Pub Date : 2026-01-08DOI: 10.1038/s41561-025-01900-3
{"title":"Cyclone-induced cooling is weaker than suggested by previous estimates","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s41561-025-01900-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-025-01900-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145937554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-08DOI: 10.1038/s41561-025-01888-w
Pauline Le Coq, Urania Christaki, France Van Wambeke, Elisabeth Chevillon, Bruno Zakardjian, Marc Garel, Sophie Guasco, Chloé M. J. Baumas, Anne E. Dekas, Patricia Bonin, Badr Al Ali, Maéva Gesson, Frédéric Le Moigne, Mireille Pujo-Pay, Olivier Crispi, Olivier Grosso, Thierry Moutin, Nagib Bhairy, Emmanuel de Saint Léger, Laurent Memery, Lionel Guidi, Fabrice Armougom, Hans-Peter Grossart, Christian Tamburini
The mesopelagic zone, between 100 m and 1,000 m depth, is a crucial layer in which carbon preliminary coming down from the surface is transformed before a portion makes it into the deep ocean. While eddies and their fronts influence surface productivity and carbon export, their effects deeper in the water column remain poorly understood. Here we show the importance and contribution of dark carbon fixation—the conversion of inorganic into organic carbon by prokaryotes—across five contrasting hydrological features in the North Atlantic, using isotopic tracers and quantification of chemoautotrophy genes. The approach allows simultaneous assessment of dark carbon fixation and heterotrophic activity of prokaryotes living suspended in seawater and attached to gravitationally settling particles. Our results highlight that heterotrophic prokaryotes attached to sinking particles contribute up to 21% of the total organic carbon required to sustain prokaryotic metabolism under the influence of eddy fronts. By contrast, dark carbon fixation by suspended prokaryotes can contribute up to half of the total carbon input to the mesopelagic zone in the cyclonic eddy. Our findings challenge the idea that carbon cycling in the mid-depth ocean is uniform and highlight the need to integrate microbial fractions and physical heterogeneity into ocean carbon models.
{"title":"Distinct contributions of suspended and sinking prokaryotes to mesopelagic carbon budget","authors":"Pauline Le Coq, Urania Christaki, France Van Wambeke, Elisabeth Chevillon, Bruno Zakardjian, Marc Garel, Sophie Guasco, Chloé M. J. Baumas, Anne E. Dekas, Patricia Bonin, Badr Al Ali, Maéva Gesson, Frédéric Le Moigne, Mireille Pujo-Pay, Olivier Crispi, Olivier Grosso, Thierry Moutin, Nagib Bhairy, Emmanuel de Saint Léger, Laurent Memery, Lionel Guidi, Fabrice Armougom, Hans-Peter Grossart, Christian Tamburini","doi":"10.1038/s41561-025-01888-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-025-01888-w","url":null,"abstract":"The mesopelagic zone, between 100 m and 1,000 m depth, is a crucial layer in which carbon preliminary coming down from the surface is transformed before a portion makes it into the deep ocean. While eddies and their fronts influence surface productivity and carbon export, their effects deeper in the water column remain poorly understood. Here we show the importance and contribution of dark carbon fixation—the conversion of inorganic into organic carbon by prokaryotes—across five contrasting hydrological features in the North Atlantic, using isotopic tracers and quantification of chemoautotrophy genes. The approach allows simultaneous assessment of dark carbon fixation and heterotrophic activity of prokaryotes living suspended in seawater and attached to gravitationally settling particles. Our results highlight that heterotrophic prokaryotes attached to sinking particles contribute up to 21% of the total organic carbon required to sustain prokaryotic metabolism under the influence of eddy fronts. By contrast, dark carbon fixation by suspended prokaryotes can contribute up to half of the total carbon input to the mesopelagic zone in the cyclonic eddy. Our findings challenge the idea that carbon cycling in the mid-depth ocean is uniform and highlight the need to integrate microbial fractions and physical heterogeneity into ocean carbon models.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145919995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-08DOI: 10.1038/s41561-025-01879-x
Shoude Guan, Mengya Huang, Wenju Cai, Zhengguang Zhang, I-I Lin, Hyun-Sook Kim, Lei Zhou, Xiaopei Lin, Zhao Xu, Fei-Fei Jin, Wei Mei, Qian Wang, Chun Zhou, Ze Meng, Jiwei Tian, Wei Zhao
Sea surface temperature directly beneath tropical cyclones is crucial for their intensification. In the long term, global warming heats the surface oceans, intensifying tropical cyclones, whereas concurrently with a cyclone, inner-core surface cooling is induced by the cyclone itself curtailing its intensification. However, the magnitude of cyclone-induced cooling, or the trend in storm-local sea surface temperature, remains uncertain. Here we provide a quantification using global surface drifter data from 1992 to 2021. We find that storm-local sea surface temperatures are rising at 0.29 ± 0.07 °C per decade—about twice the average rate in tropical cyclone-active regions despite enhanced cyclone-induced cooling; furthermore, the magnitude of cyclone-induced inner-core cooling is far smaller than previous estimates. The inner-core cooling measured by drifters is −0.68 ± 0.04 °C, substantially less than microwave satellite estimates (−1.05 ± 0.06 °C). State-of-the-art climate models tend to overestimate inner-core cooling while underestimating storm intensity. These findings offer observational benchmarks for models and suggest that current projections may underestimate the strength, frequency and impacts of major tropical cyclones.
{"title":"Weak self-induced cooling of tropical cyclones amid fast sea surface warming","authors":"Shoude Guan, Mengya Huang, Wenju Cai, Zhengguang Zhang, I-I Lin, Hyun-Sook Kim, Lei Zhou, Xiaopei Lin, Zhao Xu, Fei-Fei Jin, Wei Mei, Qian Wang, Chun Zhou, Ze Meng, Jiwei Tian, Wei Zhao","doi":"10.1038/s41561-025-01879-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-025-01879-x","url":null,"abstract":"Sea surface temperature directly beneath tropical cyclones is crucial for their intensification. In the long term, global warming heats the surface oceans, intensifying tropical cyclones, whereas concurrently with a cyclone, inner-core surface cooling is induced by the cyclone itself curtailing its intensification. However, the magnitude of cyclone-induced cooling, or the trend in storm-local sea surface temperature, remains uncertain. Here we provide a quantification using global surface drifter data from 1992 to 2021. We find that storm-local sea surface temperatures are rising at 0.29 ± 0.07 °C per decade—about twice the average rate in tropical cyclone-active regions despite enhanced cyclone-induced cooling; furthermore, the magnitude of cyclone-induced inner-core cooling is far smaller than previous estimates. The inner-core cooling measured by drifters is −0.68 ± 0.04 °C, substantially less than microwave satellite estimates (−1.05 ± 0.06 °C). State-of-the-art climate models tend to overestimate inner-core cooling while underestimating storm intensity. These findings offer observational benchmarks for models and suggest that current projections may underestimate the strength, frequency and impacts of major tropical cyclones.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145919994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-07DOI: 10.1038/s41561-025-01878-y
Flavia Boscolo-Galazzo, Victoria E. Taylor, Eirik V. Galaasen, Diederik Liebrand, Edward Gasson, Edoardo Dallanave, Alvaro Fernandez-Bremer, Jakub Witkowski, Steve M. Bohaty, A. Nele Meckler
Our understanding of the long-term behaviour of global climate and the Antarctic ice sheet relies heavily on the oxygen isotopic composition of marine calcite (δ 18 O calcite ), which reflects a combination of ocean temperature and the amount of water stored in ice sheets. On the basis of δ 18 O calcite , the Antarctic ice sheet has been interpreted as extremely dynamic in the Oligocene, 34–23 million years ago. Yet, the proposed continental-scale ice volume changes are challenging to reproduce with models and may be overestimated owing to a larger influence of temperature on the deep-sea δ 18 O calcite than previously assumed. Here we present the first Oligocene record of orbital variability in deep ocean temperature based on benthic foraminiferal clumped isotope thermometry, a method affected only by temperature and independent of seawater chemistry. We find large, eccentricity-paced temperature variations of up to 4 °C, sufficient to explain the δ 18 O calcite cycles without requiring continental-scale ice volume changes. This finding is consistent with the simulated stability of the Antarctic ice sheet, highlighting the importance of robust independent temperature reconstructions. Our results show that the temperature in the deep Southern Ocean, and possibly globally, is highly sensitive to the seasonal distribution of insolation in an Oligocene-like climate state warmer than today.
{"title":"Oligocene deep ocean oxygen isotope variations primarily driven by temperature","authors":"Flavia Boscolo-Galazzo, Victoria E. Taylor, Eirik V. Galaasen, Diederik Liebrand, Edward Gasson, Edoardo Dallanave, Alvaro Fernandez-Bremer, Jakub Witkowski, Steve M. Bohaty, A. Nele Meckler","doi":"10.1038/s41561-025-01878-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-025-01878-y","url":null,"abstract":"Our understanding of the long-term behaviour of global climate and the Antarctic ice sheet relies heavily on the oxygen isotopic composition of marine calcite (δ <jats:sup>18</jats:sup> O <jats:sub>calcite</jats:sub> ), which reflects a combination of ocean temperature and the amount of water stored in ice sheets. On the basis of δ <jats:sup>18</jats:sup> O <jats:sub>calcite</jats:sub> , the Antarctic ice sheet has been interpreted as extremely dynamic in the Oligocene, 34–23 million years ago. Yet, the proposed continental-scale ice volume changes are challenging to reproduce with models and may be overestimated owing to a larger influence of temperature on the deep-sea δ <jats:sup>18</jats:sup> O <jats:sub>calcite</jats:sub> than previously assumed. Here we present the first Oligocene record of orbital variability in deep ocean temperature based on benthic foraminiferal clumped isotope thermometry, a method affected only by temperature and independent of seawater chemistry. We find large, eccentricity-paced temperature variations of up to 4 °C, sufficient to explain the δ <jats:sup>18</jats:sup> O <jats:sub>calcite</jats:sub> cycles without requiring continental-scale ice volume changes. This finding is consistent with the simulated stability of the Antarctic ice sheet, highlighting the importance of robust independent temperature reconstructions. Our results show that the temperature in the deep Southern Ocean, and possibly globally, is highly sensitive to the seasonal distribution of insolation in an Oligocene-like climate state warmer than today.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"87 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145908118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-07DOI: 10.1038/s41561-025-01884-0
Tom Gleeson, Takahiro Endo, Makoto Taniguchi, Giuliano Di Baldassarre
Groundwater is the largest freshwater resource, supporting drinking water, irrigation and ecosystems. As natural hazards intensify and intertwine with social, political and economic challenges, short-term groundwater use is emerging as a low-cost, rapid and distributed response strategy. Here we discuss how groundwater can be used strategically during and after hazard events while safeguarding long-term sustainability. Examples of earthquake, wildfire, flood and drought events in different regions highlight the potential value of temporarily using existing wells, pumps and aquifers. However, shifts in mindsets, policies and planning are urgently needed, along with interdisciplinary and equity-focused approaches that draw on disaster sociology, environmental justice, sustainability science and sociohydrology. Examples of policy direction and thought leadership from around the world show how groundwater use is emerging across diverse hazard contexts, which could be amplified by future interdisciplinary, equity-focused research. The use of groundwater can help mitigate the impacts of natural disasters, thereby increasing the resilience of communities during and after events, according to a synthesis of hydrology and disaster response research.
{"title":"Natural hazard susceptibilities and inequities reduced by short-term groundwater use","authors":"Tom Gleeson, Takahiro Endo, Makoto Taniguchi, Giuliano Di Baldassarre","doi":"10.1038/s41561-025-01884-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-025-01884-0","url":null,"abstract":"Groundwater is the largest freshwater resource, supporting drinking water, irrigation and ecosystems. As natural hazards intensify and intertwine with social, political and economic challenges, short-term groundwater use is emerging as a low-cost, rapid and distributed response strategy. Here we discuss how groundwater can be used strategically during and after hazard events while safeguarding long-term sustainability. Examples of earthquake, wildfire, flood and drought events in different regions highlight the potential value of temporarily using existing wells, pumps and aquifers. However, shifts in mindsets, policies and planning are urgently needed, along with interdisciplinary and equity-focused approaches that draw on disaster sociology, environmental justice, sustainability science and sociohydrology. Examples of policy direction and thought leadership from around the world show how groundwater use is emerging across diverse hazard contexts, which could be amplified by future interdisciplinary, equity-focused research. The use of groundwater can help mitigate the impacts of natural disasters, thereby increasing the resilience of communities during and after events, according to a synthesis of hydrology and disaster response research.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"19 1","pages":"12-18"},"PeriodicalIF":16.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145908120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-06DOI: 10.1038/s41561-025-01883-1
Zi-Heng Li, Zhong-Qiang Chen, Stuart J. Daines, Feifei Zhang, Timothy M. Lenton
{"title":"Periodic ocean oxygenation events during the mid-Ediacaran","authors":"Zi-Heng Li, Zhong-Qiang Chen, Stuart J. Daines, Feifei Zhang, Timothy M. Lenton","doi":"10.1038/s41561-025-01883-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-025-01883-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145902920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-05DOI: 10.1038/s41561-025-01875-1
Guanyu Dong, Fei Jiang, Yongguang Zhang, Weimin Ju, Shilong Piao, Philippe Ciais, Wouter Peters, Ingrid T. Luijkx, Junjie Liu, Frédéric Chevallier, Ning Zeng, Xiangjun Tian, Shamil Maksyutov, Oliver Sonnentag, M. Altaf Arain, Alan G. Barr, Yuanyuan Huang, Chao Yue, Wenping Yuan, Liangyun Liu, Lei Fan, Xu Yue, Jingfeng Xiao, Xing Li, Stephen Sitch, Pierre Friedlingstein, Michael O’Sullivan, Jürgen Knauer, Vivek Arora, Daniel Kennedy, Lei Ma, Peter E. Thornton, Roland Séférian, Tobias Nützel, Jens Heinke, Qing Sun, Sönke Zaehle, Philippe Peylin, Etsushi Kato, Haley Alcock, Bruno Lecavalier, Mousong Wu, Jun Wang, Lingyu Zhang, Guoyuan Lv, Yuanyuan Zhang, Dayang Zhao, Jing M. Chen
{"title":"Canadian net forest CO2 uptake enhanced by heat drought via reduced respiration","authors":"Guanyu Dong, Fei Jiang, Yongguang Zhang, Weimin Ju, Shilong Piao, Philippe Ciais, Wouter Peters, Ingrid T. Luijkx, Junjie Liu, Frédéric Chevallier, Ning Zeng, Xiangjun Tian, Shamil Maksyutov, Oliver Sonnentag, M. Altaf Arain, Alan G. Barr, Yuanyuan Huang, Chao Yue, Wenping Yuan, Liangyun Liu, Lei Fan, Xu Yue, Jingfeng Xiao, Xing Li, Stephen Sitch, Pierre Friedlingstein, Michael O’Sullivan, Jürgen Knauer, Vivek Arora, Daniel Kennedy, Lei Ma, Peter E. Thornton, Roland Séférian, Tobias Nützel, Jens Heinke, Qing Sun, Sönke Zaehle, Philippe Peylin, Etsushi Kato, Haley Alcock, Bruno Lecavalier, Mousong Wu, Jun Wang, Lingyu Zhang, Guoyuan Lv, Yuanyuan Zhang, Dayang Zhao, Jing M. Chen","doi":"10.1038/s41561-025-01875-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-025-01875-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145903506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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