Pub Date : 2024-09-11DOI: 10.1038/s41578-024-00727-5
Fredrik Edström, Per Dahlbäck
Atmospheric water vapour, an abundant yet underutilized resource, may hold potential as a new water source but is held back by its high enthalpy of condensation. This property also contributes to a negative feedback loop between cooling systems and greenhouse gases, accelerating global warming.
{"title":"Atmospheric water vapour as a potential water source and its impact on energy systems","authors":"Fredrik Edström, Per Dahlbäck","doi":"10.1038/s41578-024-00727-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41578-024-00727-5","url":null,"abstract":"Atmospheric water vapour, an abundant yet underutilized resource, may hold potential as a new water source but is held back by its high enthalpy of condensation. This property also contributes to a negative feedback loop between cooling systems and greenhouse gases, accelerating global warming.","PeriodicalId":19081,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Materials","volume":"9 10","pages":"671-672"},"PeriodicalIF":79.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142171022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-09DOI: 10.1038/s41578-024-00723-9
Anita Wing Yi Ho-Baillie, Stephen Bremner, Ceri Brenner, Iver H. Cairns, Laura Granados-Caro, Gavin Conibeer, Jasmyn Curry, Nicholas Ekins-Daukes, Douglas Griffin, Tik Lun Leung, Md Arafat Mahmud, David McKenzie, Stefania Peracchi, Santosh Shrestha, David Wilt
Thin-film solar cells are promising for providing cost-effective and reliable power in space, especially in multi-junction applications. To enhance efficiency, robustness and integration, advancements at the cell level must be combined with improvements in assembly and panel design. Ensuring that solar cells can provide sustained performance is also essential for minimizing space debris.
{"title":"Emerging photovoltaics for onboard space applications","authors":"Anita Wing Yi Ho-Baillie, Stephen Bremner, Ceri Brenner, Iver H. Cairns, Laura Granados-Caro, Gavin Conibeer, Jasmyn Curry, Nicholas Ekins-Daukes, Douglas Griffin, Tik Lun Leung, Md Arafat Mahmud, David McKenzie, Stefania Peracchi, Santosh Shrestha, David Wilt","doi":"10.1038/s41578-024-00723-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41578-024-00723-9","url":null,"abstract":"Thin-film solar cells are promising for providing cost-effective and reliable power in space, especially in multi-junction applications. To enhance efficiency, robustness and integration, advancements at the cell level must be combined with improvements in assembly and panel design. Ensuring that solar cells can provide sustained performance is also essential for minimizing space debris.","PeriodicalId":19081,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Materials","volume":"9 11","pages":"759-761"},"PeriodicalIF":79.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142158982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-04DOI: 10.1038/s41578-024-00724-8
Rita Leones
An article in Nature Communications presents an adaptable and scalable approach to synthesize high-entropy single-atom nanocage catalysts for efficient ammonia electrosynthesis.
{"title":"From nitrate to ammonia using high-entropy single-atom nanocages","authors":"Rita Leones","doi":"10.1038/s41578-024-00724-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41578-024-00724-8","url":null,"abstract":"An article in Nature Communications presents an adaptable and scalable approach to synthesize high-entropy single-atom nanocage catalysts for efficient ammonia electrosynthesis.","PeriodicalId":19081,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Materials","volume":"9 10","pages":"676-676"},"PeriodicalIF":79.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142138001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-02DOI: 10.1038/s41578-024-00722-w
Ariane Vartanian
An article in the Journal of the American Chemical Society reports porous photocatalytic nanowires that extract record amounts of uranium from seawater, a step closer to tapping the ocean’s vast uranium reserves for nuclear energy.
{"title":"Fishing for uranium","authors":"Ariane Vartanian","doi":"10.1038/s41578-024-00722-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41578-024-00722-w","url":null,"abstract":"An article in the Journal of the American Chemical Society reports porous photocatalytic nanowires that extract record amounts of uranium from seawater, a step closer to tapping the ocean’s vast uranium reserves for nuclear energy.","PeriodicalId":19081,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Materials","volume":"9 10","pages":"675-675"},"PeriodicalIF":79.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142118141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-02DOI: 10.1038/s41578-024-00714-w
Jue Wang, Alex Chortos
Shape-morphing devices, with their capacity to undergo structural transformations, are on the verge of revolutionizing multiple domains, from human–machine interfaces to biomedical and aerospace applications. This Perspective classifies shape-morphing devices into two categories: pattern-to-pattern shape-morphing devices that deform from a starting shape to a predefined set of one or more deformed shapes, and programmable shape-morphing devices that can morph into different shapes on demand. We highlight the need for standardized assessment approaches to compare the performance of different shape-morphing devices and introduce an array of proposed metrics that are tailored to assess the functionality of these devices at the material, device and system levels. Notably, we propose a mathematical metric to quantify the complexity of a surface and a set of standard surfaces for evaluating programmable shape-morphing devices, providing objective benchmarks for this expanding field. This Perspective proposes nine performance metrics for the assessment of the functionality of shape-morphing devices across material, device and system levels and introduces a mathematical method for evaluating the surface complexity and standard surfaces for assessing the programmability of shape-morphing devices, offering benchmarks for this growing field.
{"title":"Performance metrics for shape-morphing devices","authors":"Jue Wang, Alex Chortos","doi":"10.1038/s41578-024-00714-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41578-024-00714-w","url":null,"abstract":"Shape-morphing devices, with their capacity to undergo structural transformations, are on the verge of revolutionizing multiple domains, from human–machine interfaces to biomedical and aerospace applications. This Perspective classifies shape-morphing devices into two categories: pattern-to-pattern shape-morphing devices that deform from a starting shape to a predefined set of one or more deformed shapes, and programmable shape-morphing devices that can morph into different shapes on demand. We highlight the need for standardized assessment approaches to compare the performance of different shape-morphing devices and introduce an array of proposed metrics that are tailored to assess the functionality of these devices at the material, device and system levels. Notably, we propose a mathematical metric to quantify the complexity of a surface and a set of standard surfaces for evaluating programmable shape-morphing devices, providing objective benchmarks for this expanding field. This Perspective proposes nine performance metrics for the assessment of the functionality of shape-morphing devices across material, device and system levels and introduces a mathematical method for evaluating the surface complexity and standard surfaces for assessing the programmability of shape-morphing devices, offering benchmarks for this growing field.","PeriodicalId":19081,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Materials","volume":"9 10","pages":"738-751"},"PeriodicalIF":79.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142118144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-29DOI: 10.1038/s41578-024-00706-w
Berthold H. Rimmler, Banabir Pal, Stuart S. P. Parkin
Spintronics aims to go beyond the charge-based paradigm of silicon-based microelectronics by utilizing the spin degree of freedom for memory, storage and computing applications. State-of-the-art spintronic devices rely on the manipulation of magnetic textures by spin torques that are generated from electrical currents within ferromagnets (FMs) (spin-transfer torque) or proximal heavy metals (spin-orbit torque). Although these concepts have led to important commercial applications, the use of FMs poses challenges owing to their stray fields, relatively slow dynamics and limited thermal stability. To overcome these challenges, new materials are needed, especially those that display negligible stray fields such as antiferromagnets (AFs). In this regard, synthetic AFs have been vitally important since their use in the very first spintronic field sensors and memories. Collinear AFs have found applications in stabilizing magnetic textures via interfacial exchange bias. Going beyond these classes of AFs, the family of non-collinear AFs (NCAFs) with triangular spin textures has attractive properties, some of them even reminiscent of FMs. These include, for example, large anomalous Hall and Nernst effects, and substantial magneto-optical responses, despite their nearly fully compensated magnetization. Thus, one can anticipate their use in substituting FMs in future spintronic devices. Furthermore, these novel AFs convert electrical currents to spin currents with unique symmetries, which may allow for new ways to manipulate spin textures. Here, we review recent developments in non-collinear antiferromagnetic spintronics. Emphasis is placed on spin current generation, switching of spin textures and applications in magnetic random access memory and racetrack memory, as well as so-far unexplored materials. We show that although key components of spintronic devices based on NCAFs have been demonstrated, a wide range of potential materials remain to be explored and many open questions remain to be answered. Thus, the field of NCAFs is a vibrant and exciting subfield of spintronics with much potential for next-generation memory and computing technologies.
{"title":"Non-collinear antiferromagnetic spintronics","authors":"Berthold H. Rimmler, Banabir Pal, Stuart S. P. Parkin","doi":"10.1038/s41578-024-00706-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41578-024-00706-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Spintronics aims to go beyond the charge-based paradigm of silicon-based microelectronics by utilizing the spin degree of freedom for memory, storage and computing applications. State-of-the-art spintronic devices rely on the manipulation of magnetic textures by spin torques that are generated from electrical currents within ferromagnets (FMs) (spin-transfer torque) or proximal heavy metals (spin-orbit torque). Although these concepts have led to important commercial applications, the use of FMs poses challenges owing to their stray fields, relatively slow dynamics and limited thermal stability. To overcome these challenges, new materials are needed, especially those that display negligible stray fields such as antiferromagnets (AFs). In this regard, synthetic AFs have been vitally important since their use in the very first spintronic field sensors and memories. Collinear AFs have found applications in stabilizing magnetic textures via interfacial exchange bias. Going beyond these classes of AFs, the family of non-collinear AFs (NCAFs) with triangular spin textures has attractive properties, some of them even reminiscent of FMs. These include, for example, large anomalous Hall and Nernst effects, and substantial magneto-optical responses, despite their nearly fully compensated magnetization. Thus, one can anticipate their use in substituting FMs in future spintronic devices. Furthermore, these novel AFs convert electrical currents to spin currents with unique symmetries, which may allow for new ways to manipulate spin textures. Here, we review recent developments in non-collinear antiferromagnetic spintronics. Emphasis is placed on spin current generation, switching of spin textures and applications in magnetic random access memory and racetrack memory, as well as so-far unexplored materials. We show that although key components of spintronic devices based on NCAFs have been demonstrated, a wide range of potential materials remain to be explored and many open questions remain to be answered. Thus, the field of NCAFs is a vibrant and exciting subfield of spintronics with much potential for next-generation memory and computing technologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":19081,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Materials","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":83.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142101303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-27DOI: 10.1038/s41578-024-00719-5
Giulia Pacchioni
An article in Nature reports the observation of giant terahertz magnetoelectric oscillations in a van der Waals multiferroic and presents a theoretical model that elucidates their origin.
{"title":"Magnetoelectric oscillations go giant in a van der Waals multiferroic","authors":"Giulia Pacchioni","doi":"10.1038/s41578-024-00719-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41578-024-00719-5","url":null,"abstract":"An article in Nature reports the observation of giant terahertz magnetoelectric oscillations in a van der Waals multiferroic and presents a theoretical model that elucidates their origin.","PeriodicalId":19081,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Materials","volume":"9 9","pages":"606-606"},"PeriodicalIF":79.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142085655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-19DOI: 10.1038/s41578-024-00713-x
Giulia Pacchioni
In her memoir Human Rights and Peace, a Personal Odyssey, Zafra Lerman, an Israeli-American chemist and science diplomat, recounts her remarkable life.
{"title":"You may say she’s a dreamer","authors":"Giulia Pacchioni","doi":"10.1038/s41578-024-00713-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41578-024-00713-x","url":null,"abstract":"In her memoir Human Rights and Peace, a Personal Odyssey, Zafra Lerman, an Israeli-American chemist and science diplomat, recounts her remarkable life.","PeriodicalId":19081,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Materials","volume":"9 9","pages":"603-603"},"PeriodicalIF":79.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142002795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-19DOI: 10.1038/s41578-024-00708-8
Huan Tran, Rishi Gurnani, Chiho Kim, Ghanshyam Pilania, Ha-Kyung Kwon, Ryan P. Lively, Rampi Ramprasad
Artificial intelligence (AI)-based methods continue to make inroads into accelerated materials design and development. Here, we review AI-enabled advances made in the subfield of polymer informatics, with a particular focus on the design of application-specific practical polymeric materials. We consider exemplar design attempts within a few critical and emerging application spaces, including materials designs for storing, producing and conserving energy, and those that can prepare us for a sustainable economy powered by recyclable and/or biodegradable polymers. AI-powered workflows help to efficiently search the staggeringly large chemical and configurational space of materials, using modern machine-learning (ML) algorithms to solve ‘forward’ and ‘inverse’ materials design problems. A theme explored throughout this Review is a practical informatics-based design protocol that involves creating a set of application-specific target property criteria, building ML model predictors for those relevant target properties, enumerating or generating a tangible population of viable polymers, and selecting candidates that meet design recommendations. The protocol is demonstrated for several energy- and sustainability-related applications. Finally, we offer our outlook on the lingering obstacles that must be overcome to achieve widespread adoption of informatics-driven protocols in industrial-scale materials development. Artificial intelligence (AI)-based methods continue to make inroads into accelerated materials design and development. This Review focuses on AI-enabled advances in polymer informatics, highlighting practical design protocols and exemplar applications in energy and sustainability, while also addressing challenges to industrial adoption.
基于人工智能（AI）的方法在加速材料设计和开发方面不断取得进展。在此，我们回顾了人工智能在聚合物信息学子领域取得的进展，尤其关注特定应用的实用聚合物材料的设计。我们考虑了在一些关键和新兴应用领域中的示范性设计尝试，包括用于储存、生产和节约能源的材料设计，以及可为我们实现由可回收和/或可生物降解聚合物驱动的可持续经济做好准备的材料设计。人工智能驱动的工作流程有助于高效搜索材料的巨大化学和构型空间，利用现代机器学习（ML）算法解决 "正向 "和 "反向 "材料设计问题。本综述探讨的一个主题是基于信息学的实用设计规程，包括创建一套特定应用的目标特性标准，为这些相关的目标特性建立 ML 模型预测器，列举或生成可行聚合物的有形群体，并选择符合设计建议的候选材料。我们针对几种与能源和可持续发展相关的应用演示了该方案。最后，我们展望了在工业规模材料开发中广泛采用信息学驱动协议所必须克服的障碍。
{"title":"Design of functional and sustainable polymers assisted by artificial intelligence","authors":"Huan Tran, Rishi Gurnani, Chiho Kim, Ghanshyam Pilania, Ha-Kyung Kwon, Ryan P. Lively, Rampi Ramprasad","doi":"10.1038/s41578-024-00708-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41578-024-00708-8","url":null,"abstract":"Artificial intelligence (AI)-based methods continue to make inroads into accelerated materials design and development. Here, we review AI-enabled advances made in the subfield of polymer informatics, with a particular focus on the design of application-specific practical polymeric materials. We consider exemplar design attempts within a few critical and emerging application spaces, including materials designs for storing, producing and conserving energy, and those that can prepare us for a sustainable economy powered by recyclable and/or biodegradable polymers. AI-powered workflows help to efficiently search the staggeringly large chemical and configurational space of materials, using modern machine-learning (ML) algorithms to solve ‘forward’ and ‘inverse’ materials design problems. A theme explored throughout this Review is a practical informatics-based design protocol that involves creating a set of application-specific target property criteria, building ML model predictors for those relevant target properties, enumerating or generating a tangible population of viable polymers, and selecting candidates that meet design recommendations. The protocol is demonstrated for several energy- and sustainability-related applications. Finally, we offer our outlook on the lingering obstacles that must be overcome to achieve widespread adoption of informatics-driven protocols in industrial-scale materials development. Artificial intelligence (AI)-based methods continue to make inroads into accelerated materials design and development. This Review focuses on AI-enabled advances in polymer informatics, highlighting practical design protocols and exemplar applications in energy and sustainability, while also addressing challenges to industrial adoption.","PeriodicalId":19081,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Materials","volume":"9 12","pages":"866-886"},"PeriodicalIF":79.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142002797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：