Pub Date : 2025-12-12DOI: 10.1038/s41560-025-01894-7
Jiahui Chen, James E. Anderson, Robert De Kleine, Hyung Chul Kim, Gregory Keoleian, Parth Vaishnav
Electric vehicles (EVs) can reduce greenhouse gas emissions, but widespread adoption is held back by higher upfront and—in some cases—lifetime ownership costs. Here, for a representative EV across the contiguous USA, we estimate the impact of different charging strategies on owners’ electricity bills and greenhouse gas emissions for charging and other household uses over the vehicle’s lifetime. We account for local climate, regional differences in vehicle use and projected grid decarbonization during the EV’s lifetime. Compared with uncontrolled charging, optimizing charging and using EV batteries to optimally shift electricity purchases for other household loads, a strategy referred to as vehicle-to-home (V2H), could reduce emissions from non-EV household loads by more than EV charging increases emissions in 69% of US counties, covering 62% of the population. V2H could cut costs by US$3,800 (5th–95th percentile range US$2,400–US$5,600) or 61% (37%–91%) and life-cycle emissions by 38 t CO2-equivalent (24 t CO2-e–57 t CO2e) or 89% (50%–150%).
{"title":"Vehicle-to-home charging can cut costs and greenhouse gas emissions across the USA","authors":"Jiahui Chen, James E. Anderson, Robert De Kleine, Hyung Chul Kim, Gregory Keoleian, Parth Vaishnav","doi":"10.1038/s41560-025-01894-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-025-01894-7","url":null,"abstract":"Electric vehicles (EVs) can reduce greenhouse gas emissions, but widespread adoption is held back by higher upfront and—in some cases—lifetime ownership costs. Here, for a representative EV across the contiguous USA, we estimate the impact of different charging strategies on owners’ electricity bills and greenhouse gas emissions for charging and other household uses over the vehicle’s lifetime. We account for local climate, regional differences in vehicle use and projected grid decarbonization during the EV’s lifetime. Compared with uncontrolled charging, optimizing charging and using EV batteries to optimally shift electricity purchases for other household loads, a strategy referred to as vehicle-to-home (V2H), could reduce emissions from non-EV household loads by more than EV charging increases emissions in 69% of US counties, covering 62% of the population. V2H could cut costs by US$3,800 (5th–95th percentile range US$2,400–US$5,600) or 61% (37%–91%) and life-cycle emissions by 38 t CO2-equivalent (24 t CO2-e–57 t CO2e) or 89% (50%–150%).","PeriodicalId":19073,"journal":{"name":"Nature Energy","volume":"168 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":56.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145746810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-05DOI: 10.1038/s41560-025-01927-1
Philip Colangelo, Ayse K. Coskun, Jack Megrue, Ciaran Roberts, Shayan Sengupta, Varun Sivaram, Ethan Tiao, Aroon Vijaykar, Chris Williams, Daniel C. Wilson, Brandon Records, Zack MacFarland, Daniel Dreiling, Nathan Morey, Anuja Ratnayake, Baskar Vairamohan
{"title":"AI data centres as grid-interactive assets","authors":"Philip Colangelo, Ayse K. Coskun, Jack Megrue, Ciaran Roberts, Shayan Sengupta, Varun Sivaram, Ethan Tiao, Aroon Vijaykar, Chris Williams, Daniel C. Wilson, Brandon Records, Zack MacFarland, Daniel Dreiling, Nathan Morey, Anuja Ratnayake, Baskar Vairamohan","doi":"10.1038/s41560-025-01927-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-025-01927-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19073,"journal":{"name":"Nature Energy","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":56.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145680733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-05DOI: 10.1038/s41560-025-01911-9
Lin Yuan, Briley B. Bourgeois, Elijah Begin, Yirui Zhang, Alan X. Dai, Zhihua Cheng, Amy S. McKeown-Green, Zhichen Xue, Yi Cui, Kun Xu, Yu Wang, Matthew R. Jones, Yi Cui, Arun Majumdar, Junwei Lucas Bao, Jennifer A. Dionne
{"title":"Atmospheric-pressure ammonia synthesis on AuRu catalysts enabled by plasmon-controlled hydrogenation and nitrogen-species desorption","authors":"Lin Yuan, Briley B. Bourgeois, Elijah Begin, Yirui Zhang, Alan X. Dai, Zhihua Cheng, Amy S. McKeown-Green, Zhichen Xue, Yi Cui, Kun Xu, Yu Wang, Matthew R. Jones, Yi Cui, Arun Majumdar, Junwei Lucas Bao, Jennifer A. Dionne","doi":"10.1038/s41560-025-01911-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-025-01911-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19073,"journal":{"name":"Nature Energy","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":56.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145680729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-04DOI: 10.1038/s41560-025-01921-7
Juan Ramon L. Senga, Audun Botterud, John E. Parsons, S. Drew Story, Christopher R. Knittel
{"title":"Implications of policy-driven transmission expansion for costs, emissions and reliability in the USA","authors":"Juan Ramon L. Senga, Audun Botterud, John E. Parsons, S. Drew Story, Christopher R. Knittel","doi":"10.1038/s41560-025-01921-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-025-01921-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19073,"journal":{"name":"Nature Energy","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":56.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145664441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1038/s41560-025-01925-3
Jack Peden, James Ryley, Jeronimo Terrones, Fiona Smail, James A. Elliott, Alan Windle, Adam Boies
Converting natural gas into hydrogen and solid carbon materials using methane pyrolysis presents a promising opportunity to produce sustainable fuels and materials. The production of hydrogen and bulk carbon nanotubes (CNTs) via methane pyrolysis has been demonstrated independently, but concurrent production from the same reactor has remained elusive. Here we present a multi-pass floating catalyst chemical vapour deposition (FCCVD) reactor that converts methane into hydrogen and CNT aerogel. Whereas previous FCCVD CNT production consumed hydrogen, the multi-pass reactor recycles the carrier gas to eliminate the need for a hydrogen input. This results in a net output of 85 vol% hydrogen alongside CNT aerogel and a 446-fold increase in molar process efficiency. Furthermore, the demonstrated use of biogas to produce CNT aerogel enables a potential net sequestration of CO 2 from the atmosphere. The results of this study have been extrapolated to a pilot-scale reactor, using data gathered at a commercial facility, to consider the challenges and opportunities associated with scale-up.
{"title":"Production of hydrogen and carbon nanotubes from methane using a multi-pass floating catalyst chemical vapour deposition reactor with process gas recycling","authors":"Jack Peden, James Ryley, Jeronimo Terrones, Fiona Smail, James A. Elliott, Alan Windle, Adam Boies","doi":"10.1038/s41560-025-01925-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-025-01925-3","url":null,"abstract":"Converting natural gas into hydrogen and solid carbon materials using methane pyrolysis presents a promising opportunity to produce sustainable fuels and materials. The production of hydrogen and bulk carbon nanotubes (CNTs) via methane pyrolysis has been demonstrated independently, but concurrent production from the same reactor has remained elusive. Here we present a multi-pass floating catalyst chemical vapour deposition (FCCVD) reactor that converts methane into hydrogen and CNT aerogel. Whereas previous FCCVD CNT production consumed hydrogen, the multi-pass reactor recycles the carrier gas to eliminate the need for a hydrogen input. This results in a net output of 85 vol% hydrogen alongside CNT aerogel and a 446-fold increase in molar process efficiency. Furthermore, the demonstrated use of biogas to produce CNT aerogel enables a potential net sequestration of CO <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> from the atmosphere. The results of this study have been extrapolated to a pilot-scale reactor, using data gathered at a commercial facility, to consider the challenges and opportunities associated with scale-up.","PeriodicalId":19073,"journal":{"name":"Nature Energy","volume":"198200 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":56.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145645242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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