Pub Date : 2024-07-12DOI: 10.1038/s41560-024-01575-x
Eric O’Shaughnessy, Galen Barbose, Sudha Kannan, Jenny Sumner
Community solar, a business model where multiple customers buy output from shared solar systems, has expanded solar access among multifamily housing occupants, renters, and low-income households. Policies to enable community solar could be expanded and benefits of access augmented through targeted measures to support community solar adoption in underserved communities.
{"title":"Community solar reaches adopters underserved by rooftop solar","authors":"Eric O’Shaughnessy, Galen Barbose, Sudha Kannan, Jenny Sumner","doi":"10.1038/s41560-024-01575-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41560-024-01575-x","url":null,"abstract":"Community solar, a business model where multiple customers buy output from shared solar systems, has expanded solar access among multifamily housing occupants, renters, and low-income households. Policies to enable community solar could be expanded and benefits of access augmented through targeted measures to support community solar adoption in underserved communities.","PeriodicalId":19073,"journal":{"name":"Nature Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":49.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41560-024-01575-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141597621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-12DOI: 10.1038/s41560-024-01566-y
Zhijie Wang, Biao Zhang
Lithium-metal batteries represent a promising next-generation power source, but there is a trade-off between their energy density and cyclic stability. Now, an electrolyte designed to feature large solvation clustering structures enables a large lithium-metal pouch cell with a boosted energy density of 500 Wh kg−1 and an extended lifespan.
{"title":"Larger solvation clusters yield superior results","authors":"Zhijie Wang, Biao Zhang","doi":"10.1038/s41560-024-01566-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41560-024-01566-y","url":null,"abstract":"Lithium-metal batteries represent a promising next-generation power source, but there is a trade-off between their energy density and cyclic stability. Now, an electrolyte designed to feature large solvation clustering structures enables a large lithium-metal pouch cell with a boosted energy density of 500 Wh kg−1 and an extended lifespan.","PeriodicalId":19073,"journal":{"name":"Nature Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":49.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141597619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-10DOI: 10.1038/s41560-024-01584-w
The inflexibility of power grids can lead to stranded renewable power that cannot be absorbed by the grid. Now, a modular electrochemical synthesis strategy for the production of value-added chemicals is demonstrated to provide demand flexibility, enabling participation in different electricity markets and creating opportunities to generate revenue.
{"title":"Flexible participation of electrosynthesis in dynamic electricity markets","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s41560-024-01584-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-024-01584-w","url":null,"abstract":"The inflexibility of power grids can lead to stranded renewable power that cannot be absorbed by the grid. Now, a modular electrochemical synthesis strategy for the production of value-added chemicals is demonstrated to provide demand flexibility, enabling participation in different electricity markets and creating opportunities to generate revenue.","PeriodicalId":19073,"journal":{"name":"Nature Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":56.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141575130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The development of practical lithium metal cells is plagued by their limited lifespan, primarily due to the poor interfacial stability of the electrolytes. Here we present a compact ion-pair aggregate (CIPA) electrolyte that enables high-performance Li metal pouch cells under lean electrolyte conditions. The electrolyte features a unique nanometre-scale solvation structure in which ion pairs are densely packed to form large CIPAs, in contrast to conventional electrolytes that comprise small aggregates. Notably, the CIPAs facilitate fast interfacial reduction kinetics on the Li metal anode via a collective electron-transfer process, leading to the formation of a stable interface. A 505.9 Wh kg−1 Li metal pouch cell with a high-nickel-content cathode (LiNi0.905Co0.06Mn0.035O2) exhibited a 91% energy retention after 130 cycles. This work demonstrates nanostructured electrolyte design for realizing high-performance Li metal batteries. It also showcases the importance of understanding interfacial reaction mechanisms in the design and development of electrolytes. Electrolyte design is crucial for lithium metal battery development. Here the authors report an electrolyte with a compact solvation structure on the nanometre scale that facilitates fast interfacial reaction kinetics and improves battery performance.
{"title":"Towards long-life 500 Wh kg−1 lithium metal pouch cells via compact ion-pair aggregate electrolytes","authors":"Yulin Jie, Shiyang Wang, Suting Weng, Yue Liu, Ming Yang, Chao Tang, Xinpeng Li, Zhengfeng Zhang, Yuchen Zhang, Yawei Chen, Fanyang Huang, Yaolin Xu, Wanxia Li, Youzhang Guo, Zixu He, Xiaodi Ren, Yuhao Lu, Ke Yang, Saichao Cao, He Lin, Ruiguo Cao, Pengfei Yan, Tao Cheng, Xuefeng Wang, Shuhong Jiao, Dongsheng Xu","doi":"10.1038/s41560-024-01565-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41560-024-01565-z","url":null,"abstract":"The development of practical lithium metal cells is plagued by their limited lifespan, primarily due to the poor interfacial stability of the electrolytes. Here we present a compact ion-pair aggregate (CIPA) electrolyte that enables high-performance Li metal pouch cells under lean electrolyte conditions. The electrolyte features a unique nanometre-scale solvation structure in which ion pairs are densely packed to form large CIPAs, in contrast to conventional electrolytes that comprise small aggregates. Notably, the CIPAs facilitate fast interfacial reduction kinetics on the Li metal anode via a collective electron-transfer process, leading to the formation of a stable interface. A 505.9 Wh kg−1 Li metal pouch cell with a high-nickel-content cathode (LiNi0.905Co0.06Mn0.035O2) exhibited a 91% energy retention after 130 cycles. This work demonstrates nanostructured electrolyte design for realizing high-performance Li metal batteries. It also showcases the importance of understanding interfacial reaction mechanisms in the design and development of electrolytes. Electrolyte design is crucial for lithium metal battery development. Here the authors report an electrolyte with a compact solvation structure on the nanometre scale that facilitates fast interfacial reaction kinetics and improves battery performance.","PeriodicalId":19073,"journal":{"name":"Nature Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":49.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141557221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-08DOI: 10.1038/s41560-024-01581-z
Simon Voelker, Niklas Groll, Marvin Bachmann, Leonard Mueller, Marcel Neumann, Theodoros Kossioris, Paul Muthyala, Bastian Lehrheuer, Marius Hofmeister, Andreas Vorholt, Katharina Schmitz, Stefan Pischinger, Walter Leitner, André Bardow
Clean transport requires tailored energy carriers. For heavy-duty transportation, synthetic fuels are promising but must fulfil the key challenges of achieving carbon neutrality while reducing air pollution and ensuring scalability through compatibility with existing infrastructure. Here we show that hydroformylated Fischer–Tropsch (HyFiT) fuels composed of optimized alkane–alcohol blends simultaneously address these challenges. First, the design of the HyFiT fuel process flexibly closes the carbon cycle by employing biomass or carbon dioxide as feedstock, while being scalable through mature technologies. Second, fuel testing shows that HyFiT fuels comply with global fuel standards. Material compatibility is demonstrated for two standard sealing materials, enabling the retrofit of today’s vehicle fleets. Third, vehicle testing shows that HyFiT fuels substantially reduce combustion-induced particulate matter and nitrogen oxides. Fourth, a well-to-wheel life cycle assessment finds that HyFiT fuels enable the transition to net-zero greenhouse gas emissions, showing simultaneously a favourable profile in other environmental parameters. HyFiT fuels can thus complement electrification for heavy-duty transportation.
{"title":"Towards carbon-neutral and clean propulsion in heavy-duty transportation with hydroformylated Fischer–Tropsch fuels","authors":"Simon Voelker, Niklas Groll, Marvin Bachmann, Leonard Mueller, Marcel Neumann, Theodoros Kossioris, Paul Muthyala, Bastian Lehrheuer, Marius Hofmeister, Andreas Vorholt, Katharina Schmitz, Stefan Pischinger, Walter Leitner, André Bardow","doi":"10.1038/s41560-024-01581-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-024-01581-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Clean transport requires tailored energy carriers. For heavy-duty transportation, synthetic fuels are promising but must fulfil the key challenges of achieving carbon neutrality while reducing air pollution and ensuring scalability through compatibility with existing infrastructure. Here we show that hydroformylated Fischer–Tropsch (HyFiT) fuels composed of optimized alkane–alcohol blends simultaneously address these challenges. First, the design of the HyFiT fuel process flexibly closes the carbon cycle by employing biomass or carbon dioxide as feedstock, while being scalable through mature technologies. Second, fuel testing shows that HyFiT fuels comply with global fuel standards. Material compatibility is demonstrated for two standard sealing materials, enabling the retrofit of today’s vehicle fleets. Third, vehicle testing shows that HyFiT fuels substantially reduce combustion-induced particulate matter and nitrogen oxides. Fourth, a well-to-wheel life cycle assessment finds that HyFiT fuels enable the transition to net-zero greenhouse gas emissions, showing simultaneously a favourable profile in other environmental parameters. HyFiT fuels can thus complement electrification for heavy-duty transportation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19073,"journal":{"name":"Nature Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":56.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141557220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-05DOI: 10.1038/s41560-024-01578-8
Rui Wang, Jiaze Ma, Hongyuan Sheng, Victor M. Zavala, Song Jin
Mitigating the inherent spatio-temporal stochasticity and intermittency of renewable power is key for enabling the decarbonization of the power grid and motivates the development of flexible technologies that can shift power demand and supply across space–time and scales. Here we develop an electrochemical synthesis strategy capable of providing demand (load) flexibility at different timescales by participating in multiple electricity markets (day ahead, real time and frequency regulation). Using a fast proton-conducting redox material, copper hexacyanoferrate, highly rate-mismatched modular electrochemical synthesis was achieved by decoupling half reactions with different intrinsic kinetics to produce chemicals under drastically different reaction rates and timescales: the fast hydrogen evolution reaction and slow persulfate production reaction. Such a strategy enables flexible participation in different electricity markets and can reduce electricity cost of chemical production by 30–40%. These results open a conceptual strategy for flexibly integrating modular electrochemical manufacturing processes into the fluctuating power grid to achieve more economical and sustainable operations.
{"title":"Exploiting different electricity markets via highly rate-mismatched modular electrochemical synthesis","authors":"Rui Wang, Jiaze Ma, Hongyuan Sheng, Victor M. Zavala, Song Jin","doi":"10.1038/s41560-024-01578-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-024-01578-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Mitigating the inherent spatio-temporal stochasticity and intermittency of renewable power is key for enabling the decarbonization of the power grid and motivates the development of flexible technologies that can shift power demand and supply across space–time and scales. Here we develop an electrochemical synthesis strategy capable of providing demand (load) flexibility at different timescales by participating in multiple electricity markets (day ahead, real time and frequency regulation). Using a fast proton-conducting redox material, copper hexacyanoferrate, highly rate-mismatched modular electrochemical synthesis was achieved by decoupling half reactions with different intrinsic kinetics to produce chemicals under drastically different reaction rates and timescales: the fast hydrogen evolution reaction and slow persulfate production reaction. Such a strategy enables flexible participation in different electricity markets and can reduce electricity cost of chemical production by 30–40%. These results open a conceptual strategy for flexibly integrating modular electrochemical manufacturing processes into the fluctuating power grid to achieve more economical and sustainable operations.</p>","PeriodicalId":19073,"journal":{"name":"Nature Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":56.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141546278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-04DOI: 10.1038/s41560-024-01529-3
Sam Teale, Matteo Degani, Bin Chen, Edward H. Sargent, Giulia Grancini
The deposition of large ammonium cations onto perovskite surfaces to passivate defects and reduce contact recombination has enabled exceptional efficiency and stability in perovskite solar cells. These ammonium cations can either assemble as a thin molecular layer at the perovskite surface or induce the formation of a low-dimensional (usually two-dimensional) perovskite capping layer on top of the three-dimensional perovskite. The formation of these two different structures is often overlooked by researchers, although they impact differently on device operation. In this Review, we seek to distinguish between these two passivation layers. We consider the conditions needed for the formation of low-dimensional perovskite and the electronic properties of the two structures. We discuss the mechanisms by which each method improves photovoltaic efficiency and stability. Finally, we summarize the knowledge gaps that need to be addressed to better understand and optimize ammonium cation-based passivation strategies. Ammonium salts are used to passivate defects in perovskite solar cells, yet they can either assemble as molecular layers or induce the formation of low-dimensional perovskites. Teale et al. review and discuss the formation and properties of these two different structures and their impact on devices.
{"title":"Molecular cation and low-dimensional perovskite surface passivation in perovskite solar cells","authors":"Sam Teale, Matteo Degani, Bin Chen, Edward H. Sargent, Giulia Grancini","doi":"10.1038/s41560-024-01529-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41560-024-01529-3","url":null,"abstract":"The deposition of large ammonium cations onto perovskite surfaces to passivate defects and reduce contact recombination has enabled exceptional efficiency and stability in perovskite solar cells. These ammonium cations can either assemble as a thin molecular layer at the perovskite surface or induce the formation of a low-dimensional (usually two-dimensional) perovskite capping layer on top of the three-dimensional perovskite. The formation of these two different structures is often overlooked by researchers, although they impact differently on device operation. In this Review, we seek to distinguish between these two passivation layers. We consider the conditions needed for the formation of low-dimensional perovskite and the electronic properties of the two structures. We discuss the mechanisms by which each method improves photovoltaic efficiency and stability. Finally, we summarize the knowledge gaps that need to be addressed to better understand and optimize ammonium cation-based passivation strategies. Ammonium salts are used to passivate defects in perovskite solar cells, yet they can either assemble as molecular layers or induce the formation of low-dimensional perovskites. Teale et al. review and discuss the formation and properties of these two different structures and their impact on devices.","PeriodicalId":19073,"journal":{"name":"Nature Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":49.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141546206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-04DOI: 10.1038/s41560-024-01577-9
Panagiotis Papangelakis, Rui Kai Miao, Ruihu Lu, Hanqi Liu, Xi Wang, Adnan Ozden, Shijie Liu, Ning Sun, Colin P. O’Brien, Yongfeng Hu, Mohsen Shakouri, Qunfeng Xiao, Mengsha Li, Behrooz Khatir, Jianan Erick Huang, Yakun Wang, Yurou Celine Xiao, Feng Li, Ali Shayesteh Zeraati, Qiang Zhang, Pengyu Liu, Kevin Golovin, Jane Y. Howe, Hongyan Liang, Ziyun Wang, Jun Li, Edward H. Sargent, David Sinton
The high concentrations of CO2 in industrial flue gases make these point sources attractive candidates for renewably powered electrocatalytic conversion of CO2 to products. However, trace SO2 in common flue gases rapidly and irreversibly poisons catalysts. Here we report that limiting hydrogen adsorption in the vicinity of electrochemically active sites deactivates SO2 to enable efficient CO2 conversion. We realize this approach via a polymer/catalyst/ionomer heterojunction design with combined hydrophobic and highly charged hydrophilic domains that diminish hydrogen adsorption and promote CO2 over SO2 transport. We develop an SO2-tolerant system that maintains ~50% faradaic efficiency towards multi-carbon products for over 150 h (at 100 mA cm–2). Extending this strategy to a high-surface-area composite catalyst, we achieve faradaic efficiencies of 84%, partial current densities of up to 790 mA cm–2 and energy efficiencies of ~25% towards multi-carbon products with a CO2 stream containing 400 ppm SO2, a performance that is competitive with the best reports using pure CO2. While the high concentration of CO2 in flue gas makes it an attractive feedstock for electrocatalytic production of useful molecules, SO2 contaminants can poison catalysts. Here the authors report a polymer/catalyst/ionomer heterojunction design with hydrophobic and hydrophilic domains that improves the SO2 tolerance of a Cu catalyst.
工业烟气中的高浓度 CO2 使这些点源成为将 CO2 转化为产品的可再生能源电催化的候选对象。然而,普通烟气中的痕量二氧化硫会迅速且不可逆地毒害催化剂。我们在此报告,限制电化学活性位点附近的氢吸附可使二氧化硫失活,从而实现二氧化碳的高效转化。我们通过聚合物/催化剂/离子体异质结设计实现了这一方法,该设计结合了疏水和高电荷亲水结构域,可减少氢气吸附并促进二氧化碳而非二氧化硫的传输。我们开发了一种耐二氧化硫的系统,在 100 mA cm-2 的条件下,该系统能在 150 小时内对多碳产品保持约 50% 的远达效率。将这一策略扩展到高表面积复合催化剂后,在含有 400 ppm SO2 的二氧化碳流中,我们获得了 84% 的法拉第达效率、高达 790 mA cm-2 的部分电流密度和 ~25% 的多碳产品能效,这一性能可与使用纯二氧化碳的最佳报告相媲美。
{"title":"Improving the SO2 tolerance of CO2 reduction electrocatalysts using a polymer/catalyst/ionomer heterojunction design","authors":"Panagiotis Papangelakis, Rui Kai Miao, Ruihu Lu, Hanqi Liu, Xi Wang, Adnan Ozden, Shijie Liu, Ning Sun, Colin P. O’Brien, Yongfeng Hu, Mohsen Shakouri, Qunfeng Xiao, Mengsha Li, Behrooz Khatir, Jianan Erick Huang, Yakun Wang, Yurou Celine Xiao, Feng Li, Ali Shayesteh Zeraati, Qiang Zhang, Pengyu Liu, Kevin Golovin, Jane Y. Howe, Hongyan Liang, Ziyun Wang, Jun Li, Edward H. Sargent, David Sinton","doi":"10.1038/s41560-024-01577-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41560-024-01577-9","url":null,"abstract":"The high concentrations of CO2 in industrial flue gases make these point sources attractive candidates for renewably powered electrocatalytic conversion of CO2 to products. However, trace SO2 in common flue gases rapidly and irreversibly poisons catalysts. Here we report that limiting hydrogen adsorption in the vicinity of electrochemically active sites deactivates SO2 to enable efficient CO2 conversion. We realize this approach via a polymer/catalyst/ionomer heterojunction design with combined hydrophobic and highly charged hydrophilic domains that diminish hydrogen adsorption and promote CO2 over SO2 transport. We develop an SO2-tolerant system that maintains ~50% faradaic efficiency towards multi-carbon products for over 150 h (at 100 mA cm–2). Extending this strategy to a high-surface-area composite catalyst, we achieve faradaic efficiencies of 84%, partial current densities of up to 790 mA cm–2 and energy efficiencies of ~25% towards multi-carbon products with a CO2 stream containing 400 ppm SO2, a performance that is competitive with the best reports using pure CO2. While the high concentration of CO2 in flue gas makes it an attractive feedstock for electrocatalytic production of useful molecules, SO2 contaminants can poison catalysts. Here the authors report a polymer/catalyst/ionomer heterojunction design with hydrophobic and hydrophilic domains that improves the SO2 tolerance of a Cu catalyst.","PeriodicalId":19073,"journal":{"name":"Nature Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":49.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141546207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-03DOI: 10.1038/s41560-024-01569-9
Grayson Deysher, Jin An Sam Oh, Yu-Ting Chen, Baharak Sayahpour, So-Yeon Ham, Diyi Cheng, Phillip Ridley, Ashley Cronk, Sharon Wan-Hsuan Lin, Kun Qian, Long Hoang Bao Nguyen, Jihyun Jang, Ying Shirley Meng
Anode-free batteries possess the optimal cell architecture due to their reduced weight, volume and cost. However, their implementation has been limited by unstable anode morphological changes and anode–liquid electrolyte interface reactions. Here we show that an electrochemically stable solid electrolyte and the application of stack pressure can solve these issues by enabling the deposition of dense sodium metal. Furthermore, an aluminium current collector is found to achieve intimate solid–solid contact with the solid electrolyte, which allows highly reversible sodium plating and stripping at both high areal capacities and current densities, previously unobtainable with conventional aluminium foil. A sodium anode-free all-solid-state battery full cell is demonstrated with stable cycling for several hundred cycles. This cell architecture serves as a future direction for other battery chemistries to enable low-cost, high-energy-density and fast-charging batteries.
{"title":"Design principles for enabling an anode-free sodium all-solid-state battery","authors":"Grayson Deysher, Jin An Sam Oh, Yu-Ting Chen, Baharak Sayahpour, So-Yeon Ham, Diyi Cheng, Phillip Ridley, Ashley Cronk, Sharon Wan-Hsuan Lin, Kun Qian, Long Hoang Bao Nguyen, Jihyun Jang, Ying Shirley Meng","doi":"10.1038/s41560-024-01569-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-024-01569-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Anode-free batteries possess the optimal cell architecture due to their reduced weight, volume and cost. However, their implementation has been limited by unstable anode morphological changes and anode–liquid electrolyte interface reactions. Here we show that an electrochemically stable solid electrolyte and the application of stack pressure can solve these issues by enabling the deposition of dense sodium metal. Furthermore, an aluminium current collector is found to achieve intimate solid–solid contact with the solid electrolyte, which allows highly reversible sodium plating and stripping at both high areal capacities and current densities, previously unobtainable with conventional aluminium foil. A sodium anode-free all-solid-state battery full cell is demonstrated with stable cycling for several hundred cycles. This cell architecture serves as a future direction for other battery chemistries to enable low-cost, high-energy-density and fast-charging batteries.</p>","PeriodicalId":19073,"journal":{"name":"Nature Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":56.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141496034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-02DOI: 10.1038/s41560-024-01561-3
Zia Wadud, Muhammad Adeel, Jillian Anable
Long-distance passenger travel has received rather sparse attention for decarbonization. Here we characterize the long-distance travel pattern in England and explore its importance on carbon emissions from and decarbonization of passenger travel. We find that only 2.7% of a person’s trips are for long distance travel (>50 miles one-way), but they account for 61.3% of the miles and 69.3% of the greenhouse gas (CO2 equivalent) emissions from passenger travel, highlighting its importance for decarbonizing passenger transport. Long-distance travel per person has also been increasing over time, trending in the opposite direction to shorter-distance travel. Flying for leisure and social purposes are the largest contributors to long distance miles and emissions, and these miles are also increasing. Overall, per capita travel emissions have started decreasing slowly from 2007, but are still higher than in 1997. We propose a new metric—emissions reduction sensitivity (% emission reduced/% trips altered)—to understand the efficiency of travel demand related initiatives to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Long-distance travel—especially flying—can offer orders of magnitude larger emissions reduction sensitivity compared with urban travel, which suggests that a proportionate policy approach is necessary.
{"title":"Understanding the large role of long-distance travel in carbon emissions from passenger travel","authors":"Zia Wadud, Muhammad Adeel, Jillian Anable","doi":"10.1038/s41560-024-01561-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-024-01561-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Long-distance passenger travel has received rather sparse attention for decarbonization. Here we characterize the long-distance travel pattern in England and explore its importance on carbon emissions from and decarbonization of passenger travel. We find that only 2.7% of a person’s trips are for long distance travel (>50 miles one-way), but they account for 61.3% of the miles and 69.3% of the greenhouse gas (CO<sub>2</sub> equivalent) emissions from passenger travel, highlighting its importance for decarbonizing passenger transport. Long-distance travel per person has also been increasing over time, trending in the opposite direction to shorter-distance travel. Flying for leisure and social purposes are the largest contributors to long distance miles and emissions, and these miles are also increasing. Overall, per capita travel emissions have started decreasing slowly from 2007, but are still higher than in 1997. We propose a new metric—emissions reduction sensitivity (% emission reduced/% trips altered)—to understand the efficiency of travel demand related initiatives to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Long-distance travel—especially flying—can offer orders of magnitude larger emissions reduction sensitivity compared with urban travel, which suggests that a proportionate policy approach is necessary.</p>","PeriodicalId":19073,"journal":{"name":"Nature Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":56.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141489102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}