Pub Date : 2025-12-18DOI: 10.1038/s41893-025-01742-2
Oksana Smirnova
{"title":"Clean energy straight from space","authors":"Oksana Smirnova","doi":"10.1038/s41893-025-01742-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41893-025-01742-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19056,"journal":{"name":"Nature Sustainability","volume":"8 12","pages":"1417-1417"},"PeriodicalIF":27.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145772785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-15DOI: 10.1038/s41893-025-01727-1
Peter Alexander, Lindsay Beevers, David Broadstock, Vassilis Daioglou, T. Jonathan Davies, Edgar E. Gutiérrez-Espeleta, Debora Ley, Paul Lucas, Henri Rueff, Patrick Schröder, Jeff Seadon, Gail Taylor, Catalina Turcu, Bruno Turnheim, Robert T. Watson
{"title":"Protecting science in multilateral environmental assessments","authors":"Peter Alexander, Lindsay Beevers, David Broadstock, Vassilis Daioglou, T. Jonathan Davies, Edgar E. Gutiérrez-Espeleta, Debora Ley, Paul Lucas, Henri Rueff, Patrick Schröder, Jeff Seadon, Gail Taylor, Catalina Turcu, Bruno Turnheim, Robert T. Watson","doi":"10.1038/s41893-025-01727-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41893-025-01727-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19056,"journal":{"name":"Nature Sustainability","volume":"9 2","pages":"178-179"},"PeriodicalIF":27.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147275122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-11DOI: 10.1038/s41893-025-01707-5
Robert Fofrich Navarro, Lauren Liebermann, Frances C. Moore, Christine Shearer, Steven J. Davis
Existing fossil-fuel-burning power plants must be retired (or retrofitted with technology to capture and store CO2 emissions) before the end of their operating lifespans to achieve the most ambitious international climate goals (around 2 °C). Abbreviated power-plant lifespans, costly retrofits and lost revenues to power-plant owners in turn represent stranded assets, namely investments that can no longer earn a viable return because of climate policies. Here we use detailed data of power plants worldwide to evaluate the scale of financial risks by region, generator type and corporate ownership. We find that of the 100 companies that own the most stranded assets by value, the very largest are state-owned and the top 25 companies cumulatively hold upwards of US$770 and US$224 billion in stranded assets under a 1.5 °C scenario and 2.0 °C, respectively. Our findings reveal the power-plant owners most exposed to financial risks linked to the shift away from fossil fuels, as well as the concentration of financial interests adverse to rapid decarbonization. Meeting climate mitigation goals requires the early retirement or retrofitting of fossil fuel power plants, creating financial risks from stranded assets. A study now finds that state-owned companies dominate ownership of these risks, with the top 25 of these companies holding up to US$770 billion under a 1.5 °C scenario.
{"title":"Ownership of power plants stranded by climate mitigation","authors":"Robert Fofrich Navarro, Lauren Liebermann, Frances C. Moore, Christine Shearer, Steven J. Davis","doi":"10.1038/s41893-025-01707-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41893-025-01707-5","url":null,"abstract":"Existing fossil-fuel-burning power plants must be retired (or retrofitted with technology to capture and store CO2 emissions) before the end of their operating lifespans to achieve the most ambitious international climate goals (around 2 °C). Abbreviated power-plant lifespans, costly retrofits and lost revenues to power-plant owners in turn represent stranded assets, namely investments that can no longer earn a viable return because of climate policies. Here we use detailed data of power plants worldwide to evaluate the scale of financial risks by region, generator type and corporate ownership. We find that of the 100 companies that own the most stranded assets by value, the very largest are state-owned and the top 25 companies cumulatively hold upwards of US$770 and US$224 billion in stranded assets under a 1.5 °C scenario and 2.0 °C, respectively. Our findings reveal the power-plant owners most exposed to financial risks linked to the shift away from fossil fuels, as well as the concentration of financial interests adverse to rapid decarbonization. Meeting climate mitigation goals requires the early retirement or retrofitting of fossil fuel power plants, creating financial risks from stranded assets. A study now finds that state-owned companies dominate ownership of these risks, with the top 25 of these companies holding up to US$770 billion under a 1.5 °C scenario.","PeriodicalId":19056,"journal":{"name":"Nature Sustainability","volume":"9 2","pages":"328-336"},"PeriodicalIF":27.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41893-025-01707-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147275127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-11DOI: 10.1038/s41893-025-01725-3
David C. Rode
Effective policies to move companies towards global climate change goals require lifting the corporate veil to connect CO2-emitting assets with their owners. A study now provides a first step by identifying the firms responsible for power-sector emissions.
{"title":"Attributing responsibility","authors":"David C. Rode","doi":"10.1038/s41893-025-01725-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41893-025-01725-3","url":null,"abstract":"Effective policies to move companies towards global climate change goals require lifting the corporate veil to connect CO2-emitting assets with their owners. A study now provides a first step by identifying the firms responsible for power-sector emissions.","PeriodicalId":19056,"journal":{"name":"Nature Sustainability","volume":"9 2","pages":"190-191"},"PeriodicalIF":27.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147275124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-10DOI: 10.1038/s41893-025-01704-8
Weiyuan Huang, Zengqing Zhuo, Alvin Dai, Jinghao Huang, Jing Wang, Tao Zhou, Xiao-Min Lin, Xianghui Xiao, Lu Ma, Rachid Amine, Gihan Kwon, Xiaojing Huang, Tianyi Li, Hari Adhikari, Jinghua Guo, Steve Trask, Jianguo Wen, Khalil Amine, Tongchao Liu
The transition to sustainable energy storage demands lithium-ion batteries with high energy density and reduced reliance on critical metals such as nickel (Ni), yet current strategies to increase capacity have largely depended on raising Ni content, leading to escalating supply risks, rising costs and sustainability concerns. More critically, Ni-rich cathodes suffer from rapid electrochemical degradation driven by structural instability, creating an insurmountable trade-off between capacity and cycle life. Here we introduce a low-Ni chemistry cathode, Li(Li0.05Ni0.57Mn0.31Co0.07)O2, with a radial phase integration design that overcomes these limitations, enabling a remarkable Ni usage reduction (Ni < 0.6) while demonstrating high capacity (215 mAh g−1) and markedly improved cyclability (~97% retention over 400 cycles) compared to conventional high-Ni cathodes (Ni = 0.8). Advanced X-ray and electron microscopy analyses reveal that the designed cathode exhibits a highly reversible oxygen anionic redox, benefiting from a structurally stable surface and minimizing irreversible phase transitions. Moreover, the integrated structure substantially mitigates lattice strain and improves mechanical stability even under harsh conditions. This advance offers a general design principle for developing next-generation cathodes that combine resource efficiency with long-term electrochemical reliability. Current lithium-ion batteries still rely heavily on nickel (Ni), whose growing demand raises serious economic and environmental concerns. This work now presents a cathode that delivers longer cycle life than high-Ni chemistry while substantially reducing Ni use.
向可持续能源存储的过渡需要具有高能量密度的锂离子电池，并减少对镍（Ni）等关键金属的依赖，但目前增加容量的策略在很大程度上依赖于提高镍含量，导致供应风险不断上升，成本上升和可持续性问题。更关键的是，由于结构不稳定，富镍阴极会遭受快速的电化学降解，从而在容量和循环寿命之间产生无法克服的权衡。在这里，我们介绍了一种低镍化学阴极，Li(Li0.05Ni0.57Mn0.31Co0.07)O2，具有径向相集成设计，克服了这些限制，使Ni使用量显著降低（Ni < 0.6），同时表现出高容量（215 mAh g - 1）和显着提高的可循环性（400次循环保持率~97%）与传统的高镍阴极（Ni = 0.8）相比。先进的x射线和电子显微镜分析表明，设计的阴极表现出高度可逆的氧阴离子氧化还原，受益于结构稳定的表面和最大限度地减少不可逆相变。此外，集成结构大大减轻了晶格应变，即使在恶劣条件下也能提高机械稳定性。这一进展为开发结合了资源效率和长期电化学可靠性的下一代阴极提供了通用设计原则。目前的锂离子电池仍然严重依赖镍（Ni），其不断增长的需求引发了严重的经济和环境问题。这项工作现在提出了一种阴极，它提供了比高镍化学更长的循环寿命，同时大大减少了镍的使用。
{"title":"Low-nickel cathode chemistry for sustainable and high-energy lithium-ion batteries","authors":"Weiyuan Huang, Zengqing Zhuo, Alvin Dai, Jinghao Huang, Jing Wang, Tao Zhou, Xiao-Min Lin, Xianghui Xiao, Lu Ma, Rachid Amine, Gihan Kwon, Xiaojing Huang, Tianyi Li, Hari Adhikari, Jinghua Guo, Steve Trask, Jianguo Wen, Khalil Amine, Tongchao Liu","doi":"10.1038/s41893-025-01704-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41893-025-01704-8","url":null,"abstract":"The transition to sustainable energy storage demands lithium-ion batteries with high energy density and reduced reliance on critical metals such as nickel (Ni), yet current strategies to increase capacity have largely depended on raising Ni content, leading to escalating supply risks, rising costs and sustainability concerns. More critically, Ni-rich cathodes suffer from rapid electrochemical degradation driven by structural instability, creating an insurmountable trade-off between capacity and cycle life. Here we introduce a low-Ni chemistry cathode, Li(Li0.05Ni0.57Mn0.31Co0.07)O2, with a radial phase integration design that overcomes these limitations, enabling a remarkable Ni usage reduction (Ni < 0.6) while demonstrating high capacity (215 mAh g−1) and markedly improved cyclability (~97% retention over 400 cycles) compared to conventional high-Ni cathodes (Ni = 0.8). Advanced X-ray and electron microscopy analyses reveal that the designed cathode exhibits a highly reversible oxygen anionic redox, benefiting from a structurally stable surface and minimizing irreversible phase transitions. Moreover, the integrated structure substantially mitigates lattice strain and improves mechanical stability even under harsh conditions. This advance offers a general design principle for developing next-generation cathodes that combine resource efficiency with long-term electrochemical reliability. Current lithium-ion batteries still rely heavily on nickel (Ni), whose growing demand raises serious economic and environmental concerns. This work now presents a cathode that delivers longer cycle life than high-Ni chemistry while substantially reducing Ni use.","PeriodicalId":19056,"journal":{"name":"Nature Sustainability","volume":"9 2","pages":"317-327"},"PeriodicalIF":27.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147275117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-09DOI: 10.1038/s41893-025-01711-9
Shiyu Li, Junguo Liu, Gang Yan, Steven J. Davis, Amir AghaKouchak, Xin Liu, Chaopeng Hong, Yixuan Zheng, Qingsong Jiang, Yong Liu, Yue Qin
Thermal power generation faces risks from rising water temperatures and scarcity, worsened by decarbonization efforts that prioritize the retirement of lower-risk units. To reconcile energy security and climate goals, policymakers should factor hydroclimatic risks into power plant retirement and energy transition planning.
{"title":"Balancing thermal power decarbonization and energy security under hydroclimatic risks","authors":"Shiyu Li, Junguo Liu, Gang Yan, Steven J. Davis, Amir AghaKouchak, Xin Liu, Chaopeng Hong, Yixuan Zheng, Qingsong Jiang, Yong Liu, Yue Qin","doi":"10.1038/s41893-025-01711-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41893-025-01711-9","url":null,"abstract":"Thermal power generation faces risks from rising water temperatures and scarcity, worsened by decarbonization efforts that prioritize the retirement of lower-risk units. To reconcile energy security and climate goals, policymakers should factor hydroclimatic risks into power plant retirement and energy transition planning.","PeriodicalId":19056,"journal":{"name":"Nature Sustainability","volume":"9 2","pages":"194-195"},"PeriodicalIF":27.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41893-025-01711-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147275131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-09DOI: 10.1038/s41893-025-01695-6
One of the world’s largest longitudinal studies, conducted across India, reveals that global climate change in the twenty-first century has accelerated plant invasions. Climate change and invasive plants are disrupting ecosystems, including tiger habitats, and affecting millions of people. The study maps socioecological risk hotspots to guide restoration and safeguard biodiversity and livelihoods.
{"title":"Invasive plants, climate change and tigers","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s41893-025-01695-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41893-025-01695-6","url":null,"abstract":"One of the world’s largest longitudinal studies, conducted across India, reveals that global climate change in the twenty-first century has accelerated plant invasions. Climate change and invasive plants are disrupting ecosystems, including tiger habitats, and affecting millions of people. The study maps socioecological risk hotspots to guide restoration and safeguard biodiversity and livelihoods.","PeriodicalId":19056,"journal":{"name":"Nature Sustainability","volume":"9 1","pages":"22-23"},"PeriodicalIF":27.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146049430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-09DOI: 10.1038/s41893-025-01692-9
Shiyu Li, Yong Liu, Junguo Liu, Gang Yan, Hannes Müller Schmied, Steven J. Davis, Amir AghaKouchak, Niko Wanders, Qingsong Jiang, Yixuan Zheng, Joyce Bosmans, Xin Liu, Chaopeng Hong, Yue Qin
Hydroclimatic risks, such as increased water temperatures and water shortages, can impair the cooling efficiency of thermal power plants, threatening energy security. These risks worsen when decommissioning strategies for the low-carbon transition prioritize retiring smaller but lower-risk plants while keeping larger yet higher-risk ones. Yet, how hydroclimatic risks interact with these strategies remain poorly understood. Here we develop a global unit-level, capacity-specific framework to systematically assess hydroclimatic risks to thermal power generation under climate change. This framework maps risk intensification and risk-level escalation, and evaluates how integrating hydroclimatic risks into decommissioning plans can enhance energy security. We find that by the 2050s, ~60.5% of global thermal power capacity would face greater hydroclimatic risks under SSP370, as indicated by declining usable capacity ratios (UCRs)—the share of nameplate capacity that remains operable under hydroclimatic constraints. Integrating unit-level hydroclimatic risk constraints into decommissioning strategies could effectively raise the average UCRs of priority-retention units by 26–37 percentage points, although these units are typically slightly older. Our findings underscore the importance of incorporating hydroclimatic risks into decommissioning decisions to balance energy security and climate mitigation goals. Thermal power plants face growing risks from rising water temperatures and water shortages, which can reduce cooling efficiency and threaten energy security. A study maps these risks globally and finds that factoring them into plant closures could improve reliability while supporting climate goals.
{"title":"Global hydroclimatic risks and strategic decommissioning pathways for thermal power units","authors":"Shiyu Li, Yong Liu, Junguo Liu, Gang Yan, Hannes Müller Schmied, Steven J. Davis, Amir AghaKouchak, Niko Wanders, Qingsong Jiang, Yixuan Zheng, Joyce Bosmans, Xin Liu, Chaopeng Hong, Yue Qin","doi":"10.1038/s41893-025-01692-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41893-025-01692-9","url":null,"abstract":"Hydroclimatic risks, such as increased water temperatures and water shortages, can impair the cooling efficiency of thermal power plants, threatening energy security. These risks worsen when decommissioning strategies for the low-carbon transition prioritize retiring smaller but lower-risk plants while keeping larger yet higher-risk ones. Yet, how hydroclimatic risks interact with these strategies remain poorly understood. Here we develop a global unit-level, capacity-specific framework to systematically assess hydroclimatic risks to thermal power generation under climate change. This framework maps risk intensification and risk-level escalation, and evaluates how integrating hydroclimatic risks into decommissioning plans can enhance energy security. We find that by the 2050s, ~60.5% of global thermal power capacity would face greater hydroclimatic risks under SSP370, as indicated by declining usable capacity ratios (UCRs)—the share of nameplate capacity that remains operable under hydroclimatic constraints. Integrating unit-level hydroclimatic risk constraints into decommissioning strategies could effectively raise the average UCRs of priority-retention units by 26–37 percentage points, although these units are typically slightly older. Our findings underscore the importance of incorporating hydroclimatic risks into decommissioning decisions to balance energy security and climate mitigation goals. Thermal power plants face growing risks from rising water temperatures and water shortages, which can reduce cooling efficiency and threaten energy security. A study maps these risks globally and finds that factoring them into plant closures could improve reliability while supporting climate goals.","PeriodicalId":19056,"journal":{"name":"Nature Sustainability","volume":"9 2","pages":"222-233"},"PeriodicalIF":27.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147275139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-08DOI: 10.1038/s41893-025-01710-w
Ai-Min Li, Travis P. Pollard, Zeyi Wang, Nan Zhang, Fred Omenya, Sha Tan, Enyuan Hu, Xiao-Qing Yang, Xiaolin Li, Oleg Borodin, Chunsheng Wang
Abundant sodium (Na) batteries are a sustainable alternative to resource-constrained lithium-ion batteries, offering huge cost advantages. However, developing high-voltage anode-free sodium metal batteries (SMBs) to narrow the energy density gap with lithium-ion batteries is hindered by a critical challenge: existing electrolytes cannot simultaneously achieve ultra-high Na coulombic efficiency and anodic stability. Here we present a rationally designed non-fluorinated electrolyte (1.0 M NaPF6 in 1,2-diethoxyethane/1,2-di-tert-butoxyethane) to address this key limitation, achieving Na coulombic efficiency of >99.95% and anodic stability of >4.8 V. For coin cells (2.0 mAh cm−2, N/P = 1.7), our electrolyte design enables 4.0 V Na | |Na3V2(PO4)3 (NVP) at 5 C and 4.3 V Na | |NaNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2 (NMC622) at 0.3 C for 5,000 and 500 cycles with a capacity retention >80%. Remarkably, the 50 mAh anode-free pouch cells 4.0 V Al | |NVP and 4.3 V Al | |NMC622 also achieve 500 and 300 cycles (retention >75%) with a specific energy of >360 Wh kg(electrode)−1. This work focuses on electrolyte optimization and conceptual advances, whereas critical aspects such as safety, large-scale manufacturability and practical feasibility of SMBs require further investigation. The electrolyte design using non-fluorinated solvents enhances the anodic stability without sacrificing Na efficiency, laying groundwork for advancing low-cost, high-energy SMBs and supporting the transition to sustainable battery technologies. High-voltage, anode-free sodium metal batteries combine high energy density and sustainability, but the lack of suitable electrolytes hinders their application. This work formulates an eco-friendly electrolyte design that supports exciting performance in such batteries.
丰富的钠（Na）电池是资源有限的锂离子电池的可持续替代品，具有巨大的成本优势。然而，开发高压无阳极金属钠电池（smb）以缩小与锂离子电池的能量密度差距受到一个关键挑战的阻碍：现有电解质无法同时实现超高的Na库仑效率和阳极稳定性。本文提出了一种合理设计的无氟电解液（1.0 M NaPF6在1,2-二乙氧基乙烷/1,2-二叔丁基乙烷中）来解决这一关键限制，获得了99.95%的钠库仑效率和4.8 V的阳极稳定性。对于纽扣电池（2.0 mAh cm−2,N/P = 1.7），我们的电解质设计可以在5℃下实现4.0 V Na | |Na3V2(PO4)3 (NVP)，在0.3℃下实现4.3 V Na | |NaNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2 (NMC622)，循环5000和500次，容量保持率为80%。值得注意的是，50 mAh的无阳极袋状电池4.0 V Al | |NVP和4.3 V Al | |NMC622也实现了500和300次循环（保留率>；75%），比能量>；360 Wh kg（电极）−1。这项工作的重点是电解质的优化和概念上的进步，而smb的安全性、大规模可制造性和实际可行性等关键方面需要进一步研究。使用无氟溶剂的电解质设计在不牺牲Na效率的情况下提高了阳极稳定性，为推进低成本、高能量的smb和支持向可持续电池技术的过渡奠定了基础。高压无阳极钠金属电池结合了高能量密度和可持续性，但缺乏合适的电解质阻碍了它们的应用。这项工作制定了一种环保的电解质设计，支持这种电池的令人兴奋的性能。
{"title":"Non-fluorinated electrolyte for high-voltage anode-free sodium metal battery","authors":"Ai-Min Li, Travis P. Pollard, Zeyi Wang, Nan Zhang, Fred Omenya, Sha Tan, Enyuan Hu, Xiao-Qing Yang, Xiaolin Li, Oleg Borodin, Chunsheng Wang","doi":"10.1038/s41893-025-01710-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41893-025-01710-w","url":null,"abstract":"Abundant sodium (Na) batteries are a sustainable alternative to resource-constrained lithium-ion batteries, offering huge cost advantages. However, developing high-voltage anode-free sodium metal batteries (SMBs) to narrow the energy density gap with lithium-ion batteries is hindered by a critical challenge: existing electrolytes cannot simultaneously achieve ultra-high Na coulombic efficiency and anodic stability. Here we present a rationally designed non-fluorinated electrolyte (1.0 M NaPF6 in 1,2-diethoxyethane/1,2-di-tert-butoxyethane) to address this key limitation, achieving Na coulombic efficiency of >99.95% and anodic stability of >4.8 V. For coin cells (2.0 mAh cm−2, N/P = 1.7), our electrolyte design enables 4.0 V Na | |Na3V2(PO4)3 (NVP) at 5 C and 4.3 V Na | |NaNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2 (NMC622) at 0.3 C for 5,000 and 500 cycles with a capacity retention >80%. Remarkably, the 50 mAh anode-free pouch cells 4.0 V Al | |NVP and 4.3 V Al | |NMC622 also achieve 500 and 300 cycles (retention >75%) with a specific energy of >360 Wh kg(electrode)−1. This work focuses on electrolyte optimization and conceptual advances, whereas critical aspects such as safety, large-scale manufacturability and practical feasibility of SMBs require further investigation. The electrolyte design using non-fluorinated solvents enhances the anodic stability without sacrificing Na efficiency, laying groundwork for advancing low-cost, high-energy SMBs and supporting the transition to sustainable battery technologies. High-voltage, anode-free sodium metal batteries combine high energy density and sustainability, but the lack of suitable electrolytes hinders their application. This work formulates an eco-friendly electrolyte design that supports exciting performance in such batteries.","PeriodicalId":19056,"journal":{"name":"Nature Sustainability","volume":"9 2","pages":"306-316"},"PeriodicalIF":27.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147275135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-05DOI: 10.1038/s41893-025-01689-4
Daniel Chrisendo, Venla Niva, Roman Hoffmann, Sina Masoumzadeh Sayyar, Juan Rocha, Vilma Sandström, Frederick Solt, Matti Kummu
Income inequality is one of the most important measures to indicate socioeconomic welfare and quality of life, and has implications for the environment. Yet, especially at the subnational level, comprehensive global data on income distribution are widely missing. Such data are essential for assessing patterns of inequality within countries and their development over time. Here we created seamless global subnational Gini coefficient and gross national income purchasing power parity per capita datasets for the period 1990–2023 and used these to assess the status and trends of income inequality and income, as well as their interplay. We show that while gross national income has increased for most people globally (94%), inequality has also increased for around 46–59% (depending on the national dataset used) of the global population, while it has decreased for 31–36% and has not shown a significant trend for 10–18%. We illustrate heterogeneities in inequality trends between and within countries, analyse plausible confounding factors related to inequality, and highlight the broad utility of the datasets through a case study that investigates correlations with terrestrial ecological diversity. Our dataset and analyses provide valuable insights for relevant stakeholders to direct future research and make informed decisions at the global, national and subnational levels, addressing societal, economic and environmental challenges caused by inequality. The lack of income distribution data hinders the study of income inequality, which is critical for sustainable development. This study now provides subnational global datasets to assess the problem and shows rising income levels worldwide and rising inequality for many over the past 30 years.
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