Pub Date : 2024-08-20DOI: 10.1038/s41561-024-01512-3
Guopeng Liang, Artur Stefanski, William C. Eddy, Raimundo Bermudez, Rebecca A. Montgomery, Sarah E. Hobbie, Roy L. Rich, Peter B. Reich
The effects of long-term climate warming on soil respiration and its drivers remain unclear in forests, which store approximately 40% of global soil carbon. Here we conducted a climate change experiment for 13 years in forest plots planted with tree juveniles at two southern boreal forest sites. Treatments included simultaneous above- and below-ground warming (ambient, +1.7 °C and +3.3 °C) under different rainfall scenarios (100% and 60% of summer rainfall) and contrasting overstory canopy openness (open and closed). Soil respiration increased by 7% and 17% under +1.7 °C and +3.3 °C warming, respectively, averaged across all sites, treatments and years. These increases in respiration were higher than impacts per degree warming of the only two prior long-term, but soil-only, forest warming experiments. Moreover, warming effects on soil respiration varied significantly over time. Under almost all conditions, moist soil exhibited a greater increase in respiration in response to warming than dry soil. Our results suggest that a realistic range of anticipated conditions, including both above- and below-ground temperature and moisture, should be accounted for when predicting warming effects on soil respiration. Soil moisture greatly affects the response of soil respiration to warming, according to 13 years of warming experiments in a boreal forest.
{"title":"Soil respiration response to decade-long warming modulated by soil moisture in a boreal forest","authors":"Guopeng Liang, Artur Stefanski, William C. Eddy, Raimundo Bermudez, Rebecca A. Montgomery, Sarah E. Hobbie, Roy L. Rich, Peter B. Reich","doi":"10.1038/s41561-024-01512-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-024-01512-3","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of long-term climate warming on soil respiration and its drivers remain unclear in forests, which store approximately 40% of global soil carbon. Here we conducted a climate change experiment for 13 years in forest plots planted with tree juveniles at two southern boreal forest sites. Treatments included simultaneous above- and below-ground warming (ambient, +1.7 °C and +3.3 °C) under different rainfall scenarios (100% and 60% of summer rainfall) and contrasting overstory canopy openness (open and closed). Soil respiration increased by 7% and 17% under +1.7 °C and +3.3 °C warming, respectively, averaged across all sites, treatments and years. These increases in respiration were higher than impacts per degree warming of the only two prior long-term, but soil-only, forest warming experiments. Moreover, warming effects on soil respiration varied significantly over time. Under almost all conditions, moist soil exhibited a greater increase in respiration in response to warming than dry soil. Our results suggest that a realistic range of anticipated conditions, including both above- and below-ground temperature and moisture, should be accounted for when predicting warming effects on soil respiration. Soil moisture greatly affects the response of soil respiration to warming, according to 13 years of warming experiments in a boreal forest.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":15.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142007371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-20DOI: 10.1038/s41561-024-01519-w
Jonathan Toma, Robert A. Creaser, Colin Card, Dinu Pana, Andrew Dufrane, Long Li
A peak in organic carbon burial approximately 2.1–1.8 billion years ago led to the prolific growth of graphite-rich orogens internal to the supercontinent Nuna. The temporal history of graphitic carbon in such orogens, however, is poorly understood, which limits our understanding of the timescales of carbon cycling during orogenesis. Here we examine the graphitic roots of two North American (Laurentian) orogens associated with Nuna supercontinent assembly using coupled rhenium–osmium and uranium–lead dating. These are the Taltson–Snowbird orogeny, approximately 1.94–1.89 billion years ago, and the Trans-Hudson orogeny, approximately 1.84–1.72 billion years ago. The geochronology results show that the studied graphite, hosted in shear zones, predominantly reflects biogenic carbon that was hydrothermally remobilized during the final exhumation stages of orogenesis approximately 1.92–1.67 billion years ago. Our results demonstrate that graphite deposition occurred with a periodicity of 31 ± 4 million years and probably involved carbon cycling on the scale of 50 million tonnes or more over a 200 million year interval. Comparisons with other contemporaneous shear zones suggests that late-orogenic, fluid-mediated graphite deposition was common among Laurentian, and more broadly Nuna, mountain belts. These findings imply that the mass movement of graphitic carbon is an endemic feature of the orogenic cycle. Graphitic carbon was hydrothermally cycled through shear zones during late-stage orogenesis associated with Nuna supercontinent assembly, according to a coupled rhenium–osmium and uranium–lead dating study.
{"title":"Nuna supercontinent assembly linked to carbon cycling in shear zones 1.9–1.7 billion years ago","authors":"Jonathan Toma, Robert A. Creaser, Colin Card, Dinu Pana, Andrew Dufrane, Long Li","doi":"10.1038/s41561-024-01519-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-024-01519-w","url":null,"abstract":"A peak in organic carbon burial approximately 2.1–1.8 billion years ago led to the prolific growth of graphite-rich orogens internal to the supercontinent Nuna. The temporal history of graphitic carbon in such orogens, however, is poorly understood, which limits our understanding of the timescales of carbon cycling during orogenesis. Here we examine the graphitic roots of two North American (Laurentian) orogens associated with Nuna supercontinent assembly using coupled rhenium–osmium and uranium–lead dating. These are the Taltson–Snowbird orogeny, approximately 1.94–1.89 billion years ago, and the Trans-Hudson orogeny, approximately 1.84–1.72 billion years ago. The geochronology results show that the studied graphite, hosted in shear zones, predominantly reflects biogenic carbon that was hydrothermally remobilized during the final exhumation stages of orogenesis approximately 1.92–1.67 billion years ago. Our results demonstrate that graphite deposition occurred with a periodicity of 31 ± 4 million years and probably involved carbon cycling on the scale of 50 million tonnes or more over a 200 million year interval. Comparisons with other contemporaneous shear zones suggests that late-orogenic, fluid-mediated graphite deposition was common among Laurentian, and more broadly Nuna, mountain belts. These findings imply that the mass movement of graphitic carbon is an endemic feature of the orogenic cycle. Graphitic carbon was hydrothermally cycled through shear zones during late-stage orogenesis associated with Nuna supercontinent assembly, according to a coupled rhenium–osmium and uranium–lead dating study.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":15.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142007370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-20DOI: 10.1038/s41561-024-01507-0
Humid heatwaves are often limited by the onset of convective rain, such as thunderstorms. Observational reanalysis data and climate models indicate that dry air 1–3 km above the Earth’s surface can curtail convective storms, allowing humid heatwaves to intensify on the ground. This effect is likely to be exacerbated by increasing global temperatures.
{"title":"Dry air in the lower-free troposphere intensifies humid heatwaves","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s41561-024-01507-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-024-01507-0","url":null,"abstract":"Humid heatwaves are often limited by the onset of convective rain, such as thunderstorms. Observational reanalysis data and climate models indicate that dry air 1–3 km above the Earth’s surface can curtail convective storms, allowing humid heatwaves to intensify on the ground. This effect is likely to be exacerbated by increasing global temperatures.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":15.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142013754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-19DOI: 10.1038/s41561-024-01534-x
Alexander T. Bradley, Ian J. Hewitt
{"title":"Author Correction: Tipping point in ice-sheet grounding-zone melting due to ocean water intrusion","authors":"Alexander T. Bradley, Ian J. Hewitt","doi":"10.1038/s41561-024-01534-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-024-01534-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":15.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-024-01534-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142165798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-09DOI: 10.1038/s41561-024-01523-0
Authors can now choose to use Code Ocean upon submission to make the peer review of code easier.
作者现在可以在提交代码时选择使用 Code Ocean，从而使同行评审代码更加容易。
{"title":"Facilitating code peer review","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s41561-024-01523-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-024-01523-0","url":null,"abstract":"Authors can now choose to use Code Ocean upon submission to make the peer review of code easier.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":15.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-024-01523-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141910374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-09DOI: 10.1038/s41561-024-01490-6
Jennifer A. Roberts
The formation of dolomite eluded mineralogists for years. Jennifer Roberts explains why ‘the dolomite problem’ matters, and how it may now be closer to resolution.
{"title":"The problem with dolomite","authors":"Jennifer A. Roberts","doi":"10.1038/s41561-024-01490-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-024-01490-6","url":null,"abstract":"The formation of dolomite eluded mineralogists for years. Jennifer Roberts explains why ‘the dolomite problem’ matters, and how it may now be closer to resolution.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":15.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141910380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-09DOI: 10.1038/s41561-024-01482-6
Philip Stier, Susan C. van den Heever, Matthew W. Christensen, Edward Gryspeerdt, Guy Dagan, Stephen M. Saleeby, Massimo Bollasina, Leo Donner, Kerry Emanuel, Annica M. L. Ekman, Graham Feingold, Paul Field, Piers Forster, Jim Haywood, Ralph Kahn, Ilan Koren, Christian Kummerow, Tristan L’Ecuyer, Ulrike Lohmann, Yi Ming, Gunnar Myhre, Johannes Quaas, Daniel Rosenfeld, Bjorn Samset, Axel Seifert, Graeme Stephens, Wei-Kuo Tao
Aerosols have been proposed to influence precipitation rates and spatial patterns from scales of individual clouds to the globe. However, large uncertainty remains regarding the underlying mechanisms and importance of multiple effects across spatial and temporal scales. Here we review the evidence and scientific consensus behind these effects, categorized into radiative effects via modification of radiative fluxes and the energy balance, and microphysical effects via modification of cloud droplets and ice crystals. Broad consensus and strong theoretical evidence exist that aerosol radiative effects (aerosol–radiation interactions and aerosol–cloud interactions) act as drivers of precipitation changes because global mean precipitation is constrained by energetics and surface evaporation. Likewise, aerosol radiative effects cause well-documented shifts of large-scale precipitation patterns, such as the intertropical convergence zone. The extent of aerosol effects on precipitation at smaller scales is less clear. Although there is broad consensus and strong evidence that aerosol perturbations microphysically increase cloud droplet numbers and decrease droplet sizes, thereby slowing precipitation droplet formation, the overall aerosol effect on precipitation across scales remains highly uncertain. Global cloud-resolving models provide opportunities to investigate mechanisms that are currently not well represented in global climate models and to robustly connect local effects with larger scales. This will increase our confidence in predicted impacts of climate change. A consensus is emerging regarding the influence of aerosols on global precipitation patterns, although smaller-scale effects remain uncertain, according to a synthesis of recent work.
{"title":"Multifaceted aerosol effects on precipitation","authors":"Philip Stier, Susan C. van den Heever, Matthew W. Christensen, Edward Gryspeerdt, Guy Dagan, Stephen M. Saleeby, Massimo Bollasina, Leo Donner, Kerry Emanuel, Annica M. L. Ekman, Graham Feingold, Paul Field, Piers Forster, Jim Haywood, Ralph Kahn, Ilan Koren, Christian Kummerow, Tristan L’Ecuyer, Ulrike Lohmann, Yi Ming, Gunnar Myhre, Johannes Quaas, Daniel Rosenfeld, Bjorn Samset, Axel Seifert, Graeme Stephens, Wei-Kuo Tao","doi":"10.1038/s41561-024-01482-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-024-01482-6","url":null,"abstract":"Aerosols have been proposed to influence precipitation rates and spatial patterns from scales of individual clouds to the globe. However, large uncertainty remains regarding the underlying mechanisms and importance of multiple effects across spatial and temporal scales. Here we review the evidence and scientific consensus behind these effects, categorized into radiative effects via modification of radiative fluxes and the energy balance, and microphysical effects via modification of cloud droplets and ice crystals. Broad consensus and strong theoretical evidence exist that aerosol radiative effects (aerosol–radiation interactions and aerosol–cloud interactions) act as drivers of precipitation changes because global mean precipitation is constrained by energetics and surface evaporation. Likewise, aerosol radiative effects cause well-documented shifts of large-scale precipitation patterns, such as the intertropical convergence zone. The extent of aerosol effects on precipitation at smaller scales is less clear. Although there is broad consensus and strong evidence that aerosol perturbations microphysically increase cloud droplet numbers and decrease droplet sizes, thereby slowing precipitation droplet formation, the overall aerosol effect on precipitation across scales remains highly uncertain. Global cloud-resolving models provide opportunities to investigate mechanisms that are currently not well represented in global climate models and to robustly connect local effects with larger scales. This will increase our confidence in predicted impacts of climate change. A consensus is emerging regarding the influence of aerosols on global precipitation patterns, although smaller-scale effects remain uncertain, according to a synthesis of recent work.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":15.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141910373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-08DOI: 10.1038/s41561-024-01493-3
Kaspar R. Daellenbach, Jing Cai, Simo Hakala, Lubna Dada, Chao Yan, Wei Du, Lei Yao, Feixue Zheng, Jialiang Ma, Florian Ungeheuer, Alexander L. Vogel, Dominik Stolzenburg, Yufang Hao, Yongchun Liu, Federico Bianchi, Gaëlle Uzu, Jean-Luc Jaffrezo, Douglas R. Worsnop, Neil M. Donahue, Markku Kulmala
Haze in Beijing is linked to atmospherically formed secondary organic aerosol, which has been shown to be particularly harmful to human health. However, the sources and formation pathways of these secondary aerosols remain largely unknown, hindering effective pollution mitigation. Here we have quantified the sources of organic aerosol via direct near-molecular observations in central Beijing. In winter, organic aerosol pollution arises mainly from fresh solid-fuel emissions and secondary organic aerosols originating from both solid-fuel combustion and aqueous processes, probably involving multiphase chemistry with aromatic compounds. The most severe haze is linked to secondary organic aerosols originating from solid-fuel combustion, transported from the Beijing–Tianjing–Hebei Plain and rural mountainous areas west of Beijing. In summer, the increased fraction of secondary organic aerosol is dominated by aromatic emissions from the Xi’an–Shanghai–Beijing region, while the contribution of biogenic emissions remains relatively small. Overall, we identify the main sources of secondary organic aerosol affecting Beijing, which clearly extend beyond the local emissions in Beijing. Our results suggest that targeting key organic precursor emission sectors regionally may be needed to effectively mitigate organic aerosol pollution. Secondary organic aerosols in Beijing are driven by emissions from outside of the city, with seasonally different emission sources, according to molecular chemical characterization of particulate air pollution.
{"title":"Substantial contribution of transported emissions to organic aerosol in Beijing","authors":"Kaspar R. Daellenbach, Jing Cai, Simo Hakala, Lubna Dada, Chao Yan, Wei Du, Lei Yao, Feixue Zheng, Jialiang Ma, Florian Ungeheuer, Alexander L. Vogel, Dominik Stolzenburg, Yufang Hao, Yongchun Liu, Federico Bianchi, Gaëlle Uzu, Jean-Luc Jaffrezo, Douglas R. Worsnop, Neil M. Donahue, Markku Kulmala","doi":"10.1038/s41561-024-01493-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-024-01493-3","url":null,"abstract":"Haze in Beijing is linked to atmospherically formed secondary organic aerosol, which has been shown to be particularly harmful to human health. However, the sources and formation pathways of these secondary aerosols remain largely unknown, hindering effective pollution mitigation. Here we have quantified the sources of organic aerosol via direct near-molecular observations in central Beijing. In winter, organic aerosol pollution arises mainly from fresh solid-fuel emissions and secondary organic aerosols originating from both solid-fuel combustion and aqueous processes, probably involving multiphase chemistry with aromatic compounds. The most severe haze is linked to secondary organic aerosols originating from solid-fuel combustion, transported from the Beijing–Tianjing–Hebei Plain and rural mountainous areas west of Beijing. In summer, the increased fraction of secondary organic aerosol is dominated by aromatic emissions from the Xi’an–Shanghai–Beijing region, while the contribution of biogenic emissions remains relatively small. Overall, we identify the main sources of secondary organic aerosol affecting Beijing, which clearly extend beyond the local emissions in Beijing. Our results suggest that targeting key organic precursor emission sectors regionally may be needed to effectively mitigate organic aerosol pollution. Secondary organic aerosols in Beijing are driven by emissions from outside of the city, with seasonally different emission sources, according to molecular chemical characterization of particulate air pollution.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":15.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-024-01493-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141904322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-06DOI: 10.1038/s41561-024-01502-5
Nicolas Lecomte
Tracking biodiversity potential is time-sensitive under climate change, especially in the most remote areas. A new analysis fulfils a long-standing need to map the terrestrial vegetation across Antarctica — a crucial step to identify carbon and nutrient cycling hotspots.
{"title":"Unmasking Antarctica’s biodiversity","authors":"Nicolas Lecomte","doi":"10.1038/s41561-024-01502-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-024-01502-5","url":null,"abstract":"Tracking biodiversity potential is time-sensitive under climate change, especially in the most remote areas. A new analysis fulfils a long-standing need to map the terrestrial vegetation across Antarctica — a crucial step to identify carbon and nutrient cycling hotspots.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":15.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141895192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-06DOI: 10.1038/s41561-024-01492-4
Charlotte V. Walshaw, Andrew Gray, Peter T. Fretwell, Peter Convey, Matthew P. Davey, Joanne S. Johnson, Claudia Colesie
Terrestrial vegetation communities across Antarctica are characteristically sparse, presenting a challenge for mapping their occurrence using remote sensing at the continent scale. At present there is no continent-wide baseline record of Antarctic vegetation, and large-scale area estimates remain unquantified. With local vegetation distribution shifts now apparent and further predicted in response to environmental change across Antarctica, it is critical to establish a baseline to document these changes. Here we present a 10 m-resolution map of photosynthetic life in terrestrial and cryospheric habitats across the entire Antarctic continent, maritime archipelagos and islands south of 60° S. Using Sentinel-2 imagery (2017–2023) and spectral indices, we detected terrestrial green vegetation (vascular plants, bryophytes, green algae) and lichens across ice-free areas, and cryospheric green snow algae across coastal snowpacks. The detected vegetation occupies a total area of 44.2 km2, with over half contained in the South Shetland Islands, altogether contributing just 0.12% of the total ice-free area included in the analysis. Due to methodological constraints, dark-coloured lichens and cyanobacterial mats were excluded from the study. This vegetation map improves the geospatial data available for vegetation across Antarctica, and provides a tool for future conservation planning and large-scale biogeographic assessments. Satellite-based mapping of vegetation shows that photosynthetic life occupies a total area of 44.2 km2 across Antarctica.
{"title":"A satellite-derived baseline of photosynthetic life across Antarctica","authors":"Charlotte V. Walshaw, Andrew Gray, Peter T. Fretwell, Peter Convey, Matthew P. Davey, Joanne S. Johnson, Claudia Colesie","doi":"10.1038/s41561-024-01492-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-024-01492-4","url":null,"abstract":"Terrestrial vegetation communities across Antarctica are characteristically sparse, presenting a challenge for mapping their occurrence using remote sensing at the continent scale. At present there is no continent-wide baseline record of Antarctic vegetation, and large-scale area estimates remain unquantified. With local vegetation distribution shifts now apparent and further predicted in response to environmental change across Antarctica, it is critical to establish a baseline to document these changes. Here we present a 10 m-resolution map of photosynthetic life in terrestrial and cryospheric habitats across the entire Antarctic continent, maritime archipelagos and islands south of 60° S. Using Sentinel-2 imagery (2017–2023) and spectral indices, we detected terrestrial green vegetation (vascular plants, bryophytes, green algae) and lichens across ice-free areas, and cryospheric green snow algae across coastal snowpacks. The detected vegetation occupies a total area of 44.2 km2, with over half contained in the South Shetland Islands, altogether contributing just 0.12% of the total ice-free area included in the analysis. Due to methodological constraints, dark-coloured lichens and cyanobacterial mats were excluded from the study. This vegetation map improves the geospatial data available for vegetation across Antarctica, and provides a tool for future conservation planning and large-scale biogeographic assessments. Satellite-based mapping of vegetation shows that photosynthetic life occupies a total area of 44.2 km2 across Antarctica.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":15.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-024-01492-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141895476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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