K. Karaivazoglou, C. Konstantakis, S. Assimakopoulos, C. Triantos
The human gut microbiota constitutes an integral part of human physiology, playing an important role in maintaining health, and compositional or functional changes in intestinal microbiota may be associated with the emergence of several chronic diseases. Animal and human studies have shown that there is a dynamic cross‐talk between intestinal microorganisms and brain networks which has an impact on neurodevelopment and may be extremely critical in shaping human social behavior.
{"title":"Neonate gut colonization: The rise of a social brain","authors":"K. Karaivazoglou, C. Konstantakis, S. Assimakopoulos, C. Triantos","doi":"10.1111/nmo.13767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nmo.13767","url":null,"abstract":"The human gut microbiota constitutes an integral part of human physiology, playing an important role in maintaining health, and compositional or functional changes in intestinal microbiota may be associated with the emergence of several chronic diseases. Animal and human studies have shown that there is a dynamic cross‐talk between intestinal microorganisms and brain networks which has an impact on neurodevelopment and may be extremely critical in shaping human social behavior.","PeriodicalId":19104,"journal":{"name":"Neurogastroenterology & Motility","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80818962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vagally dependent gastric functions, including motility, tone, compliance, and emptying rate, play an important role in the regulation of food intake and satiation. Vagal afferent fibers relay sensory information from the stomach, including meal‐related information, centrally and initiate co‐ordinated autonomic efferent responses that regulate upper gastrointestinal responses. The purpose of this mini‐review is to highlight several recent studies which have uncovered the remarkable degree of neuroplasticity within gastric mechanosensitive vagal afferents and the recent study by Li et al, in this issue of Neurogastroenterology and Motility, who show that the mechanosensitivity of gastric vagal afferents is dysregulated in a murine model of chronic stress. The authors demonstrate that both gastric mucosal and tension afferents are hypersensitive following chronic stress, and responses to mucosal stroking and muscle stretch are enhanced significantly. As gastric distension and volumetric signaling is important in satiety signaling and meal termination, this may provide a mechanistic basis for the gastric hypersensitivity associated with stress‐associated clinical problems such as functional dyspepsia.
{"title":"Stress‐induced modulation of vagal afferents","authors":"K. Browning","doi":"10.1111/nmo.13758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nmo.13758","url":null,"abstract":"Vagally dependent gastric functions, including motility, tone, compliance, and emptying rate, play an important role in the regulation of food intake and satiation. Vagal afferent fibers relay sensory information from the stomach, including meal‐related information, centrally and initiate co‐ordinated autonomic efferent responses that regulate upper gastrointestinal responses. The purpose of this mini‐review is to highlight several recent studies which have uncovered the remarkable degree of neuroplasticity within gastric mechanosensitive vagal afferents and the recent study by Li et al, in this issue of Neurogastroenterology and Motility, who show that the mechanosensitivity of gastric vagal afferents is dysregulated in a murine model of chronic stress. The authors demonstrate that both gastric mucosal and tension afferents are hypersensitive following chronic stress, and responses to mucosal stroking and muscle stretch are enhanced significantly. As gastric distension and volumetric signaling is important in satiety signaling and meal termination, this may provide a mechanistic basis for the gastric hypersensitivity associated with stress‐associated clinical problems such as functional dyspepsia.","PeriodicalId":19104,"journal":{"name":"Neurogastroenterology & Motility","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89859387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Shahsavari, Daohai Yu, Asad Jehangir, Xiaoning Lu, B. Zoll, H. Parkman
Symptoms of gastroparesis (Gp) can fluctuate at different times of the day. Our aims are (1) To characterize Gp symptom variability throughout the day and in relation to meals and (2) to compare the daily symptom variability in subtypes of Gp—diabetic gastroparesis (DGp) and idiopathic gastroparesis (IGp).
{"title":"Symptom variability throughout the day in patients with gastroparesis","authors":"D. Shahsavari, Daohai Yu, Asad Jehangir, Xiaoning Lu, B. Zoll, H. Parkman","doi":"10.1111/nmo.13740","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nmo.13740","url":null,"abstract":"Symptoms of gastroparesis (Gp) can fluctuate at different times of the day. Our aims are (1) To characterize Gp symptom variability throughout the day and in relation to meals and (2) to compare the daily symptom variability in subtypes of Gp—diabetic gastroparesis (DGp) and idiopathic gastroparesis (IGp).","PeriodicalId":19104,"journal":{"name":"Neurogastroenterology & Motility","volume":"119 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80517893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ian Holmes, Myung S. Ko, Abdul Kouanda, Aparajita Singh, Andrew S. Nett, P. Kathpalia
Epiphrenic (pulsion) esophageal diverticula can occur in the setting of underlying esophageal motility disorders such as achalasia and present a unique management challenge to the gastroenterologist. Asymptomatic diverticula do not require treatment, but symptomatic diverticula require therapy targeted to the underlying esophageal motility disorder, or else the diverticula will recur. Generally, laparoscopic or combined laparoscopic/thoracoscopic myotomy, diverticulectomy, and anterior fundoplication are required. However, therapeutic options for epiphrenic diverticula are evolving as peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) becomes more commonplace. We review two cases of achalasia complicated by epiphrenic diverticula at our institution. In the first case, type II achalasia was identified and the patient underwent laparoscopic myotomy. In the second case, type III achalasia was present and the patient underwent successful POEM. We discuss the presentation, pathophysiology, and management of epiphrenic diverticula as well as the expanding role for POEM in diverticula.
{"title":"Epiphrenic diverticula: An added source of complexity in achalasia management","authors":"Ian Holmes, Myung S. Ko, Abdul Kouanda, Aparajita Singh, Andrew S. Nett, P. Kathpalia","doi":"10.1111/nmo.13761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nmo.13761","url":null,"abstract":"Epiphrenic (pulsion) esophageal diverticula can occur in the setting of underlying esophageal motility disorders such as achalasia and present a unique management challenge to the gastroenterologist. Asymptomatic diverticula do not require treatment, but symptomatic diverticula require therapy targeted to the underlying esophageal motility disorder, or else the diverticula will recur. Generally, laparoscopic or combined laparoscopic/thoracoscopic myotomy, diverticulectomy, and anterior fundoplication are required. However, therapeutic options for epiphrenic diverticula are evolving as peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) becomes more commonplace. We review two cases of achalasia complicated by epiphrenic diverticula at our institution. In the first case, type II achalasia was identified and the patient underwent laparoscopic myotomy. In the second case, type III achalasia was present and the patient underwent successful POEM. We discuss the presentation, pathophysiology, and management of epiphrenic diverticula as well as the expanding role for POEM in diverticula.","PeriodicalId":19104,"journal":{"name":"Neurogastroenterology & Motility","volume":"8 20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91199525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Palmieri, T. Mazza, G. Bassotti, A. Merla, S. Tolone, T. Biagini, A. Cuttitta, F. Bossa, G. Martino, T. Latiano, G. Corritore, D. Gioffreda, O. Palumbo, M. Carella, A. Panza, A. Andriulli, A. Latiano
Achalasia is a rare idiopathic disease with a complex etio‐pathogenesis still unknown. This study aimed to identify microRNA (miRNA)‐mRNA regulatory networks underlying achalasia.
{"title":"microRNA‐mRNA network model in patients with achalasia","authors":"O. Palmieri, T. Mazza, G. Bassotti, A. Merla, S. Tolone, T. Biagini, A. Cuttitta, F. Bossa, G. Martino, T. Latiano, G. Corritore, D. Gioffreda, O. Palumbo, M. Carella, A. Panza, A. Andriulli, A. Latiano","doi":"10.1111/nmo.13764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nmo.13764","url":null,"abstract":"Achalasia is a rare idiopathic disease with a complex etio‐pathogenesis still unknown. This study aimed to identify microRNA (miRNA)‐mRNA regulatory networks underlying achalasia.","PeriodicalId":19104,"journal":{"name":"Neurogastroenterology & Motility","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89747056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Serra, D. Pohl, F. Azpiroz, G. Chiarioni, P. Ducrotte, G. Gourcerol, A. Hungin, P. Layer, J. Mendive, Johann Pfeifer, G. Rogler, S. Mark Scott, M. Simrén, P. Whorwell
Chronic constipation is a common disorder with a reported prevalence ranging from 3% to 27% in the general population. Several management strategies, including diagnostic tests, empiric treatments, and specific treatments, have been developed. Our aim was to develop European guidelines for the clinical management of constipation.
{"title":"European society of neurogastroenterology and motility guidelines on functional constipation in adults","authors":"J. Serra, D. Pohl, F. Azpiroz, G. Chiarioni, P. Ducrotte, G. Gourcerol, A. Hungin, P. Layer, J. Mendive, Johann Pfeifer, G. Rogler, S. Mark Scott, M. Simrén, P. Whorwell","doi":"10.1111/nmo.13762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nmo.13762","url":null,"abstract":"Chronic constipation is a common disorder with a reported prevalence ranging from 3% to 27% in the general population. Several management strategies, including diagnostic tests, empiric treatments, and specific treatments, have been developed. Our aim was to develop European guidelines for the clinical management of constipation.","PeriodicalId":19104,"journal":{"name":"Neurogastroenterology & Motility","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87168616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Philip Plaeke, J. D. De Man, A. Smet, S. Malhotra-Kumar, I. Pintelon, J. Timmermans, S. Nullens, P. Jorens, G. Hubens, B. D. De Winter
Sepsis is a severe pathological condition associated with systemic inflammation, intestinal inflammation, and gastrointestinal barrier dysfunction. Intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) has been demonstrated to detoxify lipopolysaccharide, an important mediator in the pathophysiology of sepsis. We investigated the effect of treatment with IAP on intestinal permeability, intestinal inflammation, and bacterial translocation.
{"title":"Effects of intestinal alkaline phosphatase on intestinal barrier function in a cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)‐induced mouse model for sepsis","authors":"Philip Plaeke, J. D. De Man, A. Smet, S. Malhotra-Kumar, I. Pintelon, J. Timmermans, S. Nullens, P. Jorens, G. Hubens, B. D. De Winter","doi":"10.1111/nmo.13754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nmo.13754","url":null,"abstract":"Sepsis is a severe pathological condition associated with systemic inflammation, intestinal inflammation, and gastrointestinal barrier dysfunction. Intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) has been demonstrated to detoxify lipopolysaccharide, an important mediator in the pathophysiology of sepsis. We investigated the effect of treatment with IAP on intestinal permeability, intestinal inflammation, and bacterial translocation.","PeriodicalId":19104,"journal":{"name":"Neurogastroenterology & Motility","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82655636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Spronk, L. Spronk, J. Lut, Eva Gnacke, Dionne Mijnes, B. V. van Munster, A. Kröner
Information on the prevalence of dysphagia in a generalized hospitalized population is lacking. We aimed to gain information on the recognition of dysphagia by nursing staff and the swallow characteristics of patients with and without dysphagia.
{"title":"Prevalence and characterization of dysphagia in hospitalized patients","authors":"P. Spronk, L. Spronk, J. Lut, Eva Gnacke, Dionne Mijnes, B. V. van Munster, A. Kröner","doi":"10.1111/nmo.13763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nmo.13763","url":null,"abstract":"Information on the prevalence of dysphagia in a generalized hospitalized population is lacking. We aimed to gain information on the recognition of dysphagia by nursing staff and the swallow characteristics of patients with and without dysphagia.","PeriodicalId":19104,"journal":{"name":"Neurogastroenterology & Motility","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91052446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Docsa, D. Bhattarai, Ádám Sipos, C. Wade, C. Cox, K. Uray
Although the development of ileus is widespread and negatively impacts patient outcomes, the mechanism by which ileus develops remains unclear. The purpose of our study was to examine the contribution of myogenic mechanisms to postoperative ileus development and the involvement of inflammation in mediating intestinal smooth muscle dysfunction.
{"title":"CXCL1 is upregulated during the development of ileus resulting in decreased intestinal contractile activity","authors":"T. Docsa, D. Bhattarai, Ádám Sipos, C. Wade, C. Cox, K. Uray","doi":"10.1111/nmo.13757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nmo.13757","url":null,"abstract":"Although the development of ileus is widespread and negatively impacts patient outcomes, the mechanism by which ileus develops remains unclear. The purpose of our study was to examine the contribution of myogenic mechanisms to postoperative ileus development and the involvement of inflammation in mediating intestinal smooth muscle dysfunction.","PeriodicalId":19104,"journal":{"name":"Neurogastroenterology & Motility","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77188436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Crowe, Hongxia Wang, B. Blakeney, S. Mahavadi, Kulpreet Singh, K. Murthy, J. Grider
l‐amino acids, such as monosodium glutamate (MSG), activate the umami receptor T1R1/T1R3. We previously showed increased peristalsis in response to activation of T1R1/T1R3 by MSG in mouse colon. However, the expression and function of these receptors in the different regions of the stomach are not clear.
{"title":"Expression and function of umami receptors T1R1/T1R3 in gastric smooth muscle","authors":"M. Crowe, Hongxia Wang, B. Blakeney, S. Mahavadi, Kulpreet Singh, K. Murthy, J. Grider","doi":"10.1111/nmo.13737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nmo.13737","url":null,"abstract":"l‐amino acids, such as monosodium glutamate (MSG), activate the umami receptor T1R1/T1R3. We previously showed increased peristalsis in response to activation of T1R1/T1R3 by MSG in mouse colon. However, the expression and function of these receptors in the different regions of the stomach are not clear.","PeriodicalId":19104,"journal":{"name":"Neurogastroenterology & Motility","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89839576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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