Pub Date : 2024-09-17DOI: 10.1038/s41893-024-01411-w
Philip Wollburg, Yannick Markhof, Thomas Bentze, Giulia Ponzini
Climate change is affecting the frequency and severity of extreme weather events, such as droughts or floods, which result in loss and damage to people, crops and infrastructure. Global data on loss and damage used in research, policy and media primarily come from macrostatistics based on disaster inventories. Here, we propose a different approach, based on survey microdata. We harmonize data from 120,000 agricultural fields in six African countries for a period from 2008 to 2019 and quantify crop production losses related to climate shocks. We find substantial damages which affect around 35% of plots and reduce national crop production by 29% on average. The economic impacts are greater than the global disaster data suggest. The economic losses resulting from droughts and flood alone are US$5.1 billion higher than reported in disaster inventories, affecting between 145 and 170 million people. The difference stems mostly from smaller and less severe but frequent adverse events that go under-reported or undetected in disaster inventories and therefore elude macrostatistics and reporting. The findings have implications for measurement and policies related to loss and damage and disaster risk reduction. Estimating losses and damages caused by climate change is central to developing equitable climate policy. Microdata surveys have the potential to expose losses and damages among smallholder farmers that may otherwise be overlooked.
{"title":"Substantial impacts of climate shocks in African smallholder agriculture","authors":"Philip Wollburg, Yannick Markhof, Thomas Bentze, Giulia Ponzini","doi":"10.1038/s41893-024-01411-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41893-024-01411-w","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change is affecting the frequency and severity of extreme weather events, such as droughts or floods, which result in loss and damage to people, crops and infrastructure. Global data on loss and damage used in research, policy and media primarily come from macrostatistics based on disaster inventories. Here, we propose a different approach, based on survey microdata. We harmonize data from 120,000 agricultural fields in six African countries for a period from 2008 to 2019 and quantify crop production losses related to climate shocks. We find substantial damages which affect around 35% of plots and reduce national crop production by 29% on average. The economic impacts are greater than the global disaster data suggest. The economic losses resulting from droughts and flood alone are US$5.1 billion higher than reported in disaster inventories, affecting between 145 and 170 million people. The difference stems mostly from smaller and less severe but frequent adverse events that go under-reported or undetected in disaster inventories and therefore elude macrostatistics and reporting. The findings have implications for measurement and policies related to loss and damage and disaster risk reduction. Estimating losses and damages caused by climate change is central to developing equitable climate policy. Microdata surveys have the potential to expose losses and damages among smallholder farmers that may otherwise be overlooked.","PeriodicalId":19056,"journal":{"name":"Nature Sustainability","volume":"7 11","pages":"1525-1534"},"PeriodicalIF":25.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142672805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-17DOI: 10.1038/s41893-024-01425-4
David Kaufmann, Michael Wicki, Stefan Wittwer, Jake Stephan
Cities are critical for achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Their urban sustainable development (USD) plans and policies cover a wide range of issues, such as biodiversity protection, transportation or poverty reduction. Yet, such policy-making may lack democratic legitimacy if these policies are out of step with the demands and concerns of residents. Considering this, the present study compares residents’ preferences about USD policy issues with the priorities set out in existing USD policy plans. We scrutinized the preferences of 5,800 residents across eight European cities through the application of survey experiments and simultaneously examined 166 existing USD policy plans from these cities and compared them with the survey results. Our findings indicate an on average high acceptance of USD (72.61%) but with substantial democratic discrepancies: while USD policy plans predominantly prioritize issues, such as biodiversity, education and transportation, residents expressed preferences for issues linked to their essential and everyday needs, such as cost of living, public health and poverty. These democratic discrepancies between residents’ priorities and the content of USD policy plans highlight the necessity of securing basic human needs as integral aspects of USD to foster a more profound and democratically supported urban socio-ecological sustainability transformation. This study finds that residents in European cities prioritize urban sustainable development policies that address basic human needs such as the cost of living and poverty alleviation, while existing policies focus more on issues such as biodiversity and public transport. These discrepancies suggest that sustainability policies may lack democratic legitimacy.
{"title":"Democratic discrepancies in urban sustainable development","authors":"David Kaufmann, Michael Wicki, Stefan Wittwer, Jake Stephan","doi":"10.1038/s41893-024-01425-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41893-024-01425-4","url":null,"abstract":"Cities are critical for achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Their urban sustainable development (USD) plans and policies cover a wide range of issues, such as biodiversity protection, transportation or poverty reduction. Yet, such policy-making may lack democratic legitimacy if these policies are out of step with the demands and concerns of residents. Considering this, the present study compares residents’ preferences about USD policy issues with the priorities set out in existing USD policy plans. We scrutinized the preferences of 5,800 residents across eight European cities through the application of survey experiments and simultaneously examined 166 existing USD policy plans from these cities and compared them with the survey results. Our findings indicate an on average high acceptance of USD (72.61%) but with substantial democratic discrepancies: while USD policy plans predominantly prioritize issues, such as biodiversity, education and transportation, residents expressed preferences for issues linked to their essential and everyday needs, such as cost of living, public health and poverty. These democratic discrepancies between residents’ priorities and the content of USD policy plans highlight the necessity of securing basic human needs as integral aspects of USD to foster a more profound and democratically supported urban socio-ecological sustainability transformation. This study finds that residents in European cities prioritize urban sustainable development policies that address basic human needs such as the cost of living and poverty alleviation, while existing policies focus more on issues such as biodiversity and public transport. These discrepancies suggest that sustainability policies may lack democratic legitimacy.","PeriodicalId":19056,"journal":{"name":"Nature Sustainability","volume":"7 11","pages":"1409-1418"},"PeriodicalIF":25.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41893-024-01425-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142672764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-13DOI: 10.1038/s41893-024-01430-7
Lennart Quante, Sven N. Willner, Christian Otto, Anders Levermann
Temperature and precipitation variability and extremes impact production globally. These production disruptions will change with future warming, impacting consumers locally as well as remotely through supply chains. Due to a potentially nonlinear economic response, trade impacts are difficult to quantify; empirical assessments rather focus on the direct inequality impacts of weather extremes. Here, simulating global economic interactions of profit-maximizing firms and utility-optimizing consumers, we assess risks to consumption resulting from weather-induced production disruptions along supply chains. Across countries, risks are highest for middle-income countries due to unfavourable trade dependence and seasonal climate exposure. We also find that risks increase in most countries under future climate change. Global warming increases consumer risks locally and through supply chains. However, high-income consumers face the greatest risk increase. Overall, risks are heterogeneous regarding income within and between countries, such that targeted local and global resilience building may reduce them. It is hard to study weather-induced impacts on consumption as supply-chain effects cause a nonlinear economic response. Here consumption risks due to weather-induced production disruptions along supply chains are assessed considering income inequality within and across countries.
{"title":"Global economic impact of weather variability on the rich and the poor","authors":"Lennart Quante, Sven N. Willner, Christian Otto, Anders Levermann","doi":"10.1038/s41893-024-01430-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41893-024-01430-7","url":null,"abstract":"Temperature and precipitation variability and extremes impact production globally. These production disruptions will change with future warming, impacting consumers locally as well as remotely through supply chains. Due to a potentially nonlinear economic response, trade impacts are difficult to quantify; empirical assessments rather focus on the direct inequality impacts of weather extremes. Here, simulating global economic interactions of profit-maximizing firms and utility-optimizing consumers, we assess risks to consumption resulting from weather-induced production disruptions along supply chains. Across countries, risks are highest for middle-income countries due to unfavourable trade dependence and seasonal climate exposure. We also find that risks increase in most countries under future climate change. Global warming increases consumer risks locally and through supply chains. However, high-income consumers face the greatest risk increase. Overall, risks are heterogeneous regarding income within and between countries, such that targeted local and global resilience building may reduce them. It is hard to study weather-induced impacts on consumption as supply-chain effects cause a nonlinear economic response. Here consumption risks due to weather-induced production disruptions along supply chains are assessed considering income inequality within and across countries.","PeriodicalId":19056,"journal":{"name":"Nature Sustainability","volume":"7 11","pages":"1419-1428"},"PeriodicalIF":25.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41893-024-01430-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142672776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-12DOI: 10.1038/s41893-024-01434-3
Maximilian Nicolaus Burger, Donia Mahabadi, Björn Vollan
To transform global policies and actions on climate change, Meadows’ leverage framework highlights the need to identify deep leverage points such as mindset and paradigm shifts. Our analysis focuses on the mindset of climate delegates regarding the paradigm that technological innovation can achieve the 1.5 °C target without systemic changes. Surveying delegates from the 24th Conference of the Parties (COP24) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) reveals that respondents believing in technological solutions indeed support less stringent climate policies. Within high-level conferences devoted to climate or sustainability action, differences in views can lead to differences in policy. This study surveyed how delegates at COP24 perceived the efficacy of technology and climate targets.
为了改变全球气候变化政策和行动，Meadows 的杠杆框架强调需要确定深层次的杠杆点，如思维模式和范式转变。我们的分析侧重于气候问题代表的思维模式，即技术创新可以在不进行系统变革的情况下实现 1.5 °C 的目标。对《联合国气候变化框架公约》（UNFCCC）第 24 届缔约方大会（COP24）代表的调查显示，相信技术解决方案的受访者确实支持较宽松的气候政策。在专门讨论气候或可持续发展行动的高级别会议上，观点的不同会导致政策的不同。本研究调查了参加 COP24 的代表如何看待技术和气候目标的功效。
{"title":"Technology-minded climate delegates support less stringent climate policies","authors":"Maximilian Nicolaus Burger, Donia Mahabadi, Björn Vollan","doi":"10.1038/s41893-024-01434-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41893-024-01434-3","url":null,"abstract":"To transform global policies and actions on climate change, Meadows’ leverage framework highlights the need to identify deep leverage points such as mindset and paradigm shifts. Our analysis focuses on the mindset of climate delegates regarding the paradigm that technological innovation can achieve the 1.5 °C target without systemic changes. Surveying delegates from the 24th Conference of the Parties (COP24) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) reveals that respondents believing in technological solutions indeed support less stringent climate policies. Within high-level conferences devoted to climate or sustainability action, differences in views can lead to differences in policy. This study surveyed how delegates at COP24 perceived the efficacy of technology and climate targets.","PeriodicalId":19056,"journal":{"name":"Nature Sustainability","volume":"7 11","pages":"1405-1408"},"PeriodicalIF":25.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142672798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-09DOI: 10.1038/s41893-024-01423-6
Min Zheng, Zhetai Hu, Tao Liu, Mathieu Sperandio, Eveline I. P. Volcke, Zhiyao Wang, Xiaodi Hao, Haoran Duan, Siegfried E. Vlaeminck, Kangning Xu, Zhiqiang Zuo, Jianhua Guo, Xia Huang, Glen T. Daigger, Willy Verstraete, Mark C. M. van Loosdrecht, Zhiguo Yuan
The ongoing paradigm shift in sewage management from pollution control to resource recovery is an integral part of a circular economy. Efforts have traditionally concentrated on the recovery of organic carbon as bioenergy, and nitrogen and phosphorus as nutrients. In the past decade, technologies have been developed to recover high-value commodities. Simultaneously, innovative processes have been proposed to produce chemical agents that can be immediately reused in the sewage system to facilitate sewage management. This Review evaluates these latest developments and the underpinning scientific discoveries, identifies the key challenges, and outlines a roadmap towards greener and more sustainable sewage management. The paradigm shift in sewage management from pollution control to resource recovery is highly desired from a circular economy perspective. This Review presents the latest developments and the key challenges in this field and outlines a roadmap towards greener and more sustainable sewage management.
{"title":"Pathways to advanced resource recovery from sewage","authors":"Min Zheng, Zhetai Hu, Tao Liu, Mathieu Sperandio, Eveline I. P. Volcke, Zhiyao Wang, Xiaodi Hao, Haoran Duan, Siegfried E. Vlaeminck, Kangning Xu, Zhiqiang Zuo, Jianhua Guo, Xia Huang, Glen T. Daigger, Willy Verstraete, Mark C. M. van Loosdrecht, Zhiguo Yuan","doi":"10.1038/s41893-024-01423-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41893-024-01423-6","url":null,"abstract":"The ongoing paradigm shift in sewage management from pollution control to resource recovery is an integral part of a circular economy. Efforts have traditionally concentrated on the recovery of organic carbon as bioenergy, and nitrogen and phosphorus as nutrients. In the past decade, technologies have been developed to recover high-value commodities. Simultaneously, innovative processes have been proposed to produce chemical agents that can be immediately reused in the sewage system to facilitate sewage management. This Review evaluates these latest developments and the underpinning scientific discoveries, identifies the key challenges, and outlines a roadmap towards greener and more sustainable sewage management. The paradigm shift in sewage management from pollution control to resource recovery is highly desired from a circular economy perspective. This Review presents the latest developments and the key challenges in this field and outlines a roadmap towards greener and more sustainable sewage management.","PeriodicalId":19056,"journal":{"name":"Nature Sustainability","volume":"7 11","pages":"1395-1404"},"PeriodicalIF":25.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142672787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-05DOI: 10.1038/s41893-024-01432-5
Julia S. Caserto, Lyndsey Wright, Corey Reese, Matthew Huang, Mary K. Salcedo, Stephanie Fuchs, Sunghwan Jung, Scott H. McArt, Minglin Ma
Bees provide crucial pollination services for crop cultivation, contributing billions of dollars to the global agricultural economy. However, exposure to pesticides such as neonicotinoids represents a major problem for bee health, necessitating strategies that can improve agricultural sustainability and pollinator health. Here we report a simple and scalable solution, through ingestible hydrogel microparticles (IHMs), which can capture neonicotinoids in vitro and in the bee gastrointestinal tract to mitigate the harmful effects of pesticides. Using the common eastern bumblebee (Bombus impatiens) as a model species and the neonicotinoid imidacloprid, we demonstrated by means of lethal and sublethal assays the substantial benefits of IHM treatments. Under lethal exposure of imidacloprid, bumblebees that received IHM treatment exhibited a 30% increase in survival relative to groups without IHM treatment. After a sublethal exposure of 5 ng, IHM treatment resulted in improved feeding motivation and a 44% increase in the number of bees that engaged in locomotor activity. Wingbeat frequency was significantly lower after a single 5 or 10 ng imidacloprid dose; however, IHM treatment improved wingbeat frequency. Overall, the IHMs improved bumblebee health, and with further optimization have the potential to benefit apiculture and reduce risk during crop pollination by managed bees. Bees are important components of sustainable agriculture through their pollination services, however, they are susceptible to pesticide toxicity. This study presents an ingestible hydrogel microparticle technology that can lessen the detrimental effects of toxicity from the imidacloprid pesticide.
蜜蜂为作物栽培提供了重要的授粉服务，为全球农业经济贡献了数十亿美元。然而，暴露于新烟碱类杀虫剂是蜜蜂健康的一个主要问题，因此需要制定能够改善农业可持续性和授粉者健康的策略。在此，我们报告了一种简单且可扩展的解决方案，即通过可摄取的水凝胶微颗粒（IHMs），在体外和蜜蜂胃肠道中捕获新烟碱类杀虫剂，以减轻杀虫剂的有害影响。我们以常见的东方熊蜂（Bombus impatiens）和新烟碱吡虫啉为模式物种，通过致死和亚致死试验证明了 IHM 处理的巨大益处。在吡虫啉的致死暴露下，接受 IHM 处理的大黄蜂的存活率比未接受 IHM 处理的大黄蜂提高了 30%。在 5 毫微克的亚致死暴露后，IHM 处理可提高蜜蜂的摄食积极性，并使参与运动活动的蜜蜂数量增加 44%。单次服用 5 或 10 毫微克吡虫啉后，蜜蜂的振翅频率明显降低；然而，IHM 处理可提高振翅频率。总体而言，IHMs 改善了熊蜂的健康状况，在进一步优化后，有可能有利于养蜂业，并降低管理蜜蜂在作物授粉过程中的风险。蜜蜂的授粉服务是可持续农业的重要组成部分，但它们很容易受到杀虫剂毒性的影响。本研究介绍了一种可摄取的水凝胶微粒技术，该技术可减轻吡虫啉杀虫剂毒性的有害影响。
{"title":"Ingestible hydrogel microparticles improve bee health after pesticide exposure","authors":"Julia S. Caserto, Lyndsey Wright, Corey Reese, Matthew Huang, Mary K. Salcedo, Stephanie Fuchs, Sunghwan Jung, Scott H. McArt, Minglin Ma","doi":"10.1038/s41893-024-01432-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41893-024-01432-5","url":null,"abstract":"Bees provide crucial pollination services for crop cultivation, contributing billions of dollars to the global agricultural economy. However, exposure to pesticides such as neonicotinoids represents a major problem for bee health, necessitating strategies that can improve agricultural sustainability and pollinator health. Here we report a simple and scalable solution, through ingestible hydrogel microparticles (IHMs), which can capture neonicotinoids in vitro and in the bee gastrointestinal tract to mitigate the harmful effects of pesticides. Using the common eastern bumblebee (Bombus impatiens) as a model species and the neonicotinoid imidacloprid, we demonstrated by means of lethal and sublethal assays the substantial benefits of IHM treatments. Under lethal exposure of imidacloprid, bumblebees that received IHM treatment exhibited a 30% increase in survival relative to groups without IHM treatment. After a sublethal exposure of 5 ng, IHM treatment resulted in improved feeding motivation and a 44% increase in the number of bees that engaged in locomotor activity. Wingbeat frequency was significantly lower after a single 5 or 10 ng imidacloprid dose; however, IHM treatment improved wingbeat frequency. Overall, the IHMs improved bumblebee health, and with further optimization have the potential to benefit apiculture and reduce risk during crop pollination by managed bees. Bees are important components of sustainable agriculture through their pollination services, however, they are susceptible to pesticide toxicity. This study presents an ingestible hydrogel microparticle technology that can lessen the detrimental effects of toxicity from the imidacloprid pesticide.","PeriodicalId":19056,"journal":{"name":"Nature Sustainability","volume":"7 11","pages":"1441-1451"},"PeriodicalIF":25.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142672789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-04DOI: 10.1038/s41893-024-01422-7
Cheng Huang, Jake Rice, Andries Richter, Kaiwen Zhou, Yi Wang, Chentao Wei, Emilio Pagani-Núñez, Philipp N. Maleko, Xiong Zhang, Tien Ming Lee, Yang Liu
Reducing fisheries bycatches of vulnerable species is critical to marine biodiversity conservation and sustainable fisheries development. Although various preventive technical measures have been implemented, their overall effects are poorly understood. Here, we used a meta-analysis approach to quantify the effects of 42 technical measures on the target catch and the bycatch of seabirds, elasmobranchs, marine mammals and sea turtles. We showed that these measures generally reduced the bycatch while having no statistically significant effect on the target catch. Sensory-based measures generally outperformed physical-based ones in reducing the bycatch. Mitigation measures that worked well for several fishing gears or taxa, although useful, were very rare. Most of the adoptions by regional fisheries management organizations (59%) were supported by our findings, although many others are yet to be robustly evaluated. Our study encourages the innovation and adoption of technical measures and provides crucial insights for policy-making and further research in sustainable bycatch management. Various preventive measures are used to avoid non-target species or bycatch in fishing operations, but the success of such measures is not well understood. This study evaluates the effects of technical mitigation measures on both vulnerable marine fauna bycatch and target catch.
{"title":"Effects of fishery bycatch-mitigation measures on vulnerable marine fauna and target catch","authors":"Cheng Huang, Jake Rice, Andries Richter, Kaiwen Zhou, Yi Wang, Chentao Wei, Emilio Pagani-Núñez, Philipp N. Maleko, Xiong Zhang, Tien Ming Lee, Yang Liu","doi":"10.1038/s41893-024-01422-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41893-024-01422-7","url":null,"abstract":"Reducing fisheries bycatches of vulnerable species is critical to marine biodiversity conservation and sustainable fisheries development. Although various preventive technical measures have been implemented, their overall effects are poorly understood. Here, we used a meta-analysis approach to quantify the effects of 42 technical measures on the target catch and the bycatch of seabirds, elasmobranchs, marine mammals and sea turtles. We showed that these measures generally reduced the bycatch while having no statistically significant effect on the target catch. Sensory-based measures generally outperformed physical-based ones in reducing the bycatch. Mitigation measures that worked well for several fishing gears or taxa, although useful, were very rare. Most of the adoptions by regional fisheries management organizations (59%) were supported by our findings, although many others are yet to be robustly evaluated. Our study encourages the innovation and adoption of technical measures and provides crucial insights for policy-making and further research in sustainable bycatch management. Various preventive measures are used to avoid non-target species or bycatch in fishing operations, but the success of such measures is not well understood. This study evaluates the effects of technical mitigation measures on both vulnerable marine fauna bycatch and target catch.","PeriodicalId":19056,"journal":{"name":"Nature Sustainability","volume":"7 11","pages":"1535-1545"},"PeriodicalIF":25.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142672777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-04DOI: 10.1038/s41893-024-01424-5
Angelo C. Gurgel, Joaquim E. A. Seabra, Sofia M. Arantes, Marcelo M. R. Moreira, Lee R. Lynd, Rosana Galindo
Sustainable energy and food production can include double-cropping where two crops are produced sequentially on land required for one crop to maximize resource use. In Brazil, this system involves maize being planted as a second crop following soybean to generate ethanol, thus allowing for combined food–energy production. However, the impacts of such production systems on several sustainable development goals (SDG) and associated indirect land-use changes have not yet fully been explored. We evaluate the fast-expanding food–energy system of double-cropped maize ethanol in the Central-West region of Brazil with respect to SDG impacts, combining life-cycle environmental and computable general equilibrium socio-economic models. We find that this system provides renewable and affordable energy (5 billion litres of ethanol, 600 GWh of electrical power) and feed (4 million tons of distillers dried grains), reduces greenhouse gas emissions (9.3 million to 13.2 million tCO2e), saves land (160,000 ha), boosts regional income and consumption, improves food security and benefits ecosystems and human health. Underlying drivers associated with this were the integration of feedstock supply into existing practices and the use of eucalyptus chips to provide process energy. The sustainability of this production system is improved further by carbon capture and storage. Combined food–energy production systems can help improve resource-use efficiency, but the extent to which such systems contribute to sustainable development has not yet been fully explored. This study evaluates this system in double-cropped maize ethanol production in Brazil.
{"title":"Contribution of double-cropped maize ethanol in Brazil to sustainable development","authors":"Angelo C. Gurgel, Joaquim E. A. Seabra, Sofia M. Arantes, Marcelo M. R. Moreira, Lee R. Lynd, Rosana Galindo","doi":"10.1038/s41893-024-01424-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41893-024-01424-5","url":null,"abstract":"Sustainable energy and food production can include double-cropping where two crops are produced sequentially on land required for one crop to maximize resource use. In Brazil, this system involves maize being planted as a second crop following soybean to generate ethanol, thus allowing for combined food–energy production. However, the impacts of such production systems on several sustainable development goals (SDG) and associated indirect land-use changes have not yet fully been explored. We evaluate the fast-expanding food–energy system of double-cropped maize ethanol in the Central-West region of Brazil with respect to SDG impacts, combining life-cycle environmental and computable general equilibrium socio-economic models. We find that this system provides renewable and affordable energy (5 billion litres of ethanol, 600 GWh of electrical power) and feed (4 million tons of distillers dried grains), reduces greenhouse gas emissions (9.3 million to 13.2 million tCO2e), saves land (160,000 ha), boosts regional income and consumption, improves food security and benefits ecosystems and human health. Underlying drivers associated with this were the integration of feedstock supply into existing practices and the use of eucalyptus chips to provide process energy. The sustainability of this production system is improved further by carbon capture and storage. Combined food–energy production systems can help improve resource-use efficiency, but the extent to which such systems contribute to sustainable development has not yet been fully explored. This study evaluates this system in double-cropped maize ethanol production in Brazil.","PeriodicalId":19056,"journal":{"name":"Nature Sustainability","volume":"7 11","pages":"1429-1440"},"PeriodicalIF":25.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41893-024-01424-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142672763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As the most abundant and renewable biopolymer, cellulose has found applications in a range of fields such as healthcare, packaging, electronics and environmental remediation, contributing to the transition towards sustainability. Here we apply a green and scalable process transforming cellulose to a robust electrolyte exhibiting lithium (Li) ion conductivity of 1.09 × 10−3 S cm−1 with a transference number of 0.81 and mechanical strength of 12 MPa. Our process takes advantage of the rich hydroxyl groups in the cellulose which are replaced by phthalic anhydride through an esterification reaction to form cellulose phthalate (CP). Combined experimental and theoretical analyses reveal that the introduction of phthalate groups is essential to not only ensure effective multi-oxygen interaction with Li ions to create fast ion transportation channels, but also facilitates the intermolecular hydrogen bond responsible for the impressive mechanical properties. The CP biopolymer film is even compatible with most commercial cathode materials, and our solid-state Li/CP/LiFePO4 cells show better performance and notably good stability over 1,000 cycles than that of a baseline Li-ion cell with a flammable organic liquid electrolyte. Our study unlocks the enormous potential of cellulose utilization in batteries and opens an avenue for the development of abundant and sustainable solid-state electrolytes. Cellulose is the most abundant renewable biopolymer resource in nature. Here the authors convert cellulose to an electrolyte through molecular engineering showing good performance in solid-state Li-ion batteries.
{"title":"Molecular engineering of renewable cellulose biopolymers for solid-state battery electrolytes","authors":"Jinyang Li, Ziyang Hu, Sidong Zhang, Hongshen Zhang, Sijie Guo, Guiming Zhong, Yan Qiao, Zhangquan Peng, Yutao Li, Shuguang Chen, GuanHua Chen, An-Min Cao","doi":"10.1038/s41893-024-01414-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41893-024-01414-7","url":null,"abstract":"As the most abundant and renewable biopolymer, cellulose has found applications in a range of fields such as healthcare, packaging, electronics and environmental remediation, contributing to the transition towards sustainability. Here we apply a green and scalable process transforming cellulose to a robust electrolyte exhibiting lithium (Li) ion conductivity of 1.09 × 10−3 S cm−1 with a transference number of 0.81 and mechanical strength of 12 MPa. Our process takes advantage of the rich hydroxyl groups in the cellulose which are replaced by phthalic anhydride through an esterification reaction to form cellulose phthalate (CP). Combined experimental and theoretical analyses reveal that the introduction of phthalate groups is essential to not only ensure effective multi-oxygen interaction with Li ions to create fast ion transportation channels, but also facilitates the intermolecular hydrogen bond responsible for the impressive mechanical properties. The CP biopolymer film is even compatible with most commercial cathode materials, and our solid-state Li/CP/LiFePO4 cells show better performance and notably good stability over 1,000 cycles than that of a baseline Li-ion cell with a flammable organic liquid electrolyte. Our study unlocks the enormous potential of cellulose utilization in batteries and opens an avenue for the development of abundant and sustainable solid-state electrolytes. Cellulose is the most abundant renewable biopolymer resource in nature. Here the authors convert cellulose to an electrolyte through molecular engineering showing good performance in solid-state Li-ion batteries.","PeriodicalId":19056,"journal":{"name":"Nature Sustainability","volume":"7 11","pages":"1481-1491"},"PeriodicalIF":25.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142672767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-02DOI: 10.1038/s41893-024-01421-8
Malte Ladewig, Arild Angelsen, Robert N. Masolele, Colas Chervier
The discovery of valuable minerals in the mineral-abundant eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo can stimulate extensive migration into remote areas of the Congo Basin rainforest. Despite the widespread practice of artisanal mining, its role in the ongoing deforestation has not received adequate attention. Using difference-in-differences estimation, we show that artisanal mining triggers deforestation at least 5 km from mining sites. Within this distance, the onset of mining causes an additional 4 percentage points of forest loss after 10 years. In total, the indirect deforestation caused by mining through the expansion of other land uses is 28 times larger than the forest area directly cleared for mining. Most of this loss is caused by increased farming around mines, followed by forest cleared for settlements. These indirect effects reveal a much larger role played by artisanal mining in deforestation dynamics than previously assumed and explain at least 6.6% of the total deforestation in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. A wealth of critical minerals has driven widespread artisanal mining in the Congo Basin, bringing with it the risk of deforestation. Statistical analysis of remote-sensing data reveals that mining-associated deforestation is dominated by indirect factors, land-use change to support mining communities, rather than the direct impacts of the onset of mining.
{"title":"Deforestation triggered by artisanal mining in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo","authors":"Malte Ladewig, Arild Angelsen, Robert N. Masolele, Colas Chervier","doi":"10.1038/s41893-024-01421-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41893-024-01421-8","url":null,"abstract":"The discovery of valuable minerals in the mineral-abundant eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo can stimulate extensive migration into remote areas of the Congo Basin rainforest. Despite the widespread practice of artisanal mining, its role in the ongoing deforestation has not received adequate attention. Using difference-in-differences estimation, we show that artisanal mining triggers deforestation at least 5 km from mining sites. Within this distance, the onset of mining causes an additional 4 percentage points of forest loss after 10 years. In total, the indirect deforestation caused by mining through the expansion of other land uses is 28 times larger than the forest area directly cleared for mining. Most of this loss is caused by increased farming around mines, followed by forest cleared for settlements. These indirect effects reveal a much larger role played by artisanal mining in deforestation dynamics than previously assumed and explain at least 6.6% of the total deforestation in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. A wealth of critical minerals has driven widespread artisanal mining in the Congo Basin, bringing with it the risk of deforestation. Statistical analysis of remote-sensing data reveals that mining-associated deforestation is dominated by indirect factors, land-use change to support mining communities, rather than the direct impacts of the onset of mining.","PeriodicalId":19056,"journal":{"name":"Nature Sustainability","volume":"7 11","pages":"1452-1460"},"PeriodicalIF":25.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142672783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：