Nature Materials最新文献

英文中文

Probing light chirality and spin in two dimensions

IF 37.2 1区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Nature Materials

Pub Date : 2025-01-24 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-024-02110-9

Ning Kang, Lian-Mao Peng

By constructing vertical tunnel junctions based on few-layer indium selenide, a chirality-sensitive detection method is developed, enabling the investigation of the interaction between chiral light and spin in the two-dimensional limit.

引用次数: 0

Ionic polarization modulation for wide-bandgap high-κ 2D insulators 宽禁带高κ 2D绝缘体的离子极化调制

IF 37.2 1区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Nature Materials

Pub Date : 2025-01-23 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-024-02106-5

Yunseok Choi, Seung-Il Kim, Sang-Hoon Bae

2D monocrystalline Gd2O5 is synthesized, which exhibits a wide bandgap with a high dielectric constant (κ), attributed to its strong ionic polarization capability. These properties enable MoS2-based transistors to achieve an exceptionally low subthreshold swing and a high on/off current ratio, highlighting the potential of Gd2O5 for advanced transistor applications.

合成了二维单晶Gd2O5，由于其具有较强的离子极化能力，具有宽的带隙和高的介电常数（κ）。这些特性使基于mos2的晶体管能够实现极低的亚阈值摆幅和高的开/关电流比，突出了Gd2O5在先进晶体管应用中的潜力。

引用次数: 0

Double-sided van der Waals epitaxy of topological insulators across an atomically thin membrane 拓扑绝缘体在原子薄膜上的双面范德华外延

IF 37.2 1区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Nature Materials

Pub Date : 2025-01-22 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-024-02079-5

Joon Young Park, Young Jae Shin, Jeacheol Shin, Jehyun Kim, Janghyun Jo, Hyobin Yoo, Danial Haei, Chohee Hyun, Jiyoung Yun, Robert M. Huber, Arijit Gupta, Kenji Watanabe, Takashi Taniguchi, Wan Kyu Park, Hyeon Suk Shin, Miyoung Kim, Dohun Kim, Gyu-Chul Yi, Philip Kim

Atomically thin van der Waals (vdW) films provide a material platform for the epitaxial growth of quantum heterostructures. However, unlike the remote epitaxial growth of three-dimensional bulk crystals, the growth of two-dimensional material heterostructures across atomic layers has been limited due to the weak vdW interaction. Here we report the double-sided epitaxy of vdW layered materials through atomic membranes. We grow vdW topological insulators Sb2Te3 and Bi2Se3 by molecular-beam epitaxy on both surfaces of atomically thin graphene or hexagonal boron nitride, which serve as suspended two-dimensional vdW substrate layers. Both homo- and hetero-double-sided vdW topological insulator tunnel junctions are fabricated, with the atomically thin hexagonal boron nitride acting as a crystal-momentum-conserving tunnelling barrier with abrupt and epitaxial interfaces. By performing field-angle-dependent magneto-tunnelling spectroscopy on these devices, we reveal the energy–momentum–spin resonance of massless Dirac electrons tunnelling between helical Landau levels developed in the topological surface states at the interfaces. Double-sided epitaxy of van der Waals materials through atomic membranes is demonstrated, enabling electrons to resonantly tunnel between aligned topological insulator surfaces with the conservation of energy, momentum and spin helicity.

原子薄范德华（vdW）薄膜为量子异质结构的外延生长提供了材料平台。然而，与三维块体晶体的远外延生长不同，由于弱的vdW相互作用，跨原子层的二维材料异质结构的生长受到限制。本文报道了通过原子膜实现vdW层状材料的双面外延。我们通过分子束外延在原子薄的石墨烯或六方氮化硼的两个表面上生长了vdW拓扑绝缘体Sb2Te3和Bi2Se3，作为悬浮的二维vdW衬底层。利用原子薄的六方氮化硼作为具有突变和外延界面的晶体动量守恒隧道势垒，制备了同质和异质双面vdW拓扑绝缘子隧道结。通过在这些器件上执行场角相关的磁隧穿光谱，我们揭示了在界面拓扑表面态中形成的螺旋朗道能级之间隧穿的无质量狄拉克电子的能量-动量-自旋共振。

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引用次数: 0

Platinum hydride formation during cathodic corrosion in aqueous solutions 水溶液阴极腐蚀过程中铂氢化物的形成

IF 41.2 1区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Nature Materials

Pub Date : 2025-01-22 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-024-02080-y

Thomas J. P. Hersbach, Angel T. Garcia-Esparza, Selwyn Hanselman, Oscar A. Paredes Mellone, Thijs Hoogenboom, Ian T. McCrum, Dimitra Anastasiadou, Jeremy T. Feaster, Thomas F. Jaramillo, John Vinson, Thomas Kroll, Amanda C. Garcia, Petr Krtil, Dimosthenis Sokaras, Marc T. M. Koper

Cathodic corrosion is an electrochemical phenomenon that etches metals at moderately negative potentials. Although cathodic corrosion probably occurs by forming a metal-containing anion, such intermediate species have not yet been observed. Here, aiming to resolve this long-standing debate, our work provides such evidence through X-ray absorption spectroscopy. High-energy-resolution X-ray absorption near-edge structure experiments are used to characterize platinum nanoparticles during cathodic corrosion in 10 mol l⁻¹ NaOH. These experiments detect minute chemical changes in the Pt during corrosion that match first-principles simulations of X-ray absorption spectra of surface platinum multilayer hydrides. Thus, this work supports the existence of hydride-like platinum during cathodic corrosion. Notably, these results provide a direct observation of these species under conditions where they are highly unstable and where prominent hydrogen bubble formation interferes with most spectroscopy methods. Therefore, this work identifies the elusive intermediate that underlies cathodic corrosion.

阴极腐蚀是一种以中等负电位腐蚀金属的电化学现象。虽然阴极腐蚀可能是通过形成含金属的阴离子而发生的，但这种中间物质尚未被观察到。在这里，为了解决这个长期存在的争论，我们的工作通过x射线吸收光谱提供了这样的证据。采用高能分辨x射线吸收近边结构实验，对10 mol l−1 NaOH中铂纳米粒子的阴极腐蚀进行了表征。这些实验检测到Pt在腐蚀过程中的微小化学变化，与表面铂多层氢化物的x射线吸收光谱的第一性原理模拟相匹配。因此，本研究支持了阴极腐蚀过程中类氢化物铂的存在。值得注意的是，这些结果提供了对这些物种在高度不稳定的条件下的直接观察，并且在大多数光谱方法中明显的氢泡形成干扰。因此，这项工作确定了阴极腐蚀背后难以捉摸的中间体。

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引用次数: 0

Revitalizing interphase in all-solid-state Li metal batteries by electrophile reduction 用亲电试剂还原法活化全固态锂金属电池的间相

IF 37.2 1区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Nature Materials

Pub Date : 2025-01-20 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-024-02064-y

Weiran Zhang, Zeyi Wang, Hongli Wan, Ai-Min Li, Yijie Liu, Sz-Chian Liou, Kai Zhang, Yuxun Ren, Chamithri Jayawardana, Brett L. Lucht, Chunsheng Wang

All-solid-state lithium metal batteries promise high levels of safety and energy density, but their practical realization is limited by low Li reversibility, limited cell loading and demand for high-temperature and high-pressure operation, stemming from solid-state electrolyte (SSE) low-voltage reduction and high-voltage decomposition, and from lithium dendrite growth. Here we concurrently address these challenges by reporting that a family of reductive electrophiles gain electrons and cations from metal–nucleophile materials (here a Li sulfide SSE) upon contact to undergo electrochemical reduction and form interphase layers (named solid reductive-electrophile interphase) on material surfaces. The solid reductive-electrophile interphase is electron blocking and lithiophobic, prevents SSE reduction, suppresses Li dendrites and supports high-voltage cathodes. Consequently, a reductive-electrophile-treated SSE exhibits high critical capacity and Li reversibility at the anode, and enables Li(1% Mg)/SSE/LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 all-solid-state lithium metal batteries to achieve a high coulombic efficiency (>99.9%), long cycle life (~10,000 h) and high loading (>7 mAh cm−2) at 30 °C and 2.5 MPa. This concept also extends to cathodes of other materials (for example, metal oxides), boosting the high-nickel cathode’s cycle life and expanding the operational voltage up to 4.5 V. Such solid reductive-electrophile interphase tailoring of material surfaces holds promise to accelerate all-solid-state lithium metal battery commercialization and offer solutions for a wide range of materials. Solid-state electrolyte reduction and Li dendrite growth limit the stability of all-solid-state Li metal batteries. Here the authors show that reductive electrophiles gain electrons and metal cations from metal–nucleophile materials on contact, allowing the electrochemical formation of a dense, electron-blocking film that improves the stability of both the anode and high-voltage cathode.

全固态锂金属电池有望实现高安全性和高能量密度，但其实际实现受到低锂可逆性、有限的电池负载和高温高压操作需求的限制，这源于固态电解质（SSE）的低压还原和高压分解，以及锂枝晶的生长。在这里，我们同时解决了这些挑战，报告了一个还原性亲电试剂家族在接触金属亲核材料（这里是硫化锂SSE）时从金属亲核材料中获得电子和阳离子，进行电化学还原并在材料表面形成间相层（称为固体还原性亲电间相）。固体还原性亲电间相具有电子阻隔性和疏石性，阻止SSE还原，抑制锂枝晶，支持高压阴极。因此，还原亲电处理的SSE具有较高的临界容量和阳极Li可逆性，使Li(1% Mg)/SSE/LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2全固态锂金属电池在30°C和2.5 MPa下具有高库仑效率（>99.9%）、长循环寿命（~10,000 h）和高负载（>7 mAh cm - 2）。这个概念也延伸到其他材料的阴极（例如，金属氧化物），提高了高镍阴极的循环寿命，并将工作电压扩展到4.5 V。这种材料表面的固体还原-亲电间相剪裁有望加速全固态锂金属电池的商业化，并为各种材料提供解决方案。

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引用次数: 0

Bose–Einstein condensation of a two-magnon bound state in a spin-1 triangular lattice 自旋为1的三角形晶格中双磁振子束缚态的玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚

IF 41.2 1区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Nature Materials

Pub Date : 2025-01-20 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-024-02071-z

Jieming Sheng, Jia-Wei Mei, Le Wang, Xiaoyu Xu, Wenrui Jiang, Lei Xu, Han Ge, Nan Zhao, Tiantian Li, Andrea Candini, Bin Xi, Jize Zhao, Ying Fu, Jiong Yang, Yuanzhu Zhang, Giorgio Biasiol, Shanmin Wang, Jinlong Zhu, Ping Miao, Xin Tong, Dapeng Yu, Richard Mole, Yi Cui, Long Ma, Zhitao Zhang, Zhongwen Ouyang, Wei Tong, Andrey Podlesnyak, Ling Wang, Feng Ye, Dehong Yu, Weiqiang Yu, Liusuo Wu, Zhentao Wang

In ordered magnets, the elementary excitations are spin waves (magnons), which obey Bose–Einstein statistics. Similarly to Cooper pairs in superconductors, magnons can be paired into bound states under attractive interactions. The Zeeman coupling to a magnetic field is able to tune the particle density through a quantum critical point, beyond which a ‘hidden order’ is predicted to exist. Here we report direct observation of the Bose–Einstein condensation of the two-magnon bound state in Na₂BaNi(PO₄)₂. Comprehensive thermodynamic measurements confirmed the two-dimensional Bose–Einstein condensation quantum critical point at the saturation field. Inelastic neutron scattering experiments were performed to establish the microscopic model. An exact solution revealed stable two-magnon bound states that were further confirmed by electron spin resonance and nuclear magnetic resonance experiments, demonstrating that the quantum critical point is due to the pair condensation, and the phase below the saturation field is likely the long-sought-after spin nematic phase.

在有序磁体中，基本激发是遵循玻色-爱因斯坦统计的自旋波（磁振子）。与超导体中的库珀对类似，磁振子可以在吸引相互作用下成对进入束缚态。与磁场的塞曼耦合能够通过量子临界点来调节粒子密度，超过这个临界点，预计会存在一个“隐藏秩序”。在这里，我们报告了Na2BaNi(PO4)2中双磁振子束缚态的玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚的直接观察。综合热力学测量证实了饱和场的二维玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚量子临界点。采用非弹性中子散射实验建立微观模型。一个精确解揭示了稳定的双磁振子束缚态，并通过电子自旋共振和核磁共振实验进一步证实了这一点，表明量子临界点是由于对凝聚引起的，而饱和场以下的相可能是人们长期追求的自旋向列相。

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引用次数: 0

Organic photovoltaics surpass the 20% efficiency milestone 有机光伏电池超过了20%的效率里程碑

IF 37.2 1区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Nature Materials

Pub Date : 2025-01-17 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-024-02076-8

Francesco Furlan, Nicola Gasparini

Crystallization dynamics manipulation leads to vertically separated donor and acceptor phases in thick films, improving charge mobility and device efficiency.

结晶动力学操作导致厚膜中施主和受主相垂直分离，提高电荷迁移率和器件效率。

引用次数: 0

Organic solar cells with 20.82% efficiency and high tolerance of active layer thickness through crystallization sequence manipulation 通过晶化顺序控制，有机太阳能电池具有20.82%的效率和较高的活性层厚度耐受性

IF 37.2 1区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Nature Materials

Pub Date : 2025-01-17 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-024-02062-0

Haiyang Chen, Yuting Huang, Rui Zhang, Hongyu Mou, Junyuan Ding, Jiadong Zhou, Zukun Wang, Hongxiang Li, Weijie Chen, Juan Zhu, Qinrong Cheng, Hao Gu, Xiaoxiao Wu, Tianjiao Zhang, Yingyi Wang, Haiming Zhu, Zengqi Xie, Feng Gao, Yaowen Li, Yongfang Li

Printing of large-area solar panels necessitates advanced organic solar cells with thick active layers. However, increasing the active layer thickness typically leads to a marked drop in the power conversion efficiency. Here we developed an organic semiconductor regulator, called AT-β2O, to tune the crystallization sequence of the components in active layers. When adding AT-β2O in the donor (D18-Cl) and acceptor (N3) blend, N3 crystallizes behind D18-Cl, and this phenomenon is different from the co-crystallization observed in binary D18-Cl:N3 blends. This manipulation of crystallization dynamics is favourable to form bulk-heterojunction-gradient vertical phase separation in the active layer accompanied by the high crystallinity of the acceptor and balanced charge carrier mobilities in thick films. The resultant single-junction organic solar cells exhibited a certified power conversion efficiency of over 20%, as well as demonstrated exceptional adaptability across the active layer thicknesses (100–400 nm) and remarkable universality. Such breakthroughs enable large-area modules with a certified power conversion efficiency of 18.04%. An organic regulator that can tune the crystallization sequence of active layer components has been described, achieving a certified efficiency of over 20% in single-junction organic solar cells, demonstrating remarkable tolerance for active layer thickness of 100–400 nm.

大面积太阳能电池板的印刷需要具有厚活性层的先进有机太阳能电池。然而，增加有源层厚度通常会导致功率转换效率的显著下降。在这里，我们开发了一种称为AT-β 20的有机半导体调节器，用于调节有源层中组件的结晶顺序。在给体（D18-Cl）和受体（N3）共混体系中加入AT-β2O时，N3在D18-Cl后面结晶，这与D18-Cl:N3二元共混体系的共结晶现象不同。这种对结晶动力学的操纵有利于在活性层中形成体-异质结-梯度垂直相分离，并伴随着受体的高结晶度和厚膜中平衡的载流子迁移率。所得的单结有机太阳能电池显示出超过20%的认证功率转换效率，并且表现出跨有源层厚度（100-400 nm）的卓越适应性和显著的通用性。这些突破使大面积模块的认证功率转换效率达到18.04%。

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引用次数: 0

Stretch-induced endogenous electric fields drive directed collective cell migration in vivo 拉伸诱导的内源性电场驱动体内定向集体细胞迁移

IF 37.2 1区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Nature Materials

Pub Date : 2025-01-17 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-024-02060-2

Fernando Ferreira, Sofia Moreira, Min Zhao, Elias H. Barriga

Directed collective cell migration is essential for morphogenesis, and chemical, electrical, mechanical and topological features have been shown to guide cell migration in vitro. Here we provide in vivo evidence showing that endogenous electric fields drive the directed collective cell migration of an embryonic stem cell population—the cephalic neural crest of Xenopus laevis. We demonstrate that the voltage-sensitive phosphatase 1 is a key component of the molecular mechanism, enabling neural crest cells to specifically transduce electric fields into a directional cue in vivo. Finally, we propose that endogenous electric fields are mechanically established by the convergent extension movements of the ectoderm, which generate a membrane tension gradient that opens stretch-activated ion channels. Overall, these findings establish a role for electrotaxis in tissue morphogenesis, highlighting the functions of endogenous bioelectrical stimuli in non-neural contexts. Electric fields guide collective cell migration in developing embryos of Xenopus laevis via a voltage-sensitive phosphatase.

定向的集体细胞迁移对形态发生至关重要，化学、电、机械和拓扑特征已被证明可以在体外指导细胞迁移。在这里，我们提供的体内证据表明，内源性电场驱动胚胎干细胞群的定向集体细胞迁移-非洲爪蟾的头神经嵴。我们证明了电压敏感磷酸酶1是分子机制的关键组成部分，使神经嵴细胞能够在体内特异性地将电场转导成方向线索。最后，我们提出内源性电场是由外胚层的会聚伸展运动机械地建立起来的，它产生一个膜张力梯度，打开拉伸激活的离子通道。总的来说，这些发现确立了趋电性在组织形态发生中的作用，强调了内源性生物电刺激在非神经环境中的功能。

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引用次数: 0

Zinc nanoparticles from oral supplements accumulate in renal tumours and stimulate antitumour immune responses 口服补充剂中的锌纳米颗粒在肾肿瘤中积聚并激发抗肿瘤免疫反应

IF 37.2 1区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Nature Materials

Pub Date : 2025-01-15 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-024-02093-7

Xin Zeng, Zhenzhu Wang, An Zhao, Yiqi Wu, Zongping Wang, Aiwen Wu, Qing Wang, Xin Xia, Xichen Chen, Wene Zhao, Bozhao Li, Zefang Lu, Qiaoli Lv, Guorong Li, Zhixiang Zuo, Fengrui Wu, Yuliang Zhao, Ting Wang, Guangjun Nie, Suping Li, Gen Zhang

A successful therapeutic outcome in the treatment of solid tumours requires efficient intratumoural drug accumulation and retention. Here we demonstrate that zinc gluconate in oral supplements assembles with plasma proteins to form ZnO nanoparticles that selectively accumulate into papillary Caki-2 renal tumours and promote the recruitment of dendritic cells and cytotoxic CD8+ T cells to tumour tissues. Renal tumour targeting is mediated by the preferential binding of zinc ions to metallothionein-1X proteins, which are constitutively overexpressed in Caki-2 renal tumour cells. This binding event further upregulates intracellular metallothionein-1X expression to induce additional nanoparticle binding and retention. In both tumour animal models and human renal tumour samples, we show that ZnO nanoparticles actively cross the vascular wall to achieve high intratumoural accumulation. We further explore this feature of ZnO nanoparticles for the delivery of chemotherapeutics to mouse and rabbit cancer models. Our findings demonstrate that ZnO nanoparticles derived from supplements can serve as a multifunctional drug delivery and cancer immunotherapy platform. Zinc gluconate in oral supplements associates with plasma proteins to form renal-tumour-accumulating ZnO nanoparticles, which have antitumoural immune activity and can also be used for the delivery of chemotherapeutic agents.

一个成功的治疗结果在实体瘤的治疗需要有效的肿瘤内药物积累和保留。在这里，我们证明了口服补品中的葡萄糖酸锌与血浆蛋白组装形成ZnO纳米颗粒，选择性地积聚在乳头状Caki-2肾肿瘤中，并促进树突状细胞和细胞毒性CD8+ T细胞向肿瘤组织募集。肾肿瘤靶向是通过锌离子与金属硫蛋白1x蛋白的优先结合介导的，金属硫蛋白1x蛋白在Caki-2肾肿瘤细胞中组成性过表达。这种结合事件进一步上调细胞内金属硫蛋白1x的表达，诱导额外的纳米颗粒结合和保留。在肿瘤动物模型和人类肾肿瘤样本中，我们发现氧化锌纳米颗粒主动穿过血管壁，实现肿瘤内的高蓄积。我们进一步探索了氧化锌纳米颗粒在小鼠和兔子癌症模型中传递化疗药物的这一特性。我们的研究结果表明，从补充剂中提取的ZnO纳米颗粒可以作为多功能药物传递和癌症免疫治疗平台。

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