Pub Date : 2026-01-12DOI: 10.1038/s41560-025-01947-x
Georgia Kakoulaki, Robert Kenny, Taylor Nigel, Ana Maria Gracia-Amillo, Szabo Sandor, Ana M. Martínez, Christian Thiel, Arnulf Jäger-Waldau
Individual building-level approaches are needed to understand the full potential of rooftop photovoltaics (PV) at national and regional scale. Here we use the European Digital Building Stock Model R2025, an open-access building-level database, to assess rooftop solar potential for each of the 271 million buildings in the European Union. The results show that potential capacity could reach 2.3 TWp (1,822 GWp residential, 519 GWp non-residential), with an annual output of 2,750 TWh based on current PV technology. This corresponds to approximately 40% of electricity demand in a 100% renewable scenario for 2050. Already by 2030, over a half of buildings with floor area larger than 2,000 m2 could generate most of remaining capacity for the 2030 target with 355 GWp. Across member states, non-residential rooftops could cover 50% or more of their PV targets, with several exceeding 95%. The open-access building-level database offers practical tools to support better decisions, accelerate renewable energy adoption and promote a more decentralized energy system. It is also an enabler for planners and researchers to further explore energy scenarios with high renewable shares.
{"title":"Mapping Europe’s rooftop photovoltaic potential with a building-level database","authors":"Georgia Kakoulaki, Robert Kenny, Taylor Nigel, Ana Maria Gracia-Amillo, Szabo Sandor, Ana M. Martínez, Christian Thiel, Arnulf Jäger-Waldau","doi":"10.1038/s41560-025-01947-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-025-01947-x","url":null,"abstract":"Individual building-level approaches are needed to understand the full potential of rooftop photovoltaics (PV) at national and regional scale. Here we use the European Digital Building Stock Model R2025, an open-access building-level database, to assess rooftop solar potential for each of the 271 million buildings in the European Union. The results show that potential capacity could reach 2.3 TWp (1,822 GWp residential, 519 GWp non-residential), with an annual output of 2,750 TWh based on current PV technology. This corresponds to approximately 40% of electricity demand in a 100% renewable scenario for 2050. Already by 2030, over a half of buildings with floor area larger than 2,000 m2 could generate most of remaining capacity for the 2030 target with 355 GWp. Across member states, non-residential rooftops could cover 50% or more of their PV targets, with several exceeding 95%. The open-access building-level database offers practical tools to support better decisions, accelerate renewable energy adoption and promote a more decentralized energy system. It is also an enabler for planners and researchers to further explore energy scenarios with high renewable shares.","PeriodicalId":19073,"journal":{"name":"Nature Energy","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":56.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145956271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-09DOI: 10.1038/s41560-025-01940-4
Jessica DiCarlo, Raphael Deberdt, Nicole M. Smith, Scott D. Odell, Aaron Malone, Lydia L. Jennings
{"title":"A just energy transition requires just-shoring critical materials","authors":"Jessica DiCarlo, Raphael Deberdt, Nicole M. Smith, Scott D. Odell, Aaron Malone, Lydia L. Jennings","doi":"10.1038/s41560-025-01940-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41560-025-01940-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19073,"journal":{"name":"Nature Energy","volume":"11 1","pages":"3-4"},"PeriodicalIF":60.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145938221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-06DOI: 10.1038/s41560-025-01933-3
Elaine Robinson
{"title":"Fuel poverty risk at the end of life needs urgent attention","authors":"Elaine Robinson","doi":"10.1038/s41560-025-01933-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-025-01933-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19073,"journal":{"name":"Nature Energy","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":56.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145902962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-02DOI: 10.1038/s41560-025-01909-3
Youngjun Jeon, Donggun Eum, Ho-Young Jang, Young-Uk Park, Mincheol Beak, Kyoungoh Kim, Dae Soo Jung, Minsik Oh, In-Suk Choi, Kun-Hee Ko, Youngsin Kim, Jihyeon Kim, Sangwook Han, Kisuk Kang
Single-crystalline layered oxides offer a promising solution to mitigate the rapid capacity decay observed in conventional polycrystalline nickel-rich oxide cathodes. However, achieving both morphological (large grain size) and structural (cation-disorder-free) control in single crystals remains challenging due to the trade-off between grain growth and phase stability, particularly at high-nickel contents. Here we report cation-disorder-free ultrahigh-nickel single-crystalline oxide cathodes with ~10-μm particle sizes, comparable to commercial secondary particles, that deliver high volumetric capacity and stable cycling. These single crystals withstand calendering and resist intra-granular cracking, achieving electrode densities of up to 77% of the theoretical crystal density. The improved stability is linked to reduced structural strain and modified glide behaviour due to the absence of cation disorder, emphasizing its critical role in chemomechanical behaviour. Additionally, gas evolution is reduced by a factor of 25, and the thermal onset temperature drops by more than 20 °C at ~4.5 V versus Li/Li+, underscoring superior safety features and energy density potential. Single-crystalline layered oxides can reduce capacity decay in nickel-rich cathodes, but controlling both the particle size and cation disorder is challenging. This work reports cation-disorder-free ~10-μm single-crystalline cathodes that deliver high volumetric capacity and cycle stability as well as improved safety.
{"title":"Approaching the theoretical density limit of ultrahigh-nickel cathodes via cation-disorder-free 10-μm single-crystalline particles","authors":"Youngjun Jeon, Donggun Eum, Ho-Young Jang, Young-Uk Park, Mincheol Beak, Kyoungoh Kim, Dae Soo Jung, Minsik Oh, In-Suk Choi, Kun-Hee Ko, Youngsin Kim, Jihyeon Kim, Sangwook Han, Kisuk Kang","doi":"10.1038/s41560-025-01909-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41560-025-01909-3","url":null,"abstract":"Single-crystalline layered oxides offer a promising solution to mitigate the rapid capacity decay observed in conventional polycrystalline nickel-rich oxide cathodes. However, achieving both morphological (large grain size) and structural (cation-disorder-free) control in single crystals remains challenging due to the trade-off between grain growth and phase stability, particularly at high-nickel contents. Here we report cation-disorder-free ultrahigh-nickel single-crystalline oxide cathodes with ~10-μm particle sizes, comparable to commercial secondary particles, that deliver high volumetric capacity and stable cycling. These single crystals withstand calendering and resist intra-granular cracking, achieving electrode densities of up to 77% of the theoretical crystal density. The improved stability is linked to reduced structural strain and modified glide behaviour due to the absence of cation disorder, emphasizing its critical role in chemomechanical behaviour. Additionally, gas evolution is reduced by a factor of 25, and the thermal onset temperature drops by more than 20 °C at ~4.5 V versus Li/Li+, underscoring superior safety features and energy density potential. Single-crystalline layered oxides can reduce capacity decay in nickel-rich cathodes, but controlling both the particle size and cation disorder is challenging. This work reports cation-disorder-free ~10-μm single-crystalline cathodes that deliver high volumetric capacity and cycle stability as well as improved safety.","PeriodicalId":19073,"journal":{"name":"Nature Energy","volume":"11 1","pages":"76-86"},"PeriodicalIF":60.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145895207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-02DOI: 10.1038/s41560-025-01928-0
When electricity supply exceeds demand, consumers can be paid to use electricity through negative pricing. Simulations based on national surveys indicate that such pricing could double electricity loads in many US counties. However, market policies and grids must be carefully designed to avoid destabilizing the power grid with demand surges.
{"title":"Negative pricing increases electricity use but challenges grid stability","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s41560-025-01928-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41560-025-01928-0","url":null,"abstract":"When electricity supply exceeds demand, consumers can be paid to use electricity through negative pricing. Simulations based on national surveys indicate that such pricing could double electricity loads in many US counties. However, market policies and grids must be carefully designed to avoid destabilizing the power grid with demand surges.","PeriodicalId":19073,"journal":{"name":"Nature Energy","volume":"11 1","pages":"34-35"},"PeriodicalIF":60.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145895206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-31DOI: 10.1038/s41560-025-01930-6
{"title":"Designing ionic liquid additives to increase the stability of perovskite solar cells","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s41560-025-01930-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-025-01930-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19073,"journal":{"name":"Nature Energy","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":56.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145895335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-31DOI: 10.1038/s41560-025-01903-9
Narges Yaghoobi Nia, Mahmoud Zendehdel, Barbara Paci, Jiayi Xu, Marco Di Giovannantonio, Amanda Generosi, Enrico Leonardi, Cong Liu, Giorgio Contini, Marco Guaragno, Michael Grätzel, Aldo Di Carlo
The use of two-dimensional perovskite interlayers enables high efficiency in perovskite solar cells and modules but presents challenges for their long-term operational stability. Here we use a co-crystal engineering approach to improve the long-term stability of these devices. We use a neutral molecule, benzoguanamine, as a linker in low-dimensional perovskites, replacing conventional ionic molecules, and form a co-crystal. By applying this co-crystal layer onto the perovskite layer, we achieve power conversion efficiency of 23.4% in small-area solar cells, and 23.1% and 18.5% on solar modules with active areas of 9.0 cm2 and 48 cm2, respectively. The solar modules retain more than 95% and 98% of their initial efficiency after >5,000 h of 1-sun light soaking and >1,000 h of ultraviolet-ray exposure, respectively, at maximum power point conditions. They also retain more than 91% of their initial efficiency after >5,000 h of continuous thermal stress at 85 °C. Two-dimensional perovskites enable high efficiency in perovskite photovoltaics but compromise operational stability. Yaghoobi Nia et al. form two-dimensional perovskite co-crystals with neutral templating molecules, improving the stability of perovskite solar modules.
{"title":"Co-crystal engineering of a two-dimensional perovskite phase for perovskite solar modules with improved efficiency and stability","authors":"Narges Yaghoobi Nia, Mahmoud Zendehdel, Barbara Paci, Jiayi Xu, Marco Di Giovannantonio, Amanda Generosi, Enrico Leonardi, Cong Liu, Giorgio Contini, Marco Guaragno, Michael Grätzel, Aldo Di Carlo","doi":"10.1038/s41560-025-01903-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41560-025-01903-9","url":null,"abstract":"The use of two-dimensional perovskite interlayers enables high efficiency in perovskite solar cells and modules but presents challenges for their long-term operational stability. Here we use a co-crystal engineering approach to improve the long-term stability of these devices. We use a neutral molecule, benzoguanamine, as a linker in low-dimensional perovskites, replacing conventional ionic molecules, and form a co-crystal. By applying this co-crystal layer onto the perovskite layer, we achieve power conversion efficiency of 23.4% in small-area solar cells, and 23.1% and 18.5% on solar modules with active areas of 9.0 cm2 and 48 cm2, respectively. The solar modules retain more than 95% and 98% of their initial efficiency after >5,000 h of 1-sun light soaking and >1,000 h of ultraviolet-ray exposure, respectively, at maximum power point conditions. They also retain more than 91% of their initial efficiency after >5,000 h of continuous thermal stress at 85 °C. Two-dimensional perovskites enable high efficiency in perovskite photovoltaics but compromise operational stability. Yaghoobi Nia et al. form two-dimensional perovskite co-crystals with neutral templating molecules, improving the stability of perovskite solar modules.","PeriodicalId":19073,"journal":{"name":"Nature Energy","volume":"11 1","pages":"135-149"},"PeriodicalIF":60.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145895334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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