Pub Date : 2024-10-11DOI: 10.1038/s41560-024-01654-z
Xiao Zhang, Zhiwei Fang, Peng Zhu, Yang Xia, Haotian Wang
Carbon dioxide (CO2) and absorbent regeneration are the most energy-intensive processes in carbon capture loops. Conventional carbon capture technologies typically consume substantial amounts of heat and involve multiple steps for regeneration. Here we demonstrated one-step electrochemical regeneration of CO2 and alkaline absorbent from carbon-containing solutions in a modular porous solid electrolyte (PSE) reactor. By performing hydrogen evolution and oxidation redox reactions, our PSE reactor selectively split NaHCO3/Na2CO3 solutions, which typically come from air contactors after CO2 absorption, into NaOH absorbent in the catholyte and high-purity CO2 gas in the PSE layer. No chemicals were consumed and no by-products were generated. High Na+-ion transport number (~90%), high capture capacity retention (~90%), low energy consumptions (50 kJ molCO2−1 and 118 kJ molCO2−1 at 1 mA cm−2 and 100 mA cm−2 for bicarbonate, respectively) and long-term stability (>100 hours) were demonstrated. We achieved industrially relevant carbon regeneration rates of up to 1 A cm−2 (~18 mmol cm−2 h−1), highlighting the promising application potential. Carbon capture technologies often consume substantial amounts of heat and require multiple steps to release CO2 and regenerate the absorbent. Here the authors report one-step electrochemical regeneration of CO2 and alkaline absorbent from (bi)carbonate solutions using a porous solid electrolyte reactor.
二氧化碳（CO2）和吸收剂再生是碳捕集循环中最耗能的过程。传统的碳捕集技术通常需要消耗大量热量，并涉及多个再生步骤。在这里，我们在模块化多孔固体电解质（PSE）反应器中演示了一步式电化学再生含碳溶液中的二氧化碳和碱性吸收剂。通过氢进化和氧化还原反应，我们的 PSE 反应器可选择性地将 NaHCO3/Na2CO3 溶液（通常来自吸收二氧化碳后的空气接触器）分离成阴溶液中的 NaOH 吸收剂和 PSE 层中的高纯度二氧化碳气体。既不消耗化学品，也不产生副产品。结果表明，该方法具有高 Na+ 离子传输数（约 90%）、高捕集能力保持率（约 90%）、低能耗（在 1 mA cm-2 和 100 mA cm-2 条件下，碳酸氢盐的能耗分别为 50 kJ molCO2-1 和 118 kJ molCO2-1）和长期稳定性（100 小时）。我们实现了高达 1 A cm-2 （约 18 mmol cm-2 h-1）的工业相关碳再生率，凸显了其巨大的应用潜力。
{"title":"Electrochemical regeneration of high-purity CO2 from (bi)carbonates in a porous solid electrolyte reactor for efficient carbon capture","authors":"Xiao Zhang, Zhiwei Fang, Peng Zhu, Yang Xia, Haotian Wang","doi":"10.1038/s41560-024-01654-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41560-024-01654-z","url":null,"abstract":"Carbon dioxide (CO2) and absorbent regeneration are the most energy-intensive processes in carbon capture loops. Conventional carbon capture technologies typically consume substantial amounts of heat and involve multiple steps for regeneration. Here we demonstrated one-step electrochemical regeneration of CO2 and alkaline absorbent from carbon-containing solutions in a modular porous solid electrolyte (PSE) reactor. By performing hydrogen evolution and oxidation redox reactions, our PSE reactor selectively split NaHCO3/Na2CO3 solutions, which typically come from air contactors after CO2 absorption, into NaOH absorbent in the catholyte and high-purity CO2 gas in the PSE layer. No chemicals were consumed and no by-products were generated. High Na+-ion transport number (~90%), high capture capacity retention (~90%), low energy consumptions (50 kJ molCO2−1 and 118 kJ molCO2−1 at 1 mA cm−2 and 100 mA cm−2 for bicarbonate, respectively) and long-term stability (>100 hours) were demonstrated. We achieved industrially relevant carbon regeneration rates of up to 1 A cm−2 (~18 mmol cm−2 h−1), highlighting the promising application potential. Carbon capture technologies often consume substantial amounts of heat and require multiple steps to release CO2 and regenerate the absorbent. Here the authors report one-step electrochemical regeneration of CO2 and alkaline absorbent from (bi)carbonate solutions using a porous solid electrolyte reactor.","PeriodicalId":19073,"journal":{"name":"Nature Energy","volume":"10 1","pages":"55-65"},"PeriodicalIF":49.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142404939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-07DOI: 10.1038/s41560-024-01607-6
Five climate–energy–economy models are used to explore the effect of reducing the cost gap in energy financing between developed and developing countries through fair-finance. Such convergence is projected to increase energy availability, affordability, and sustainability in developing countries, thereby improving energy justice.
{"title":"Fair energy finance increases global equity in the green energy transition","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s41560-024-01607-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41560-024-01607-6","url":null,"abstract":"Five climate–energy–economy models are used to explore the effect of reducing the cost gap in energy financing between developed and developing countries through fair-finance. Such convergence is projected to increase energy availability, affordability, and sustainability in developing countries, thereby improving energy justice.","PeriodicalId":19073,"journal":{"name":"Nature Energy","volume":"9 10","pages":"1189-1190"},"PeriodicalIF":49.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142383658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-07DOI: 10.1038/s41560-024-01639-y
Jie Xiao, Nicole Adelstein, Yujing Bi, Wenjuan Bian, Jordi Cabana, Corie L. Cobb, Yi Cui, Shen J. Dillon, Marca M. Doeff, Saiful M. Islam, Kevin Leung, Mengya Li, Feng Lin, Jun Liu, Hongmei Luo, Amy C. Marschilok, Ying Shirley Meng, Yue Qi, Ritu Sahore, Kayla G. Sprenger, Robert C. Tenent, Michael F. Toney, Wei Tong, Liwen F. Wan, Chongmin Wang, Stephen E. Weitzner, Bingbin Wu, Yaobin Xu
The cathode–electrolyte interphase plays a pivotal role in determining the usable capacity and cycling stability of electrochemical cells, yet it is overshadowed by its counterpart, the solid–electrolyte interphase. This is primarily due to the prevalence of side reactions, particularly at low potentials on the negative electrode, especially in state-of-the-art Li-ion batteries where the charge cutoff voltage is limited. However, as the quest for high-energy battery technologies intensifies, there is a pressing need to advance the study of cathode–electrolyte interphase properties. Here, we present a comprehensive approach to analyse the cathode–electrolyte interphase in battery systems. We underscore the importance of employing model cathode materials and coin cell protocols to establish baseline performance. Additionally, we delve into the factors behind the inconsistent and occasionally controversial findings related to the cathode–electrolyte interphase. We also address the challenges and opportunities in characterizing and simulating the cathode–electrolyte interphase, offering potential solutions to enhance its relevance to real-world applications. The cathode–electrolyte interphase (CEI) is vital for battery cell capacity and stability but receives less attention than the solid–electrolyte interphase. The authors review CEI properties, emphasize using model cathode materials and coin cell protocols, and address challenges and opportunities in characterizing and simulating CEI for real-world applications.
{"title":"Assessing cathode–electrolyte interphases in batteries","authors":"Jie Xiao, Nicole Adelstein, Yujing Bi, Wenjuan Bian, Jordi Cabana, Corie L. Cobb, Yi Cui, Shen J. Dillon, Marca M. Doeff, Saiful M. Islam, Kevin Leung, Mengya Li, Feng Lin, Jun Liu, Hongmei Luo, Amy C. Marschilok, Ying Shirley Meng, Yue Qi, Ritu Sahore, Kayla G. Sprenger, Robert C. Tenent, Michael F. Toney, Wei Tong, Liwen F. Wan, Chongmin Wang, Stephen E. Weitzner, Bingbin Wu, Yaobin Xu","doi":"10.1038/s41560-024-01639-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41560-024-01639-y","url":null,"abstract":"The cathode–electrolyte interphase plays a pivotal role in determining the usable capacity and cycling stability of electrochemical cells, yet it is overshadowed by its counterpart, the solid–electrolyte interphase. This is primarily due to the prevalence of side reactions, particularly at low potentials on the negative electrode, especially in state-of-the-art Li-ion batteries where the charge cutoff voltage is limited. However, as the quest for high-energy battery technologies intensifies, there is a pressing need to advance the study of cathode–electrolyte interphase properties. Here, we present a comprehensive approach to analyse the cathode–electrolyte interphase in battery systems. We underscore the importance of employing model cathode materials and coin cell protocols to establish baseline performance. Additionally, we delve into the factors behind the inconsistent and occasionally controversial findings related to the cathode–electrolyte interphase. We also address the challenges and opportunities in characterizing and simulating the cathode–electrolyte interphase, offering potential solutions to enhance its relevance to real-world applications. The cathode–electrolyte interphase (CEI) is vital for battery cell capacity and stability but receives less attention than the solid–electrolyte interphase. The authors review CEI properties, emphasize using model cathode materials and coin cell protocols, and address challenges and opportunities in characterizing and simulating CEI for real-world applications.","PeriodicalId":19073,"journal":{"name":"Nature Energy","volume":"9 12","pages":"1463-1473"},"PeriodicalIF":49.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142383663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-07DOI: 10.1038/s41560-024-01632-5
Jiafeng Lei, Yi-Chun Lu
Deposition–dissolution reactions are key to the function of rechargeable batteries, but the limited reversibility of plating/stripping shortens their lifespan. Now, a liquid crystal interphase is shown to control deposition in preferred orientations, enabling dual-electrode-free batteries with enhanced reversibility and increased energy density.
{"title":"Building interphases for electrode-free batteries","authors":"Jiafeng Lei, Yi-Chun Lu","doi":"10.1038/s41560-024-01632-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41560-024-01632-5","url":null,"abstract":"Deposition–dissolution reactions are key to the function of rechargeable batteries, but the limited reversibility of plating/stripping shortens their lifespan. Now, a liquid crystal interphase is shown to control deposition in preferred orientations, enabling dual-electrode-free batteries with enhanced reversibility and increased energy density.","PeriodicalId":19073,"journal":{"name":"Nature Energy","volume":"9 11","pages":"1325-1326"},"PeriodicalIF":49.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142383657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-02DOI: 10.1038/s41560-024-01649-w
Anthony L. Cheng, Erica R. H. Fuchs, Jeremy J. Michalek
We analyse US Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) incentives for electric vehicle battery technology and supply chain decisions. We find that the total value of available credits exceeds estimated battery production costs, but qualifying for all available credits is difficult. IRA cell and module credits alone bring estimated US battery production costs in line with China. In contrast, IRA material extraction and processing credits are modest. IRA’s end-user purchase credits are restricted to electric vehicles whose battery supply chains exclude foreign entities of concern, including China. This incentivizes diversification of the entire supply chain, but leasing avoids these restrictions. Lithium iron phosphate batteries have potential to more easily reduce supply chain vulnerabilities and qualify for incentives, but they have smaller total available incentives than nickel/cobalt-based batteries. Overall, the IRA primarily incentivizes downstream battery manufacturing diversification, whereas upstream supply implications depend on automaker responses to foreign entities of concern and leasing rules. The Inflation Reduction Act increases the competitiveness of US electric vehicle battery manufacturing and incentivizes supply chain diversification, but reducing vulnerabilities will depend on automaker choices in battery design and navigating regulations.
我们分析了美国《通货膨胀削减法案》（IRA）对电动汽车电池技术和供应链决策的激励作用。我们发现，可用信用额度的总价值超过了估计的电池生产成本，但要获得所有可用信用额度却很困难。仅 IRA 电池和模块抵免就能使美国电池生产成本与中国持平。相比之下，IRA 的材料提取和加工抵免额度并不高。IRA 的最终用户购买信用额度仅限于电池供应链不包括包括中国在内的外国相关实体的电动汽车。这激励了整个供应链的多样化，但租赁避免了这些限制。磷酸铁锂电池有可能更容易减少供应链漏洞，并符合激励条件，但与镍基/钴基电池相比，其可用激励总额较小。总体而言，《综合减排法》主要激励下游电池制造多样化，而上游供应的影响则取决于汽车制造商对外国相关实体和租赁规则的反应。
{"title":"US industrial policy may reduce electric vehicle battery supply chain vulnerabilities and influence technology choice","authors":"Anthony L. Cheng, Erica R. H. Fuchs, Jeremy J. Michalek","doi":"10.1038/s41560-024-01649-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41560-024-01649-w","url":null,"abstract":"We analyse US Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) incentives for electric vehicle battery technology and supply chain decisions. We find that the total value of available credits exceeds estimated battery production costs, but qualifying for all available credits is difficult. IRA cell and module credits alone bring estimated US battery production costs in line with China. In contrast, IRA material extraction and processing credits are modest. IRA’s end-user purchase credits are restricted to electric vehicles whose battery supply chains exclude foreign entities of concern, including China. This incentivizes diversification of the entire supply chain, but leasing avoids these restrictions. Lithium iron phosphate batteries have potential to more easily reduce supply chain vulnerabilities and qualify for incentives, but they have smaller total available incentives than nickel/cobalt-based batteries. Overall, the IRA primarily incentivizes downstream battery manufacturing diversification, whereas upstream supply implications depend on automaker responses to foreign entities of concern and leasing rules. The Inflation Reduction Act increases the competitiveness of US electric vehicle battery manufacturing and incentivizes supply chain diversification, but reducing vulnerabilities will depend on automaker choices in battery design and navigating regulations.","PeriodicalId":19073,"journal":{"name":"Nature Energy","volume":"9 12","pages":"1561-1570"},"PeriodicalIF":49.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142362748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-27DOI: 10.1038/s41560-024-01637-0
Selma Brynolf, Maria Grahn
Not all parts of the transport sector are easy to directly electrify, therefore liquid energy carriers with lower environmental impacts than fossil fuels are needed to aid decarbonization. Research now reports that synthetic fuels with optimized alkane/alcohol content are promising drop-in alternatives.
{"title":"Flexibility with low environmental impact","authors":"Selma Brynolf, Maria Grahn","doi":"10.1038/s41560-024-01637-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41560-024-01637-0","url":null,"abstract":"Not all parts of the transport sector are easy to directly electrify, therefore liquid energy carriers with lower environmental impacts than fossil fuels are needed to aid decarbonization. Research now reports that synthetic fuels with optimized alkane/alcohol content are promising drop-in alternatives.","PeriodicalId":19073,"journal":{"name":"Nature Energy","volume":"9 10","pages":"1179-1180"},"PeriodicalIF":49.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142324969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-27DOI: 10.1038/s41560-024-01640-5
L. van der Most, K. van der Wiel, R. M. J. Benders, P. W. Gerbens-Leenes, R. Bintanja
As Europe’s renewable energy capacities expand, electricity systems face increased risks of energy droughts—periods of low production coinciding with high demand. We evaluate characteristics of electricity variability due to weather variations by calculating 1,600 years of daily production and demand. Focusing on five European countries—chosen for their energy mix including hydropower—we find that energy droughts result from processes that cause (temporally) compounding impacts in the energy and meteorological system. These can turn what might have been short-term droughts into prolonged high unmet energy demand. For instance, low reservoir inflows in spring quadruple the chance of prolonged energy droughts: reduced snowpack and rainfall lower hydro availability but also dry out subsoils, increasing the chance of heatwaves and therewith extending the energy problems into summer. We identify and quantify three compounding energy/climate conditions and the associated characteristics and risks of multi-year energy droughts, crucial for informing future energy system design. As Europe’s renewable energy grows, energy droughts become more likely. This analysis of daily production and demand from five EU countries shows that compounded weather impacts, such as low spring reservoir inflows, can quadruple drought risks in summer and winter.
{"title":"Temporally compounding energy droughts in European electricity systems with hydropower","authors":"L. van der Most, K. van der Wiel, R. M. J. Benders, P. W. Gerbens-Leenes, R. Bintanja","doi":"10.1038/s41560-024-01640-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41560-024-01640-5","url":null,"abstract":"As Europe’s renewable energy capacities expand, electricity systems face increased risks of energy droughts—periods of low production coinciding with high demand. We evaluate characteristics of electricity variability due to weather variations by calculating 1,600 years of daily production and demand. Focusing on five European countries—chosen for their energy mix including hydropower—we find that energy droughts result from processes that cause (temporally) compounding impacts in the energy and meteorological system. These can turn what might have been short-term droughts into prolonged high unmet energy demand. For instance, low reservoir inflows in spring quadruple the chance of prolonged energy droughts: reduced snowpack and rainfall lower hydro availability but also dry out subsoils, increasing the chance of heatwaves and therewith extending the energy problems into summer. We identify and quantify three compounding energy/climate conditions and the associated characteristics and risks of multi-year energy droughts, crucial for informing future energy system design. As Europe’s renewable energy grows, energy droughts become more likely. This analysis of daily production and demand from five EU countries shows that compounded weather impacts, such as low spring reservoir inflows, can quadruple drought risks in summer and winter.","PeriodicalId":19073,"journal":{"name":"Nature Energy","volume":"9 12","pages":"1474-1484"},"PeriodicalIF":49.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142324981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-27DOI: 10.1038/s41560-024-01624-5
Meinan He, Louis G. Hector Jr, Fang Dai, Fan Xu, Suryanarayana Kolluri, Nathaniel Hardin, Mei Cai
Lithium-metal battery (LMB) research and development has been ongoing for six decades across academia, industry and national laboratories. Despite this extensive effort, commercial LMBs have yet to displace, or offer a ready alternative to, lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles (EVs). Here we explore some of the most critical industry needs that will have to be resolved to advance practical LMB designs for implementation in EVs. We begin our exploration with a brief overview of LMBs, then consider the following needs: energy density, anode thickness and cathode loading, electrolyte formulation and gas generation, electrolyte injection amount, cathode oxygen release, cell pressure control, cell format, cell manufacturing quality checks and battery modelling. We conclude with generic cell design recommendations for future LMB EV applications. Despite extensive research, lithium-metal batteries have not yet replaced lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles. The authors explore critical industry needs for advancing lithium-metal battery designs for electric vehicles and conclude with cell design recommendations.
{"title":"Industry needs for practical lithium-metal battery designs in electric vehicles","authors":"Meinan He, Louis G. Hector Jr, Fang Dai, Fan Xu, Suryanarayana Kolluri, Nathaniel Hardin, Mei Cai","doi":"10.1038/s41560-024-01624-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41560-024-01624-5","url":null,"abstract":"Lithium-metal battery (LMB) research and development has been ongoing for six decades across academia, industry and national laboratories. Despite this extensive effort, commercial LMBs have yet to displace, or offer a ready alternative to, lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles (EVs). Here we explore some of the most critical industry needs that will have to be resolved to advance practical LMB designs for implementation in EVs. We begin our exploration with a brief overview of LMBs, then consider the following needs: energy density, anode thickness and cathode loading, electrolyte formulation and gas generation, electrolyte injection amount, cathode oxygen release, cell pressure control, cell format, cell manufacturing quality checks and battery modelling. We conclude with generic cell design recommendations for future LMB EV applications. Despite extensive research, lithium-metal batteries have not yet replaced lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles. The authors explore critical industry needs for advancing lithium-metal battery designs for electric vehicles and conclude with cell design recommendations.","PeriodicalId":19073,"journal":{"name":"Nature Energy","volume":"9 10","pages":"1199-1205"},"PeriodicalIF":49.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142324972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-27DOI: 10.1038/s41560-024-01606-7
M. Calcaterra, L. Aleluia Reis, P. Fragkos, T. Briera, H. S. de Boer, F. Egli, J. Emmerling, G. Iyer, S. Mittal, F. H. J. Polzin, M. W. J. L. Sanders, T. S. Schmidt, A. Serebriakova, B. Steffen, D. J. van de Ven, D. P. van Vuuren, P. Waidelich, M. Tavoni
Climate stabilization requires the mobilization of substantial investments in low- and zero-carbon technologies, especially in emerging and developing economies. However, access to stable and affordable finance varies dramatically across countries. Models used to evaluate the energy transition do not differentiate regional financing costs and therefore cannot study risk-sharing mechanisms for renewable electricity generation. In this study, we incorporated the empirically estimated cost of capital differentiated by country and technology into an ensemble of five climate–energy–economy models. We quantified the additional financing cost of decarbonization borne by developing regions and explored policies of risk premium convergence across countries. We found that alleviating financial constraints benefits both climate and equity as a result of more renewable and affordable energy in the developing world. This highlights the importance of fair finance for energy availability, affordability and sustainability, as well as the need to include financial considerations in model-based assessments. Fair finance in the energy sector is modelled in five climate–energy–economy models. The results show that convergence costs of capital could improve energy availability, affordability and sustainability in developing countries, thereby increasing the international equity of the energy transition.
{"title":"Reducing the cost of capital to finance the energy transition in developing countries","authors":"M. Calcaterra, L. Aleluia Reis, P. Fragkos, T. Briera, H. S. de Boer, F. Egli, J. Emmerling, G. Iyer, S. Mittal, F. H. J. Polzin, M. W. J. L. Sanders, T. S. Schmidt, A. Serebriakova, B. Steffen, D. J. van de Ven, D. P. van Vuuren, P. Waidelich, M. Tavoni","doi":"10.1038/s41560-024-01606-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41560-024-01606-7","url":null,"abstract":"Climate stabilization requires the mobilization of substantial investments in low- and zero-carbon technologies, especially in emerging and developing economies. However, access to stable and affordable finance varies dramatically across countries. Models used to evaluate the energy transition do not differentiate regional financing costs and therefore cannot study risk-sharing mechanisms for renewable electricity generation. In this study, we incorporated the empirically estimated cost of capital differentiated by country and technology into an ensemble of five climate–energy–economy models. We quantified the additional financing cost of decarbonization borne by developing regions and explored policies of risk premium convergence across countries. We found that alleviating financial constraints benefits both climate and equity as a result of more renewable and affordable energy in the developing world. This highlights the importance of fair finance for energy availability, affordability and sustainability, as well as the need to include financial considerations in model-based assessments. Fair finance in the energy sector is modelled in five climate–energy–economy models. The results show that convergence costs of capital could improve energy availability, affordability and sustainability in developing countries, thereby increasing the international equity of the energy transition.","PeriodicalId":19073,"journal":{"name":"Nature Energy","volume":"9 10","pages":"1241-1251"},"PeriodicalIF":49.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41560-024-01606-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142324970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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