Pub Date : 2025-11-18DOI: 10.1038/s41561-025-01854-6
Geochemical heterogeneity in near-continent oceanic volcanism hints at overlooked mantle enrichment processes. Models and data from the Indian Ocean suggest that rift-related convective instabilities can disturb the ancient roots of continents. This process sweeps geochemically enriched domains into the oceanic asthenosphere over tens of millions of years, explaining the observed longevity of geochemical mantle anomalies.
{"title":"Continental rifting sweeps enriched mantle from the roots of continents into the oceanic mantle","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s41561-025-01854-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-025-01854-6","url":null,"abstract":"Geochemical heterogeneity in near-continent oceanic volcanism hints at overlooked mantle enrichment processes. Models and data from the Indian Ocean suggest that rift-related convective instabilities can disturb the ancient roots of continents. This process sweeps geochemically enriched domains into the oceanic asthenosphere over tens of millions of years, explaining the observed longevity of geochemical mantle anomalies.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"18 12","pages":"1200-1201"},"PeriodicalIF":16.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145536234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-18DOI: 10.1038/s41561-025-01831-z
Mattia Poinelli, Lia Siegelman, Yoshihiro Nakayama
Thwaites and Pine Island glaciers—located in the Amundsen Sea Embayment, West Antarctica—are responsible for more than one-third of the total ice loss from Antarctica. These glaciers are experiencing accelerated retreat due to a combination of complex air–sea-ice processes. The ice cavities—the ocean-filled spaces beneath glaciers where the ice becomes afloat in the form of ice shelves—are particularly vulnerable to warm water intrusions but remain severely understudied due to their remote location and the lack of numerical models capable of resolving small-scale ice–ocean processes. Here we show that ocean submesoscale features (1–10 km size) regularly form in the open ocean, propagate towards Thwaites Glacier, intrude its cavity and melt the ice from below. We use an ice–ocean numerical model at 200-m resolution and observations below the ice to reveal that submesoscale motions are ubiquitous year round in the Amundsen Sea Embayment. Results show that submesoscales account for one-fifth of the total submarine melt variance in the area and highlight a positive feedback loop between submesoscale motions and submarine melting. Following this loop, as future climate warming implies greater ocean-induced melting, these events will become increasingly frequent, with far-reaching implications for ice-shelf stability and global sea-level rise. Submesoscale ocean features deliver heat beneath Thwaites Ice Shelf and contribute to submarine melting, according to numerical modelling combined with available observations.
{"title":"Ocean submesoscales as drivers of submarine melting within Antarctic ice cavities","authors":"Mattia Poinelli, Lia Siegelman, Yoshihiro Nakayama","doi":"10.1038/s41561-025-01831-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-025-01831-z","url":null,"abstract":"Thwaites and Pine Island glaciers—located in the Amundsen Sea Embayment, West Antarctica—are responsible for more than one-third of the total ice loss from Antarctica. These glaciers are experiencing accelerated retreat due to a combination of complex air–sea-ice processes. The ice cavities—the ocean-filled spaces beneath glaciers where the ice becomes afloat in the form of ice shelves—are particularly vulnerable to warm water intrusions but remain severely understudied due to their remote location and the lack of numerical models capable of resolving small-scale ice–ocean processes. Here we show that ocean submesoscale features (1–10 km size) regularly form in the open ocean, propagate towards Thwaites Glacier, intrude its cavity and melt the ice from below. We use an ice–ocean numerical model at 200-m resolution and observations below the ice to reveal that submesoscale motions are ubiquitous year round in the Amundsen Sea Embayment. Results show that submesoscales account for one-fifth of the total submarine melt variance in the area and highlight a positive feedback loop between submesoscale motions and submarine melting. Following this loop, as future climate warming implies greater ocean-induced melting, these events will become increasingly frequent, with far-reaching implications for ice-shelf stability and global sea-level rise. Submesoscale ocean features deliver heat beneath Thwaites Ice Shelf and contribute to submarine melting, according to numerical modelling combined with available observations.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"18 12","pages":"1209-1215"},"PeriodicalIF":16.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145536232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-14DOI: 10.1038/s41561-025-01877-z
Naomi Ochwat, Ted Scambos, Robert S. Anderson, J. Paul Winberry, Adrian Luckman, Etienne Berthier, Maud Bernat, Yulia K. Antropova
{"title":"Author Correction: Record grounded glacier retreat caused by an ice plain calving process","authors":"Naomi Ochwat, Ted Scambos, Robert S. Anderson, J. Paul Winberry, Adrian Luckman, Etienne Berthier, Maud Bernat, Yulia K. Antropova","doi":"10.1038/s41561-025-01877-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-025-01877-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"18 12","pages":"1319-1319"},"PeriodicalIF":16.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-025-01877-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145509166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-14DOI: 10.1038/s41561-025-01861-7
Bo Li, Sigurjón Jónsson, Cahli Suhendi, Jihong Liu, Duo Li, Arthur Delorme, Yann Klinger, Paul Martin Mai
Seismic gaps are fault sections that have not hosted a large earthquake for a long time compared to neighbouring segments, making them likely sites for future large events. The 2025 Mw 7.7 Mandalay (Myanmar) earthquake, on the central section of the Sagaing Fault, ruptured through a known seismic gap and ~160 km beyond it, resulting in an exceptionally long rupture of ~460 km. Here we investigate the rupture process of this event and the factors that enabled it to breach the seismic gap by integrating satellite synthetic aperture radar observations, seismic waveform back-projection, Bayesian finite-fault inversion and dynamic rupture simulations. We identify a two-stage earthquake rupture comprising initial bilateral subshear propagation for ~20 s followed by unilateral supershear rupture for ~70 s. Simulation-based sensitivity tests suggest that the seismic gap boundary was not a strong mechanical barrier in terms of frictional strength, and that nucleation of the earthquake far from the gap boundary, rather than its supershear speed, allowed the rupture to outgrow the gap and propagate far beyond it. Hence, we conclude that the dimension of seismic gaps may not reflect the magnitude of future earthquakes. Instead, ruptures may cascade through multiple fault sections to generate larger and potentially more damaging events. The 2025 Mw 7.7 Mandalay earthquake in Myanmar breached and propagated beyond a long-quiescent segment owing to a mechanically weak barrier at the segment boundary and distant nucleation, according to seismic, geodetic and numerical analyses.
{"title":"Seismic gap breached by the 2025 Mw 7.7 Mandalay (Myanmar) earthquake","authors":"Bo Li, Sigurjón Jónsson, Cahli Suhendi, Jihong Liu, Duo Li, Arthur Delorme, Yann Klinger, Paul Martin Mai","doi":"10.1038/s41561-025-01861-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-025-01861-7","url":null,"abstract":"Seismic gaps are fault sections that have not hosted a large earthquake for a long time compared to neighbouring segments, making them likely sites for future large events. The 2025 Mw 7.7 Mandalay (Myanmar) earthquake, on the central section of the Sagaing Fault, ruptured through a known seismic gap and ~160 km beyond it, resulting in an exceptionally long rupture of ~460 km. Here we investigate the rupture process of this event and the factors that enabled it to breach the seismic gap by integrating satellite synthetic aperture radar observations, seismic waveform back-projection, Bayesian finite-fault inversion and dynamic rupture simulations. We identify a two-stage earthquake rupture comprising initial bilateral subshear propagation for ~20 s followed by unilateral supershear rupture for ~70 s. Simulation-based sensitivity tests suggest that the seismic gap boundary was not a strong mechanical barrier in terms of frictional strength, and that nucleation of the earthquake far from the gap boundary, rather than its supershear speed, allowed the rupture to outgrow the gap and propagate far beyond it. Hence, we conclude that the dimension of seismic gaps may not reflect the magnitude of future earthquakes. Instead, ruptures may cascade through multiple fault sections to generate larger and potentially more damaging events. The 2025 Mw 7.7 Mandalay earthquake in Myanmar breached and propagated beyond a long-quiescent segment owing to a mechanically weak barrier at the segment boundary and distant nucleation, according to seismic, geodetic and numerical analyses.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"18 12","pages":"1287-1295"},"PeriodicalIF":16.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-025-01861-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145508806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-14DOI: 10.1038/s41561-025-01848-4
Guoming Qin, Zhe Lu, Christian Sanders, Jingfan Zhang, Shuchai Gan, Jinge Zhou, Xingyun Huang, Hua He, Mengxiao Yu, Hui Li, Peter I. Macreadie, Faming Wang
Mangroves are recognized globally as important blue carbon ecosystems for mitigating climate change due to their remarkable carbon sequestration potential. However, methane emissions from these ecosystems can partially offset their net carbon burial capacity. Although methane oxidation within soils can minimize these emissions, the contribution of methane released directly through mangrove tree stems remains underexplored. Emerging evidence indicates that wetland trees may serve as conduits for soil-derived methane, potentially constituting a poorly quantified component of mangrove carbon cycling. Here we present a global quantification of methane emissions mediated by trees, leveraging field measurements, global datasets and machine learning-driven upscaling. Our analysis reveals that annual stem methane emissions total approximately 730.60 (95% CI: 586.09–876.93) gigagrams per year, offsetting sediment carbon burial by ~16.9%. When combined with soil methane emissions, stem fluxes increase the total methane budget, offsetting approximately 27.5% of blue carbon sequestration. Stem methane emissions were closely related to wood density, soil organic carbon content, salinity and soil methane flux, indicating that emissions originate primarily from mangrove sediments, with higher emissions correlated to lower wood density, lower salinity and greater wood water content. Our findings underscore the need to incorporate stem-mediated fluxes into blue carbon budgets and climate mitigation strategies. Methane emissions from mangrove tree stems offset about 17% of the carbon buried in sediments in global mangroves, highlighting the need to incorporate tree-mediated methane fluxes into blue carbon budgets, according to a global quantification of methane emissions from mangrove tree stems.
红树林具有显著的固碳潜力，被全球公认为减缓气候变化的重要蓝碳生态系统。然而，这些生态系统的甲烷排放可以部分抵消其净碳埋藏能力。虽然土壤中的甲烷氧化可以使这些排放最小化，但直接通过红树林树干释放的甲烷的贡献仍未得到充分探索。新出现的证据表明，湿地树木可能是土壤来源的甲烷的管道，可能构成红树林碳循环的一个缺乏量化的组成部分。在这里，我们提出了由树木介导的甲烷排放的全球量化，利用现场测量，全球数据集和机器学习驱动的升级。我们的分析表明，每年茎干甲烷排放总量约为730.60 (95% CI: 586.09-876.93) g /年，抵消了沉积物碳埋藏约16.9%。当与土壤甲烷排放相结合时，茎通量增加了总甲烷收支，抵消了大约27.5%的蓝碳固存。树干甲烷排放与木材密度、土壤有机碳含量、盐度和土壤甲烷通量密切相关，表明排放主要来源于红树林沉积物，且排放高与木材密度低、盐度低和木材含水量高相关。我们的研究结果强调了将茎干介导的通量纳入蓝碳预算和气候减缓战略的必要性。根据对红树林树干甲烷排放的全球量化，红树林树干的甲烷排放抵消了全球红树林沉积物中埋存的约17%的碳，这凸显了将树木介导的甲烷通量纳入蓝碳预算的必要性。
{"title":"Mangrove sediment carbon burial offset by methane emissions from mangrove tree stems","authors":"Guoming Qin, Zhe Lu, Christian Sanders, Jingfan Zhang, Shuchai Gan, Jinge Zhou, Xingyun Huang, Hua He, Mengxiao Yu, Hui Li, Peter I. Macreadie, Faming Wang","doi":"10.1038/s41561-025-01848-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-025-01848-4","url":null,"abstract":"Mangroves are recognized globally as important blue carbon ecosystems for mitigating climate change due to their remarkable carbon sequestration potential. However, methane emissions from these ecosystems can partially offset their net carbon burial capacity. Although methane oxidation within soils can minimize these emissions, the contribution of methane released directly through mangrove tree stems remains underexplored. Emerging evidence indicates that wetland trees may serve as conduits for soil-derived methane, potentially constituting a poorly quantified component of mangrove carbon cycling. Here we present a global quantification of methane emissions mediated by trees, leveraging field measurements, global datasets and machine learning-driven upscaling. Our analysis reveals that annual stem methane emissions total approximately 730.60 (95% CI: 586.09–876.93) gigagrams per year, offsetting sediment carbon burial by ~16.9%. When combined with soil methane emissions, stem fluxes increase the total methane budget, offsetting approximately 27.5% of blue carbon sequestration. Stem methane emissions were closely related to wood density, soil organic carbon content, salinity and soil methane flux, indicating that emissions originate primarily from mangrove sediments, with higher emissions correlated to lower wood density, lower salinity and greater wood water content. Our findings underscore the need to incorporate stem-mediated fluxes into blue carbon budgets and climate mitigation strategies. Methane emissions from mangrove tree stems offset about 17% of the carbon buried in sediments in global mangroves, highlighting the need to incorporate tree-mediated methane fluxes into blue carbon budgets, according to a global quantification of methane emissions from mangrove tree stems.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"18 12","pages":"1224-1231"},"PeriodicalIF":16.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145509120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-13DOI: 10.1038/s41561-025-01849-3
Xin Sun, Daniel McCoy, Liang Xu, Pearse J. Buchanan, Emily J. Zakem
Nitrite is a key intermediate in both aerobic and anaerobic nitrogen-cycling pathways. Although it rarely accumulates in the ocean, nitrite reaches micromolar concentrations in anoxic zones for reasons that remain unclear. Microorganisms are responsible for the production and consumption of nitrite, and their interactions are fuelled by the dynamic supply of organic substrates to anoxic waters. Here we use a mechanistic ecosystem model to study the microbial community response to such variations in the supply of organic matter over time. Our results demonstrate that nitrite-oxidizing bacteria, despite consuming nitrite, contribute to this accumulation through interactions with other microorganisms, mainly denitrifiers. Aerobic nitrite-oxidizing bacteria capitalize on the nitrite produced by nitrate-reducing denitrifiers, outcompeting and suppressing nitrite-reducing denitrifiers. Oxygen limits nitrite-oxidizing bacteria before all the nitrite is consumed, leading to nitrite accumulation. In an eddy-resolving, three-dimensional model, this shift in microbial activity in time manifests as shifts in both time and space, closely matching observed depth profiles of nitrite, its fluxes and the abundance of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria. These results reveal a mechanism driving nitrite accumulation, which maintains the standing stock of bioavailable nitrogen in anoxic zones, demonstrating that microbial interactions within fine-scale ocean currents dictate the fate of nitrogen. Despite being consumers, nitrite-oxidizing bacteria contribute to the accumulation of nitrite in marine oxygen minimum zones through interactions with other microbes, in particular denitrifiers, according to ecosystem and regional ocean modelling.
{"title":"Nitrite accumulation in marine oxygen minimum zones induced by microbial nitrite consumers","authors":"Xin Sun, Daniel McCoy, Liang Xu, Pearse J. Buchanan, Emily J. Zakem","doi":"10.1038/s41561-025-01849-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-025-01849-3","url":null,"abstract":"Nitrite is a key intermediate in both aerobic and anaerobic nitrogen-cycling pathways. Although it rarely accumulates in the ocean, nitrite reaches micromolar concentrations in anoxic zones for reasons that remain unclear. Microorganisms are responsible for the production and consumption of nitrite, and their interactions are fuelled by the dynamic supply of organic substrates to anoxic waters. Here we use a mechanistic ecosystem model to study the microbial community response to such variations in the supply of organic matter over time. Our results demonstrate that nitrite-oxidizing bacteria, despite consuming nitrite, contribute to this accumulation through interactions with other microorganisms, mainly denitrifiers. Aerobic nitrite-oxidizing bacteria capitalize on the nitrite produced by nitrate-reducing denitrifiers, outcompeting and suppressing nitrite-reducing denitrifiers. Oxygen limits nitrite-oxidizing bacteria before all the nitrite is consumed, leading to nitrite accumulation. In an eddy-resolving, three-dimensional model, this shift in microbial activity in time manifests as shifts in both time and space, closely matching observed depth profiles of nitrite, its fluxes and the abundance of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria. These results reveal a mechanism driving nitrite accumulation, which maintains the standing stock of bioavailable nitrogen in anoxic zones, demonstrating that microbial interactions within fine-scale ocean currents dictate the fate of nitrogen. Despite being consumers, nitrite-oxidizing bacteria contribute to the accumulation of nitrite in marine oxygen minimum zones through interactions with other microbes, in particular denitrifiers, according to ecosystem and regional ocean modelling.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"18 12","pages":"1273-1278"},"PeriodicalIF":16.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-025-01849-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145498347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-11DOI: 10.1038/s41561-025-01843-9
T. M. Gernon, S. Brune, T. K. Hincks, M. R. Palmer, C. J. Spencer, E. J. Watts, A. Glerum
The origin of geochemically enriched mantle in the asthenosphere is important to understanding the physical, thermal and chemical evolution of Earth’s interior. While subduction of oceanic sediments and deep mantle plumes have been implicated in this enrichment, they cannot fully explain the observed geochemical trends. Here we use geodynamic models to show that enriched mantle can be liberated from the roots of the subcontinental lithospheric mantle by highly organized convective erosion, a process tied to continental rifting and break-up. We demonstrate that this ‘chain’ of convective instabilities sweeps enriched lithospheric material into the suboceanic asthenosphere, in a predictable and quantifiable manner, over tens of millions of years—potentially faster for denser, removed keels. We test this model using geochemical data from the Indian Ocean Seamount Province, a near-continent site of enriched volcanism with minimal deep mantle plume influence. This region shows a peak in enriched mantle volcanism within 50 million years of break-up followed by a steady decline in enrichment, consistent with model predictions. We propose that persistent and long-distance lateral transport of locally metasomatized, removed keel can explain the billion-year-old enrichments in seamounts and ocean island volcanoes located off fragmented continents. Continental break-up causes a reorganization of shallow mantle dynamics that persists long after rifting, disturbing the geosphere and deep carbon cycle. Convective erosion and lateral transport of metasomatized continental keels may generate enriched mantle geochemical domains sampled by oceanic volcanism, according to a geodynamic modelling study.
{"title":"Enriched mantle generated through persistent convective erosion of continental roots","authors":"T. M. Gernon, S. Brune, T. K. Hincks, M. R. Palmer, C. J. Spencer, E. J. Watts, A. Glerum","doi":"10.1038/s41561-025-01843-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-025-01843-9","url":null,"abstract":"The origin of geochemically enriched mantle in the asthenosphere is important to understanding the physical, thermal and chemical evolution of Earth’s interior. While subduction of oceanic sediments and deep mantle plumes have been implicated in this enrichment, they cannot fully explain the observed geochemical trends. Here we use geodynamic models to show that enriched mantle can be liberated from the roots of the subcontinental lithospheric mantle by highly organized convective erosion, a process tied to continental rifting and break-up. We demonstrate that this ‘chain’ of convective instabilities sweeps enriched lithospheric material into the suboceanic asthenosphere, in a predictable and quantifiable manner, over tens of millions of years—potentially faster for denser, removed keels. We test this model using geochemical data from the Indian Ocean Seamount Province, a near-continent site of enriched volcanism with minimal deep mantle plume influence. This region shows a peak in enriched mantle volcanism within 50 million years of break-up followed by a steady decline in enrichment, consistent with model predictions. We propose that persistent and long-distance lateral transport of locally metasomatized, removed keel can explain the billion-year-old enrichments in seamounts and ocean island volcanoes located off fragmented continents. Continental break-up causes a reorganization of shallow mantle dynamics that persists long after rifting, disturbing the geosphere and deep carbon cycle. Convective erosion and lateral transport of metasomatized continental keels may generate enriched mantle geochemical domains sampled by oceanic volcanism, according to a geodynamic modelling study.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"18 12","pages":"1311-1318"},"PeriodicalIF":16.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-025-01843-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145485422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-11DOI: 10.1038/s41561-025-01842-w
Zoë A. Thomas, Haidee Cadd, Chris Turney, Lorena Becerra-Valdivia, Heather A. Haines, Chris Marjo, Christopher Fogwill, Stefanie Carter, Paul Brickle
Extratropical peatlands in the Southern Hemisphere preserve detailed information on climatic and environmental change going back millennia. They are particularly valuable for understanding the evolution of the mid-latitude southern westerly winds (SWW), which play a major role in driving regional temperature and precipitation patterns, Antarctic sea-ice extent and ocean carbon fluxes. Here we investigate the timing and drivers of peatland initiation across the southern mid-latitudes after the Last Glacial Maximum (21,000 years ago) and test how this might relate to past changes in the SWW. We radiocarbon-date basal peats from the Falkland Islands and collate published basal peat radiocarbon ages from peat-forming regions south of 35° S. Using kernel density estimate models, we find distinct latitudinal phases of post-glacial peat initiation that suggest that peat growth is sensitive to variations in SWW position through their influence on moisture availability, temperature and dust deposition. A peak in peat growth in regions north of 52.5° S during the Antarctic Cold Reversal (14,700–12,800 years ago) suggests an equatorward migration of the SWW, coinciding with a slowdown in atmospheric CO2 increases. In light of recent SWW intensification and poleward migration, our findings highlight the potential for ongoing changes in the Southern Hemisphere climate and carbon fluxes under continued anthropogenic heating. Coherent patterns in the initial growth of extratropical peatlands throughout the Southern Hemisphere during the last glacial track changes in the latitudinal position of the southern westerly winds, according to an analysis of basal peat radiocarbon ages.
{"title":"Westerly wind shifts drove Southern Hemisphere mid-latitude peat growth since the last glacial","authors":"Zoë A. Thomas, Haidee Cadd, Chris Turney, Lorena Becerra-Valdivia, Heather A. Haines, Chris Marjo, Christopher Fogwill, Stefanie Carter, Paul Brickle","doi":"10.1038/s41561-025-01842-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-025-01842-w","url":null,"abstract":"Extratropical peatlands in the Southern Hemisphere preserve detailed information on climatic and environmental change going back millennia. They are particularly valuable for understanding the evolution of the mid-latitude southern westerly winds (SWW), which play a major role in driving regional temperature and precipitation patterns, Antarctic sea-ice extent and ocean carbon fluxes. Here we investigate the timing and drivers of peatland initiation across the southern mid-latitudes after the Last Glacial Maximum (21,000 years ago) and test how this might relate to past changes in the SWW. We radiocarbon-date basal peats from the Falkland Islands and collate published basal peat radiocarbon ages from peat-forming regions south of 35° S. Using kernel density estimate models, we find distinct latitudinal phases of post-glacial peat initiation that suggest that peat growth is sensitive to variations in SWW position through their influence on moisture availability, temperature and dust deposition. A peak in peat growth in regions north of 52.5° S during the Antarctic Cold Reversal (14,700–12,800 years ago) suggests an equatorward migration of the SWW, coinciding with a slowdown in atmospheric CO2 increases. In light of recent SWW intensification and poleward migration, our findings highlight the potential for ongoing changes in the Southern Hemisphere climate and carbon fluxes under continued anthropogenic heating. Coherent patterns in the initial growth of extratropical peatlands throughout the Southern Hemisphere during the last glacial track changes in the latitudinal position of the southern westerly winds, according to an analysis of basal peat radiocarbon ages.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"18 12","pages":"1245-1251"},"PeriodicalIF":16.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-025-01842-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145485393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-07DOI: 10.1038/s41561-025-01827-9
Carolina Ortiz-Guerrero
Nature Geoscience spoke with Jonatan Lassa, a scientist working on risk and disaster governance at Earth Sciences New Zealand; Carina Farnley, an interdisciplinary scientist researching natural hazards and warning systems at University College London (UK); and Jeroen Warner, a social scientist studying disaster governance from Wageningen University (Netherlands), about how institutions, communities, and decision-making processes shape the effectiveness of natural hazard management and disaster mitigation.
{"title":"Towards effective institutional hazard management","authors":"Carolina Ortiz-Guerrero","doi":"10.1038/s41561-025-01827-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-025-01827-9","url":null,"abstract":"Nature Geoscience spoke with Jonatan Lassa, a scientist working on risk and disaster governance at Earth Sciences New Zealand; Carina Farnley, an interdisciplinary scientist researching natural hazards and warning systems at University College London (UK); and Jeroen Warner, a social scientist studying disaster governance from Wageningen University (Netherlands), about how institutions, communities, and decision-making processes shape the effectiveness of natural hazard management and disaster mitigation.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"18 11","pages":"1084-1087"},"PeriodicalIF":16.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145456852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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