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Capping the MXene in eutectic molten salt 将 MXene 封盖在共晶熔盐中。
IF 37.2 1区 材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-024-01941-w
Mian Li, Qing Huang
Constructing ordered triatomic-layer borate polyanion terminations in MXenes substantially enhances their chemical stability and electrochemical energy storage. The development of such ordered terminations with complex configurations largely expands the design space for MXenes.
在二氧化二烯中构建有序的三原子层硼酸盐聚阴离子端接可大大提高二氧化二烯的化学稳定性和电化学储能能力。这种具有复杂构型的有序端接的开发在很大程度上拓展了二氧化二烯的设计空间。
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引用次数: 0
Unveiling ultrafast disorder dynamics 揭示超快无序动力学
IF 37.2 1区 材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-024-01946-5
Valery Kiryukhin
A pump–probe experiment utilizing the pair distribution function method characterizes ultrafast evolution of length-scale-dependent structural disorder in a crystal on a local level. This may have important implications for understanding ultrafast photoinduced transitions in solids.
利用对分布函数法进行的泵浦探针实验在局部水平上描述了晶体中依赖于长度尺度的结构紊乱的超快演化。这可能对理解固体中的超快光诱导转变具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 0
Doping a frustrated correlated van der Waals magnet 掺杂受挫相关范德华磁体。
IF 37.2 1区 材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-024-01948-3
Jose L. Lado
When many-body correlations in quantum materials control the motion of electrons, new quantum states can emerge. Now, a study demonstrates that doping a van der Waals correlated insulator leads to collective electronic reordering arising due to quantum many-body interactions.
当量子材料中的多体关联控制电子运动时,就会出现新的量子态。现在,一项研究证明,掺入范德华相关绝缘体会导致量子多体相互作用产生集体电子重排。
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引用次数: 0
Wearable sensing of solid analytes 固体分析物的可穿戴传感。
IF 37.2 1区 材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-024-01935-8
Siyu Qin, Sheng Xu
A bilayer hydrogel sensor is presented for continuous monitoring of solid epidermal biomarkers on human skin.
介绍了一种双层水凝胶传感器,用于连续监测人体皮肤上的固体表皮生物标记物。
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引用次数: 0
Illuminating defects in crystal clear colloidal assemblies 照亮晶莹剔透的胶体组件中的缺陷。
IF 37.2 1区 材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-024-01956-3
Theodore Hueckel, Robert J. Macfarlane
A method using low-refractive-index colloids and confocal laser scanning microscopy enables direct imaging and analysis of defects within colloidal crystals in water, providing real-time insights into crystallization processes and defect dynamics.
利用低折射率胶体和激光共聚焦扫描显微镜的方法,可以对水中胶体晶体内部的缺陷进行直接成像和分析,从而实时了解结晶过程和缺陷动态。
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引用次数: 0
A pattern of villification 恶搞模式。
IF 37.2 1区 材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-024-01964-3
Philip Ball
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引用次数: 0
Accessing activity and viscoelastic properties of artificial and living systems from passive measurement 从被动测量中获取人造和活体系统的活动和粘弹特性
IF 37.2 1区 材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2024-07-31 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-024-01957-2
Till M. Muenker, Gabriel Knotz, Matthias Krüger, Timo Betz
Living systems are complex dynamic entities that operate far from thermodynamic equilibrium. Their active, non-equilibrium behaviour requires energy to drive cellular organization and dynamics. Unfortunately, most statistical mechanics approaches are not valid in non-equilibrium situations, forcing researchers to use intricate and often invasive methods to study living processes. Here we experimentally demonstrate that an observable termed mean back relaxation quantifies the active mechanics of living cells from passively observed particle trajectories. The mean back relaxation represents the average trajectory of a particle after a recent motion and is calculated from three-point probabilities. We show that this parameter allows the detection of broken detailed balance in confined systems. We experimentally observe that it provides access to the non-equilibrium generating energy and viscoelastic properties of artificial bulk materials and living cells. These findings suggest that the mean back relaxation can function as a marker of non-equilibrium dynamics and is a non-invasive avenue to determine viscoelastic material properties from passive measurements. An approach based on the average trajectory of moving particles allows for the quantification of the mechanics of living systems, namely, the non-equilibrium energy and viscoelastic properties of cells, in a non-invasive manner.
生命系统是复杂的动态实体,其运行远离热力学平衡。它们活跃的非平衡行为需要能量来驱动细胞组织和动力学。遗憾的是,大多数统计力学方法在非平衡状态下无效,迫使研究人员使用复杂的、往往是侵入性的方法来研究生命过程。在这里,我们通过实验证明,一种称为平均反向松弛的观测指标可以从被动观测的粒子轨迹中量化活细胞的主动力学。平均反向松弛表示粒子最近一次运动后的平均轨迹,由三点概率计算得出。我们的研究表明,该参数可用于检测封闭系统中被打破的详细平衡。我们在实验中观察到,它可以获取人造块体材料和活细胞的非平衡生成能量和粘弹性特性。这些研究结果表明,平均反向松弛可作为非平衡动力学的标记,是通过被动测量确定粘弹性材料特性的非侵入性途径。
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引用次数: 0
Breaking the vitrification limitation of monatomic metals 打破单原子金属的玻璃化限制
IF 37.2 1区 材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2024-07-30 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-024-01967-0
Xing Tong, Yue-E Zhang, Bao-Shuang Shang, Hua-Ping Zhang, Zezhou Li, Yao Zhang, Gang Wang, Yan-Hui Liu, Yong Zhao, Bo Zhang, Hai-Bo Ke, Jihan Zhou, Hai-Yang Bai, Wei-Hua Wang
The question of whether all materials can solidify into the glassy form proposed by Turnbull half a century ago remains unsolved. Some of the simplest systems of monatomic metals have not been vitrified, especially the close-packed face-centred cubic metals. Here we report the vitrification of gold, which is notoriously difficult to be vitrified, and several similar close-packed face-centred cubic and hexagonal metals using a method of picosecond pulsed laser ablation in a liquid medium. The vitrification occurs through the rapid cooling during laser ablation and the inhibition of nucleation by the liquid medium. Using this method, a large number of atomic configurations, including glassy configurations, can be generated simultaneously, from which a stable glass state can be sampled. Simulations demonstrate that the favourable stability of monatomic metals stems from the strong topological frustration of icosahedra-like clusters. Our work breaks the limitation of the glass-forming ability of matter, indicating that vitrification is an intrinsic property of matter and providing a strategy for the preparation and design of metallic glasses from an atomic configuration perspective. It is shown that gold and several similar close-packed face-centred cubic and hexagonal metals can be vitrified, which breaks the limitation of the glass-forming ability of matter.
是否所有材料都能凝固成特恩布尔半个世纪前提出的玻璃态,这个问题至今仍未解决。一些最简单的单原子金属体系尚未玻璃化,尤其是紧密堆积的面心立方金属。在此,我们报告了在液体介质中使用皮秒脉冲激光烧蚀法对难以玻璃化的金以及几种类似的面心立方和六方紧密堆积金属进行玻璃化的情况。玻璃化是通过激光烧蚀过程中的快速冷却和液体介质对晶核形成的抑制作用实现的。利用这种方法,可以同时生成大量原子构型,包括玻璃态构型,并从中提取稳定玻璃态的样品。模拟结果表明,单原子金属的良好稳定性源于二十面体簇的强烈拓扑挫折。我们的工作打破了物质形成玻璃能力的限制,表明玻璃化是物质的内在属性,并从原子构型的角度为制备和设计金属玻璃提供了一种策略。
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引用次数: 0
Atomically precise inorganic helices with a programmable irrational twist 具有可编程无理扭曲的原子精确无机螺旋体
IF 41.2 1区 材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-024-01963-4
Dmitri Leo Mesoza Cordova, Kenneth Chua, Tyler A. Kerr, Toshihiro Aoki, David Knez, Grigorii Skorupskii, Diana Lopez, Joseph Ziller, Dmitry A. Fishman, Maxx Q. Arguilla

Helicity in solids often arises from the precise ordering of cooperative intra- and intermolecular interactions unique to natural, organic or molecular systems. This exclusivity limited the realization of helicity and its ensuing properties in dense inorganic solids. Here we report that Ga atoms in GaSeI, a representative III–VI–VII one-dimensional (1D) van der Waals crystal, manifest the rare Boerdijk–Coxeter helix motif. This motif is a non-repeating geometric pattern characterized by 1D face-sharing tetrahedra whose adjacent vertices are rotated by an irrational angle. Using InSeI and GaSeI, we show that the modularity of 1D van der Waals lattices accommodates the systematic twisting of a periodic tetrahelix with a 41 screw axis in InSeI to an infinitely extending Boerdijk–Coxeter helix in GaSeI. GaSeI crystals are non-centrosymmetric, optically active and exfoliable to a single chain. These results present a materials platform towards understanding the origin and physical manifestation of aperiodic helicity in low-dimensional solids.

固体中的螺旋性通常产生于自然、有机或分子系统特有的分子内和分子间相互作用的精确排序。这种排他性限制了在致密无机固体中实现螺旋性及其随之而来的特性。在这里,我们报告了具有代表性的 III-VI-VII 一维(1D)范德华晶体 GaSeI 中的镓原子表现出罕见的 Boerdijk-Coxeter 螺旋图案。这种图案是一种非重复的几何图案,其特征是相邻顶点以无理角度旋转的一维共面四面体。通过使用 InSeI 和 GaSeI,我们发现一维范德华晶格的模块性可以将 InSeI 中具有 41 个螺旋轴的周期性四面体系统地扭曲为 GaSeI 中无限延伸的 Boerdijk-Coxeter 螺旋。GaSeI 晶体具有非中心对称性、光学活性和单链可剥离性。这些结果为了解低维固体中非周期螺旋的起源和物理表现提供了一个材料平台。
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引用次数: 0
Non-equilibrium transport in polymer mixed ionic–electronic conductors at ultrahigh charge densities 超高电荷密度下聚合物离子电子混合导体的非平衡传输
IF 41.2 1区 材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-024-01953-6
Dionisius H. L. Tjhe, Xinglong Ren, Ian E. Jacobs, Gabriele D’Avino, Tarig B. E. Mustafa, Thomas G. Marsh, Lu Zhang, Yao Fu, Ahmed E. Mansour, Andreas Opitz, Yuxuan Huang, Wenjin Zhu, Ahmet Hamdi Unal, Sebastiaan Hoek, Vincent Lemaur, Claudio Quarti, Qiao He, Jin-Kyun Lee, Iain McCulloch, Martin Heeney, Norbert Koch, Clare P. Grey, David Beljonne, Simone Fratini, Henning Sirringhaus

Conducting polymers are mixed ionic–electronic conductors that are emerging candidates for neuromorphic computing, bioelectronics and thermoelectrics. However, fundamental aspects of their many-body correlated electron–ion transport physics remain poorly understood. Here we show that in p-type organic electrochemical transistors it is possible to remove all of the electrons from the valence band and even access deeper bands without degradation. By adding a second, field-effect gate electrode, additional electrons or holes can be injected at set doping states. Under conditions where the counterions are unable to equilibrate in response to field-induced changes in the electronic carrier density, we observe surprising, non-equilibrium transport signatures that provide unique insights into the interaction-driven formation of a frozen, soft Coulomb gap in the density of states. Our work identifies new strategies for substantially enhancing the transport properties of conducting polymers by exploiting non-equilibrium states in the coupled system of electronic charges and counterions.

导电聚合物是离子电子混合导体,是神经形态计算、生物电子学和热电的新兴候选材料。然而,人们对其多体相关电子-离子传输物理学的基本方面仍然知之甚少。在这里,我们展示了在 p 型有机电化学晶体管中,有可能从价带移除所有电子,甚至进入更深的频带而不发生降解。通过添加第二个场效应栅电极,可以在设定的掺杂态注入额外的电子或空穴。在反离子无法根据场效应引起的电子载流子密度变化进行平衡的条件下,我们观察到了令人惊讶的非平衡输运特征,这为我们深入了解相互作用驱动的状态密度中冻结的软库仑间隙的形成提供了独特的视角。我们的研究通过利用电子电荷和反离子耦合系统中的非平衡态,确定了大幅提高导电聚合物传输特性的新策略。
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