Pub Date : 2024-11-21DOI: 10.1038/s41893-024-01466-9
Andrej Woerner, Taisuke Imai, Davide D. Pace, Klaus M. Schmidt
Carbon pricing is a powerful but politically contentious tool for tackling climate change. Governments can, however, try to increase public support for it by adjusting how the revenues raised by the carbon price are used. In a fully incentivized experiment with a large representative sample of the German population, we compare voter support for five different carbon pricing schemes. We show that uniform carbon dividends (equal per capita transfers to all citizens) receive substantially more support than a carbon dividend that favours poorer people, than earmarking revenues for climate projects and especially than using revenues for the general government budget. Among the uniform carbon dividend schemes, a climate premium that pays a fixed upfront transfer equal to the expected carbon revenues receives more support than a carbon dividend scheme where the size of the transfer is determined ex post based on the actual revenues. Furthermore, we show that participants and experts underestimate public support for carbon pricing. These findings suggest that policies for sustainable development gain more support when affected voters are uniformly compensated for the costs imposed on them. In addition, the paper highlights the importance of incentivized experiments in studying public support for such policies. How revenues from a carbon price are returned to society may affect public support for the adoption of such a policy. In an experiment with a large sample of the German population, public support for a carbon price is assessed for five different revenue recycling schemes.
{"title":"How to increase public support for carbon pricing with revenue recycling","authors":"Andrej Woerner, Taisuke Imai, Davide D. Pace, Klaus M. Schmidt","doi":"10.1038/s41893-024-01466-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41893-024-01466-9","url":null,"abstract":"Carbon pricing is a powerful but politically contentious tool for tackling climate change. Governments can, however, try to increase public support for it by adjusting how the revenues raised by the carbon price are used. In a fully incentivized experiment with a large representative sample of the German population, we compare voter support for five different carbon pricing schemes. We show that uniform carbon dividends (equal per capita transfers to all citizens) receive substantially more support than a carbon dividend that favours poorer people, than earmarking revenues for climate projects and especially than using revenues for the general government budget. Among the uniform carbon dividend schemes, a climate premium that pays a fixed upfront transfer equal to the expected carbon revenues receives more support than a carbon dividend scheme where the size of the transfer is determined ex post based on the actual revenues. Furthermore, we show that participants and experts underestimate public support for carbon pricing. These findings suggest that policies for sustainable development gain more support when affected voters are uniformly compensated for the costs imposed on them. In addition, the paper highlights the importance of incentivized experiments in studying public support for such policies. How revenues from a carbon price are returned to society may affect public support for the adoption of such a policy. In an experiment with a large sample of the German population, public support for a carbon price is assessed for five different revenue recycling schemes.","PeriodicalId":19056,"journal":{"name":"Nature Sustainability","volume":"7 12","pages":"1633-1641"},"PeriodicalIF":25.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41893-024-01466-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142845135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-19DOI: 10.1038/s41893-024-01484-7
Seeking environmental justice requires vast amounts of written law and armies of lawyers to enforce and navigate them fairly. Sustainability research must incorporate data and insights on these laws from legal scholars to better understand the impacts of competing claims for human use and ecosystem health
{"title":"Balancing rights","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s41893-024-01484-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41893-024-01484-7","url":null,"abstract":"Seeking environmental justice requires vast amounts of written law and armies of lawyers to enforce and navigate them fairly. Sustainability research must incorporate data and insights on these laws from legal scholars to better understand the impacts of competing claims for human use and ecosystem health","PeriodicalId":19056,"journal":{"name":"Nature Sustainability","volume":"7 11","pages":"1371-1371"},"PeriodicalIF":25.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41893-024-01484-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142672801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-19DOI: 10.1038/s41893-024-01456-x
Christopher M. Rea, Nikolas E. Merten, Casey J. Rife
Environmental policy in the United States is heavily influenced by civil litigation, which is used by government, environmental groups and industry to shape environmental protections. These disputes impact national and global environmental policy, but there is limited knowledge about outcomes for pro- and anti-regulatory plaintiffs or which areas of environmental policy are focused on by different plaintiffs. Drawing on 25,775 environmental civil suits and 4,142 judicial decisions filed in federal district courts between 1988 and 2022, we show that pro-regulatory plaintiffs tend to have a higher win rate than anti-regulatory ones, that federal enforcement litigation focuses overwhelmingly on pollution and waste-related conflicts, that environmental advocacy groups focus heavily on conservation-related conflicts and that climate and environmental justice-related themes are rarely discussed in environmental legal decisions. The inequality in legal advocacy that we document may help to explain areas of strength and weakness in US environmental policy, with implications for environmental justice and global sustainability. Environmental law is shaped by litigation outcomes as much as by legislation. This study examines nearly 30,000 civil suits and court decisions over 34 years to help reveal their influence on the legal and environmental landscapes of the United States.
{"title":"Outcomes and policy focus of environmental litigation in the United States","authors":"Christopher M. Rea, Nikolas E. Merten, Casey J. Rife","doi":"10.1038/s41893-024-01456-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41893-024-01456-x","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental policy in the United States is heavily influenced by civil litigation, which is used by government, environmental groups and industry to shape environmental protections. These disputes impact national and global environmental policy, but there is limited knowledge about outcomes for pro- and anti-regulatory plaintiffs or which areas of environmental policy are focused on by different plaintiffs. Drawing on 25,775 environmental civil suits and 4,142 judicial decisions filed in federal district courts between 1988 and 2022, we show that pro-regulatory plaintiffs tend to have a higher win rate than anti-regulatory ones, that federal enforcement litigation focuses overwhelmingly on pollution and waste-related conflicts, that environmental advocacy groups focus heavily on conservation-related conflicts and that climate and environmental justice-related themes are rarely discussed in environmental legal decisions. The inequality in legal advocacy that we document may help to explain areas of strength and weakness in US environmental policy, with implications for environmental justice and global sustainability. Environmental law is shaped by litigation outcomes as much as by legislation. This study examines nearly 30,000 civil suits and court decisions over 34 years to help reveal their influence on the legal and environmental landscapes of the United States.","PeriodicalId":19056,"journal":{"name":"Nature Sustainability","volume":"7 11","pages":"1469-1480"},"PeriodicalIF":25.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41893-024-01456-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142672797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-19DOI: 10.1038/s41893-024-01461-0
Sabrina McCormick
Environmental law is a function of both regulations and the lawsuits that happen because of, or in the absence of, those regulations. Surveying the characteristics of climate-related lawsuits can help us to understand not just who is suing who, but whether the regulatory and legal system is working as intended.
{"title":"Landscape of litigation in the United States","authors":"Sabrina McCormick","doi":"10.1038/s41893-024-01461-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41893-024-01461-0","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental law is a function of both regulations and the lawsuits that happen because of, or in the absence of, those regulations. Surveying the characteristics of climate-related lawsuits can help us to understand not just who is suing who, but whether the regulatory and legal system is working as intended.","PeriodicalId":19056,"journal":{"name":"Nature Sustainability","volume":"7 11","pages":"1377-1378"},"PeriodicalIF":25.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142672794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-19DOI: 10.1038/s41893-024-01455-y
Misato Sato, Glen Gostlow, Catherine Higham, Joana Setzer, Frank Venmans
Communities and individuals are turning to courts to hold governments and high-emitting firms to account for the adverse consequences of climate change. Such litigation is part of a broader trend in which stakeholders are increasingly scrutinizing firms for their sustainability practices. For firms, rising climate litigation risk may exacerbate wider sustainability risks. Here we construct a comprehensive database of filings and decisions relating to 108 climate lawsuits against US- and European-listed firms between 2005 and 2021. We show that firms experience, on average, a 0.41% fall in stock returns following a climate-related filing or an unfavourable court decision. Cases filed against Carbon Majors, primarily the world’s largest fossil fuel producers, saw the largest stock market responses, with returns reducing by 0.57% and 1.50% following filings and unfavourable decisions, respectively. Markets respond more to ‘novel’ climate litigation involving new legal arguments or jurisdictions. Our findings suggest that climate litigation provides a way for stakeholders to challenge actual and perceived weaknesses in the sustainability practices of firms. We conclude that financial markets consider such litigation to be a relevant financial risk. Climate lawsuits can cause direct changes in corporate behaviour, but market impacts are less understood. This study examines 15 years of litigation to find how much stock values fall when lawsuits are filed or resolved.
{"title":"Impacts of climate litigation on firm value","authors":"Misato Sato, Glen Gostlow, Catherine Higham, Joana Setzer, Frank Venmans","doi":"10.1038/s41893-024-01455-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41893-024-01455-y","url":null,"abstract":"Communities and individuals are turning to courts to hold governments and high-emitting firms to account for the adverse consequences of climate change. Such litigation is part of a broader trend in which stakeholders are increasingly scrutinizing firms for their sustainability practices. For firms, rising climate litigation risk may exacerbate wider sustainability risks. Here we construct a comprehensive database of filings and decisions relating to 108 climate lawsuits against US- and European-listed firms between 2005 and 2021. We show that firms experience, on average, a 0.41% fall in stock returns following a climate-related filing or an unfavourable court decision. Cases filed against Carbon Majors, primarily the world’s largest fossil fuel producers, saw the largest stock market responses, with returns reducing by 0.57% and 1.50% following filings and unfavourable decisions, respectively. Markets respond more to ‘novel’ climate litigation involving new legal arguments or jurisdictions. Our findings suggest that climate litigation provides a way for stakeholders to challenge actual and perceived weaknesses in the sustainability practices of firms. We conclude that financial markets consider such litigation to be a relevant financial risk. Climate lawsuits can cause direct changes in corporate behaviour, but market impacts are less understood. This study examines 15 years of litigation to find how much stock values fall when lawsuits are filed or resolved.","PeriodicalId":19056,"journal":{"name":"Nature Sustainability","volume":"7 11","pages":"1461-1468"},"PeriodicalIF":25.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41893-024-01455-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142672804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-19DOI: 10.1038/s41893-024-01463-y
John Ruple
Want faster permits? Start by giving agencies the staff they need to do their jobs, then let’s talk about updating laws.
想要更快获得许可？首先要为各机构提供开展工作所需的人员，然后再讨论更新法律的问题。
{"title":"Pick the low-hanging fruit first","authors":"John Ruple","doi":"10.1038/s41893-024-01463-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41893-024-01463-y","url":null,"abstract":"Want faster permits? Start by giving agencies the staff they need to do their jobs, then let’s talk about updating laws.","PeriodicalId":19056,"journal":{"name":"Nature Sustainability","volume":"7 11","pages":"1372-1373"},"PeriodicalIF":25.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142672760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-18DOI: 10.1038/s41893-024-01464-x
Nuwayo Eric Munyaneza, Ruiyang Ji, Adrian DiMarco, Joel Miscall, Lisa Stanley, Nicholas Rorrer, Rui Qiao, Guoliang Liu
Escalating global plastic pollution and the depletion of fossil-based resources underscore the urgent need for innovative end-of-life plastic management strategies in the context of a circular economy. Thermolysis is capable of upcycling end-of-life plastics to intermediate molecules suitable for downstream conversion to eventually high-value chemicals, but tuning the molar mass distribution of the products is challenging. Here we report a temperature-gradient thermolysis strategy for the conversion of polyethylene and polypropylene into hydrocarbons with tunable molar mass distributions. The whole thermolysis process is catalyst- and hydrogen-free. The thermolysis of polyethylene and polyethylene/polypropylene mixtures with tailored temperature gradients generated oil with an average chain length of ~C14. The oil featured a high concentration of synthetically useful α-olefins. Computational fluid dynamics simulations revealed that regulating the reactor wall temperature was the key to tuning the hydrocarbon distributions. Subsequent oxidation of the obtained α-olefins by sulfuric acid and neutralization by potassium hydroxide afforded sulfate detergents with excellent foaming behaviour and emulsifying capacity and low critical micelle concentration. Overall, this work provides a viable approach to producing value-added chemicals from end-of-life plastics, improving the circularity of the anthropogenic carbon cycle. The controllable conversion of plastic wastes to products with tailored molar mass would facilitate waste valorization but remains challenging. This study presents a catalyst- and hydrogen-free temperature-gradient thermolysis strategy to achieve this goal.
{"title":"Chain-length-controllable upcycling of polyolefins to sulfate detergents","authors":"Nuwayo Eric Munyaneza, Ruiyang Ji, Adrian DiMarco, Joel Miscall, Lisa Stanley, Nicholas Rorrer, Rui Qiao, Guoliang Liu","doi":"10.1038/s41893-024-01464-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41893-024-01464-x","url":null,"abstract":"Escalating global plastic pollution and the depletion of fossil-based resources underscore the urgent need for innovative end-of-life plastic management strategies in the context of a circular economy. Thermolysis is capable of upcycling end-of-life plastics to intermediate molecules suitable for downstream conversion to eventually high-value chemicals, but tuning the molar mass distribution of the products is challenging. Here we report a temperature-gradient thermolysis strategy for the conversion of polyethylene and polypropylene into hydrocarbons with tunable molar mass distributions. The whole thermolysis process is catalyst- and hydrogen-free. The thermolysis of polyethylene and polyethylene/polypropylene mixtures with tailored temperature gradients generated oil with an average chain length of ~C14. The oil featured a high concentration of synthetically useful α-olefins. Computational fluid dynamics simulations revealed that regulating the reactor wall temperature was the key to tuning the hydrocarbon distributions. Subsequent oxidation of the obtained α-olefins by sulfuric acid and neutralization by potassium hydroxide afforded sulfate detergents with excellent foaming behaviour and emulsifying capacity and low critical micelle concentration. Overall, this work provides a viable approach to producing value-added chemicals from end-of-life plastics, improving the circularity of the anthropogenic carbon cycle. The controllable conversion of plastic wastes to products with tailored molar mass would facilitate waste valorization but remains challenging. This study presents a catalyst- and hydrogen-free temperature-gradient thermolysis strategy to achieve this goal.","PeriodicalId":19056,"journal":{"name":"Nature Sustainability","volume":"7 12","pages":"1681-1690"},"PeriodicalIF":25.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142845147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-18DOI: 10.1038/s41893-024-01465-w
Fei Huang, Fan Zhang
The transformation of polyolefins into value-added chemicals could help mitigate plastic pollution, but control of the product distribution is challenging. Now, a catalyst- and solvent-free, temperature-gradient thermolysis process enables the upcycling of polyolefins into detergents, with control of the chain lengths.
{"title":"Upcycling of polyolefins into detergents","authors":"Fei Huang, Fan Zhang","doi":"10.1038/s41893-024-01465-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41893-024-01465-w","url":null,"abstract":"The transformation of polyolefins into value-added chemicals could help mitigate plastic pollution, but control of the product distribution is challenging. Now, a catalyst- and solvent-free, temperature-gradient thermolysis process enables the upcycling of polyolefins into detergents, with control of the chain lengths.","PeriodicalId":19056,"journal":{"name":"Nature Sustainability","volume":"7 12","pages":"1554-1555"},"PeriodicalIF":25.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142845220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-15DOI: 10.1038/s41893-024-01450-3
Nezha Acil, Jonathan P. Sadler, Cornelius Senf, Susanne Suvanto, Thomas A. M. Pugh
The spatial imprint of forest disturbances, which can result from a variety of anthropogenic and natural causes, is important in shaping the form and function of the world’s forests. However, we lack a systematic assessment of how the forms of forest disturbances differ globally, which could help in sustainable forest policy and management initiatives to protect forest biomes. Here we produce a global-scale quantification of disturbance patch structures. Using indicators of magnitude, complexity and context, we found that the forms of stand-replacing disturbances can be classified into four broad patterns, whose spatial dominance varies across regions. Human activities were shown to introduce disturbance structures that are not naturally common, especially in the tropics. The consistency of these patterns across biomes outside intact forests suggests that a continuation of current dynamics may lead to a structural homogenization of the world’s forests, with potential consequences for forest ecology and functions. These results provide a greater understanding of the mechanisms governing forest dynamics and elucidating the causal agents of disturbances. This will be a key step towards building more reliable projections of future forest conditions, informing policymaking and ensuring the sustainability of forest management. Forests are subject to natural and human-induced disturbances, which can be important in shaping their form and function. In this study, the authors examine the landscape patterns of global forest disturbance and their drivers to better inform sustainable forest management and policy.
{"title":"Landscape patterns in stand-replacing disturbances across the world’s forests","authors":"Nezha Acil, Jonathan P. Sadler, Cornelius Senf, Susanne Suvanto, Thomas A. M. Pugh","doi":"10.1038/s41893-024-01450-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41893-024-01450-3","url":null,"abstract":"The spatial imprint of forest disturbances, which can result from a variety of anthropogenic and natural causes, is important in shaping the form and function of the world’s forests. However, we lack a systematic assessment of how the forms of forest disturbances differ globally, which could help in sustainable forest policy and management initiatives to protect forest biomes. Here we produce a global-scale quantification of disturbance patch structures. Using indicators of magnitude, complexity and context, we found that the forms of stand-replacing disturbances can be classified into four broad patterns, whose spatial dominance varies across regions. Human activities were shown to introduce disturbance structures that are not naturally common, especially in the tropics. The consistency of these patterns across biomes outside intact forests suggests that a continuation of current dynamics may lead to a structural homogenization of the world’s forests, with potential consequences for forest ecology and functions. These results provide a greater understanding of the mechanisms governing forest dynamics and elucidating the causal agents of disturbances. This will be a key step towards building more reliable projections of future forest conditions, informing policymaking and ensuring the sustainability of forest management. Forests are subject to natural and human-induced disturbances, which can be important in shaping their form and function. In this study, the authors examine the landscape patterns of global forest disturbance and their drivers to better inform sustainable forest management and policy.","PeriodicalId":19056,"journal":{"name":"Nature Sustainability","volume":"8 1","pages":"86-98"},"PeriodicalIF":25.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41893-024-01450-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143121556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-10DOI: 10.1038/s41893-024-01486-5
Xulong Chen, Wenping Hu
{"title":"Publisher Correction: Direct and efficient in situ rubidium extraction from potassium chloride salts","authors":"Xulong Chen, Wenping Hu","doi":"10.1038/s41893-024-01486-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41893-024-01486-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19056,"journal":{"name":"Nature Sustainability","volume":"7 12","pages":"1752-1752"},"PeriodicalIF":25.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41893-024-01486-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142845205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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