Pub Date : 2024-10-21DOI: 10.1038/s41560-024-01656-x
Fei Li, Mei Wang
Electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide to fuels and chemicals is usually mediated by metal-based catalysts. Now, a carbon electrode modified with an organic molecular catalyst demonstrates promising activity and selectivity for carbon dioxide electroreduction to methane via an unusual pathway.
{"title":"Producing methane through organocatalysis","authors":"Fei Li, Mei Wang","doi":"10.1038/s41560-024-01656-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41560-024-01656-x","url":null,"abstract":"Electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide to fuels and chemicals is usually mediated by metal-based catalysts. Now, a carbon electrode modified with an organic molecular catalyst demonstrates promising activity and selectivity for carbon dioxide electroreduction to methane via an unusual pathway.","PeriodicalId":19073,"journal":{"name":"Nature Energy","volume":"9 11","pages":"1329-1330"},"PeriodicalIF":49.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142451850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-21DOI: 10.1038/s41560-024-01652-1
Jin Zhao, Fangxing Li, Qiwei Zhang
The high penetration of weather-dependent renewable energy sources (WD-RESs) such as wind and solar has raised concerns about the security of electric power systems during abnormal weather conditions. The role of RESs has been discussed in worldwide blackout events, yet remains controversial. In this study, we find that although WD-RESs are non-dispatchable and weather sensitive, blackout intensities and extreme weather vulnerability are mitigated in high-penetration WD-RES grids. The causal effects of WD-RESs on blackouts generally decrease in high-penetration WD-RES power systems, and WD-RESs are not mainly responsible for the occurrence of blackouts in extreme weather conditions. The results of our research contribute to the debate on RES integration and power system security, offer a guide for the study of power system resilience and provide a reference for the ambitious high-penetration RES goals of the future. Renewable energy sources (RESs) are weather sensitive, raising questions about the vulnerability of high-penetration weather-dependent RES grids during extreme weather events. Here the authors find that blackout intensities and extreme weather vulnerability are mitigated in high-penetration weather-dependent RES grids.
{"title":"Impacts of renewable energy resources on the weather vulnerability of power systems","authors":"Jin Zhao, Fangxing Li, Qiwei Zhang","doi":"10.1038/s41560-024-01652-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41560-024-01652-1","url":null,"abstract":"The high penetration of weather-dependent renewable energy sources (WD-RESs) such as wind and solar has raised concerns about the security of electric power systems during abnormal weather conditions. The role of RESs has been discussed in worldwide blackout events, yet remains controversial. In this study, we find that although WD-RESs are non-dispatchable and weather sensitive, blackout intensities and extreme weather vulnerability are mitigated in high-penetration WD-RES grids. The causal effects of WD-RESs on blackouts generally decrease in high-penetration WD-RES power systems, and WD-RESs are not mainly responsible for the occurrence of blackouts in extreme weather conditions. The results of our research contribute to the debate on RES integration and power system security, offer a guide for the study of power system resilience and provide a reference for the ambitious high-penetration RES goals of the future. Renewable energy sources (RESs) are weather sensitive, raising questions about the vulnerability of high-penetration weather-dependent RES grids during extreme weather events. Here the authors find that blackout intensities and extreme weather vulnerability are mitigated in high-penetration weather-dependent RES grids.","PeriodicalId":19073,"journal":{"name":"Nature Energy","volume":"9 11","pages":"1407-1414"},"PeriodicalIF":49.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142451849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-18DOI: 10.1038/s41560-024-01651-2
Kenjiro Fukuda, Lulu Sun, Baocai Du, Masahito Takakuwa, Jiachen Wang, Takao Someya, Lluis F. Marsal, Yinhua Zhou, Yiwang Chen, Hongzheng Chen, S. Ravi P. Silva, Derya Baran, Luigi A. Castriotta, Thomas M. Brown, Changduk Yang, Weiwei Li, Anita W. Y. Ho-Baillie, Thomas Österberg, Nitin P. Padture, Karen Forberich, Christoph J. Brabec, Osbel Almora
Flexible photovoltaic (PV) devices are a promising research field with potential for wearable, portable, indoor and internet-of-things applications. Substantial progress has been made in recent years, with flexible emerging PVs reporting power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of over 24%. Yet, there is a need for a unifying protocol to assess PV performance, compare research results, and evaluate state-of-the-art achievements in flexible PVs. Here we present a protocol for measuring PCE over 1,000 bending cycles under 1% strain. Moreover, several good practice guidelines are proposed, including those related to bending procedures, flexibility testing with and without encapsulation, and ambient conditions during testing (for example, temperature, humidity and illumination). Notably, the importance of the uniform application of the bending radius and the testing of parallel and perpendicular orientations of the bending axis with respect to the direction of the electric current are emphasized. These recommendations aim to promote consistency in device comparison and allow for better reproducibility. The assessment of the mechanical properties of flexible solar cells lacks consistency. In this Perspective, Fukuda et al. outline standards and best practices for measuring and reporting photovoltaic performance under bending stresses, strain and load orientation.
{"title":"A bending test protocol for characterizing the mechanical performance of flexible photovoltaics","authors":"Kenjiro Fukuda, Lulu Sun, Baocai Du, Masahito Takakuwa, Jiachen Wang, Takao Someya, Lluis F. Marsal, Yinhua Zhou, Yiwang Chen, Hongzheng Chen, S. Ravi P. Silva, Derya Baran, Luigi A. Castriotta, Thomas M. Brown, Changduk Yang, Weiwei Li, Anita W. Y. Ho-Baillie, Thomas Österberg, Nitin P. Padture, Karen Forberich, Christoph J. Brabec, Osbel Almora","doi":"10.1038/s41560-024-01651-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41560-024-01651-2","url":null,"abstract":"Flexible photovoltaic (PV) devices are a promising research field with potential for wearable, portable, indoor and internet-of-things applications. Substantial progress has been made in recent years, with flexible emerging PVs reporting power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of over 24%. Yet, there is a need for a unifying protocol to assess PV performance, compare research results, and evaluate state-of-the-art achievements in flexible PVs. Here we present a protocol for measuring PCE over 1,000 bending cycles under 1% strain. Moreover, several good practice guidelines are proposed, including those related to bending procedures, flexibility testing with and without encapsulation, and ambient conditions during testing (for example, temperature, humidity and illumination). Notably, the importance of the uniform application of the bending radius and the testing of parallel and perpendicular orientations of the bending axis with respect to the direction of the electric current are emphasized. These recommendations aim to promote consistency in device comparison and allow for better reproducibility. The assessment of the mechanical properties of flexible solar cells lacks consistency. In this Perspective, Fukuda et al. outline standards and best practices for measuring and reporting photovoltaic performance under bending stresses, strain and load orientation.","PeriodicalId":19073,"journal":{"name":"Nature Energy","volume":"9 11","pages":"1335-1343"},"PeriodicalIF":49.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142448134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-14DOI: 10.1038/s41560-024-01655-y
Hee Seung Moon, Won Young Park, Thomas Hendrickson, Amol Phadke, Natalie Popovich
The United States’ greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction goals, along with targets set by the International Maritime Organization, create an opportunity for battery electric shipping. In this study, we model life-cycle costs and GHG emissions from shipping electrification, leveraging ship activity datasets from across the United States in 2021. We estimate that retrofitting 6,323 domestic ships under 1,000 gross tonnage to battery electric vessels would reduce US domestic shipping GHG emissions by up to 73% by 2035 from 2022 levels. By 2035, electrifying up to 85% of these ships could become cost effective versus internal combustion engine ships if they cover 99% of annual trips and charge from a deeply decarbonized grid. We find that charging demands from electrifying these ships could be concentrated at just 20 of 150 major ports nationwide. This study demonstrates that retrofitting to battery electric vessels has economic potential and could significantly accelerate GHG emission reductions.
{"title":"Exploring the cost and emissions impacts, feasibility and scalability of battery electric ships","authors":"Hee Seung Moon, Won Young Park, Thomas Hendrickson, Amol Phadke, Natalie Popovich","doi":"10.1038/s41560-024-01655-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-024-01655-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The United States’ greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction goals, along with targets set by the International Maritime Organization, create an opportunity for battery electric shipping. In this study, we model life-cycle costs and GHG emissions from shipping electrification, leveraging ship activity datasets from across the United States in 2021. We estimate that retrofitting 6,323 domestic ships under 1,000 gross tonnage to battery electric vessels would reduce US domestic shipping GHG emissions by up to 73% by 2035 from 2022 levels. By 2035, electrifying up to 85% of these ships could become cost effective versus internal combustion engine ships if they cover 99% of annual trips and charge from a deeply decarbonized grid. We find that charging demands from electrifying these ships could be concentrated at just 20 of 150 major ports nationwide. This study demonstrates that retrofitting to battery electric vessels has economic potential and could significantly accelerate GHG emission reductions.</p>","PeriodicalId":19073,"journal":{"name":"Nature Energy","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":56.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142430556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-14DOI: 10.1038/s41560-024-01650-3
Erkan Aydin
Perovskite solar cells can be damaged when partially shaded, owing to currents flowing in reverse. Two research groups have now increased the breakdown voltage of the perovskite devices (the tolerance against this reverse bias degradation), one by using multilayer charge-selective contact stacks on the cathode side, and the other by using relatively thick, dense electrodes on the anode side.
{"title":"Raising the bar for breakdown","authors":"Erkan Aydin","doi":"10.1038/s41560-024-01650-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41560-024-01650-3","url":null,"abstract":"Perovskite solar cells can be damaged when partially shaded, owing to currents flowing in reverse. Two research groups have now increased the breakdown voltage of the perovskite devices (the tolerance against this reverse bias degradation), one by using multilayer charge-selective contact stacks on the cathode side, and the other by using relatively thick, dense electrodes on the anode side.","PeriodicalId":19073,"journal":{"name":"Nature Energy","volume":"9 10","pages":"1183-1184"},"PeriodicalIF":49.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142430555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-14DOI: 10.1038/s41560-024-01653-0
Valeria Vallejo, Quoc Nguyen, Arvind P. Ravikumar
Low-carbon hydrogen is considered a key component of global energy system decarbonization strategy. The US Inflation Reduction Act incentivizes low-carbon hydrogen production through tax credits that vary based on life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions intensity of hydrogen. Blue hydrogen or hydrogen produced from natural gas coupled with carbon capture and sequestration is one such pathway. Here we develop a geospatial, measurement-informed model to estimate supply-chain specific life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions intensity of blue hydrogen produced with natural gas sourced from the Marcellus and Permian shale basins. We find that blue hydrogen production using Permian gas has a life-cycle emissions intensity of 7.4 kg carbon dioxide equivalent per kg hydrogen (kgCO2e kg−1 H2), more than twice that of hydrogen produced using Marcellus gas of 3.3 kgCO2e kg−1 H2. Eligibility for tax credits should therefore be based on life-cycle assessments that are supply-chain specific and measurement informed to ensure blue hydrogen projects are truly low carbon. New work highlights the importance of basing US Inflation Reduction Act tax credits for low-carbon hydrogen production on life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions intensity assessments that are project- and supply-chain specific and informed by direct measurements of methane emissions.
{"title":"Geospatial variation in carbon accounting of hydrogen production and implications for the US Inflation Reduction Act","authors":"Valeria Vallejo, Quoc Nguyen, Arvind P. Ravikumar","doi":"10.1038/s41560-024-01653-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41560-024-01653-0","url":null,"abstract":"Low-carbon hydrogen is considered a key component of global energy system decarbonization strategy. The US Inflation Reduction Act incentivizes low-carbon hydrogen production through tax credits that vary based on life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions intensity of hydrogen. Blue hydrogen or hydrogen produced from natural gas coupled with carbon capture and sequestration is one such pathway. Here we develop a geospatial, measurement-informed model to estimate supply-chain specific life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions intensity of blue hydrogen produced with natural gas sourced from the Marcellus and Permian shale basins. We find that blue hydrogen production using Permian gas has a life-cycle emissions intensity of 7.4 kg carbon dioxide equivalent per kg hydrogen (kgCO2e kg−1 H2), more than twice that of hydrogen produced using Marcellus gas of 3.3 kgCO2e kg−1 H2. Eligibility for tax credits should therefore be based on life-cycle assessments that are supply-chain specific and measurement informed to ensure blue hydrogen projects are truly low carbon. New work highlights the importance of basing US Inflation Reduction Act tax credits for low-carbon hydrogen production on life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions intensity assessments that are project- and supply-chain specific and informed by direct measurements of methane emissions.","PeriodicalId":19073,"journal":{"name":"Nature Energy","volume":"9 12","pages":"1571-1582"},"PeriodicalIF":49.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41560-024-01653-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142430557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-11DOI: 10.1038/s41560-024-01654-z
Xiao Zhang, Zhiwei Fang, Peng Zhu, Yang Xia, Haotian Wang
Carbon dioxide (CO2) and absorbent regeneration are the most energy-intensive processes in carbon capture loops. Conventional carbon capture technologies typically consume substantial amounts of heat and involve multiple steps for regeneration. Here we demonstrated one-step electrochemical regeneration of CO2 and alkaline absorbent from carbon-containing solutions in a modular porous solid electrolyte (PSE) reactor. By performing hydrogen evolution and oxidation redox reactions, our PSE reactor selectively split NaHCO3/Na2CO3 solutions, which typically come from air contactors after CO2 absorption, into NaOH absorbent in the catholyte and high-purity CO2 gas in the PSE layer. No chemicals were consumed and no by-products were generated. High Na+-ion transport number (~90%), high capture capacity retention (~90%), low energy consumptions (50 kJ molCO2−1 and 118 kJ molCO2−1 at 1 mA cm−2 and 100 mA cm−2 for bicarbonate, respectively) and long-term stability (>100 hours) were demonstrated. We achieved industrially relevant carbon regeneration rates of up to 1 A cm−2 (~18 mmol cm−2 h−1), highlighting the promising application potential.
二氧化碳（CO2）和吸收剂再生是碳捕集循环中最耗能的过程。传统的碳捕集技术通常需要消耗大量热量，并涉及多个再生步骤。在这里，我们在模块化多孔固体电解质（PSE）反应器中演示了一步式电化学再生含碳溶液中的二氧化碳和碱性吸收剂。通过氢进化和氧化还原反应，我们的 PSE 反应器可选择性地将 NaHCO3/Na2CO3 溶液（通常来自吸收二氧化碳后的空气接触器）分离成阴溶液中的 NaOH 吸收剂和 PSE 层中的高纯度二氧化碳气体。既不消耗化学品，也不产生副产品。结果表明，该方法具有高 Na+ 离子传输数（约 90%）、高捕集能力保持率（约 90%）、低能耗（在 1 mA cm-2 和 100 mA cm-2 条件下，碳酸氢盐的能耗分别为 50 kJ molCO2-1 和 118 kJ molCO2-1）和长期稳定性（100 小时）。我们实现了高达 1 A cm-2 （约 18 mmol cm-2 h-1）的工业相关碳再生率，凸显了其巨大的应用潜力。
{"title":"Electrochemical regeneration of high-purity CO2 from (bi)carbonates in a porous solid electrolyte reactor for efficient carbon capture","authors":"Xiao Zhang, Zhiwei Fang, Peng Zhu, Yang Xia, Haotian Wang","doi":"10.1038/s41560-024-01654-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-024-01654-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) and absorbent regeneration are the most energy-intensive processes in carbon capture loops. Conventional carbon capture technologies typically consume substantial amounts of heat and involve multiple steps for regeneration. Here we demonstrated one-step electrochemical regeneration of CO<sub>2</sub> and alkaline absorbent from carbon-containing solutions in a modular porous solid electrolyte (PSE) reactor. By performing hydrogen evolution and oxidation redox reactions, our PSE reactor selectively split NaHCO<sub>3</sub>/Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> solutions, which typically come from air contactors after CO<sub>2</sub> absorption, into NaOH absorbent in the catholyte and high-purity CO<sub>2</sub> gas in the PSE layer. No chemicals were consumed and no by-products were generated. High Na<sup>+</sup>-ion transport number (~90%), high capture capacity retention (~90%), low energy consumptions (50 kJ mol<sub>CO2</sub><sup>−1</sup> and 118 kJ mol<sub>CO2</sub><sup>−1</sup> at 1 mA cm<sup>−2</sup> and 100 mA cm<sup>−2</sup> for bicarbonate, respectively) and long-term stability (>100 hours) were demonstrated. We achieved industrially relevant carbon regeneration rates of up to 1 A cm<sup>−2</sup> (~18 mmol cm<sup>−2</sup> h<sup>−1</sup>), highlighting the promising application potential.</p>","PeriodicalId":19073,"journal":{"name":"Nature Energy","volume":"228 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":56.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142404939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-07DOI: 10.1038/s41560-024-01607-6
Five climate–energy–economy models are used to explore the effect of reducing the cost gap in energy financing between developed and developing countries through fair-finance. Such convergence is projected to increase energy availability, affordability, and sustainability in developing countries, thereby improving energy justice.
{"title":"Fair energy finance increases global equity in the green energy transition","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s41560-024-01607-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41560-024-01607-6","url":null,"abstract":"Five climate–energy–economy models are used to explore the effect of reducing the cost gap in energy financing between developed and developing countries through fair-finance. Such convergence is projected to increase energy availability, affordability, and sustainability in developing countries, thereby improving energy justice.","PeriodicalId":19073,"journal":{"name":"Nature Energy","volume":"9 10","pages":"1189-1190"},"PeriodicalIF":49.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142383658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-07DOI: 10.1038/s41560-024-01639-y
Jie Xiao, Nicole Adelstein, Yujing Bi, Wenjuan Bian, Jordi Cabana, Corie L. Cobb, Yi Cui, Shen J. Dillon, Marca M. Doeff, Saiful M. Islam, Kevin Leung, Mengya Li, Feng Lin, Jun Liu, Hongmei Luo, Amy C. Marschilok, Ying Shirley Meng, Yue Qi, Ritu Sahore, Kayla G. Sprenger, Robert C. Tenent, Michael F. Toney, Wei Tong, Liwen F. Wan, Chongmin Wang, Stephen E. Weitzner, Bingbin Wu, Yaobin Xu
The cathode–electrolyte interphase plays a pivotal role in determining the usable capacity and cycling stability of electrochemical cells, yet it is overshadowed by its counterpart, the solid–electrolyte interphase. This is primarily due to the prevalence of side reactions, particularly at low potentials on the negative electrode, especially in state-of-the-art Li-ion batteries where the charge cutoff voltage is limited. However, as the quest for high-energy battery technologies intensifies, there is a pressing need to advance the study of cathode–electrolyte interphase properties. Here, we present a comprehensive approach to analyse the cathode–electrolyte interphase in battery systems. We underscore the importance of employing model cathode materials and coin cell protocols to establish baseline performance. Additionally, we delve into the factors behind the inconsistent and occasionally controversial findings related to the cathode–electrolyte interphase. We also address the challenges and opportunities in characterizing and simulating the cathode–electrolyte interphase, offering potential solutions to enhance its relevance to real-world applications. The cathode–electrolyte interphase (CEI) is vital for battery cell capacity and stability but receives less attention than the solid–electrolyte interphase. The authors review CEI properties, emphasize using model cathode materials and coin cell protocols, and address challenges and opportunities in characterizing and simulating CEI for real-world applications.
{"title":"Assessing cathode–electrolyte interphases in batteries","authors":"Jie Xiao, Nicole Adelstein, Yujing Bi, Wenjuan Bian, Jordi Cabana, Corie L. Cobb, Yi Cui, Shen J. Dillon, Marca M. Doeff, Saiful M. Islam, Kevin Leung, Mengya Li, Feng Lin, Jun Liu, Hongmei Luo, Amy C. Marschilok, Ying Shirley Meng, Yue Qi, Ritu Sahore, Kayla G. Sprenger, Robert C. Tenent, Michael F. Toney, Wei Tong, Liwen F. Wan, Chongmin Wang, Stephen E. Weitzner, Bingbin Wu, Yaobin Xu","doi":"10.1038/s41560-024-01639-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41560-024-01639-y","url":null,"abstract":"The cathode–electrolyte interphase plays a pivotal role in determining the usable capacity and cycling stability of electrochemical cells, yet it is overshadowed by its counterpart, the solid–electrolyte interphase. This is primarily due to the prevalence of side reactions, particularly at low potentials on the negative electrode, especially in state-of-the-art Li-ion batteries where the charge cutoff voltage is limited. However, as the quest for high-energy battery technologies intensifies, there is a pressing need to advance the study of cathode–electrolyte interphase properties. Here, we present a comprehensive approach to analyse the cathode–electrolyte interphase in battery systems. We underscore the importance of employing model cathode materials and coin cell protocols to establish baseline performance. Additionally, we delve into the factors behind the inconsistent and occasionally controversial findings related to the cathode–electrolyte interphase. We also address the challenges and opportunities in characterizing and simulating the cathode–electrolyte interphase, offering potential solutions to enhance its relevance to real-world applications. The cathode–electrolyte interphase (CEI) is vital for battery cell capacity and stability but receives less attention than the solid–electrolyte interphase. The authors review CEI properties, emphasize using model cathode materials and coin cell protocols, and address challenges and opportunities in characterizing and simulating CEI for real-world applications.","PeriodicalId":19073,"journal":{"name":"Nature Energy","volume":"9 12","pages":"1463-1473"},"PeriodicalIF":49.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142383663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-07DOI: 10.1038/s41560-024-01632-5
Jiafeng Lei, Yi-Chun Lu
Deposition–dissolution reactions are key to the function of rechargeable batteries, but the limited reversibility of plating/stripping shortens their lifespan. Now, a liquid crystal interphase is shown to control deposition in preferred orientations, enabling dual-electrode-free batteries with enhanced reversibility and increased energy density.
{"title":"Building interphases for electrode-free batteries","authors":"Jiafeng Lei, Yi-Chun Lu","doi":"10.1038/s41560-024-01632-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41560-024-01632-5","url":null,"abstract":"Deposition–dissolution reactions are key to the function of rechargeable batteries, but the limited reversibility of plating/stripping shortens their lifespan. Now, a liquid crystal interphase is shown to control deposition in preferred orientations, enabling dual-electrode-free batteries with enhanced reversibility and increased energy density.","PeriodicalId":19073,"journal":{"name":"Nature Energy","volume":"9 11","pages":"1325-1326"},"PeriodicalIF":49.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142383657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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