Pub Date : 2024-08-16DOI: 10.1038/s41893-024-01396-6
Jonathan Salerno, Andrea E. Gaughan, Rekha Warrier, Randall Boone, Forrest R. Stevens, Patrick W. Keys, Lazaro Johana Mangewa, Felister Michael Mombo, Alex de Sherbinin, Joel Hartter, Lori Hunter
Human migration is both a consequence and a cause of environmental change. Related scientific and policy discourse focuses largely on international and urban migration, while rural migration receives far less attention. This is despite rural mobility being a key adaptive strategy for smallholders globally in the face of climate, environmental and social change. The integration of migration studies and land system science may serve to advance understanding of rural migration processes, and in turn advance the science of the fields themselves. Such efforts are relevant in an increasingly mobile world where new models and theory will be needed to meaningfully understand migration dynamics within sustainable socio-environmental systems. Migration has become a key research topic in recent years, but rural migration is relatively understudied despite the vast number of people and areas affected around the world. This Perspective lays out critical dimensions and dynamics that are worth examining.
{"title":"Rural migration under climate and land systems change","authors":"Jonathan Salerno, Andrea E. Gaughan, Rekha Warrier, Randall Boone, Forrest R. Stevens, Patrick W. Keys, Lazaro Johana Mangewa, Felister Michael Mombo, Alex de Sherbinin, Joel Hartter, Lori Hunter","doi":"10.1038/s41893-024-01396-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41893-024-01396-6","url":null,"abstract":"Human migration is both a consequence and a cause of environmental change. Related scientific and policy discourse focuses largely on international and urban migration, while rural migration receives far less attention. This is despite rural mobility being a key adaptive strategy for smallholders globally in the face of climate, environmental and social change. The integration of migration studies and land system science may serve to advance understanding of rural migration processes, and in turn advance the science of the fields themselves. Such efforts are relevant in an increasingly mobile world where new models and theory will be needed to meaningfully understand migration dynamics within sustainable socio-environmental systems. Migration has become a key research topic in recent years, but rural migration is relatively understudied despite the vast number of people and areas affected around the world. This Perspective lays out critical dimensions and dynamics that are worth examining.","PeriodicalId":19056,"journal":{"name":"Nature Sustainability","volume":"7 9","pages":"1092-1101"},"PeriodicalIF":25.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142273330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-13DOI: 10.1038/s41893-024-01410-x
Julia M. Schneider, Ruth Delzeit, Christian Neumann, Tobias Heimann, Ralf Seppelt, Franziska Schuenemann, Mareike Söder, Wolfram Mauser, Florian Zabel
Biodiversity protection and climate change mitigation require understanding of the potential trade-offs from possible future cropland expansion. Here we apply an interdisciplinary coupled modelling approach to identify areas under the globally highest expansion pressure of 1% to 30% future cropland expansion by 2030. On the basis of recent projections, we analyse the potential impacts on agricultural markets, biodiversity and CO2 land-use emissions of a 3.6% global cropland expansion scenario by 2030. We assess how global conservation policies could shift expansion pressure and alter the ensuing impacts. Our results confirm that the areas under pressure are located mainly in the tropics. A cropland expansion of 3.6% increases global agricultural production by 2%. The associated land-use change generates 17.1 Gt CO2 emissions and leads to a further decline in biodiversity intactness of 26% in the expanded areas. Conservation policies prohibiting the expansion into forests, wetlands and existing protected areas could substantially reduce emissions from land-use change, maintaining global agricultural productivity, but might have contrary effects on biodiversity. Strategic land-use planning could help reconcile agricultural production with environmental protection. The map of areas under expansion pressure presented here could contribute to improving the spatial planning of conservation measures. Understanding the various and multiple trade-offs of land-use changes and cropland expansion can contribute to more sustainable policies. A study explores future scenarios of cropland expansion along with the trade-offs in agricultural production and markets, biodiversity and CO2 emissions.
{"title":"Effects of profit-driven cropland expansion and conservation policies","authors":"Julia M. Schneider, Ruth Delzeit, Christian Neumann, Tobias Heimann, Ralf Seppelt, Franziska Schuenemann, Mareike Söder, Wolfram Mauser, Florian Zabel","doi":"10.1038/s41893-024-01410-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41893-024-01410-x","url":null,"abstract":"Biodiversity protection and climate change mitigation require understanding of the potential trade-offs from possible future cropland expansion. Here we apply an interdisciplinary coupled modelling approach to identify areas under the globally highest expansion pressure of 1% to 30% future cropland expansion by 2030. On the basis of recent projections, we analyse the potential impacts on agricultural markets, biodiversity and CO2 land-use emissions of a 3.6% global cropland expansion scenario by 2030. We assess how global conservation policies could shift expansion pressure and alter the ensuing impacts. Our results confirm that the areas under pressure are located mainly in the tropics. A cropland expansion of 3.6% increases global agricultural production by 2%. The associated land-use change generates 17.1 Gt CO2 emissions and leads to a further decline in biodiversity intactness of 26% in the expanded areas. Conservation policies prohibiting the expansion into forests, wetlands and existing protected areas could substantially reduce emissions from land-use change, maintaining global agricultural productivity, but might have contrary effects on biodiversity. Strategic land-use planning could help reconcile agricultural production with environmental protection. The map of areas under expansion pressure presented here could contribute to improving the spatial planning of conservation measures. Understanding the various and multiple trade-offs of land-use changes and cropland expansion can contribute to more sustainable policies. A study explores future scenarios of cropland expansion along with the trade-offs in agricultural production and markets, biodiversity and CO2 emissions.","PeriodicalId":19056,"journal":{"name":"Nature Sustainability","volume":"7 10","pages":"1335-1347"},"PeriodicalIF":25.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142487189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-08DOI: 10.1038/s41893-024-01392-w
Erik Zhivkoplias, Jean-Baptiste Jouffray, Paul Dunshirn, Agnes Pranindita, Robert Blasiak
Marine bioprospecting, which involves the exploration of genetic and biochemical material from marine organisms, can be used towards addressing a broad range of public and environmental health applications such as disease treatment, diagnostics and bioremediation. Marine genetic resources are important reservoirs for such bioprospecting efforts; however, the extent to which they are used commercially for natural product discovery and the marine sources from which they are derived are not well understood. Here we introduce a comprehensive database of marine genes referenced in patent filings, the Marine Bioprospecting Patent database. It includes 92,550 protein-coding sequences associated with 4,779 patent filings, identified by analysing all relevant records from genetic sequence databases. Three companies alone—BASF, IFF and DuPont—included sequences from 949 species (more than half of referenced species with identified marine origin). Microbial life in the deep sea, a vast and remote biome predominantly beyond national jurisdiction, is already attracting substantial economic interest; the top ten patent holders have all filed marine gene patents referencing sequences from deep-sea life. Our findings provide an updated understanding of the marine bioprospecting landscape, contribute to the sustainable use of marine biodiversity and underscore the need for policymakers to ensure stewardship of deep-sea ecosystems. Marine genetic resources are important reservoirs for biodiscovery compounds that can help address public and environmental health challenges. This study presents a database and analysis on the commercial use of marine genetic resources towards the sustainable use of marine biodiversity.
{"title":"Growing prominence of deep-sea life in marine bioprospecting","authors":"Erik Zhivkoplias, Jean-Baptiste Jouffray, Paul Dunshirn, Agnes Pranindita, Robert Blasiak","doi":"10.1038/s41893-024-01392-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41893-024-01392-w","url":null,"abstract":"Marine bioprospecting, which involves the exploration of genetic and biochemical material from marine organisms, can be used towards addressing a broad range of public and environmental health applications such as disease treatment, diagnostics and bioremediation. Marine genetic resources are important reservoirs for such bioprospecting efforts; however, the extent to which they are used commercially for natural product discovery and the marine sources from which they are derived are not well understood. Here we introduce a comprehensive database of marine genes referenced in patent filings, the Marine Bioprospecting Patent database. It includes 92,550 protein-coding sequences associated with 4,779 patent filings, identified by analysing all relevant records from genetic sequence databases. Three companies alone—BASF, IFF and DuPont—included sequences from 949 species (more than half of referenced species with identified marine origin). Microbial life in the deep sea, a vast and remote biome predominantly beyond national jurisdiction, is already attracting substantial economic interest; the top ten patent holders have all filed marine gene patents referencing sequences from deep-sea life. Our findings provide an updated understanding of the marine bioprospecting landscape, contribute to the sustainable use of marine biodiversity and underscore the need for policymakers to ensure stewardship of deep-sea ecosystems. Marine genetic resources are important reservoirs for biodiscovery compounds that can help address public and environmental health challenges. This study presents a database and analysis on the commercial use of marine genetic resources towards the sustainable use of marine biodiversity.","PeriodicalId":19056,"journal":{"name":"Nature Sustainability","volume":"7 8","pages":"1027-1037"},"PeriodicalIF":25.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41893-024-01392-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141929469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-08DOI: 10.1038/s41893-024-01397-5
Arunima Malik, Manfred Lenzen, Mengyu Li, Camille Mora, Sarah Carter, Stefan Giljum, Stephan Lutter, Jorge Gómez-Paredes
The influence of international trade on the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals is multi-faceted. International trade can either promote or hinder progress, thus directly impacting people, economies and livelihoods. Here we explore the relevance of consumption-based proxies, which capture global demand for goods and services, to assess progress towards Sustainable Development Goals. We link these proxies to environmental and social issues for understanding trends in international outsourcing of resource and pollution-intensive production. We undertake a temporal assessment from 1990 to 2018 for the Global North and South to highlight polarizing trends that are affecting progress on achieving Sustainable Development Goals. We conclude that global trade can lead to both polarizing and equalizing trends that can influence a country’s ability to meet the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. The role of international trade in achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goals is complex and affects multiple factors differently depending on the development context of each country. This study analyses historic trends and shows how global trade can either promote or hinder progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals.
{"title":"Polarizing and equalizing trends in international trade and Sustainable Development Goals","authors":"Arunima Malik, Manfred Lenzen, Mengyu Li, Camille Mora, Sarah Carter, Stefan Giljum, Stephan Lutter, Jorge Gómez-Paredes","doi":"10.1038/s41893-024-01397-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41893-024-01397-5","url":null,"abstract":"The influence of international trade on the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals is multi-faceted. International trade can either promote or hinder progress, thus directly impacting people, economies and livelihoods. Here we explore the relevance of consumption-based proxies, which capture global demand for goods and services, to assess progress towards Sustainable Development Goals. We link these proxies to environmental and social issues for understanding trends in international outsourcing of resource and pollution-intensive production. We undertake a temporal assessment from 1990 to 2018 for the Global North and South to highlight polarizing trends that are affecting progress on achieving Sustainable Development Goals. We conclude that global trade can lead to both polarizing and equalizing trends that can influence a country’s ability to meet the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. The role of international trade in achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goals is complex and affects multiple factors differently depending on the development context of each country. This study analyses historic trends and shows how global trade can either promote or hinder progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals.","PeriodicalId":19056,"journal":{"name":"Nature Sustainability","volume":"7 10","pages":"1359-1370"},"PeriodicalIF":25.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41893-024-01397-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141926269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-07DOI: 10.1038/s41893-024-01418-3
David Obura, Mishal Gudka, Melita Samoilys, Kennedy Osuka, James Mbugua, David A. Keith, Sean Porter, Ronan Roche, Ruben van Hooidonk, Said Ahamada, Armindo Araman, Juliet Karisa, John Komakoma, Mouchtadi Madi, Isabelle Ravinia, Haja Razafindrainibe, Saleh Yahya, Francisco Zivane
{"title":"Author Correction: Vulnerability to collapse of coral reef ecosystems in the Western Indian Ocean","authors":"David Obura, Mishal Gudka, Melita Samoilys, Kennedy Osuka, James Mbugua, David A. Keith, Sean Porter, Ronan Roche, Ruben van Hooidonk, Said Ahamada, Armindo Araman, Juliet Karisa, John Komakoma, Mouchtadi Madi, Isabelle Ravinia, Haja Razafindrainibe, Saleh Yahya, Francisco Zivane","doi":"10.1038/s41893-024-01418-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41893-024-01418-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19056,"journal":{"name":"Nature Sustainability","volume":"7 9","pages":"1215-1215"},"PeriodicalIF":25.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41893-024-01418-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142273321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-07DOI: 10.1038/s41893-024-01409-4
Chaohuang Chen, Qianhai Zhou, Zhongyuan Guo, Hao Li, Chen Miao, Du Chen, Xiaohong Hu, Xia Feng, Vincent Noël, Subhasis Ghoshal, Gregory V. Lowry, Lizhong Zhu, Daohui Lin, Jiang Xu
Using nanoscale zero-valent iron (nFe0) materials for heavy metal removal is a viable approach for in situ groundwater pollution remediation. However, conventional nFe0 materials have indiscriminate reactivity towards various electron acceptors (for example, water) and just accumulate heavy metals onto the surface, which leads to poor selectivity and short longevity. Here we develop a lattice-sulfur-impregnated nFe0 (S-nFe0), achieving intraparticle sequestration of heavy metals enabled by a boosted Kirkendall-like effect. This metal-encapsulation approach outcompetes water for electrons and efficiently uses Fe-released spots, and the reacted S-nFe0 becomes inert to release metals (78–220× less than nFe0) in real groundwater matrices. The treated groundwater is estimated to meet drinking-water standards with a longevity of over 20–100 years. The synthesis of S-nFe0 has negligible environmental impacts according to Biwer–Heinzle environmental evaluation results. S-nFe0 also shows competitive production and operation costs for metal-contaminated groundwater remediation. Overall this work presents a strategy for achieving metal encapsulation in nFe0, which breaks the reactivity–selectivity–stability trade-offs of redox nanomaterials, providing a powerful tool to tackle groundwater pollution. Nanoscale zero-valent iron (nFe0) materials have a long history in groundwater pollution remediation but conventional nFe0 has intrinsic shortcomings. Here the authors develop a lattice-sulfur-impregnated nFe0 that enables efficient and selective heavy metal removal and long-term metal encapsulation.
{"title":"Lattice-sulfur-impregnated zero-valent iron crystals for long-term metal encapsulation","authors":"Chaohuang Chen, Qianhai Zhou, Zhongyuan Guo, Hao Li, Chen Miao, Du Chen, Xiaohong Hu, Xia Feng, Vincent Noël, Subhasis Ghoshal, Gregory V. Lowry, Lizhong Zhu, Daohui Lin, Jiang Xu","doi":"10.1038/s41893-024-01409-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41893-024-01409-4","url":null,"abstract":"Using nanoscale zero-valent iron (nFe0) materials for heavy metal removal is a viable approach for in situ groundwater pollution remediation. However, conventional nFe0 materials have indiscriminate reactivity towards various electron acceptors (for example, water) and just accumulate heavy metals onto the surface, which leads to poor selectivity and short longevity. Here we develop a lattice-sulfur-impregnated nFe0 (S-nFe0), achieving intraparticle sequestration of heavy metals enabled by a boosted Kirkendall-like effect. This metal-encapsulation approach outcompetes water for electrons and efficiently uses Fe-released spots, and the reacted S-nFe0 becomes inert to release metals (78–220× less than nFe0) in real groundwater matrices. The treated groundwater is estimated to meet drinking-water standards with a longevity of over 20–100 years. The synthesis of S-nFe0 has negligible environmental impacts according to Biwer–Heinzle environmental evaluation results. S-nFe0 also shows competitive production and operation costs for metal-contaminated groundwater remediation. Overall this work presents a strategy for achieving metal encapsulation in nFe0, which breaks the reactivity–selectivity–stability trade-offs of redox nanomaterials, providing a powerful tool to tackle groundwater pollution. Nanoscale zero-valent iron (nFe0) materials have a long history in groundwater pollution remediation but conventional nFe0 has intrinsic shortcomings. Here the authors develop a lattice-sulfur-impregnated nFe0 that enables efficient and selective heavy metal removal and long-term metal encapsulation.","PeriodicalId":19056,"journal":{"name":"Nature Sustainability","volume":"7 10","pages":"1264-1272"},"PeriodicalIF":25.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142487193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-06DOI: 10.1038/s41893-024-01403-w
Tom Swinfield, Siddarth Shrikanth, Joseph W. Bull, Anil Madhavapeddy, Sophus O. S. E. zu Ermgassen
Continuing to produce nature-based credits using dubious accounting methodologies will yield limited carbon and biodiversity gains. Establishing scientific credibility unlocks the potential of credits to meaningfully contribute to targets of the Paris and Kunming-Montreal agreements.
{"title":"Nature-based credit markets at a crossroads","authors":"Tom Swinfield, Siddarth Shrikanth, Joseph W. Bull, Anil Madhavapeddy, Sophus O. S. E. zu Ermgassen","doi":"10.1038/s41893-024-01403-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41893-024-01403-w","url":null,"abstract":"Continuing to produce nature-based credits using dubious accounting methodologies will yield limited carbon and biodiversity gains. Establishing scientific credibility unlocks the potential of credits to meaningfully contribute to targets of the Paris and Kunming-Montreal agreements.","PeriodicalId":19056,"journal":{"name":"Nature Sustainability","volume":"7 10","pages":"1217-1220"},"PeriodicalIF":25.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142487176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-02DOI: 10.1038/s41893-024-01408-5
Phoebe D. Dawkins, Evan A. Fiorenza, Jeffrey L. Gaeckle, Jennifer A. Lanksbury, Jeroen A. J. M. van de Water, William E. Feeney, C. Drew Harvell, Joleah B. Lamb
Urban greening offers an opportunity to reinforce food security and safety. Seagrass ecosystems can reduce human bacterial pathogens from coastal sources, but it remains unknown whether this service is conferred to associated food fish. We find a 65% reduction in human bacterial pathogens from marine bivalves experimentally deployed across coastal urban locations with seagrass present compared with locations with seagrass absent. Our model estimates that 1.1 billion people reside in urban areas within 50 km of a seagrass ecosystem. These results highlight the global opportunity to support human health and biodiversity sustainability targets. Seagrass ecosystems often co-occur with urbanized coastal regions, providing important filtration services that reduce human bacterial pathogens from coastal sources. This study examines whether such filtration function is transferred to food fish such as marine bivalves, and its global applicability.
{"title":"Seagrass ecosystems as green urban infrastructure to mediate human pathogens in seafood","authors":"Phoebe D. Dawkins, Evan A. Fiorenza, Jeffrey L. Gaeckle, Jennifer A. Lanksbury, Jeroen A. J. M. van de Water, William E. Feeney, C. Drew Harvell, Joleah B. Lamb","doi":"10.1038/s41893-024-01408-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41893-024-01408-5","url":null,"abstract":"Urban greening offers an opportunity to reinforce food security and safety. Seagrass ecosystems can reduce human bacterial pathogens from coastal sources, but it remains unknown whether this service is conferred to associated food fish. We find a 65% reduction in human bacterial pathogens from marine bivalves experimentally deployed across coastal urban locations with seagrass present compared with locations with seagrass absent. Our model estimates that 1.1 billion people reside in urban areas within 50 km of a seagrass ecosystem. These results highlight the global opportunity to support human health and biodiversity sustainability targets. Seagrass ecosystems often co-occur with urbanized coastal regions, providing important filtration services that reduce human bacterial pathogens from coastal sources. This study examines whether such filtration function is transferred to food fish such as marine bivalves, and its global applicability.","PeriodicalId":19056,"journal":{"name":"Nature Sustainability","volume":"7 10","pages":"1247-1250"},"PeriodicalIF":25.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142487187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-26DOI: 10.1038/s41893-024-01399-3
Samuel L. Goldberg, Morgan J. Schmidt, Joshua D. Himmelstein, Michael Heckenberger, Bruna Franchetto, Helena Lima, Jennifer Watling, Bruno Moraes, Wetherbee B. Dorshow, Carlos Fausto, Kumessi Waura, Huke Kuikuro, Taku Wate Kuikuro, Afukaka Kuikuro, J. Taylor Perron
Amazonian dark earth (ADE) is highly nutrient- and carbon-rich soil created by past inhabitants of the Amazon. It would be valuable to know the extent of ADE because of its cultural and environmental importance, but systematic efforts to map its distribution and extent are impractical with traditional field methods. We use remote-sensing imagery and a machine-learning classifier with ground-truthed training data to predict the occurrence of ADE across the 26,000 km2 Território Indígena do Xingu (TIX) in the southeastern Amazon region of Brazil. We find widespread ADE across the TIX, well beyond previously studied archaeological sites, occupying at least 3–4% of the land area. We further estimate that the TIX may sequester 9 Mt of carbon within ADE deposits from past human inputs. Our findings show that ancient inhabitants of the TIX substantially modified their environment, highlighting the importance of conserving this natural and cultural resource given threats from climate change and deforestation. Past human land modification in the Amazon has resulted in nutrient- and carbon-rich soil deposits of great cultural and environmental value. A new remote-sensing and machine-learning approach reveals the extent of Amazonian dark earth and its potentially substantial carbon reservoir.
{"title":"Widespread Amazonian dark earth in the Xingu Indigenous Territory","authors":"Samuel L. Goldberg, Morgan J. Schmidt, Joshua D. Himmelstein, Michael Heckenberger, Bruna Franchetto, Helena Lima, Jennifer Watling, Bruno Moraes, Wetherbee B. Dorshow, Carlos Fausto, Kumessi Waura, Huke Kuikuro, Taku Wate Kuikuro, Afukaka Kuikuro, J. Taylor Perron","doi":"10.1038/s41893-024-01399-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41893-024-01399-3","url":null,"abstract":"Amazonian dark earth (ADE) is highly nutrient- and carbon-rich soil created by past inhabitants of the Amazon. It would be valuable to know the extent of ADE because of its cultural and environmental importance, but systematic efforts to map its distribution and extent are impractical with traditional field methods. We use remote-sensing imagery and a machine-learning classifier with ground-truthed training data to predict the occurrence of ADE across the 26,000 km2 Território Indígena do Xingu (TIX) in the southeastern Amazon region of Brazil. We find widespread ADE across the TIX, well beyond previously studied archaeological sites, occupying at least 3–4% of the land area. We further estimate that the TIX may sequester 9 Mt of carbon within ADE deposits from past human inputs. Our findings show that ancient inhabitants of the TIX substantially modified their environment, highlighting the importance of conserving this natural and cultural resource given threats from climate change and deforestation. Past human land modification in the Amazon has resulted in nutrient- and carbon-rich soil deposits of great cultural and environmental value. A new remote-sensing and machine-learning approach reveals the extent of Amazonian dark earth and its potentially substantial carbon reservoir.","PeriodicalId":19056,"journal":{"name":"Nature Sustainability","volume":"7 10","pages":"1304-1312"},"PeriodicalIF":25.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141800508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-25DOI: 10.1038/s41893-024-01400-z
Shu Zhang, Wenying Chen, Qiang Zhang, Volker Krey, Edward Byers, Peter Rafaj, Binh Nguyen, Muhammad Awais, Keywan Riahi
The global net-zero transition needed to combat climate change may have profound effects on the energy–food–water–air quality nexus. Accomplishing the net-zero target while addressing other environmental challenges to achieve sustainable development is a policy pursuit for all. Here we develop a multi-model interconnection assessment framework to explore and quantify the co-benefits and trade-offs of climate action for environment-related sustainable development goals in China. We find that China is making progress towards many of the sustainable development goals, but still insufficiently. The net-zero transition leads to substantial sustainability improvements, particularly in energy and water systems. However, the co-benefits alone cannot ensure a sustainable energy–food–water–air quality system. Moreover, uncoordinated policies may exacerbate threats to energy security and food security as variable renewables and bioenergy expand. We urge the implementation of pragmatic measures to increase incentives for demand management, improve food system efficiency, promote advanced irrigation technology and further strengthen air pollutant control measures. The net-zero transition will bring co-benefits to various sectors but also potential trade-offs that could undermine sustainable development efforts. A study shows that in China, the co-benefits from the transition alone will not secure a sustainable energy–food–water–air quality system.
{"title":"Targeting net-zero emissions while advancing other sustainable development goals in China","authors":"Shu Zhang, Wenying Chen, Qiang Zhang, Volker Krey, Edward Byers, Peter Rafaj, Binh Nguyen, Muhammad Awais, Keywan Riahi","doi":"10.1038/s41893-024-01400-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41893-024-01400-z","url":null,"abstract":"The global net-zero transition needed to combat climate change may have profound effects on the energy–food–water–air quality nexus. Accomplishing the net-zero target while addressing other environmental challenges to achieve sustainable development is a policy pursuit for all. Here we develop a multi-model interconnection assessment framework to explore and quantify the co-benefits and trade-offs of climate action for environment-related sustainable development goals in China. We find that China is making progress towards many of the sustainable development goals, but still insufficiently. The net-zero transition leads to substantial sustainability improvements, particularly in energy and water systems. However, the co-benefits alone cannot ensure a sustainable energy–food–water–air quality system. Moreover, uncoordinated policies may exacerbate threats to energy security and food security as variable renewables and bioenergy expand. We urge the implementation of pragmatic measures to increase incentives for demand management, improve food system efficiency, promote advanced irrigation technology and further strengthen air pollutant control measures. The net-zero transition will bring co-benefits to various sectors but also potential trade-offs that could undermine sustainable development efforts. A study shows that in China, the co-benefits from the transition alone will not secure a sustainable energy–food–water–air quality system.","PeriodicalId":19056,"journal":{"name":"Nature Sustainability","volume":"7 9","pages":"1107-1119"},"PeriodicalIF":25.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141805915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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