Pub Date : 2025-01-06DOI: 10.1038/s41561-024-01610-2
Hana Jurikova, Claudio Garbelli, Ross Whiteford, Theodore Reeves, Gemma M. Laker, Volker Liebetrau, Marcus Gutjahr, Anton Eisenhauer, Kotryna Savickaite, Melanie J. Leng, Dawid Adam Iurino, Marco Viaretti, Adam Tomašových, Yuchen Zhang, Wen-qian Wang, G. R. Shi, Shu-zhong Shen, James W. B. Rae, Lucia Angiolini
Atmospheric CO2 is thought to play a fundamental role in Earth’s climate regulation. Yet, for much of Earth’s geological past, atmospheric CO2 has been poorly constrained, hindering our understanding of transitions between cool and warm climates. Beginning ~370 million years ago in the Late Devonian and ending ~260 million years ago in the Permian, the Late Palaeozoic Ice Age was the last major glaciation preceding the current Late Cenozoic Ice Age and possibly the most intense glaciation witnessed by complex lifeforms. From the onset of the main phase of the Late Palaeozoic Ice Age in the mid-Mississippian ~330 million years ago, the Earth is thought to have sustained glacial conditions, with continental ice accumulating in high to mid-latitudes. Here we present an 80-million-year-long boron isotope record within a proxy framework for robust quantification of CO2. Our record reveals that the main phase of the Late Palaeozoic Ice Age glaciation was maintained by prolonged low CO2, unprecedented in Earth’s history. About 294 million years ago, atmospheric CO2 rose abruptly (4-fold), releasing the Earth from its penultimate ice age and transforming the Early Permian into a warmer world. A pronounced increase in atmospheric CO2 coincided with warming at the end of the Late Palaeozoic Ice Age, according to an 80-million-year-long boron isotope CO2 proxy record.
{"title":"Rapid rise in atmospheric CO2 marked the end of the Late Palaeozoic Ice Age","authors":"Hana Jurikova, Claudio Garbelli, Ross Whiteford, Theodore Reeves, Gemma M. Laker, Volker Liebetrau, Marcus Gutjahr, Anton Eisenhauer, Kotryna Savickaite, Melanie J. Leng, Dawid Adam Iurino, Marco Viaretti, Adam Tomašových, Yuchen Zhang, Wen-qian Wang, G. R. Shi, Shu-zhong Shen, James W. B. Rae, Lucia Angiolini","doi":"10.1038/s41561-024-01610-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-024-01610-2","url":null,"abstract":"Atmospheric CO2 is thought to play a fundamental role in Earth’s climate regulation. Yet, for much of Earth’s geological past, atmospheric CO2 has been poorly constrained, hindering our understanding of transitions between cool and warm climates. Beginning ~370 million years ago in the Late Devonian and ending ~260 million years ago in the Permian, the Late Palaeozoic Ice Age was the last major glaciation preceding the current Late Cenozoic Ice Age and possibly the most intense glaciation witnessed by complex lifeforms. From the onset of the main phase of the Late Palaeozoic Ice Age in the mid-Mississippian ~330 million years ago, the Earth is thought to have sustained glacial conditions, with continental ice accumulating in high to mid-latitudes. Here we present an 80-million-year-long boron isotope record within a proxy framework for robust quantification of CO2. Our record reveals that the main phase of the Late Palaeozoic Ice Age glaciation was maintained by prolonged low CO2, unprecedented in Earth’s history. About 294 million years ago, atmospheric CO2 rose abruptly (4-fold), releasing the Earth from its penultimate ice age and transforming the Early Permian into a warmer world. A pronounced increase in atmospheric CO2 coincided with warming at the end of the Late Palaeozoic Ice Age, according to an 80-million-year-long boron isotope CO2 proxy record.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"18 1","pages":"91-97"},"PeriodicalIF":15.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-024-01610-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142929794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-06DOI: 10.1038/s41561-024-01609-9
Peter Brandt, Mareike Körner, James N. Moum, Marisa Roch, Ajit Subramaniam, Rena Czeschel, Gerd Krahmann, Marcus Dengler, Rainer Kiko
The eastern equatorial Atlantic hosts a productive marine ecosystem that depends on upward supply of nitrate, the primary limiting nutrient in this region. The annual productivity peak, indicated by elevated surface chlorophyll levels, occurs in the Northern Hemisphere summer, roughly coinciding with strengthened easterly winds. For enhanced productivity in the equatorial Atlantic, nitrate-rich water must rise into the turbulent layer above the Equatorial Undercurrent. Using data from two trans-Atlantic equatorial surveys, along with extended time series from equatorial moorings, we demonstrate how three independent wind-driven processes shape the seasonality of equatorial Atlantic productivity: (1) the nitracline shoals in response to intensifying easterly winds; (2) the depth of the Equatorial Undercurrent core, defined by maximum eastward velocity, is controlled by an annual oscillation of basin-scale standing equatorial waves; and (3) mixing intensity in the shear zone above the Equatorial Undercurrent core is governed by local and instantaneous winds. The interplay of these three mechanisms shapes a unique seasonal cycle of nutrient supply and productivity in the equatorial Atlantic, with a productivity minimum in April due to a shallow Equatorial Undercurrent and a productivity maximum in July resulting from a shallow nitracline coupled with enhanced mixing. The seasonal timing of peak primary productivity in the eastern equatorial Atlantic is a result of wind-driven processes coinciding with increased surface nitrate supply, according to transect and mooring observations.
{"title":"Seasonal productivity of the equatorial Atlantic shaped by distinct wind-driven processes","authors":"Peter Brandt, Mareike Körner, James N. Moum, Marisa Roch, Ajit Subramaniam, Rena Czeschel, Gerd Krahmann, Marcus Dengler, Rainer Kiko","doi":"10.1038/s41561-024-01609-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-024-01609-9","url":null,"abstract":"The eastern equatorial Atlantic hosts a productive marine ecosystem that depends on upward supply of nitrate, the primary limiting nutrient in this region. The annual productivity peak, indicated by elevated surface chlorophyll levels, occurs in the Northern Hemisphere summer, roughly coinciding with strengthened easterly winds. For enhanced productivity in the equatorial Atlantic, nitrate-rich water must rise into the turbulent layer above the Equatorial Undercurrent. Using data from two trans-Atlantic equatorial surveys, along with extended time series from equatorial moorings, we demonstrate how three independent wind-driven processes shape the seasonality of equatorial Atlantic productivity: (1) the nitracline shoals in response to intensifying easterly winds; (2) the depth of the Equatorial Undercurrent core, defined by maximum eastward velocity, is controlled by an annual oscillation of basin-scale standing equatorial waves; and (3) mixing intensity in the shear zone above the Equatorial Undercurrent core is governed by local and instantaneous winds. The interplay of these three mechanisms shapes a unique seasonal cycle of nutrient supply and productivity in the equatorial Atlantic, with a productivity minimum in April due to a shallow Equatorial Undercurrent and a productivity maximum in July resulting from a shallow nitracline coupled with enhanced mixing. The seasonal timing of peak primary productivity in the eastern equatorial Atlantic is a result of wind-driven processes coinciding with increased surface nitrate supply, according to transect and mooring observations.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"18 1","pages":"84-90"},"PeriodicalIF":15.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-024-01609-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142929505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-03DOI: 10.1038/s41561-024-01597-w
Peter Pfleiderer, Thomas L. Frölicher, Chahan M. Kropf, Robin D. Lamboll, Quentin Lejeune, Tiago Capela Lourenço, Fabien Maussion, Jamie W. McCaughey, Yann Quilcaille, Joeri Rogelj, Benjamin Sanderson, Lilian Schuster, Jana Sillmann, Chris Smith, Emily Theokritoff, Carl-Friedrich Schleussner
Escalating impacts of climate change underscore the risks posed by crossing potentially irreversible Earth and socioecological system thresholds and adaptation limits. However, limitations in the provision of actionable climate information may hinder an anticipatory response. Here we suggest a reversal of the traditional impact chain methodology as an end-user focused approach linking specific climate risk thresholds, including at the local level, to emissions pathways. We outline the socioeconomic and value judgement dimensions that can inform the identification of such risk thresholds. The applicability of the approach is highlighted by three examples that estimate the required CO2 emissions constraints to avoid critical levels of health-related heat risks in Berlin, fire weather in Portugal and glacier mass loss in High Mountain Asia. We argue that linking risk threshold exceedance directly to global emissions benchmarks can aid the understanding of the benefits of stringent emissions reductions for societies and local decision-makers. Providing actionable climate information requires an end-user focused approach that links specific local climate risk thresholds with global emissions pathways.
{"title":"Reversal of the impact chain for actionable climate information","authors":"Peter Pfleiderer, Thomas L. Frölicher, Chahan M. Kropf, Robin D. Lamboll, Quentin Lejeune, Tiago Capela Lourenço, Fabien Maussion, Jamie W. McCaughey, Yann Quilcaille, Joeri Rogelj, Benjamin Sanderson, Lilian Schuster, Jana Sillmann, Chris Smith, Emily Theokritoff, Carl-Friedrich Schleussner","doi":"10.1038/s41561-024-01597-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-024-01597-w","url":null,"abstract":"Escalating impacts of climate change underscore the risks posed by crossing potentially irreversible Earth and socioecological system thresholds and adaptation limits. However, limitations in the provision of actionable climate information may hinder an anticipatory response. Here we suggest a reversal of the traditional impact chain methodology as an end-user focused approach linking specific climate risk thresholds, including at the local level, to emissions pathways. We outline the socioeconomic and value judgement dimensions that can inform the identification of such risk thresholds. The applicability of the approach is highlighted by three examples that estimate the required CO2 emissions constraints to avoid critical levels of health-related heat risks in Berlin, fire weather in Portugal and glacier mass loss in High Mountain Asia. We argue that linking risk threshold exceedance directly to global emissions benchmarks can aid the understanding of the benefits of stringent emissions reductions for societies and local decision-makers. Providing actionable climate information requires an end-user focused approach that links specific local climate risk thresholds with global emissions pathways.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"18 1","pages":"10-19"},"PeriodicalIF":15.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142916834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-03DOI: 10.1038/s41561-024-01606-y
Peyman Babakhani, Andrew W. Dale, Clare Woulds, Oliver W. Moore, Ke-Qing Xiao, Lisa Curti, Caroline L. Peacock
Controls on organic carbon preservation in marine sediments remain controversial but crucial for understanding past and future climate dynamics. Here we develop a conceptual-mathematical model to determine the key processes for the preservation of organic carbon. The model considers the major processes involved in the breakdown of organic carbon, including dissolved organic carbon hydrolysis, mixing, remineralization, mineral sorption and molecular transformation. This allows redefining of burial efficiency as preservation efficiency, which considers both particulate organic carbon and mineral-phase organic carbon. We show that preservation efficiency is almost three times higher than the conventionally defined burial efficiency and reconciles predictions with global field data. Kinetic sorption and transformation are the dominant controls on organic carbon preservation. We conclude that a synergistic effect between kinetic sorption and molecular transformation (geopolymerization) creates a mineral shuttle in which mineral-phase organic carbon is protected from remineralization in the surface sediment and released at depth. The results explain why transformed organic carbon persists over long timescales and increases with depth. Kinetic sorption and transformation are primary controls on organic carbon preservation in marine sediments, according to reactive transport model simulations of the cycling and breakdown of particulate and mineral-phase organic carbon.
{"title":"Preservation of organic carbon in marine sediments sustained by sorption and transformation processes","authors":"Peyman Babakhani, Andrew W. Dale, Clare Woulds, Oliver W. Moore, Ke-Qing Xiao, Lisa Curti, Caroline L. Peacock","doi":"10.1038/s41561-024-01606-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-024-01606-y","url":null,"abstract":"Controls on organic carbon preservation in marine sediments remain controversial but crucial for understanding past and future climate dynamics. Here we develop a conceptual-mathematical model to determine the key processes for the preservation of organic carbon. The model considers the major processes involved in the breakdown of organic carbon, including dissolved organic carbon hydrolysis, mixing, remineralization, mineral sorption and molecular transformation. This allows redefining of burial efficiency as preservation efficiency, which considers both particulate organic carbon and mineral-phase organic carbon. We show that preservation efficiency is almost three times higher than the conventionally defined burial efficiency and reconciles predictions with global field data. Kinetic sorption and transformation are the dominant controls on organic carbon preservation. We conclude that a synergistic effect between kinetic sorption and molecular transformation (geopolymerization) creates a mineral shuttle in which mineral-phase organic carbon is protected from remineralization in the surface sediment and released at depth. The results explain why transformed organic carbon persists over long timescales and increases with depth. Kinetic sorption and transformation are primary controls on organic carbon preservation in marine sediments, according to reactive transport model simulations of the cycling and breakdown of particulate and mineral-phase organic carbon.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"18 1","pages":"78-83"},"PeriodicalIF":15.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-024-01606-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142916833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-03DOI: 10.1038/s41561-024-01619-7
Hubertus Fischer, Andrea Burke, James Rae, Patrick J. Sugden, Tobias Erhardt, Birthe Twarloh, Maria Hörhold, Johannes Freitag, Bradley Markle, Mirko Severi, Margareta Hansson, Joel Savarino, Helena Pryer, Emily Doyle, Eric Wolff
Productivity in the Pleistocene glacial Southern Ocean was probably enhanced owing to iron fertilization by aeolian dust. Marine sediments indicate such an increase north of the modern Antarctic Polar Front but reduced biogenic activity south of it. However, quantitative estimates for the integrated net effect are difficult to obtain. Here we use the SO42− isotopic composition and other geochemical ice core records from the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean to reconstruct net changes in integrated biogenic sulfur productivity in the surface ocean over the penultimate glacial termination. We show that biogenic SO42− aerosol contributes 58% and 85% to the sulfate budget in Dronning Maud Land during glacial and interglacial times, respectively, and that biogenic sulfate is derived predominately from the seasonal sea ice zone. Using our quantitative reconstruction of biogenic aerosol production in the Southern Ocean source region, we show that the average biogenic sulfate production integrated over the Atlantic sector was 16% higher in the penultimate glacial 137,000–153,000 years ago compared with the later Last Interglacial 120,000–125,000 years ago. An intermittent decrease in productivity observed during early peak interglacial warming suggests that a reduction in the seasonal sea ice zone may disrupt Southern Ocean ecosystems.
{"title":"Limited decrease of Southern Ocean sulfur productivity across the penultimate termination","authors":"Hubertus Fischer, Andrea Burke, James Rae, Patrick J. Sugden, Tobias Erhardt, Birthe Twarloh, Maria Hörhold, Johannes Freitag, Bradley Markle, Mirko Severi, Margareta Hansson, Joel Savarino, Helena Pryer, Emily Doyle, Eric Wolff","doi":"10.1038/s41561-024-01619-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-024-01619-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Productivity in the Pleistocene glacial Southern Ocean was probably enhanced owing to iron fertilization by aeolian dust. Marine sediments indicate such an increase north of the modern Antarctic Polar Front but reduced biogenic activity south of it. However, quantitative estimates for the integrated net effect are difficult to obtain. Here we use the SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup> isotopic composition and other geochemical ice core records from the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean to reconstruct net changes in integrated biogenic sulfur productivity in the surface ocean over the penultimate glacial termination. We show that biogenic SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup> aerosol contributes 58% and 85% to the sulfate budget in Dronning Maud Land during glacial and interglacial times, respectively, and that biogenic sulfate is derived predominately from the seasonal sea ice zone. Using our quantitative reconstruction of biogenic aerosol production in the Southern Ocean source region, we show that the average biogenic sulfate production integrated over the Atlantic sector was 16% higher in the penultimate glacial 137,000–153,000 years ago compared with the later Last Interglacial 120,000–125,000 years ago. An intermittent decrease in productivity observed during early peak interglacial warming suggests that a reduction in the seasonal sea ice zone may disrupt Southern Ocean ecosystems.</p>","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142916835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-03DOI: 10.1038/s41561-024-01614-y
Nancy L. Freitas, Katey Walter Anthony, Josefine Lenz, Rachel C. Porras, Margaret S. Torn
Thermokarst lakes cause abrupt and sustained permafrost degradation and have the potential to release large quantities of ancient carbon to the atmosphere. Despite concerns about how lakes will affect the permafrost carbon feedback, the magnitude of carbon dioxide and methane emissions from deep permafrost soils remains poorly understood. Here we incubated a very deep sediment core (20 m) to constrain the potential productivity of thawed Yedoma and underlying Quaternary sand and gravel deposits. Through radiocarbon dating, sediment incubations and sediment facies classifications, we show that extensive permafrost thaw can occur beneath lakes on timescales of decades to centuries. Although it has been assumed that shallow, aerobic carbon dioxide production will dominate the climate impact of permafrost thaw, we found that anaerobic carbon dioxide and methane production from deep sediments was commensurate with aerobic production on a per gram carbon basis, and had double the global warming potential at warmer temperatures. Carbon release from deep Arctic sediments may thus have a more substantial impact on a changing climate than currently anticipated. These environments are presently overlooked in estimates of the permafrost carbon feedback. Deep permafrost soils produce comparable amounts of greenhouse gases as shallow soils in response to warming, according to incubation experiments of deep Arctic lake sediments.
{"title":"Substantial and overlooked greenhouse gas emissions from deep Arctic lake sediment","authors":"Nancy L. Freitas, Katey Walter Anthony, Josefine Lenz, Rachel C. Porras, Margaret S. Torn","doi":"10.1038/s41561-024-01614-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-024-01614-y","url":null,"abstract":"Thermokarst lakes cause abrupt and sustained permafrost degradation and have the potential to release large quantities of ancient carbon to the atmosphere. Despite concerns about how lakes will affect the permafrost carbon feedback, the magnitude of carbon dioxide and methane emissions from deep permafrost soils remains poorly understood. Here we incubated a very deep sediment core (20 m) to constrain the potential productivity of thawed Yedoma and underlying Quaternary sand and gravel deposits. Through radiocarbon dating, sediment incubations and sediment facies classifications, we show that extensive permafrost thaw can occur beneath lakes on timescales of decades to centuries. Although it has been assumed that shallow, aerobic carbon dioxide production will dominate the climate impact of permafrost thaw, we found that anaerobic carbon dioxide and methane production from deep sediments was commensurate with aerobic production on a per gram carbon basis, and had double the global warming potential at warmer temperatures. Carbon release from deep Arctic sediments may thus have a more substantial impact on a changing climate than currently anticipated. These environments are presently overlooked in estimates of the permafrost carbon feedback. Deep permafrost soils produce comparable amounts of greenhouse gases as shallow soils in response to warming, according to incubation experiments of deep Arctic lake sediments.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"18 1","pages":"65-71"},"PeriodicalIF":15.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-024-01614-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142916871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-02DOI: 10.1038/s41561-024-01608-w
Momei Qin, Yongliang She, Ming Wang, Hongli Wang, Yunhua Chang, Zhaofeng Tan, Jingyu An, Jian Huang, Zibing Yuan, Jun Lu, Qian Wang, Cong Liu, Zhenxin Liu, Xiaodong Xie, Jingyi Li, Hong Liao, Havala O. T. Pye, Cheng Huang, Song Guo, Min Hu, Yuanhang Zhang, Daniel J. Jacob, Jianlin Hu
Urban ozone (O3) pollution correlates with temperature, and higher O3 often occurs during heatwaves, threatening public health. However, limited data on how anthropogenic volatile organic compound (AVOC) precursor emissions vary with temperature hinders understanding their impact on O3. Here we show that the increase in non-combustion AVOC emissions (for example, from volatile chemical products) during a heatwave in Shanghai contributes significantly to increased O3, on the basis of ambient measurements, emissions testing and air quality modelling. AVOC concentrations increase ~twofold when the temperature increases from 25 °C to 35 °C due to air stagnation and increased emissions. During the heatwave, higher concentrations result in an 82% increase in VOC OH reactivity. Air quality simulations reveal that temperature-driven AVOC emissions increases account for 8% (1.6 s–1) of this reactivity increase and enhance O3 by 4.6 ppb. Moreover, we predict a more profound (twofold) increase in OH reactivity of oxygenated VOCs, facilitating radical production and O3 formation. Enhanced AVOC emissions trigger O3 enhancements in large cities in East China during a heatwave, and similar effects may also happen in other AVOC-sensitive megacities globally. Reducing AVOC emissions, particularly non-combustion sources, which are currently less understood and regulated, could mitigate potential O3 pollution in urban environments during heatwaves. Ozone pollution is enhanced by increased non-combustion anthropogenic volatile organic compound emissions during heatwaves, according to atmospheric measurements and modelling of ozone concentrations in a heatwave in Shanghai.
{"title":"Increased urban ozone in heatwaves due to temperature-induced emissions of anthropogenic volatile organic compounds","authors":"Momei Qin, Yongliang She, Ming Wang, Hongli Wang, Yunhua Chang, Zhaofeng Tan, Jingyu An, Jian Huang, Zibing Yuan, Jun Lu, Qian Wang, Cong Liu, Zhenxin Liu, Xiaodong Xie, Jingyi Li, Hong Liao, Havala O. T. Pye, Cheng Huang, Song Guo, Min Hu, Yuanhang Zhang, Daniel J. Jacob, Jianlin Hu","doi":"10.1038/s41561-024-01608-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-024-01608-w","url":null,"abstract":"Urban ozone (O3) pollution correlates with temperature, and higher O3 often occurs during heatwaves, threatening public health. However, limited data on how anthropogenic volatile organic compound (AVOC) precursor emissions vary with temperature hinders understanding their impact on O3. Here we show that the increase in non-combustion AVOC emissions (for example, from volatile chemical products) during a heatwave in Shanghai contributes significantly to increased O3, on the basis of ambient measurements, emissions testing and air quality modelling. AVOC concentrations increase ~twofold when the temperature increases from 25 °C to 35 °C due to air stagnation and increased emissions. During the heatwave, higher concentrations result in an 82% increase in VOC OH reactivity. Air quality simulations reveal that temperature-driven AVOC emissions increases account for 8% (1.6 s–1) of this reactivity increase and enhance O3 by 4.6 ppb. Moreover, we predict a more profound (twofold) increase in OH reactivity of oxygenated VOCs, facilitating radical production and O3 formation. Enhanced AVOC emissions trigger O3 enhancements in large cities in East China during a heatwave, and similar effects may also happen in other AVOC-sensitive megacities globally. Reducing AVOC emissions, particularly non-combustion sources, which are currently less understood and regulated, could mitigate potential O3 pollution in urban environments during heatwaves. Ozone pollution is enhanced by increased non-combustion anthropogenic volatile organic compound emissions during heatwaves, according to atmospheric measurements and modelling of ozone concentrations in a heatwave in Shanghai.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"18 1","pages":"50-56"},"PeriodicalIF":15.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142911921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-27DOI: 10.1038/s41561-024-01622-y
Rebecca A. Lybrand
Chemical, physical and biological forces all act to weather minerals. Rebecca Lybrand explores how mineral transformations are ubiquitous in the environment and in our daily lives.
{"title":"Stories of mineral transformation","authors":"Rebecca A. Lybrand","doi":"10.1038/s41561-024-01622-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-024-01622-y","url":null,"abstract":"Chemical, physical and biological forces all act to weather minerals. Rebecca Lybrand explores how mineral transformations are ubiquitous in the environment and in our daily lives.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"18 1","pages":"7-7"},"PeriodicalIF":15.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142888403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-19DOI: 10.1038/s41561-024-01615-x
Danita S. Brandt
{"title":"A case for pronunciation guides for place names in scientific publications","authors":"Danita S. Brandt","doi":"10.1038/s41561-024-01615-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-024-01615-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"18 1","pages":"2-2"},"PeriodicalIF":15.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142849633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-18DOI: 10.1038/s41561-024-01625-9
Rachel E. Bernard, Emily H. G. Cooperdock
{"title":"Author Correction: No progress on diversity in 40 years","authors":"Rachel E. Bernard, Emily H. G. Cooperdock","doi":"10.1038/s41561-024-01625-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-024-01625-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"18 1","pages":"106-106"},"PeriodicalIF":15.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-024-01625-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142840866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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