Nature Energy最新文献

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Unveiling sensor-induced behaviours

IF 49.7 1区材料科学 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Nature Energy

Pub Date : 2025-01-28 DOI: 10.1038/s41560-025-01709-9

Alex Zhang

引用次数: 0

Improving the operational stability of electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction via salt precipitation understanding and management

IF 49.7 1区材料科学 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Nature Energy

Pub Date : 2025-01-28 DOI: 10.1038/s41560-024-01695-4

Shaoyun Hao, Ahmad Elgazzar, Nandakishore Ravi, Tae-Ung Wi, Peng Zhu, Yuge Feng, Yang Xia, Feng-Yang Chen, Xiaonan Shan, Haotian Wang

The practical application of electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR) technology remains hindered by poor stability, primarily owing to bicarbonate salt formation at the cathode, which blocks reactant CO2 mass flow. Here, using operando characterization tools, we tracked the salt formation process and quantified salt precipitation under varying device operational conditions, elucidating a potential mechanism and optimizing anolyte conditions for long-term (>1,000 h) operation CO2RR to CO under >100 mA cm–2. Liquid droplets carrying cations and (bi)carbonate ions were observed to migrate from the catalyst/membrane interface towards the backside of the gas diffusion electrode, driven by interfacial gas evolution and CO2 flow. These droplets eventually dried, forming bicarbonate salt precipitates that blocked the gas flow channels. On the basis of this observation, we applied a hydrophobic parylene coating to the cathode gas flow channel surface, facilitating the removal of the droplets and extending stability from ~100 h to over 500 h under 200 mA cm–2. Devices for electrochemical CO2 reduction can suffer from salt precipitation that blocks gas flow, leading to instability. Hao et al. explore possible salt formation mechanisms and provide a means to mitigate it via application of hydrophobic surface coatings.

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引用次数: 0

Citizen-financed solar projects 公民出资的太阳能项目

IF 49.7 1区材料科学 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Nature Energy

Pub Date : 2025-01-28 DOI: 10.1038/s41560-025-01710-2

Silvana Lakeman

引用次数: 0

Compatible layers bring benefits

IF 49.7 1区材料科学 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Nature Energy

Pub Date : 2025-01-28 DOI: 10.1038/s41560-025-01711-1

James Gallagher

引用次数: 0

A microscopic look at degradation

IF 49.7 1区材料科学 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Nature Energy

Pub Date : 2025-01-28 DOI: 10.1038/s41560-024-01702-8

David P. Fenning, Maimur Hossain, Connor J. Dolan

Improving the durability of perovskite solar cells requires a deeper understanding of the mechanisms occurring at the nano- to microscale that degrade the optoelectronic quality of the perovskite and its interfaces during operation. Now researchers demonstrate a multimodal microscopy toolkit as a diagnostic tool to address this issue.

要提高过氧化物太阳能电池的耐用性，就必须深入了解纳米到微米尺度上发生的机制，这些机制会在运行过程中降低过氧化物及其界面的光电质量。现在，研究人员展示了一种多模态显微镜工具包，作为解决这一问题的诊断工具。

引用次数: 0

Power price stability and the insurance value of renewable technologies

IF 56.7 1区材料科学 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Nature Energy

Pub Date : 2025-01-28 DOI: 10.1038/s41560-025-01704-0

Daniel Navia Simon, Laura Diaz Anadon

To understand if renewables stabilize or destabilize electricity prices, we simulate European power markets as projected by the National Energy and Climate Plans for 2030 but replicating the historical variability in electricity demand, the prices of fossil fuels and weather. We propose a β-sensitivity metric, defined as the projected increase in the average annual price of electricity when the price of natural gas increases by 1 euro. We show that annual power prices spikes would be more moderate because the β-sensitivity would fall from 1.4 euros to 1 euro. Deployment of solar photovoltaic and wind technologies exceeding 30% of the 2030 target would lower it further, below 0.5 euros. Our framework shows that this stabilization of prices would produce social welfare gains, that is, we find an insurance value of renewables. Because market mechanisms do not internalize this value, we argue that it should be explicitly considered in energy policy decisions.

引用次数: 0

The closing longevity gap between battery electric vehicles and internal combustion vehicles in Great Britain

IF 56.7 1区材料科学 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Nature Energy

Pub Date : 2025-01-24 DOI: 10.1038/s41560-024-01698-1

Viet Nguyen-Tien, Chengyu Zhang, Eric Strobl, Robert J. R. Elliott

Electric vehicles are increasingly being adopted in Great Britain and other parts of the world, driven by the perception that they offer a cost-effective alternative to internal combustion engine vehicles while reducing emissions. However, a key element that underpins this perception is the longevity of electric vehicles, which remains relatively under researched. Here we show that although early battery electric vehicles (BEVs) exhibited lower reliability than internal combustion engine vehicles, rapid technological advancements have allowed newer BEVs to achieve comparable lifespans, even under more intensive use. Longevity is also found to be impacted by engine size, location and make of vehicle. We provide parameter estimates for life mileage that can be used to update life cycle assessment and total cost of ownership studies of different vehicle powertrains. Our results also shed light on BEV diffusion patterns, fleet replacement strategies and end-of-life treatment planning, including the increasingly important debate around BEV battery recycling and second-life options.

引用次数: 0

Diversity of biomass usage pathways to achieve emissions targets in the European energy system 生物质利用途径的多样性，以实现欧洲能源系统的排放目标

IF 49.7 1区材料科学 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Nature Energy

Pub Date : 2025-01-23 DOI: 10.1038/s41560-024-01693-6

M. Millinger, F. Hedenus, E. Zeyen, F. Neumann, L. Reichenberg, G. Berndes

Biomass is a versatile renewable energy source with applications across the energy system, but it is a limited resource and its usage needs prioritization. We use a sector-coupled European energy system model to explore near-optimal solutions for achieving emissions targets. We find that provision of biogenic carbon has higher value than bioenergy provision. Energy system costs increase by 20% if biomass is excluded at a net-negative (−110%) emissions target and by 14% at a net-zero target. Dispatchable bioelectricity covering ~1% of total electricity generation strengthens supply reliability. Otherwise, it is not crucial in which sector biomass is used, if combined with carbon capture to enable negative emissions and feedstock for e-fuel production. A shortage of renewable electricity or hydrogen supply primarily increases the value of using biomass for fuel production. Results are sensitive to upstream emissions of biomass, carbon sequestration capacity and costs of direct air capture. This study examines trade-offs of varying biomass use in the energy system under stringent emissions targets, finding its primary value as a renewable carbon source for chemicals, fuels and negative emissions rather than as an energy carrier.

生物质是一种用途广泛的可再生能源，在整个能源系统中都有应用，但它是一种有限的资源，其使用需要优先考虑。我们使用一个部门耦合的欧洲能源系统模型来探索实现排放目标的近乎最佳的解决方案。研究发现，提供生物碳比提供生物能源具有更高的价值。如果在净负（- 110%）排放目标中不包括生物质，能源系统成本将增加20%，而在净零排放目标中则增加14%。可调度生物电约占总发电量的1%，增强了供电可靠性。否则，在哪个部门使用生物质并不重要，如果与碳捕获相结合，可以实现负排放和电子燃料生产的原料。可再生电力或氢气供应的短缺主要增加了使用生物质生产燃料的价值。结果对上游生物质的排放、碳固存能力和直接空气捕获的成本很敏感。

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引用次数: 0

Biomass exclusion must be weighed against benefits of carbon supply in European energy system 在欧洲能源系统中，排除生物质必须与碳供应的好处进行权衡

IF 49.7 1区材料科学 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Nature Energy

Pub Date : 2025-01-23 DOI: 10.1038/s41560-024-01685-6

M. Millinger, F. Hedenus, E. Zeyen, F. Neumann, L. Reichenberg, G. Berndes

Biomass associated with low upstream emissions offers cost-effective renewable carbon for negative emissions and production of chemicals, aviation and shipping fuels, reducing the need for more costly options like direct air capture. Policy support for sustainable biomass use alongside emerging technologies reduces energy system costs and the risk of missing emissions targets.

与低上游排放相关的生物质为负排放和化学品、航空和航运燃料的生产提供了具有成本效益的可再生碳，减少了对直接空气捕获等成本更高的选择的需求。对可持续生物质利用的政策支持以及新兴技术降低了能源系统成本和无法实现排放目标的风险。

引用次数: 0

Lessons from wholesale market success for system service procurement design in high renewable electricity markets 批发市场成功经验对高可再生电力市场系统服务采购设计的启示

IF 49.7 1区材料科学 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Nature Energy

Pub Date : 2025-01-15 DOI: 10.1038/s41560-024-01699-0

Muireann Á. Lynch, Valentin Bertsch

Climate action and the energy affordability and security crisis caused by the Ukrainian war have accelerated a shift towards variable renewable electricity generation, such as wind and solar power. These energy sources in turn pose new technical challenges for system operators, who must procure new services to support a renewables-based power system. Here we argue that these services have particular economic characteristics that render their optimal procurement a non-trivial exercise. Drawing on the successful collaboration between economic and technical disciplines in wholesale market design, we propose four areas where future collaboration can prove fruitful for designing and procuring the services necessary for secure system operation at high levels of renewable generation. Increased levels of renewable electricity require new flexible operation from generators and consumers. This Perspective considers several challenges in designing markets to procure this flexible operation. Expertise from economists and technicians alike is required to address these challenges.

气候行动以及乌克兰战争引发的能源负担能力和安全危机加速了向风能和太阳能等可变可再生能源发电的转变。这些能源反过来又给系统运营商带来了新的技术挑战，他们必须采购新的服务来支持以可再生能源为基础的电力系统。在此，我们认为这些服务具有特殊的经济特征，因此优化采购这些服务并非易事。借鉴批发市场设计中经济学科与技术学科之间的成功合作，我们提出了四个领域，在这些领域中，未来的合作将证明是富有成效的，可以设计和采购在高水平可再生能源发电情况下确保系统安全运行所需的服务。

引用次数: 0

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