Pub Date : 2025-03-26DOI: 10.1038/s41578-025-00799-x
Ariane Vartanian
An article in the Journal of the American Chemical Society describes a simple mechanochemical route to imine-based metal–organic frameworks, which have long been difficult to synthesize.
{"title":"Forcing imines into MOFs","authors":"Ariane Vartanian","doi":"10.1038/s41578-025-00799-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41578-025-00799-x","url":null,"abstract":"An article in the Journal of the American Chemical Society describes a simple mechanochemical route to imine-based metal–organic frameworks, which have long been difficult to synthesize.","PeriodicalId":19081,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Materials","volume":"10 4","pages":"251-251"},"PeriodicalIF":79.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143712958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-24DOI: 10.1038/s41578-025-00796-0
Charlotte Allard
An article in Nature Communications shows that using semi-transparent perovskite rooftops in greenhouses enhances the growth of radicchio seedlings.
《自然通讯》上的一篇文章表明，在温室中使用半透明的钙钛矿屋顶可以促进菊苣幼苗的生长。
{"title":"Semi-transparent perovskites promote radicchio growth","authors":"Charlotte Allard","doi":"10.1038/s41578-025-00796-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41578-025-00796-0","url":null,"abstract":"An article in Nature Communications shows that using semi-transparent perovskite rooftops in greenhouses enhances the growth of radicchio seedlings.","PeriodicalId":19081,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Materials","volume":"10 4","pages":"250-250"},"PeriodicalIF":79.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143677776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-20DOI: 10.1038/s41578-025-00783-5
Mengting Zheng, Ya You, Jun Lu
The pace of electrification is surging, and recycling is key towards a circular battery life cycle. However, as the usage of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) expands in modern technologies and ever more complex elements are incorporated, complicated degradation behaviours are introduced, posing challenges for recycling. Metallurgy-based material extraction methods are independent of the complexity of materials decay but at the cost of compromised economic and environmental sustainability. Although direct regeneration is expected to reduce the environmental impact of recycling and improve its economic benefits, it cannot properly deal with failure at different scales and parameters. To effectively manage the growing stream of spent LIBs, strategies on multiple fronts are imperative. Recent developments in recycling mechanisms have highlighted the importance of understanding battery failure mechanisms to achieve environmentally friendly and sustainable recycling practices. In this Review, failure mechanisms in state-of-the-art LIBs are discussed from the particle scale to the cell scale, offering insights for navigating recycling efforts. Recent advancements in material extraction and direct regeneration are summarized, and perspectives on the most pressing challenges for recycling, optimization of recycling processes, and recycling strategies for next-generation batteries are offered. Lithium-ion batteries suffer from complicated degradation behaviours, posing challenges for recycling. This Review explores the failure mechanisms in state-of-the-art cathode materials from the particle to the cell scale and discusses how these insights can help to improve material extraction and direct regeneration to optimize recycling processes.
{"title":"Understanding materials failure mechanisms for the optimization of lithium-ion battery recycling","authors":"Mengting Zheng, Ya You, Jun Lu","doi":"10.1038/s41578-025-00783-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41578-025-00783-5","url":null,"abstract":"The pace of electrification is surging, and recycling is key towards a circular battery life cycle. However, as the usage of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) expands in modern technologies and ever more complex elements are incorporated, complicated degradation behaviours are introduced, posing challenges for recycling. Metallurgy-based material extraction methods are independent of the complexity of materials decay but at the cost of compromised economic and environmental sustainability. Although direct regeneration is expected to reduce the environmental impact of recycling and improve its economic benefits, it cannot properly deal with failure at different scales and parameters. To effectively manage the growing stream of spent LIBs, strategies on multiple fronts are imperative. Recent developments in recycling mechanisms have highlighted the importance of understanding battery failure mechanisms to achieve environmentally friendly and sustainable recycling practices. In this Review, failure mechanisms in state-of-the-art LIBs are discussed from the particle scale to the cell scale, offering insights for navigating recycling efforts. Recent advancements in material extraction and direct regeneration are summarized, and perspectives on the most pressing challenges for recycling, optimization of recycling processes, and recycling strategies for next-generation batteries are offered. Lithium-ion batteries suffer from complicated degradation behaviours, posing challenges for recycling. This Review explores the failure mechanisms in state-of-the-art cathode materials from the particle to the cell scale and discusses how these insights can help to improve material extraction and direct regeneration to optimize recycling processes.","PeriodicalId":19081,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Materials","volume":"10 5","pages":"355-368"},"PeriodicalIF":86.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143660538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-20DOI: 10.1038/s41578-025-00784-4
Thomas Kirchartz, Genghua Yan, Ye Yuan, Brijesh K. Patel, David Cahen, Pabitra K. Nayak
Photovoltaic (PV) technology is crucial for the transition to a carbon-neutral and sustainable society. In this Review, we provide a comprehensive overview of PV materials and technologies, including mechanisms that limit PV solar-cell and module efficiencies. First, we introduce the PV effect and efficiency losses within the framework of the Shockley–Queisser model for solar-to-electrical power conversion. However, all PV technologies fall short of these idealizations in various aspects, from incomplete sunlight absorption to the loss of photocurrent and photovoltage caused by the recombination of photogenerated charge carriers in the cells. Approaching the efficiency limits of PV technology requires material innovations and device designs that minimize these losses. Solar-cell research and development presents several solutions to these problems that are intimately related to the properties of the specific PV materials. To increase efficiencies beyond the Shockley–Queisser limit (around 33%) for a single junction, research has focused on producing multi-junction solar cells. Although these cells do provide higher efficiencies, there are differences in performance between individual cells and full modules in single-junction technologies when integrated into multi-junction configurations, highlighting the challenges in moving from laboratory experiments to commercial products. Photovoltaics is an essential technology for achieving a carbon-neutral society. This Review compares the state of the art of photovoltaic materials and technologies, detailing efficiency limitations and the innovations needed to overcome them.
{"title":"The state of the art in photovoltaic materials and device research","authors":"Thomas Kirchartz, Genghua Yan, Ye Yuan, Brijesh K. Patel, David Cahen, Pabitra K. Nayak","doi":"10.1038/s41578-025-00784-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41578-025-00784-4","url":null,"abstract":"Photovoltaic (PV) technology is crucial for the transition to a carbon-neutral and sustainable society. In this Review, we provide a comprehensive overview of PV materials and technologies, including mechanisms that limit PV solar-cell and module efficiencies. First, we introduce the PV effect and efficiency losses within the framework of the Shockley–Queisser model for solar-to-electrical power conversion. However, all PV technologies fall short of these idealizations in various aspects, from incomplete sunlight absorption to the loss of photocurrent and photovoltage caused by the recombination of photogenerated charge carriers in the cells. Approaching the efficiency limits of PV technology requires material innovations and device designs that minimize these losses. Solar-cell research and development presents several solutions to these problems that are intimately related to the properties of the specific PV materials. To increase efficiencies beyond the Shockley–Queisser limit (around 33%) for a single junction, research has focused on producing multi-junction solar cells. Although these cells do provide higher efficiencies, there are differences in performance between individual cells and full modules in single-junction technologies when integrated into multi-junction configurations, highlighting the challenges in moving from laboratory experiments to commercial products. Photovoltaics is an essential technology for achieving a carbon-neutral society. This Review compares the state of the art of photovoltaic materials and technologies, detailing efficiency limitations and the innovations needed to overcome them.","PeriodicalId":19081,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Materials","volume":"10 5","pages":"335-354"},"PeriodicalIF":86.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143660704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-18DOI: 10.1038/s41578-025-00785-3
Paulina Nunez Bernal, Sammy Florczak, Sebastian Inacker, Xiao Kuang, Jorge Madrid-Wolff, Martin Regehly, Stefan Hecht, Yu Shrike Zhang, Christophe Moser, Riccardo Levato
Volumetric 3D printing enables the rapid fabrication of centimetre-scale objects, with the fastest techniques requiring only a few seconds. Having emerged during the past 7 years, this new family of technologies is posed to revolutionize additive manufacturing, fabricating objects and functional parts in a layerless fashion directly within a vat of material in response to optical and acoustic fields. Modern volumetric 3D printing methods are overcoming many challenges inherent to conventional layer-by-layer approaches, the standard in research and industry for the past 40 years. This Review focuses on identifying upcoming challenges and research directions in materials chemistry and process engineering to move volumetric 3D printing from its infancy to its broader adoption. Recent advances include the development of techniques based on optical tomography, light and acoustic holography, xolography, multiwavelength and upconversion-mediated printing, as well as the introduction of materials with custom-designed properties. Promising applications in the development of optical and photonic components, rapid prototyping, soft robotics and bioprinting of living cells are discussed along with a vision for the evolution of volumetric manufacturing towards a broadly accessible technology platform. Volumetric 3D printing is an emerging set of technologies enabling layerless, fast fabrication of complex, multicomponent objects. This Review explores challenges in materials design and process engineering, highlighting future directions for the widespread adoption and novel applications of these technologies.
{"title":"The road ahead in materials and technologies for volumetric 3D printing","authors":"Paulina Nunez Bernal, Sammy Florczak, Sebastian Inacker, Xiao Kuang, Jorge Madrid-Wolff, Martin Regehly, Stefan Hecht, Yu Shrike Zhang, Christophe Moser, Riccardo Levato","doi":"10.1038/s41578-025-00785-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41578-025-00785-3","url":null,"abstract":"Volumetric 3D printing enables the rapid fabrication of centimetre-scale objects, with the fastest techniques requiring only a few seconds. Having emerged during the past 7 years, this new family of technologies is posed to revolutionize additive manufacturing, fabricating objects and functional parts in a layerless fashion directly within a vat of material in response to optical and acoustic fields. Modern volumetric 3D printing methods are overcoming many challenges inherent to conventional layer-by-layer approaches, the standard in research and industry for the past 40 years. This Review focuses on identifying upcoming challenges and research directions in materials chemistry and process engineering to move volumetric 3D printing from its infancy to its broader adoption. Recent advances include the development of techniques based on optical tomography, light and acoustic holography, xolography, multiwavelength and upconversion-mediated printing, as well as the introduction of materials with custom-designed properties. Promising applications in the development of optical and photonic components, rapid prototyping, soft robotics and bioprinting of living cells are discussed along with a vision for the evolution of volumetric manufacturing towards a broadly accessible technology platform. Volumetric 3D printing is an emerging set of technologies enabling layerless, fast fabrication of complex, multicomponent objects. This Review explores challenges in materials design and process engineering, highlighting future directions for the widespread adoption and novel applications of these technologies.","PeriodicalId":19081,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Materials","volume":"10 11","pages":"826-841"},"PeriodicalIF":86.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143653489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-17DOI: 10.1038/s41578-025-00791-5
Hanwei Wang, Cheng Zeng, Qingfeng Sun, Huiqiao Li
Topological fibres, which are formed by the self-rolling of 2D-like materials, display excellent mechanical properties and high compatibility with guest species. They hold promise for driving innovation in fibre materials, expanding their research directions and applications.
{"title":"Topological fibres expand the horizons of fibre materials","authors":"Hanwei Wang, Cheng Zeng, Qingfeng Sun, Huiqiao Li","doi":"10.1038/s41578-025-00791-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41578-025-00791-5","url":null,"abstract":"Topological fibres, which are formed by the self-rolling of 2D-like materials, display excellent mechanical properties and high compatibility with guest species. They hold promise for driving innovation in fibre materials, expanding their research directions and applications.","PeriodicalId":19081,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Materials","volume":"10 4","pages":"247-248"},"PeriodicalIF":79.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143635174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-13DOI: 10.1038/s41578-025-00794-2
Giulia Pacchioni
An article in Nature Materials reports a salt- and-oxygen-assisted chemical vapour deposition method for the synthesis of 2D single crystals of the non-layered material β-Bi2O3, which exhibit high hole mobility and result in field-effect transistors with attractive performance.
{"title":"2D non-layered crystals with high hole mobility enter the scene","authors":"Giulia Pacchioni","doi":"10.1038/s41578-025-00794-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41578-025-00794-2","url":null,"abstract":"An article in Nature Materials reports a salt- and-oxygen-assisted chemical vapour deposition method for the synthesis of 2D single crystals of the non-layered material β-Bi2O3, which exhibit high hole mobility and result in field-effect transistors with attractive performance.","PeriodicalId":19081,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Materials","volume":"10 4","pages":"249-249"},"PeriodicalIF":79.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143618855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-13DOI: 10.1038/s41578-025-00782-6
Kübra Kaygisiz, Deborah Sementa, Vignesh Athiyarath, Xi Chen, Rein V. Ulijn
Living systems provide the most sophisticated materials known. These materials are created from a few dozen building blocks that are driven to self-organize by covalent and non-covalent interactions. Biology’s building blocks can be repurposed for the design of synthetic materials that life has not explored. In this Review, we examine the bottom-up design, discovery and evolution of self-assembling peptides by considering the entire supramolecular interaction space available to their constituent amino acids. Our approach focuses on sequence context, or how peptide sequence and environmental conditions collectively influence peptide self-assembly outcomes. We discuss examples of peptides that assemble through multimodal backbone, side chain and water interactions. We conclude that a more systematic (comparing sequences side-by-side), integrated (pairing computation and experiment) and holistic (considering peptide, solvent and environment) approach is required to better understand and fully exploit amino acids as a universal assembly code. This goal is particularly timely, because laboratory automation and artificial intelligence now have the potential to accelerate discoveries in these highly modular and complex materials, beyond the limited sequence space that biology uses. Living systems create exceptional materials from simple amino acid building blocks. This Review explores how a systems-based approach — considering peptide, solvent and environment, and integrating computation and experimentation — can unlock peptide sequence space as a universal materials assembly code, enabling designs beyond biology’s natural scope.
{"title":"Context dependence in assembly code for supramolecular peptide materials and systems","authors":"Kübra Kaygisiz, Deborah Sementa, Vignesh Athiyarath, Xi Chen, Rein V. Ulijn","doi":"10.1038/s41578-025-00782-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41578-025-00782-6","url":null,"abstract":"Living systems provide the most sophisticated materials known. These materials are created from a few dozen building blocks that are driven to self-organize by covalent and non-covalent interactions. Biology’s building blocks can be repurposed for the design of synthetic materials that life has not explored. In this Review, we examine the bottom-up design, discovery and evolution of self-assembling peptides by considering the entire supramolecular interaction space available to their constituent amino acids. Our approach focuses on sequence context, or how peptide sequence and environmental conditions collectively influence peptide self-assembly outcomes. We discuss examples of peptides that assemble through multimodal backbone, side chain and water interactions. We conclude that a more systematic (comparing sequences side-by-side), integrated (pairing computation and experiment) and holistic (considering peptide, solvent and environment) approach is required to better understand and fully exploit amino acids as a universal assembly code. This goal is particularly timely, because laboratory automation and artificial intelligence now have the potential to accelerate discoveries in these highly modular and complex materials, beyond the limited sequence space that biology uses. Living systems create exceptional materials from simple amino acid building blocks. This Review explores how a systems-based approach — considering peptide, solvent and environment, and integrating computation and experimentation — can unlock peptide sequence space as a universal materials assembly code, enabling designs beyond biology’s natural scope.","PeriodicalId":19081,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Materials","volume":"10 6","pages":"449-472"},"PeriodicalIF":86.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143618892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-06DOI: 10.1038/s41578-025-00790-6
Giulia Pacchioni
In February 2025, 15 researchers travelled from the West Bank to the Max Planck institute in Stuttgart to engage with German colleagues in discussions about science, the challenges they face in their research and potential collaborations.
{"title":"Palestinian and German researchers meet to strengthen scientific ties","authors":"Giulia Pacchioni","doi":"10.1038/s41578-025-00790-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41578-025-00790-6","url":null,"abstract":"In February 2025, 15 researchers travelled from the West Bank to the Max Planck institute in Stuttgart to engage with German colleagues in discussions about science, the challenges they face in their research and potential collaborations.","PeriodicalId":19081,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Materials","volume":"10 4","pages":"245-246"},"PeriodicalIF":79.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143561165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Biodegradable origami soft robot","authors":"Charlotte Allard","doi":"10.1038/s41578-025-00786-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41578-025-00786-2","url":null,"abstract":"An article in Science Advances demonstrates a dual closed-loop robotic system that uses biodegradable materials and features an origami-based design.","PeriodicalId":19081,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Materials","volume":"10 3","pages":"173-173"},"PeriodicalIF":79.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143506899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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