Pub Date : 2025-11-06DOI: 10.1038/s41893-025-01684-9
Xinming Nie, Shijian Wang, Hao Liu
Aqueous zinc batteries, with intrinsic safety and low cost, struggle at low temperatures primarily because their water-based electrolytes freeze. Now a dual-salt electrolyte design enables stable battery operation even at −40 °C.
{"title":"Aqueous batteries beating the cold","authors":"Xinming Nie, Shijian Wang, Hao Liu","doi":"10.1038/s41893-025-01684-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41893-025-01684-9","url":null,"abstract":"Aqueous zinc batteries, with intrinsic safety and low cost, struggle at low temperatures primarily because their water-based electrolytes freeze. Now a dual-salt electrolyte design enables stable battery operation even at −40 °C.","PeriodicalId":19056,"journal":{"name":"Nature Sustainability","volume":"8 11","pages":"1244-1245"},"PeriodicalIF":27.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145547320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-06DOI: 10.1038/s41893-025-01682-x
Peter I. Macreadie, Tanveer M. Adyel
{"title":"Plastics disposal as a climate decision","authors":"Peter I. Macreadie, Tanveer M. Adyel","doi":"10.1038/s41893-025-01682-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41893-025-01682-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19056,"journal":{"name":"Nature Sustainability","volume":"8 12","pages":"1425-1425"},"PeriodicalIF":27.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145772786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-05DOI: 10.1038/s41893-025-01629-2
Haruko M. Wainwright, Kate Whiteaker, Hansell Gonzalez-Raymat, Miles E. Denham, Ian L. Pegg, Daniel I. Kaplan, Nikolla P. Qafoku, David Wilson, Shelly Wilson, Carol A. Eddy-Dilek
Nuclear energy has an important role in the low-carbon energy transition, but the safety of spent nuclear fuel (SNF) management remains a public concern. Here we investigate the interplay between waste management strategies and their environmental impacts with a particular focus on a highly mobile and persistent radionuclide, iodine-129 (I-129), which is the dominant risk contributor from SNF disposal and at existing groundwater contamination sites. The results show that the current recycling practice releases more than 90% of I-129 in SNF into the present-day biosphere using an isotropic dilution strategy, whereas the direct disposal of SNF in geological repositories is likely to delay and reduce the release by 8 orders of magnitude. In addition, our data synthesis of surface water concentrations near four nuclear facilities shows that the release-dilution strategy results in lower concentrations than regulatory standards, while insufficient waste isolation in the past has resulted in locally high concentrations within one site. Our analysis suggests that it is essential to consider effluents more explicitly as a part of the waste, that as society moves from dilution to isolation of waste, the potential risks of waste isolation to local regions should be carefully evaluated, and that excessive burdens of proof could hinder or discourage waste isolation. Comprehensive waste management strategies—considering not just volume but also mobility, isolation technologies and ultimate fates—are needed for persistent contaminants. This study offers valuable insights for optimizing the management of SNF and other persistent contaminants. Safe disposal of spent nuclear fuel (SNF) is a prerequisite for the development of nuclear power but remains challenging. This study reveals the interplay between SNF management strategies and their environmental impacts with a particular focus on iodine-129, a highly mobile, persistent and dominant risk contributor.
{"title":"The iodine-129 paradox in nuclear waste management strategies","authors":"Haruko M. Wainwright, Kate Whiteaker, Hansell Gonzalez-Raymat, Miles E. Denham, Ian L. Pegg, Daniel I. Kaplan, Nikolla P. Qafoku, David Wilson, Shelly Wilson, Carol A. Eddy-Dilek","doi":"10.1038/s41893-025-01629-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41893-025-01629-2","url":null,"abstract":"Nuclear energy has an important role in the low-carbon energy transition, but the safety of spent nuclear fuel (SNF) management remains a public concern. Here we investigate the interplay between waste management strategies and their environmental impacts with a particular focus on a highly mobile and persistent radionuclide, iodine-129 (I-129), which is the dominant risk contributor from SNF disposal and at existing groundwater contamination sites. The results show that the current recycling practice releases more than 90% of I-129 in SNF into the present-day biosphere using an isotropic dilution strategy, whereas the direct disposal of SNF in geological repositories is likely to delay and reduce the release by 8 orders of magnitude. In addition, our data synthesis of surface water concentrations near four nuclear facilities shows that the release-dilution strategy results in lower concentrations than regulatory standards, while insufficient waste isolation in the past has resulted in locally high concentrations within one site. Our analysis suggests that it is essential to consider effluents more explicitly as a part of the waste, that as society moves from dilution to isolation of waste, the potential risks of waste isolation to local regions should be carefully evaluated, and that excessive burdens of proof could hinder or discourage waste isolation. Comprehensive waste management strategies—considering not just volume but also mobility, isolation technologies and ultimate fates—are needed for persistent contaminants. This study offers valuable insights for optimizing the management of SNF and other persistent contaminants. Safe disposal of spent nuclear fuel (SNF) is a prerequisite for the development of nuclear power but remains challenging. This study reveals the interplay between SNF management strategies and their environmental impacts with a particular focus on iodine-129, a highly mobile, persistent and dominant risk contributor.","PeriodicalId":19056,"journal":{"name":"Nature Sustainability","volume":"8 11","pages":"1391-1399"},"PeriodicalIF":27.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145547317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-05DOI: 10.1038/s41893-025-01670-1
Jan Streeck, Johan Andrés Veléz-Henao, Jarmo S. Kikstra, Shonali Pachauri, Jihoon Min, Fridolin Krausmann, Helmut Haberl, Stefan Pauliuk, Tommaso Zaini, Dominik Wiedenhofer
Global inequalities in resource use leave billions below decent living standards (DLS)—a proposal of universal minimum service levels required to meet essential human needs. Although research has examined the energy use and greenhouse gas emission implications of achieving universal DLS, little is known about the necessary expansion of societies’ material stocks in buildings, infrastructure and machinery. Here we estimate that closing global DLS gaps would require an increase of approximately 12% in the existing material stocks of society, if efforts to expand these stocks are devoted exclusively to meet DLS. At current construction rates, this could be accomplished by 2030. However, if historical trends of unequal growth of material stocks driven by demands beyond DLS persist, the material stock requirements for DLS could increase tenfold, risking the achievement of sustainable development and climate change mitigation goals. To achieve DLS for all while limiting environmental pressures, it is essential to prioritize expansion of material stocks for closing DLS gaps and to critically asses stock expansion for demands beyond DLS—especially in affluent regions. Such a strategy could ensure universal DLS at more sustainable resource use levels. Billions still lack decent living standards (DLS), yet it is not known how much growth in material stocks for buildings, infrastructure and machinery will be required to meet these needs. This study estimates that increasing the material stocks by 12% would suffice to achieve DLS for all, achievable by 2030.
{"title":"Small increases in material stocks to achieve decent living standards globally","authors":"Jan Streeck, Johan Andrés Veléz-Henao, Jarmo S. Kikstra, Shonali Pachauri, Jihoon Min, Fridolin Krausmann, Helmut Haberl, Stefan Pauliuk, Tommaso Zaini, Dominik Wiedenhofer","doi":"10.1038/s41893-025-01670-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41893-025-01670-1","url":null,"abstract":"Global inequalities in resource use leave billions below decent living standards (DLS)—a proposal of universal minimum service levels required to meet essential human needs. Although research has examined the energy use and greenhouse gas emission implications of achieving universal DLS, little is known about the necessary expansion of societies’ material stocks in buildings, infrastructure and machinery. Here we estimate that closing global DLS gaps would require an increase of approximately 12% in the existing material stocks of society, if efforts to expand these stocks are devoted exclusively to meet DLS. At current construction rates, this could be accomplished by 2030. However, if historical trends of unequal growth of material stocks driven by demands beyond DLS persist, the material stock requirements for DLS could increase tenfold, risking the achievement of sustainable development and climate change mitigation goals. To achieve DLS for all while limiting environmental pressures, it is essential to prioritize expansion of material stocks for closing DLS gaps and to critically asses stock expansion for demands beyond DLS—especially in affluent regions. Such a strategy could ensure universal DLS at more sustainable resource use levels. Billions still lack decent living standards (DLS), yet it is not known how much growth in material stocks for buildings, infrastructure and machinery will be required to meet these needs. This study estimates that increasing the material stocks by 12% would suffice to achieve DLS for all, achievable by 2030.","PeriodicalId":19056,"journal":{"name":"Nature Sustainability","volume":"8 12","pages":"1567-1581"},"PeriodicalIF":27.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41893-025-01670-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145772840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-03DOI: 10.1038/s41893-025-01644-3
Jingran Zhang, Fang Wang, Zhao Jia Ting, Weiguo Dong, Shaojun Zhang, Ye Wu, Chris P. Nielsen, Ming Zhao, Jiming Hao, Michael B. McElroy
Sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) is a promising decarbonization solution for aviation, but its adoption remains below 1% due to high cost. As municipal solid waste (MSW) continues to grow and sustainable disposal remains challenging, converting MSW into SAF offers an attractive pathway to align the goals of zero-waste cities and carbon-neutral aviation, given its reliable availability, low emissions and low cost. Here we evaluate MSW as feedstock for SAF production via industrial-scale gasification and Fischer–Tropsch synthesis data. The life cycle assessment indicates that MSW-based SAF can reduce greenhouse gas intensity by 80–90% compared with conventional jet fuel, with gasification being the primary technical challenge. Incorporating green hydrogen further enhances mitigation, reducing emissions by up to 50% and enabling a reduction of over 170 kg of CO2 per tonne of processed MSW. Globally, MSW-based SAF production could exceed 50 Mt yr−1 (62.5 billion litres), offering a 16% reduction in aviation greenhouse gas emissions. In Europe, the estimated 5.4 Mt yr−1 SAF capacity from this study exceeds the European Union blending mandate and complies with its restriction to non-food and feed feedstocks. Economic analysis indicates that using SAF to meet Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA) targets can lead to substantial cost savings, particularly when subsidies are available. Municipal solid waste (MSW) could power sustainable aviation fuel (SAF), but costs and technical hurdles such as gasification hinder its adoption. A study now shows that MSW can be turned into SAF with 80–90% lower lifecycle emissions while offering a 16% reduction in aviation greenhouse gas emissions.
{"title":"Powering air travel with jet fuel derived from municipal solid waste","authors":"Jingran Zhang, Fang Wang, Zhao Jia Ting, Weiguo Dong, Shaojun Zhang, Ye Wu, Chris P. Nielsen, Ming Zhao, Jiming Hao, Michael B. McElroy","doi":"10.1038/s41893-025-01644-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41893-025-01644-3","url":null,"abstract":"Sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) is a promising decarbonization solution for aviation, but its adoption remains below 1% due to high cost. As municipal solid waste (MSW) continues to grow and sustainable disposal remains challenging, converting MSW into SAF offers an attractive pathway to align the goals of zero-waste cities and carbon-neutral aviation, given its reliable availability, low emissions and low cost. Here we evaluate MSW as feedstock for SAF production via industrial-scale gasification and Fischer–Tropsch synthesis data. The life cycle assessment indicates that MSW-based SAF can reduce greenhouse gas intensity by 80–90% compared with conventional jet fuel, with gasification being the primary technical challenge. Incorporating green hydrogen further enhances mitigation, reducing emissions by up to 50% and enabling a reduction of over 170 kg of CO2 per tonne of processed MSW. Globally, MSW-based SAF production could exceed 50 Mt yr−1 (62.5 billion litres), offering a 16% reduction in aviation greenhouse gas emissions. In Europe, the estimated 5.4 Mt yr−1 SAF capacity from this study exceeds the European Union blending mandate and complies with its restriction to non-food and feed feedstocks. Economic analysis indicates that using SAF to meet Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA) targets can lead to substantial cost savings, particularly when subsidies are available. Municipal solid waste (MSW) could power sustainable aviation fuel (SAF), but costs and technical hurdles such as gasification hinder its adoption. A study now shows that MSW can be turned into SAF with 80–90% lower lifecycle emissions while offering a 16% reduction in aviation greenhouse gas emissions.","PeriodicalId":19056,"journal":{"name":"Nature Sustainability","volume":"8 12","pages":"1480-1490"},"PeriodicalIF":27.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145772830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-03DOI: 10.1038/s41893-025-01675-w
Candelaria Bergero, Nicoletta Brazzola
Aviation is one of the hardest sectors to decarbonize, and so every clean energy source that can be turned into fuel should be considered — even trash. A study now finds that trash-based fuels may be able to cut aviation emissions by around 16%, while offering cost savings relative to traditional mitigation pathways.
{"title":"From trash to jet fuel","authors":"Candelaria Bergero, Nicoletta Brazzola","doi":"10.1038/s41893-025-01675-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41893-025-01675-w","url":null,"abstract":"Aviation is one of the hardest sectors to decarbonize, and so every clean energy source that can be turned into fuel should be considered — even trash. A study now finds that trash-based fuels may be able to cut aviation emissions by around 16%, while offering cost savings relative to traditional mitigation pathways.","PeriodicalId":19056,"journal":{"name":"Nature Sustainability","volume":"8 12","pages":"1437-1438"},"PeriodicalIF":27.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145772827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-30DOI: 10.1038/s41893-025-01661-2
Yao Wang, Fengmei Ma, Heming Wang, Asaf Tzachor, Meng Jiang, Kai Fang, Sai Liang, Bing Zhu, Edgar G. Hertwich, Manfred Lenzen, Heinz Schandl, Stephan Lutter
Producing essential, widely used materials such as steel, cement, paper, plastics and rubber requires substantial freshwater resources, which may exacerbate water scarcity. Despite this, comprehensive research on freshwater embodied in material production remains limited. Here we assess the blue water footprint (WFblue) of 16 metallic and non-metallic material categories across 164 regions, using a multiregional input–output model and the hypothetical extraction method. Our findings indicate that the global WFblue of material production doubled from 25.1 billion m3 in 1995 to 50.7 billion m3 in 2021, raising its share in global blue water consumption from 2.8% to 4.7%. The East, South Asia and Oceania regions saw an alarming 267% surge in WFblue for material production, with China—already facing medium-high water stress—experiencing a dramatic ~400% increase. As material production is expected to grow, we underscore the urgency of a water–materials nexus approach, particularly in water-stressed countries. Many of the materials that our everyday lives rely on come with a hidden freshwater cost during production. The embodied water in materials has surged in material production with the potential to exacerbate regional water scarcity.
{"title":"Doubling of the global freshwater footprint of material production over two decades","authors":"Yao Wang, Fengmei Ma, Heming Wang, Asaf Tzachor, Meng Jiang, Kai Fang, Sai Liang, Bing Zhu, Edgar G. Hertwich, Manfred Lenzen, Heinz Schandl, Stephan Lutter","doi":"10.1038/s41893-025-01661-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41893-025-01661-2","url":null,"abstract":"Producing essential, widely used materials such as steel, cement, paper, plastics and rubber requires substantial freshwater resources, which may exacerbate water scarcity. Despite this, comprehensive research on freshwater embodied in material production remains limited. Here we assess the blue water footprint (WFblue) of 16 metallic and non-metallic material categories across 164 regions, using a multiregional input–output model and the hypothetical extraction method. Our findings indicate that the global WFblue of material production doubled from 25.1 billion m3 in 1995 to 50.7 billion m3 in 2021, raising its share in global blue water consumption from 2.8% to 4.7%. The East, South Asia and Oceania regions saw an alarming 267% surge in WFblue for material production, with China—already facing medium-high water stress—experiencing a dramatic ~400% increase. As material production is expected to grow, we underscore the urgency of a water–materials nexus approach, particularly in water-stressed countries. Many of the materials that our everyday lives rely on come with a hidden freshwater cost during production. The embodied water in materials has surged in material production with the potential to exacerbate regional water scarcity.","PeriodicalId":19056,"journal":{"name":"Nature Sustainability","volume":"8 12","pages":"1554-1566"},"PeriodicalIF":27.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145772838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-28DOI: 10.1038/s41893-025-01667-w
Ekbal Hussain, Luke Bateson, Alessandro Novellino
Ground subsidence is an increasingly important hazard in cities around the world. Satellite measurements of ground movements show dramatic levels of sinking in five Indian cities and are used to map the risk of damage to buildings in these cities.
{"title":"Sinking Indian megacities","authors":"Ekbal Hussain, Luke Bateson, Alessandro Novellino","doi":"10.1038/s41893-025-01667-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41893-025-01667-w","url":null,"abstract":"Ground subsidence is an increasingly important hazard in cities around the world. Satellite measurements of ground movements show dramatic levels of sinking in five Indian cities and are used to map the risk of damage to buildings in these cities.","PeriodicalId":19056,"journal":{"name":"Nature Sustainability","volume":"8 12","pages":"1435-1436"},"PeriodicalIF":27.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145772778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-28DOI: 10.1038/s41893-025-01663-0
Nitheshnirmal Sadhasivam, Leonard Ohenhen, Mohammad Khorrami, Susanna Werth, Manoochehr Shirzaei
Building damage poses serious safety risks, causing substantial financial losses worldwide. Engineering shortcomings are commonly cited as the cause of long-term structural failures, often neglecting the exacerbating role of land subsidence. Here we used satellite radar observations during 2015–2023 to estimate differential settlements at 5 fast-growing Indian megacities, including more than 13 million buildings and 80 million people. Our analysis reveals 878 km² of land subsiding, exposing ~1.9 million people to subsidence rates of more than 4 mm yr−1. An estimated 2,406 buildings across Delhi, Mumbai and Chennai are at high risk of structural damage from ongoing land subsidence. Sustained over 50 years, current subsidence rates could place as many as 23,529 buildings at very high risk of structural damage in Chennai, Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata and Bengaluru. Our results highlight the compounding risk of infrastructure damage from subsidence, assisting policymakers to develop resilience plans and adaptation strategies that prioritize mitigation and maintenance spending. Building damage and collapse is an emerging problem, particularly in large cities in developing countries. Although engineering shortcomings are often blamed, land subsidence is an underappreciated culprit that could put tens of thousands of buildings at risk across Indian megacities.
{"title":"Building damage risk in sinking Indian megacities","authors":"Nitheshnirmal Sadhasivam, Leonard Ohenhen, Mohammad Khorrami, Susanna Werth, Manoochehr Shirzaei","doi":"10.1038/s41893-025-01663-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41893-025-01663-0","url":null,"abstract":"Building damage poses serious safety risks, causing substantial financial losses worldwide. Engineering shortcomings are commonly cited as the cause of long-term structural failures, often neglecting the exacerbating role of land subsidence. Here we used satellite radar observations during 2015–2023 to estimate differential settlements at 5 fast-growing Indian megacities, including more than 13 million buildings and 80 million people. Our analysis reveals 878 km² of land subsiding, exposing ~1.9 million people to subsidence rates of more than 4 mm yr−1. An estimated 2,406 buildings across Delhi, Mumbai and Chennai are at high risk of structural damage from ongoing land subsidence. Sustained over 50 years, current subsidence rates could place as many as 23,529 buildings at very high risk of structural damage in Chennai, Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata and Bengaluru. Our results highlight the compounding risk of infrastructure damage from subsidence, assisting policymakers to develop resilience plans and adaptation strategies that prioritize mitigation and maintenance spending. Building damage and collapse is an emerging problem, particularly in large cities in developing countries. Although engineering shortcomings are often blamed, land subsidence is an underappreciated culprit that could put tens of thousands of buildings at risk across Indian megacities.","PeriodicalId":19056,"journal":{"name":"Nature Sustainability","volume":"8 12","pages":"1467-1479"},"PeriodicalIF":27.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41893-025-01663-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145772788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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