Sarah M O'Donovan, Erin K. Crowley, J. Brown, Ó. O’Sullivan, O. O'Leary, Suzanne Timmons, Y. Nolan, D. Clarke, N. Hyland, S. Joyce, A. Sullivan, C. O'Neill
A hallmark feature of Parkinson's disease (PD) is the build‐up of α‐synuclein protein aggregates throughout the brain; however α‐synuclein is also expressed in enteric neurons. Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms and pathology are frequently reported in PD, including constipation, increased intestinal permeability, glial pathology, and alterations to gut microbiota composition. α‐synuclein can propagate through neuronal systems but the site of origin of α‐synuclein pathology, whether it be the gut or the brain, is still unknown. Physical exercise is associated with alleviating symptoms of PD and with altering the composition of the gut microbiota.
{"title":"Nigral overexpression of α‐synuclein in a rat Parkinson’s disease model indicates alterations in the enteric nervous system and the gut microbiome","authors":"Sarah M O'Donovan, Erin K. Crowley, J. Brown, Ó. O’Sullivan, O. O'Leary, Suzanne Timmons, Y. Nolan, D. Clarke, N. Hyland, S. Joyce, A. Sullivan, C. O'Neill","doi":"10.1111/nmo.13726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nmo.13726","url":null,"abstract":"A hallmark feature of Parkinson's disease (PD) is the build‐up of α‐synuclein protein aggregates throughout the brain; however α‐synuclein is also expressed in enteric neurons. Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms and pathology are frequently reported in PD, including constipation, increased intestinal permeability, glial pathology, and alterations to gut microbiota composition. α‐synuclein can propagate through neuronal systems but the site of origin of α‐synuclein pathology, whether it be the gut or the brain, is still unknown. Physical exercise is associated with alleviating symptoms of PD and with altering the composition of the gut microbiota.","PeriodicalId":19104,"journal":{"name":"Neurogastroenterology & Motility","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85994113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Klinge, P. Borghammer, Sten Lund, T. Fedorova, K. Knudsen, A. Haase, J. Christiansen, K. Krogh
11C‐Donepezil positron emission tomography (PET) allows non‐invasive assessment of cholinergic innervation of visceral organs. We aimed to compare cholinergic innervation in the gut in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and in healthy controls (HC).
{"title":"Enteric cholinergic neuropathy in patients with diabetes: Non‐invasive assessment with positron emission tomography","authors":"M. Klinge, P. Borghammer, Sten Lund, T. Fedorova, K. Knudsen, A. Haase, J. Christiansen, K. Krogh","doi":"10.1111/nmo.13731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nmo.13731","url":null,"abstract":"11C‐Donepezil positron emission tomography (PET) allows non‐invasive assessment of cholinergic innervation of visceral organs. We aimed to compare cholinergic innervation in the gut in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and in healthy controls (HC).","PeriodicalId":19104,"journal":{"name":"Neurogastroenterology & Motility","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82474165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rui Ji, Peng Wang, Guan-jun Kou, X. Zuo, Xiao Wang, Yan-Qing Li
Low‐grade inflammation may be involved in the pathogenesis of functional dyspepsia (FD). We hypothesis that altered gastric permeability is involved in the onset and persistence of this disorder. Therefore, our aim was to evaluate gastric mucosal integrity and mast cell numbers in patients with FD.
{"title":"Impaired gastric mucosal integrity identified by confocal endomicroscopy in Helicobacter pylori‐negative functional dyspepsia","authors":"Rui Ji, Peng Wang, Guan-jun Kou, X. Zuo, Xiao Wang, Yan-Qing Li","doi":"10.1111/nmo.13719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nmo.13719","url":null,"abstract":"Low‐grade inflammation may be involved in the pathogenesis of functional dyspepsia (FD). We hypothesis that altered gastric permeability is involved in the onset and persistence of this disorder. Therefore, our aim was to evaluate gastric mucosal integrity and mast cell numbers in patients with FD.","PeriodicalId":19104,"journal":{"name":"Neurogastroenterology & Motility","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74754147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Z. Hossain, Hiroshi Ando, S. Unno, T. Nakamoto, Junichi Kitagawa
Difficulty swallowing represents a major health problem. Swallowing function is improved by incorporating weak acids in suspensions/food boluses, implicating acid‐sensing ion channels (ASICs) in the swallowing reflex. However, the functional involvement of ASICs in the swallowing reflex has not been fully elucidated.
{"title":"Functional involvement of acid‐sensing ion channel 3 in the swallowing reflex in rats","authors":"M. Z. Hossain, Hiroshi Ando, S. Unno, T. Nakamoto, Junichi Kitagawa","doi":"10.1111/nmo.13728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nmo.13728","url":null,"abstract":"Difficulty swallowing represents a major health problem. Swallowing function is improved by incorporating weak acids in suspensions/food boluses, implicating acid‐sensing ion channels (ASICs) in the swallowing reflex. However, the functional involvement of ASICs in the swallowing reflex has not been fully elucidated.","PeriodicalId":19104,"journal":{"name":"Neurogastroenterology & Motility","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73958277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Rossi, G. Gioacchini, G. Pengo, J. Suchodolski, A. Jergens, K. Allenspach, A. Gavazza, S. Scarpona, S. Berardi, L. Galosi, G. Bassotti, M. Cerquetella
Colonic dysmotility in dogs can cause different GI signs. Sometimes, histology of enterocolic biopsies does not reveal inflammatory infiltrates or mucosal lesions that are typically associated with clinical disease activity. It is speculated that, similarly to humans, colonic dysmotility may be anxiety‐based, although recent data demonstrate that irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) could result from acute infectious enteritis. Specific Lactobacillus spp. strains administered orally in humans induced the expression of μ‐opioid and cannabinoid receptors in mucosal enterocytes, modulating intestinal morphine‐like analgesic functions. We investigated the potential association of GI signs caused by colonic dysmotility and mucosal expression of cannabinoid receptors in intestinal epithelial cells and the number of mucosal mast cells.
{"title":"Enterocolic increase of cannabinoid receptor type 1 and type 2 and clinical improvement after probiotic administration in dogs with chronic signs of colonic dysmotility without mucosal inflammatory changes","authors":"G. Rossi, G. Gioacchini, G. Pengo, J. Suchodolski, A. Jergens, K. Allenspach, A. Gavazza, S. Scarpona, S. Berardi, L. Galosi, G. Bassotti, M. Cerquetella","doi":"10.1111/nmo.13717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nmo.13717","url":null,"abstract":"Colonic dysmotility in dogs can cause different GI signs. Sometimes, histology of enterocolic biopsies does not reveal inflammatory infiltrates or mucosal lesions that are typically associated with clinical disease activity. It is speculated that, similarly to humans, colonic dysmotility may be anxiety‐based, although recent data demonstrate that irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) could result from acute infectious enteritis. Specific Lactobacillus spp. strains administered orally in humans induced the expression of μ‐opioid and cannabinoid receptors in mucosal enterocytes, modulating intestinal morphine‐like analgesic functions. We investigated the potential association of GI signs caused by colonic dysmotility and mucosal expression of cannabinoid receptors in intestinal epithelial cells and the number of mucosal mast cells.","PeriodicalId":19104,"journal":{"name":"Neurogastroenterology & Motility","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84800552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The low FODMAP (fermentable oligo‐, di‐, monosaccharides, and polyols) diet reduces functional gastrointestinal symptoms (FGID) when implemented by dietitian‐delivered education in clinical trials, but it is unknown how well the diet is followed in routine clinical care and if differences exist when implemented by physician or dietitian. This study aimed to evaluate the real‐world experience of patients recommended the diet.
{"title":"Implementation of the low FODMAP diet in functional gastrointestinal symptoms: A real‐world experience","authors":"C. Tuck, D. Reed, J. Muir, S. Vanner","doi":"10.1111/nmo.13730","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nmo.13730","url":null,"abstract":"The low FODMAP (fermentable oligo‐, di‐, monosaccharides, and polyols) diet reduces functional gastrointestinal symptoms (FGID) when implemented by dietitian‐delivered education in clinical trials, but it is unknown how well the diet is followed in routine clinical care and if differences exist when implemented by physician or dietitian. This study aimed to evaluate the real‐world experience of patients recommended the diet.","PeriodicalId":19104,"journal":{"name":"Neurogastroenterology & Motility","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91100321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Anderson, P. Carlson, Marcello C. Laurenti, A. Vella, M. Camilleri, Anshuman C. Desai, Kelly J. Feuerhak, A. Bharucha
Nutrient‐mediated release of cholecystokinin and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) regulates gastric emptying (GE) via duodenogastric feedback mechanisms; GLP‐1 also regulates postprandial insulin secretion. Some patients with functional upper gastrointestinal symptoms have impaired glucose tolerance during enteral dextrose infusion. Our hypothesis was that variants in CCK, GLP‐1, and TCF7L2 (transcription factor 7‐like 2 locus), which is associated with greatest genetic risk for development of type 2 diabetes mellitus, are associated with GE and independently with glucose tolerance. Our aims were to evaluate the associations between these GE, glucose tolerance, and these single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).
{"title":"Association between allelic variants in the glucagon‐like peptide 1 and cholecystokinin receptor genes with gastric emptying and glucose tolerance","authors":"B. Anderson, P. Carlson, Marcello C. Laurenti, A. Vella, M. Camilleri, Anshuman C. Desai, Kelly J. Feuerhak, A. Bharucha","doi":"10.1111/nmo.13724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nmo.13724","url":null,"abstract":"Nutrient‐mediated release of cholecystokinin and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) regulates gastric emptying (GE) via duodenogastric feedback mechanisms; GLP‐1 also regulates postprandial insulin secretion. Some patients with functional upper gastrointestinal symptoms have impaired glucose tolerance during enteral dextrose infusion. Our hypothesis was that variants in CCK, GLP‐1, and TCF7L2 (transcription factor 7‐like 2 locus), which is associated with greatest genetic risk for development of type 2 diabetes mellitus, are associated with GE and independently with glucose tolerance. Our aims were to evaluate the associations between these GE, glucose tolerance, and these single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).","PeriodicalId":19104,"journal":{"name":"Neurogastroenterology & Motility","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85049834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anisha Lynch-Godrei, Y. De Repentigny, R. Yaworski, Sabrina Gagnon, J. Butcher, J. Manoogian, A. Stintzi, R. Kothary
Dystonia musculorum (Dstdt) is a murine disease caused by recessive mutations in the dystonin (Dst) gene. Loss of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) sensory neurons, ataxia, and dystonic postures before death by postnatal day 18 (P18) is a hallmark feature. Recently we observed gas accumulation and discoloration in the small intestine and cecum in Dstdt mice by P15. The human disease resulting from dystonin loss‐of‐function, known as hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type VI (HSAN‐VI), has also been associated with gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms including chronic diarrhea and abdominal pain. As neuronal dystonin isoforms are expressed in the GI tract, we hypothesized that dystonin loss‐of‐function in Dstdt‐27J enteric nervous system (ENS) neurons resulted in neurodegeneration associated with the GI abnormalities.
{"title":"Characterization of gastrointestinal pathologies in the dystonia musculorum mouse model for hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type VI","authors":"Anisha Lynch-Godrei, Y. De Repentigny, R. Yaworski, Sabrina Gagnon, J. Butcher, J. Manoogian, A. Stintzi, R. Kothary","doi":"10.1111/nmo.13773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nmo.13773","url":null,"abstract":"Dystonia musculorum (Dstdt) is a murine disease caused by recessive mutations in the dystonin (Dst) gene. Loss of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) sensory neurons, ataxia, and dystonic postures before death by postnatal day 18 (P18) is a hallmark feature. Recently we observed gas accumulation and discoloration in the small intestine and cecum in Dstdt mice by P15. The human disease resulting from dystonin loss‐of‐function, known as hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type VI (HSAN‐VI), has also been associated with gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms including chronic diarrhea and abdominal pain. As neuronal dystonin isoforms are expressed in the GI tract, we hypothesized that dystonin loss‐of‐function in Dstdt‐27J enteric nervous system (ENS) neurons resulted in neurodegeneration associated with the GI abnormalities.","PeriodicalId":19104,"journal":{"name":"Neurogastroenterology & Motility","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73130451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study attempted to provide the effects and mechanisms of two cannabinoids, O‐1602 and cannabidiol (CBD), on colonic motility of 2,4,6‐trinitro‐benzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) colitis.
{"title":"Effects of O‐1602 and CBD on TNBS‐induced colonic disturbances","authors":"DanDan Wei, HuiChao Wang, JingNan Yang, ZhiFeng Dai, Ruilin Yang, ShuangShuang Meng, Yongyu Li, Xuhong Lin","doi":"10.1111/nmo.13756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nmo.13756","url":null,"abstract":"This study attempted to provide the effects and mechanisms of two cannabinoids, O‐1602 and cannabidiol (CBD), on colonic motility of 2,4,6‐trinitro‐benzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) colitis.","PeriodicalId":19104,"journal":{"name":"Neurogastroenterology & Motility","volume":"79 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76832666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Débora Furlan Rissato, Ana Paula de Santi Rampazzo, S. Borges, F. C. Sousa, C. Busso, N. Buttow, M. Natali
Deoxynivalenol (DON), a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium spp., is commonly found in cereals ingested by humans and animals. Its ingestion is correlated with hepatic, hematologic, renal, splenic, cardiac, gastrointestinal, and neural damages, according to dose, duration of exposure and species. In this work, the effects of the ingestion of DON‐contaminated diet at concentrations considered tolerable for human and animal intake were assessed.
{"title":"Chronic ingestion of deoxynivalenol‐contaminated diet dose‐dependently decreases the area of myenteric neurons and gliocytes of rats","authors":"Débora Furlan Rissato, Ana Paula de Santi Rampazzo, S. Borges, F. C. Sousa, C. Busso, N. Buttow, M. Natali","doi":"10.1111/nmo.13770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nmo.13770","url":null,"abstract":"Deoxynivalenol (DON), a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium spp., is commonly found in cereals ingested by humans and animals. Its ingestion is correlated with hepatic, hematologic, renal, splenic, cardiac, gastrointestinal, and neural damages, according to dose, duration of exposure and species. In this work, the effects of the ingestion of DON‐contaminated diet at concentrations considered tolerable for human and animal intake were assessed.","PeriodicalId":19104,"journal":{"name":"Neurogastroenterology & Motility","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83015333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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