{"title":"Author Correction: Global scenarios for significant water use reduction in thermal power plants based on cooling water demand estimation using satellite imagery","authors":"Alena Lohrmann, Javier Farfan, Upeksha Caldera, Christoph Lohrmann, Christian Breyer","doi":"10.1038/s41560-024-01700-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-024-01700-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Correction to: <i>Nature Energy</i> https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-019-0501-4, published online 25 November 2019.</p>","PeriodicalId":19073,"journal":{"name":"Nature Energy","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":56.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142866983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-17DOI: 10.1038/s41560-024-01690-9
Giulia Tregnago
The International Energy Agency (IEA) is an intergovernmental organization that provides analysis, data, and policy recommendations on the energy sector. This year marks the 50th anniversary of its establishment. Laura Cozzi — IEA’s Director of Sustainability, Technology and Outlooks — talks to Nature Energy about progress so far and the challenges ahead.
{"title":"Fifty years of change in the energy sector","authors":"Giulia Tregnago","doi":"10.1038/s41560-024-01690-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41560-024-01690-9","url":null,"abstract":"The International Energy Agency (IEA) is an intergovernmental organization that provides analysis, data, and policy recommendations on the energy sector. This year marks the 50th anniversary of its establishment. Laura Cozzi — IEA’s Director of Sustainability, Technology and Outlooks — talks to Nature Energy about progress so far and the challenges ahead.","PeriodicalId":19073,"journal":{"name":"Nature Energy","volume":"10 1","pages":"3-5"},"PeriodicalIF":49.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142832535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-16DOI: 10.1038/s41560-024-01687-4
Maritime transportation is often considered a ‘hard to abate’ sector, meaning it is difficult to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions. Using high-resolution data on ship activity, a techno-economic analysis indicates that electrifying US domestic ships of lower than 1,000 gross tonnage to reduce emissions could become cost effective, if a small percentage of long trips are excluded.
{"title":"Large-scale estimation of the potential of battery power for maritime transport in the USA","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s41560-024-01687-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41560-024-01687-4","url":null,"abstract":"Maritime transportation is often considered a ‘hard to abate’ sector, meaning it is difficult to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions. Using high-resolution data on ship activity, a techno-economic analysis indicates that electrifying US domestic ships of lower than 1,000 gross tonnage to reduce emissions could become cost effective, if a small percentage of long trips are excluded.","PeriodicalId":19073,"journal":{"name":"Nature Energy","volume":"10 1","pages":"21-22"},"PeriodicalIF":49.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142825202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-12DOI: 10.1038/s41560-024-01686-5
Giulia Tregnago
Academic and industrial researchers have gathered in Nanjing to discuss recent progress in perovskite and organic solar cells and to identify research gaps that need to be addressed to advance the maturity of these technologies.
{"title":"Advancing perovskite and organic photovoltaics","authors":"Giulia Tregnago","doi":"10.1038/s41560-024-01686-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41560-024-01686-5","url":null,"abstract":"Academic and industrial researchers have gathered in Nanjing to discuss recent progress in perovskite and organic solar cells and to identify research gaps that need to be addressed to advance the maturity of these technologies.","PeriodicalId":19073,"journal":{"name":"Nature Energy","volume":"10 1","pages":"17-18"},"PeriodicalIF":49.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142809617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-12DOI: 10.1038/s41560-024-01683-8
Ben Liu, Peng Wang, Jin Zhou, Yang Guo, Shijun Ma, Wei-Qiang Chen, Jiashuo Li, Victor W.-C. Chang
Recognizing the advantages of waste-to-energy (WtE) combustion over landfills, China is rapidly expanding WtE capacity nationwide to address the escalating urban waste crisis. This study compiles a comprehensive WtE facility-level database between 2000 and 2020 to examine waste–energy–carbon dynamics and improvement potential. Whereas WtE expansion has notably reduced greenhouse gas emissions and recovered energy compared with landfills, these facilities remain carbon intensive and are increasingly outperformed by coal-fired power plants within China’s electricity grid. The main challenges facing WtE are the growing plastic content in waste streams and limited advancements in energy efficiency. Given WtE’s dual role in waste management and the national grid mix, it is crucial to balance capacity expansion with carbon intensity reduction. The high-resolution database provides geographically tailored strategies based on local waste characteristics and facility performance, indicating that effective waste classification and equipment upgrades could decarbonize WtE power generation by half to natural gas levels by 2060. The expansion of China’s waste-to-energy combustion capacity offers great carbon and energy benefits over landfills but remains a carbon-intensive process due to plastic waste and low efficiency. Enhanced waste sorting and the adoption of high-efficiency devices could decarbonize the power generated by these facilities to match that generated by natural gas by 2060.
{"title":"Refocusing on effectiveness over expansion in urban waste–energy–carbon development in China","authors":"Ben Liu, Peng Wang, Jin Zhou, Yang Guo, Shijun Ma, Wei-Qiang Chen, Jiashuo Li, Victor W.-C. Chang","doi":"10.1038/s41560-024-01683-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41560-024-01683-8","url":null,"abstract":"Recognizing the advantages of waste-to-energy (WtE) combustion over landfills, China is rapidly expanding WtE capacity nationwide to address the escalating urban waste crisis. This study compiles a comprehensive WtE facility-level database between 2000 and 2020 to examine waste–energy–carbon dynamics and improvement potential. Whereas WtE expansion has notably reduced greenhouse gas emissions and recovered energy compared with landfills, these facilities remain carbon intensive and are increasingly outperformed by coal-fired power plants within China’s electricity grid. The main challenges facing WtE are the growing plastic content in waste streams and limited advancements in energy efficiency. Given WtE’s dual role in waste management and the national grid mix, it is crucial to balance capacity expansion with carbon intensity reduction. The high-resolution database provides geographically tailored strategies based on local waste characteristics and facility performance, indicating that effective waste classification and equipment upgrades could decarbonize WtE power generation by half to natural gas levels by 2060. The expansion of China’s waste-to-energy combustion capacity offers great carbon and energy benefits over landfills but remains a carbon-intensive process due to plastic waste and low efficiency. Enhanced waste sorting and the adoption of high-efficiency devices could decarbonize the power generated by these facilities to match that generated by natural gas by 2060.","PeriodicalId":19073,"journal":{"name":"Nature Energy","volume":"10 2","pages":"215-225"},"PeriodicalIF":49.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142809298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-11DOI: 10.1038/s41560-024-01676-7
Matthew Burton, Sudarshan Narayanan, Ben Jagger, Lorenz F. Olbrich, Shobhan Dhir, Masafumi Shibata, Michael J. Lain, Robert Astbury, Nicholas Butcher, Mark Copley, Toshikazu Kotaka, Yuichi Aihara, Mauro Pasta
Solid-state lithium metal batteries show substantial promise for overcoming theoretical limitations of Li-ion batteries to enable gravimetric and volumetric energy densities upwards of 500 Wh kg−1 and 1,000 Wh l−1, respectively. While zero-lithium-excess configurations are particularly attractive, inhomogeneous lithium plating on charge results in active lithium loss and a subsequent coulombic efficiency penalty. Excess lithium is therefore currently needed; however, this negatively impacts energy density and thus limiting its thickness is essential. Here we discuss the viability of various technologies for realizing thin lithium films that can be scaled up to the volumes required for gigafactory production. We identify thermal evaporation as a potentially cost-effective route to address these challenges and provide a techno-economic assessment of the projected costs associated with the fabrication of thin, dense lithium metal foils using this process. Finally, we estimate solid-state pack costs made using thermally evaporated lithium foils. Preparing suitable lithium anodes is crucial for high-performance solid-state batteries. This study evaluates methods for producing thin lithium films, emphasizing thermal evaporation as a cost-effective approach while estimating associated pack costs.
固态锂金属电池有望克服锂离子电池的理论限制，使重量和体积能量密度分别达到500 Wh kg - 1和1000 Wh l - 1。虽然零锂过剩结构特别有吸引力，但充电时不均匀的锂电镀会导致活性锂损失和随后的库仑效率损失。因此，目前需要过量的锂；然而，这对能量密度有负面影响，因此限制其厚度是必不可少的。在这里，我们讨论了实现锂薄膜的各种技术的可行性，这些技术可以扩大到超级工厂生产所需的体积。我们认为热蒸发是解决这些挑战的一种具有潜在成本效益的途径，并对使用该工艺制造薄而致密的锂金属箔的预计成本进行了技术经济评估。最后，我们估计固态包装成本使用热蒸发锂箔。
{"title":"Techno-economic assessment of thin lithium metal anodes for solid-state batteries","authors":"Matthew Burton, Sudarshan Narayanan, Ben Jagger, Lorenz F. Olbrich, Shobhan Dhir, Masafumi Shibata, Michael J. Lain, Robert Astbury, Nicholas Butcher, Mark Copley, Toshikazu Kotaka, Yuichi Aihara, Mauro Pasta","doi":"10.1038/s41560-024-01676-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41560-024-01676-7","url":null,"abstract":"Solid-state lithium metal batteries show substantial promise for overcoming theoretical limitations of Li-ion batteries to enable gravimetric and volumetric energy densities upwards of 500 Wh kg−1 and 1,000 Wh l−1, respectively. While zero-lithium-excess configurations are particularly attractive, inhomogeneous lithium plating on charge results in active lithium loss and a subsequent coulombic efficiency penalty. Excess lithium is therefore currently needed; however, this negatively impacts energy density and thus limiting its thickness is essential. Here we discuss the viability of various technologies for realizing thin lithium films that can be scaled up to the volumes required for gigafactory production. We identify thermal evaporation as a potentially cost-effective route to address these challenges and provide a techno-economic assessment of the projected costs associated with the fabrication of thin, dense lithium metal foils using this process. Finally, we estimate solid-state pack costs made using thermally evaporated lithium foils. Preparing suitable lithium anodes is crucial for high-performance solid-state batteries. This study evaluates methods for producing thin lithium films, emphasizing thermal evaporation as a cost-effective approach while estimating associated pack costs.","PeriodicalId":19073,"journal":{"name":"Nature Energy","volume":"10 1","pages":"135-147"},"PeriodicalIF":49.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41560-024-01676-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142804724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-09DOI: 10.1038/s41560-024-01675-8
Alexis Geslin, Le Xu, Devi Ganapathi, Kevin Moy, William C. Chueh, Simona Onori
Laboratory ageing campaigns elucidate the complex degradation behaviour of most technologies. In lithium-ion batteries, such studies aim to capture realistic ageing mechanisms to optimize cell chemistries and designs as well as to engineer reliable battery management systems. In this study, we systematically compared dynamic discharge profiles representative of electric vehicle driving to the well-accepted constant current profiles. Surprisingly, we found that dynamic discharge enhances lifetime substantially compared with constant current discharge. Specifically, for the same average current and voltage window, varying the dynamic discharge profile led to an increase of up to 38% in equivalent full cycles at end of life. Explainable machine learning revealed the importance of both low-frequency current pulses and time-induced ageing under these realistic discharge conditions. This work quantifies the importance of evaluating new battery chemistries and designs with realistic load profiles, highlighting the opportunities to revisit our understanding of ageing mechanisms at the chemistry, material and cell levels. Lithium-ion batteries degrade in complex ways. This study shows that cycling under realistic electric vehicle driving profiles enhances battery lifetime by up to 38% compared with constant current cycling, underscoring the need for realistic loads to capture ageing mechanisms.
{"title":"Dynamic cycling enhances battery lifetime","authors":"Alexis Geslin, Le Xu, Devi Ganapathi, Kevin Moy, William C. Chueh, Simona Onori","doi":"10.1038/s41560-024-01675-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41560-024-01675-8","url":null,"abstract":"Laboratory ageing campaigns elucidate the complex degradation behaviour of most technologies. In lithium-ion batteries, such studies aim to capture realistic ageing mechanisms to optimize cell chemistries and designs as well as to engineer reliable battery management systems. In this study, we systematically compared dynamic discharge profiles representative of electric vehicle driving to the well-accepted constant current profiles. Surprisingly, we found that dynamic discharge enhances lifetime substantially compared with constant current discharge. Specifically, for the same average current and voltage window, varying the dynamic discharge profile led to an increase of up to 38% in equivalent full cycles at end of life. Explainable machine learning revealed the importance of both low-frequency current pulses and time-induced ageing under these realistic discharge conditions. This work quantifies the importance of evaluating new battery chemistries and designs with realistic load profiles, highlighting the opportunities to revisit our understanding of ageing mechanisms at the chemistry, material and cell levels. Lithium-ion batteries degrade in complex ways. This study shows that cycling under realistic electric vehicle driving profiles enhances battery lifetime by up to 38% compared with constant current cycling, underscoring the need for realistic loads to capture ageing mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":19073,"journal":{"name":"Nature Energy","volume":"10 2","pages":"172-180"},"PeriodicalIF":49.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41560-024-01675-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142793268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-06DOI: 10.1038/s41560-024-01680-x
Jinxi Chen, Xi Wang, Tao Wang, Jia Li, Hou Yi Chia, Haoming Liang, Shibo Xi, Shunchang Liu, Xiao Guo, Renjun Guo, Zhenrong Jia, Xinxing Yin, Qilin Zhou, Yuduan Wang, Zhuojie Shi, Haoyu Zhou, Donny Lai, Mingsheng Zhang, Zhenxiang Xing, Wan Ru Leow, Wentao Yan, Yi Hou
The heterointerfaces between perovskite and charge-transporting layers pose a major limitation to the durability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), largely due to complex and conflicting chemical and mechanical interactions. Here we introduce an effective debonding technique to thoroughly analyse heterointerface behaviour during both crystal growth and ageing phases of PSCs. Our analysis reveals a strong correlation between interface bonding (fracture energy ranging from ~2.49 J m−2 to ~0.38 J m−2), proton transfer interactions and degradation, highlighting a critical trade-off between mechanical and chemical stability in PSCs. To address these stability challenges, we mixed Me-4PACz and DCZ-4P molecules, which introduced additional phosphonic acid anchoring groups to enhance bonding at both the metal oxide and the perovskite interfaces. With a high efficiency of 25.6%, the devices retained 90% of their initial performance after 1,000 h of testing under ISOS-L-1I and ISOS-D-2I standard protocols. Under thermal cycling conditions, our PSCs sustained 95% of their efficiency over 500 cycles, exceeding the IEC 61215 and ISOS-T-3I standards. The mechanical stability of interfaces in perovskite solar cells is not well understood. Chen, Wang, Wang et al. investigate the strength of the bonds between layers and the corresponding effects on the chemical and mechanical stability of perovskite solar cells.
钙钛矿和电荷传输层之间的异质界面是限制钙钛矿太阳能电池（PSCs）耐久性的主要原因，主要是由于复杂和冲突的化学和机械相互作用。在这里，我们介绍了一种有效的脱键技术来彻底分析psc晶体生长和老化阶段的异质界面行为。我们的分析揭示了界面键合（断裂能范围从~2.49 J m−2到~0.38 J m−2）、质子转移相互作用和降解之间的强相关性，突出了psc的机械稳定性和化学稳定性之间的关键权衡。为了解决这些稳定性问题，我们混合了Me-4PACz和DCZ-4P分子，引入了额外的膦酸锚定基团，以增强金属氧化物和钙钛矿界面的键合。在iso - l - 1i和iso - d - 2i标准协议下，经过1,000小时的测试，器件的效率高达25.6%，保持了初始性能的90%。在热循环条件下，我们的psc在500次循环中保持95%的效率，超过IEC 61215和iso - t - 3i标准。
{"title":"Determining the bonding–degradation trade-off at heterointerfaces for increased efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells","authors":"Jinxi Chen, Xi Wang, Tao Wang, Jia Li, Hou Yi Chia, Haoming Liang, Shibo Xi, Shunchang Liu, Xiao Guo, Renjun Guo, Zhenrong Jia, Xinxing Yin, Qilin Zhou, Yuduan Wang, Zhuojie Shi, Haoyu Zhou, Donny Lai, Mingsheng Zhang, Zhenxiang Xing, Wan Ru Leow, Wentao Yan, Yi Hou","doi":"10.1038/s41560-024-01680-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41560-024-01680-x","url":null,"abstract":"The heterointerfaces between perovskite and charge-transporting layers pose a major limitation to the durability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), largely due to complex and conflicting chemical and mechanical interactions. Here we introduce an effective debonding technique to thoroughly analyse heterointerface behaviour during both crystal growth and ageing phases of PSCs. Our analysis reveals a strong correlation between interface bonding (fracture energy ranging from ~2.49 J m−2 to ~0.38 J m−2), proton transfer interactions and degradation, highlighting a critical trade-off between mechanical and chemical stability in PSCs. To address these stability challenges, we mixed Me-4PACz and DCZ-4P molecules, which introduced additional phosphonic acid anchoring groups to enhance bonding at both the metal oxide and the perovskite interfaces. With a high efficiency of 25.6%, the devices retained 90% of their initial performance after 1,000 h of testing under ISOS-L-1I and ISOS-D-2I standard protocols. Under thermal cycling conditions, our PSCs sustained 95% of their efficiency over 500 cycles, exceeding the IEC 61215 and ISOS-T-3I standards. The mechanical stability of interfaces in perovskite solar cells is not well understood. Chen, Wang, Wang et al. investigate the strength of the bonds between layers and the corresponding effects on the chemical and mechanical stability of perovskite solar cells.","PeriodicalId":19073,"journal":{"name":"Nature Energy","volume":"10 2","pages":"181-190"},"PeriodicalIF":49.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142783020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-05DOI: 10.1038/s41560-024-01670-z
He Li, Hongbo Zheng, Tianle Yue, Zongliang Xie, ShaoPeng Yu, Ji Zhou, Topprasad Kapri, Yunfei Wang, Zhiqiang Cao, Haoyu Zhao, Aidar Kemelbay, Jinlong He, Ge Zhang, Priscilla F. Pieters, Eric A. Dailing, John R. Cappiello, Miquel Salmeron, Xiaodan Gu, Ting Xu, Peng Wu, Ying Li, K. Barry Sharpless, Yi Liu
The development of heat-resistant dielectric polymers that withstand intense electric fields at high temperatures is critical for electrification. Balancing thermal stability and electrical insulation, however, is exceptionally challenging as these properties are often inversely correlated. A traditional intuition-driven polymer design approach results in a slow discovery loop that limits breakthroughs. Here we present a machine learning-driven strategy to rapidly identify high-performance, heat-resistant polymers. A trustworthy feed-forward neural network is trained to predict key proxy parameters and down select polymer candidates from a library of nearly 50,000 polysulfates. The highly efficient and modular sulfur fluoride exchange click chemistry enables successful synthesis and validation of selected candidates. A polysulfate featuring a 9,9-di(naphthalene)-fluorene repeat unit exhibits excellent thermal resilience and achieves ultrahigh discharged energy density with over 90% efficiency at 200 °C. Its exceptional cycling stability underscores its promise for applications in demanding electrified environments. Developing heat-resistant dielectric polymers for electrification is challenging due to the inverse relationship between thermal stability and electrical insulation. Using a machine learning-driven approach, the researchers identify and validate high-performance polymers that demonstrate promising thermal resilience and energy density for high-temperature applications.
{"title":"Machine learning-accelerated discovery of heat-resistant polysulfates for electrostatic energy storage","authors":"He Li, Hongbo Zheng, Tianle Yue, Zongliang Xie, ShaoPeng Yu, Ji Zhou, Topprasad Kapri, Yunfei Wang, Zhiqiang Cao, Haoyu Zhao, Aidar Kemelbay, Jinlong He, Ge Zhang, Priscilla F. Pieters, Eric A. Dailing, John R. Cappiello, Miquel Salmeron, Xiaodan Gu, Ting Xu, Peng Wu, Ying Li, K. Barry Sharpless, Yi Liu","doi":"10.1038/s41560-024-01670-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41560-024-01670-z","url":null,"abstract":"The development of heat-resistant dielectric polymers that withstand intense electric fields at high temperatures is critical for electrification. Balancing thermal stability and electrical insulation, however, is exceptionally challenging as these properties are often inversely correlated. A traditional intuition-driven polymer design approach results in a slow discovery loop that limits breakthroughs. Here we present a machine learning-driven strategy to rapidly identify high-performance, heat-resistant polymers. A trustworthy feed-forward neural network is trained to predict key proxy parameters and down select polymer candidates from a library of nearly 50,000 polysulfates. The highly efficient and modular sulfur fluoride exchange click chemistry enables successful synthesis and validation of selected candidates. A polysulfate featuring a 9,9-di(naphthalene)-fluorene repeat unit exhibits excellent thermal resilience and achieves ultrahigh discharged energy density with over 90% efficiency at 200 °C. Its exceptional cycling stability underscores its promise for applications in demanding electrified environments. Developing heat-resistant dielectric polymers for electrification is challenging due to the inverse relationship between thermal stability and electrical insulation. Using a machine learning-driven approach, the researchers identify and validate high-performance polymers that demonstrate promising thermal resilience and energy density for high-temperature applications.","PeriodicalId":19073,"journal":{"name":"Nature Energy","volume":"10 1","pages":"90-100"},"PeriodicalIF":49.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142777207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-04DOI: 10.1038/s41560-024-01671-y
A tandem electrochemical hydrogen pump system achieves high efficiency in purifying hydrogen from dilute sources. With nearly 100% Faradaic efficiency at high current densities, this technology can produce ultrapure hydrogen (>99.999%) from a 10% feed, potentially reducing capital costs by 95% and energy consumption by 65% compared with conventional methods.
{"title":"Extraction of ultrapure hydrogen from low-concentration sources","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s41560-024-01671-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41560-024-01671-y","url":null,"abstract":"A tandem electrochemical hydrogen pump system achieves high efficiency in purifying hydrogen from dilute sources. With nearly 100% Faradaic efficiency at high current densities, this technology can produce ultrapure hydrogen (>99.999%) from a 10% feed, potentially reducing capital costs by 95% and energy consumption by 65% compared with conventional methods.","PeriodicalId":19073,"journal":{"name":"Nature Energy","volume":"9 12","pages":"1461-1462"},"PeriodicalIF":49.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142763680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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