561-025-01864-4
The aftermath of volcanic eruptions often reveals critical gaps in hazard and risk management. Effective global implementation of the lessons learned from disasters triggered by natural hazards is long overdue.
{"title":"Lessons from the Armero disaster and beyond","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s41561-025-01864-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-025-01864-4","url":null,"abstract":"The aftermath of volcanic eruptions often reveals critical gaps in hazard and risk management. Effective global implementation of the lessons learned from disasters triggered by natural hazards is long overdue.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"18 11","pages":"1065-1065"},"PeriodicalIF":16.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-025-01864-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145456904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-07DOI: 10.1038/s41561-025-01836-8
Eliza S. Calder, M. Teresa Armijos, Mayalitza Sosof Sisay, Alex Petzey Quiejú, Diego Reanda Sapalú, Roberto Cabrera
Volcanic disaster risk reduction has greater impact when rooted in community experience. We must recognize the importance of Indigenous knowledge to shape more culturally situated, equitable, respectful, and effective mitigation strategies.
{"title":"Indigenous knowledge and volcanic disaster risk reduction","authors":"Eliza S. Calder, M. Teresa Armijos, Mayalitza Sosof Sisay, Alex Petzey Quiejú, Diego Reanda Sapalú, Roberto Cabrera","doi":"10.1038/s41561-025-01836-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-025-01836-8","url":null,"abstract":"Volcanic disaster risk reduction has greater impact when rooted in community experience. We must recognize the importance of Indigenous knowledge to shape more culturally situated, equitable, respectful, and effective mitigation strategies.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"18 11","pages":"1081-1083"},"PeriodicalIF":16.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145456859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-07DOI: 10.1038/s41561-025-01832-y
Lara Mani, Jenni Barclay, Carina Fearnley, Richard E. A. Robertson, Blaise Mafuko Nyandwi, Sara Barsotti, Amy Donovan, Wendy Stovall
Since the 1985 Nevado del Ruiz eruption that killed over 23,000 people in Armero, Colombia, risk communication has become central to volcanic crisis management. Despite the development of effective tools and programmes for volcanic risk communication, considerable challenges remain.
{"title":"Lessons from 40 years of communicating volcanic risk during crises","authors":"Lara Mani, Jenni Barclay, Carina Fearnley, Richard E. A. Robertson, Blaise Mafuko Nyandwi, Sara Barsotti, Amy Donovan, Wendy Stovall","doi":"10.1038/s41561-025-01832-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-025-01832-y","url":null,"abstract":"Since the 1985 Nevado del Ruiz eruption that killed over 23,000 people in Armero, Colombia, risk communication has become central to volcanic crisis management. Despite the development of effective tools and programmes for volcanic risk communication, considerable challenges remain.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"18 11","pages":"1077-1080"},"PeriodicalIF":16.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145456860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Circumpolar Deep Water inflow onto Antarctica’s continental shelves is a key driver of accelerated Antarctic Ice Sheet mass loss, both presently and during the last deglaciation. However, the mechanisms driving enhanced inflow and the resultant impact on large-scale ice-sheet retreat events are still not fully understood. Here we address this topic using marine sediment cores from Lützow–Holm Bay, East Antarctica, through analyses of sedimentary beryllium isotopes and complementary proxies. These records, when compared to inland mountain outcrop records, show that ice-shelf collapse and simultaneous inland ice-sheet thinning ~9,000 years ago were associated with enhanced Circumpolar Deep Water inflow and sea-level rise. A hierarchical modelling approach that combines climate and high-resolution ocean simulations suggests that freshwater discharge from adjacent Antarctic sectors into the Southern Ocean probably enhanced the regional inflow into submarine troughs in Lützow–Holm Bay between 10,000 and 9,000 years ago. We propose a feedback loop whereby meltwater from rapidly retreating Antarctic sectors since the Last Glacial Maximum enhanced stratification and Circumpolar Deep Water incursions onto adjacent shelves. Alongside relative sea-level rise, this meltwater feedback triggers further ice-shelf instability and enhances dynamic inland ice discharge, highlighting a mechanism relevant to future Antarctic Ice Sheet changes. Early Holocene retreat of an ice shelf in East Antarctica was linked to ocean-driven forcing enhanced by ice-sheet meltwater from adjoining regions, as unveiled through the integration of proxy records with ocean and climate modelling.
{"title":"Antarctic ice-shelf collapse in Holocene driven by meltwater release feedbacks","authors":"Yusuke Suganuma, Takuya Itaki, Yuki Haneda, Kazuya Kusahara, Takashi Obase, Takeshige Ishiwa, Takayuki Omori, Minoru Ikehara, Robert McKay, Osamu Seki, Daisuke Hirano, Masakazu Fujii, Yuji Kato, Atsuko Amano, Yuki Tokuda, Hokuto Iwatani, Yoshiaki Suzuki, Motohiro Hirabayashi, Hiroyuki Matsuzaki, Takeyasu Yamagata, Masao Iwai, Kota Katsuki, Francisco J. Jimenez-Espejo, Hiroki Matsui, Koji Seike, Moto Kawamata, Naohisa Nishida, Masato Ito, Shin Sugiyama, Jun’ichi Okuno, Takanobu Sawagaki, Ayako Abe-Ouchi, Shigeru Aoki, Hideki Miura","doi":"10.1038/s41561-025-01829-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-025-01829-7","url":null,"abstract":"Circumpolar Deep Water inflow onto Antarctica’s continental shelves is a key driver of accelerated Antarctic Ice Sheet mass loss, both presently and during the last deglaciation. However, the mechanisms driving enhanced inflow and the resultant impact on large-scale ice-sheet retreat events are still not fully understood. Here we address this topic using marine sediment cores from Lützow–Holm Bay, East Antarctica, through analyses of sedimentary beryllium isotopes and complementary proxies. These records, when compared to inland mountain outcrop records, show that ice-shelf collapse and simultaneous inland ice-sheet thinning ~9,000 years ago were associated with enhanced Circumpolar Deep Water inflow and sea-level rise. A hierarchical modelling approach that combines climate and high-resolution ocean simulations suggests that freshwater discharge from adjacent Antarctic sectors into the Southern Ocean probably enhanced the regional inflow into submarine troughs in Lützow–Holm Bay between 10,000 and 9,000 years ago. We propose a feedback loop whereby meltwater from rapidly retreating Antarctic sectors since the Last Glacial Maximum enhanced stratification and Circumpolar Deep Water incursions onto adjacent shelves. Alongside relative sea-level rise, this meltwater feedback triggers further ice-shelf instability and enhances dynamic inland ice discharge, highlighting a mechanism relevant to future Antarctic Ice Sheet changes. Early Holocene retreat of an ice shelf in East Antarctica was linked to ocean-driven forcing enhanced by ice-sheet meltwater from adjoining regions, as unveiled through the integration of proxy records with ocean and climate modelling.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"18 12","pages":"1216-1223"},"PeriodicalIF":16.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-025-01829-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145455608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-07DOI: 10.1038/s41561-025-01847-5
Xianyu Kong, Oliver J. Lechtenfeld, Jan M. Kaesler, Mats A. Granskog, Colin A. Stedmon, Martin Graeve, Boris P. Koch
Arctic warming is expected to increase the terrestrial dissolved organic carbon flux into the central Arctic Ocean, altering biogeochemical cycling by modulating light attenuation, microbial respiration and carbon dioxide release. Quantifying terrestrial inputs remains challenging due to biases in common proxies and uncertainties in endmember characteristics, which complicate traditional mixing models, introducing uncertainties in predicting climate change impacts. Here we present a high-resolution mass spectrometric approach allowing direct analysis of original seawater, tracing and quantifying terrestrial contributions to dissolved organic carbon. Terrestrial dissolved organic carbon in the central Arctic Ocean contributed at least 0.97 ± 0.05 PgC (16.4%) to the dissolved organic carbon inventory of 5.93 ± 0.09 PgC, including 15.0% in deep water (7.9 ± 0.4 µmol l −1 ). In surface water within the Transpolar Drift, the average terrestrial dissolved organic carbon concentrations were 117% higher (31.5 ± 4.8 µmol l −1 ) than outside the Transpolar Drift (14.5 ± 1.0 µmol l −1 ). The terrestrial dissolved organic matter is compositionally distinct, being more aromatic, hydrophobic and nitrogen-poor than marine sources. This approach provides chemical information that reflects changes in organic matter sources and bioavailability, both of which are central to understanding future climatic impacts on Arctic biogeochemical cycles.
{"title":"Major terrestrial contribution to the dissolved organic carbon budget in the Arctic Ocean","authors":"Xianyu Kong, Oliver J. Lechtenfeld, Jan M. Kaesler, Mats A. Granskog, Colin A. Stedmon, Martin Graeve, Boris P. Koch","doi":"10.1038/s41561-025-01847-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-025-01847-5","url":null,"abstract":"Arctic warming is expected to increase the terrestrial dissolved organic carbon flux into the central Arctic Ocean, altering biogeochemical cycling by modulating light attenuation, microbial respiration and carbon dioxide release. Quantifying terrestrial inputs remains challenging due to biases in common proxies and uncertainties in endmember characteristics, which complicate traditional mixing models, introducing uncertainties in predicting climate change impacts. Here we present a high-resolution mass spectrometric approach allowing direct analysis of original seawater, tracing and quantifying terrestrial contributions to dissolved organic carbon. Terrestrial dissolved organic carbon in the central Arctic Ocean contributed at least 0.97 ± 0.05 PgC (16.4%) to the dissolved organic carbon inventory of 5.93 ± 0.09 PgC, including 15.0% in deep water (7.9 ± 0.4 µmol l <jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> ). In surface water within the Transpolar Drift, the average terrestrial dissolved organic carbon concentrations were 117% higher (31.5 ± 4.8 µmol l <jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> ) than outside the Transpolar Drift (14.5 ± 1.0 µmol l <jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> ). The terrestrial dissolved organic matter is compositionally distinct, being more aromatic, hydrophobic and nitrogen-poor than marine sources. This approach provides chemical information that reflects changes in organic matter sources and bioavailability, both of which are central to understanding future climatic impacts on Arctic biogeochemical cycles.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145455614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-07DOI: 10.1038/s41561-025-01830-0
Marta Calvache
The eruption of Nevado del Ruiz volcano in Colombia in November 1985 killed an estimated 25,000 people in the town of Armero. Forty years on, Colombia has transformed its geological risk management in the wake of this disaster, recognizing the importance of institutions, knowledge sharing and engagement with local communities.
{"title":"Volcanic risk management in Colombia 40 years after Armero","authors":"Marta Calvache","doi":"10.1038/s41561-025-01830-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-025-01830-0","url":null,"abstract":"The eruption of Nevado del Ruiz volcano in Colombia in November 1985 killed an estimated 25,000 people in the town of Armero. Forty years on, Colombia has transformed its geological risk management in the wake of this disaster, recognizing the importance of institutions, knowledge sharing and engagement with local communities.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"18 11","pages":"1074-1076"},"PeriodicalIF":16.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145456897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-07DOI: 10.1038/s41561-025-01837-7
Stefan Lachowycz
Nature Geoscience spoke with Daniel Andrade (Instituto Geofísico, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Ecuador), Lucia Capra (Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico), Kyoko Kataoka (Niigata University, Japan), and Anke Zernack (Massey University, New Zealand) about lahars — volcanic mud and debris flows — and the hazards they pose.
{"title":"Understanding lahars","authors":"Stefan Lachowycz","doi":"10.1038/s41561-025-01837-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-025-01837-7","url":null,"abstract":"Nature Geoscience spoke with Daniel Andrade (Instituto Geofísico, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Ecuador), Lucia Capra (Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico), Kyoko Kataoka (Niigata University, Japan), and Anke Zernack (Massey University, New Zealand) about lahars — volcanic mud and debris flows — and the hazards they pose.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"18 11","pages":"1088-1090"},"PeriodicalIF":16.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145456853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Water on the surface of the Moon is a key factor in tracing lunar surface processes and represents a potential future resource for lunar exploration. Samples from the Apollo and Luna missions provide constraints on the content and possible origin of this water, but represent only low latitudes on the Moon’s nearside. Information about the lunar farside has been restricted to remote sensing observations and thus the global distribution and origin of lunar surface water are still debated. Here we performed laboratory analyses of samples from the lunar farside at mid-latitudes returned by the Chang’e-6 mission. We find that the samples have very low δD values (as low as −983‰) and high water contents (up to 1.7 wt%) in the topmost layers of grains, indicating that solar-wind implantation is the primary source. The water contents are comparable to those reported for Chang’e-5 samples from mid-latitudes on the nearside, but nearly double those of Apollo samples. Infrared reflectance spectra further reveal that the bulk Chang’e-6 samples exhibit stronger OH/H2O features and higher maturity than Chang’e-5 samples, despite both showing similar water content profiles with depth. These findings suggest that the distribution of water on the lunar surface is strongly dependent on latitude, with the bulk water content also depending on regolith maturity. Our findings imply that lunar surface water may be more abundant in highly mature regolith in high-latitude regions. Analyses of Chang’e-6 samples from the lunar farside reveal high water contents and low δD values, with comparisons to other lunar samples suggesting that solar-wind-implanted surface water varies with latitude and regolith maturity.
{"title":"Distribution of lunar surface water dependent on latitude and regolith maturity","authors":"Honglei Lin, Rui Chang, Rui Xu, Wei Yang, Heng-Ci Tian, Hong Tang, Jinning Li, Jialong Hao, Liyu Shan, Xiaojing Zhang, Huaiyu He, Zhiping He, Wei Lin, Yangting Lin, Yong Wei","doi":"10.1038/s41561-025-01819-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-025-01819-9","url":null,"abstract":"Water on the surface of the Moon is a key factor in tracing lunar surface processes and represents a potential future resource for lunar exploration. Samples from the Apollo and Luna missions provide constraints on the content and possible origin of this water, but represent only low latitudes on the Moon’s nearside. Information about the lunar farside has been restricted to remote sensing observations and thus the global distribution and origin of lunar surface water are still debated. Here we performed laboratory analyses of samples from the lunar farside at mid-latitudes returned by the Chang’e-6 mission. We find that the samples have very low δD values (as low as −983‰) and high water contents (up to 1.7 wt%) in the topmost layers of grains, indicating that solar-wind implantation is the primary source. The water contents are comparable to those reported for Chang’e-5 samples from mid-latitudes on the nearside, but nearly double those of Apollo samples. Infrared reflectance spectra further reveal that the bulk Chang’e-6 samples exhibit stronger OH/H2O features and higher maturity than Chang’e-5 samples, despite both showing similar water content profiles with depth. These findings suggest that the distribution of water on the lunar surface is strongly dependent on latitude, with the bulk water content also depending on regolith maturity. Our findings imply that lunar surface water may be more abundant in highly mature regolith in high-latitude regions. Analyses of Chang’e-6 samples from the lunar farside reveal high water contents and low δD values, with comparisons to other lunar samples suggesting that solar-wind-implanted surface water varies with latitude and regolith maturity.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"18 11","pages":"1097-1102"},"PeriodicalIF":16.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145447683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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