Pub Date : 2021-12-21DOI: 10.26641/1997-9665.2021.2.39-52
M. Pankiv, Y. Paltov, Z. Z. Masna, I. Chelpanova
Background. The world and domestic literature from time to time report about the problems of uncontrolled drug abuse. This problem is associated not only with the negative impact on the morphological structure, but also is a serious factor which, if it has been exposing for a long time, leads to disability and death. Despite a significant number of studies in this area, the problem of changes in the morphometric parameters of the intervertebral disc’s structural components under chronic exposure of opioid agents still remains unresolved. That is why the study of morphometric characteristics of the intervertebral disc’s structural components under experimental opioid exposure will be interesting for both - morphologists and practical traumatologists. Objective. To study the morphometric parameters of the structural components of the intervertebral disc in rats at different times of the experimental opioid exposure and after its withdrawal. Methods. The objects of the study were 61 mature outbred male rats, weight - 80-135g, age - 4.5-7.5 months. Animals were injected with nalbuphine intramuscularly once daily (at 10-11 am) for 42 days. Histological specimens were stained with alcyan blue (for the study of the collagen fibers thickness of the anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments) and PAS-reaction (for the study of the gelatinous nucleus and its capsule thickness). For measurements of collagen fiber thickness, were taken images at x100 magnification, for measurements of the gelatinous nucleus and its capsule thickness - at x40 magnification. Measurements were performed with ImageJver software. 1.51 using the tool "straight" for linear measurements. Results. Thus, changes in the collagen fibers thickness of the anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments during the experiment were uneven and had different tendencies. The thickness of the posterior longitudinal fibers changed mostly within the central trend of the control group with a significant decrease only at the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th weeks. However, more significant, as for pathogenetic changes, was a sharp decrease in the number of fibers thicker than 25 μm in animals of the experimental group after 2 weeks of the study, and the maximum thickness at 5th and 6th week was only 31.41 μm and 35.24 μm whereas the maximum thickness of the control group was 81.48 μm. In the withdrawal group, only a decrease in sites with nuclear edema can be considered positive, which is displayed by morphometrical decrease in the maximum value, but the central trend remains much lower than in the control group, which also indicates the predominance of decompensatory changes. Conclusion. During the whole experiment, we observed similar changes in the nucleus capsule thickness: non-systemic fluctuations of the central parameters up to the 5th week and a sharp decompensation at the 6th week, which was manifested by a sharp decrease in thickness. Simultaneously, we observed numerous sites of edema and thickening
{"title":"Morphometric characteristics of the structural components of the intervertebral disc in rats at different times of the experimental opioid exposure and after its withdrawal","authors":"M. Pankiv, Y. Paltov, Z. Z. Masna, I. Chelpanova","doi":"10.26641/1997-9665.2021.2.39-52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26641/1997-9665.2021.2.39-52","url":null,"abstract":"Background. The world and domestic literature from time to time report about the problems of uncontrolled drug abuse. This problem is associated not only with the negative impact on the morphological structure, but also is a serious factor which, if it has been exposing for a long time, leads to disability and death. Despite a significant number of studies in this area, the problem of changes in the morphometric parameters of the intervertebral disc’s structural components under chronic exposure of opioid agents still remains unresolved. That is why the study of morphometric characteristics of the intervertebral disc’s structural components under experimental opioid exposure will be interesting for both - morphologists and practical traumatologists. Objective. To study the morphometric parameters of the structural components of the intervertebral disc in rats at different times of the experimental opioid exposure and after its withdrawal. Methods. The objects of the study were 61 mature outbred male rats, weight - 80-135g, age - 4.5-7.5 months. Animals were injected with nalbuphine intramuscularly once daily (at 10-11 am) for 42 days. Histological specimens were stained with alcyan blue (for the study of the collagen fibers thickness of the anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments) and PAS-reaction (for the study of the gelatinous nucleus and its capsule thickness). For measurements of collagen fiber thickness, were taken images at x100 magnification, for measurements of the gelatinous nucleus and its capsule thickness - at x40 magnification. Measurements were performed with ImageJver software. 1.51 using the tool \"straight\" for linear measurements. Results. Thus, changes in the collagen fibers thickness of the anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments during the experiment were uneven and had different tendencies. The thickness of the posterior longitudinal fibers changed mostly within the central trend of the control group with a significant decrease only at the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th weeks. However, more significant, as for pathogenetic changes, was a sharp decrease in the number of fibers thicker than 25 μm in animals of the experimental group after 2 weeks of the study, and the maximum thickness at 5th and 6th week was only 31.41 μm and 35.24 μm whereas the maximum thickness of the control group was 81.48 μm. In the withdrawal group, only a decrease in sites with nuclear edema can be considered positive, which is displayed by morphometrical decrease in the maximum value, but the central trend remains much lower than in the control group, which also indicates the predominance of decompensatory changes. Conclusion. During the whole experiment, we observed similar changes in the nucleus capsule thickness: non-systemic fluctuations of the central parameters up to the 5th week and a sharp decompensation at the 6th week, which was manifested by a sharp decrease in thickness. Simultaneously, we observed numerous sites of edema and thickening ","PeriodicalId":19107,"journal":{"name":"Morphologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86229835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-21DOI: 10.26641/1997-9665.2021.2.68-76
P. Kobeza
Background. Over the past 50 years, specific methods for studying the ultrastructure of the heart have been rapidly developed. The complex interaction of various research methods makes it possible to more accurately form a representation of the spatial structure of the components of the myocardial contractile apparatus. Objective. To conduct a content analysis of the results of the study of the composition of the myocardial contractile apparatus. Conduct a broad analysis of literary references and form an understanding of the spatial structure of the components of the myocardial contractile apparatus in the prospect of research at different levels of cell organization. Methods. Processing of information sources was carried out by the method of complex meta-analysis of data analysis. Results. The morphological characteristics of the myocardial contractile apparatus include a number of broad profile elements. The system of composite elements of the contractile apparatus of cardiomyocytes is the most formed and developed in the structure of the cytoplasmic complex of organelles in the group of contractile cardiomyocytes. The complex of the contractile apparatus is represented by myofibrils, each of which consists of thousands of sarcomeres telophragm connected in series, containing actin (thin) and myosin (thick) myofilaments. The main methods for studying the contractile apparatus of the myocardium include how immunohistochemistry and transmission electron microscopy provide an understanding of the structure of components at various levels of organization of histoarchitectonics and ultrastructure of organelles.. The contractile apparatus of the myocardium includes species-specific organelles, which basically belong to a number of basic hardware systems of cardiomyocytes. Conclusion. Immunohistochemical methods should clearly show the localization of individual tipes of elements in the protein structure of the contractile apparatus of the myocardium, and therefore should include in the study methods the use of the following immunohistochemical markers that can show the configuration of thin and thick myofilaments. The results of analytical review and analysis of information sources on the characteristics of the components of the myofibrillar complex gives a choice of specific research methods and forms a more detailed understanding of the spatial organization of the morphology of the myocardial contractile apparatus.
{"title":"The morphology of the elements of the myocardial contractile apparatus question and research prospects","authors":"P. Kobeza","doi":"10.26641/1997-9665.2021.2.68-76","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26641/1997-9665.2021.2.68-76","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Over the past 50 years, specific methods for studying the ultrastructure of the heart have been rapidly developed. The complex interaction of various research methods makes it possible to more accurately form a representation of the spatial structure of the components of the myocardial contractile apparatus. Objective. To conduct a content analysis of the results of the study of the composition of the myocardial contractile apparatus. Conduct a broad analysis of literary references and form an understanding of the spatial structure of the components of the myocardial contractile apparatus in the prospect of research at different levels of cell organization. Methods. Processing of information sources was carried out by the method of complex meta-analysis of data analysis. Results. The morphological characteristics of the myocardial contractile apparatus include a number of broad profile elements. The system of composite elements of the contractile apparatus of cardiomyocytes is the most formed and developed in the structure of the cytoplasmic complex of organelles in the group of contractile cardiomyocytes. The complex of the contractile apparatus is represented by myofibrils, each of which consists of thousands of sarcomeres telophragm connected in series, containing actin (thin) and myosin (thick) myofilaments. The main methods for studying the contractile apparatus of the myocardium include how immunohistochemistry and transmission electron microscopy provide an understanding of the structure of components at various levels of organization of histoarchitectonics and ultrastructure of organelles.. The contractile apparatus of the myocardium includes species-specific organelles, which basically belong to a number of basic hardware systems of cardiomyocytes. Conclusion. Immunohistochemical methods should clearly show the localization of individual tipes of elements in the protein structure of the contractile apparatus of the myocardium, and therefore should include in the study methods the use of the following immunohistochemical markers that can show the configuration of thin and thick myofilaments. The results of analytical review and analysis of information sources on the characteristics of the components of the myofibrillar complex gives a choice of specific research methods and forms a more detailed understanding of the spatial organization of the morphology of the myocardial contractile apparatus.","PeriodicalId":19107,"journal":{"name":"Morphologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88570937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-21DOI: 10.26641/1997-9665.2021.2.53-58
S. Popko, V. Yevtushenko
Background. There is a progressive increase of respiratory allergic diseases nowadays in the world, made it necessary to study the participation of the components of the immune system in these processes. From the point of view of modern aspects about the organs of the immune system, interesting are the patterns of morphogenesis and function of bronchus associated lymphoid tissue, occupied a special place in the immunological protection of the body due to the large area of contact with various antigens. Morphogenesis and reactive changes in the local immunity in respiratory system in conditions of allergic inflammation remain urgent issue of modern morphology. Objective. To study the changes in diffuse lymphoid tissue of bronchi and lungs of guinea pigs sensitized with ovalbumin. Methods. We have studied the lung of 48 guinea pigs, using histological, immunohistochemical, morphometric, statistical methods, under conditions of experimental ovalbumin-induced allergic inflammation, assessed the average number of lymphocytes, macrophages and plasma cells in the diffuse lymphoid tissue. Results. The average number of lymphocytes in diffuse lymphoid tissue of bronchi and lungs increased from the 23rd day of observation and remained at a high level until the end of the experiment, the maximum was during the early period of the development of allergic inflammation, the increasing coefficient was 4.7. The average number of plasma cells also acquired maximum elevation in the early period of allergic process, the increasing coefficient was 2.0. The most significant average number of macrophages was on the 23rd day of observation with same increasing coefficient. Among all types of immunocompetent cells of diffuse lymphoid tissue in bronchi and lungs, T-lymphocytes prevailed during the experiment elevated almost by 5 times. Conclusions. In the early period of development of experimental ovalbumin-induced allergic inflammation, the specific resistance of the respiratory system manifests itself in the form of activation of local links of cellular and humoral adaptive immunity, as evidenced by the dynamics of changes in the average number of lymphocytes (the maximum increasing coefficient 4.7 in the 1st experimental group), macrophages and plasma cells (maximum increasing coefficient 2.0 in the 1st experimental group) of diffuse lymphoid tissue of bronchi and lungs of guinea pigs.
{"title":"Dynamics of quantitative changes of diffuse lymphoid tissue cells of bronchi and lungs of guinea pigs sensitized with ovalbumin","authors":"S. Popko, V. Yevtushenko","doi":"10.26641/1997-9665.2021.2.53-58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26641/1997-9665.2021.2.53-58","url":null,"abstract":"Background. There is a progressive increase of respiratory allergic diseases nowadays in the world, made it necessary to study the participation of the components of the immune system in these processes. From the point of view of modern aspects about the organs of the immune system, interesting are the patterns of morphogenesis and function of bronchus associated lymphoid tissue, occupied a special place in the immunological protection of the body due to the large area of contact with various antigens. Morphogenesis and reactive changes in the local immunity in respiratory system in conditions of allergic inflammation remain urgent issue of modern morphology. Objective. To study the changes in diffuse lymphoid tissue of bronchi and lungs of guinea pigs sensitized with ovalbumin. Methods. We have studied the lung of 48 guinea pigs, using histological, immunohistochemical, morphometric, statistical methods, under conditions of experimental ovalbumin-induced allergic inflammation, assessed the average number of lymphocytes, macrophages and plasma cells in the diffuse lymphoid tissue. Results. The average number of lymphocytes in diffuse lymphoid tissue of bronchi and lungs increased from the 23rd day of observation and remained at a high level until the end of the experiment, the maximum was during the early period of the development of allergic inflammation, the increasing coefficient was 4.7. The average number of plasma cells also acquired maximum elevation in the early period of allergic process, the increasing coefficient was 2.0. The most significant average number of macrophages was on the 23rd day of observation with same increasing coefficient. Among all types of immunocompetent cells of diffuse lymphoid tissue in bronchi and lungs, T-lymphocytes prevailed during the experiment elevated almost by 5 times. Conclusions. In the early period of development of experimental ovalbumin-induced allergic inflammation, the specific resistance of the respiratory system manifests itself in the form of activation of local links of cellular and humoral adaptive immunity, as evidenced by the dynamics of changes in the average number of lymphocytes (the maximum increasing coefficient 4.7 in the 1st experimental group), macrophages and plasma cells (maximum increasing coefficient 2.0 in the 1st experimental group) of diffuse lymphoid tissue of bronchi and lungs of guinea pigs.","PeriodicalId":19107,"journal":{"name":"Morphologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88145504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-21DOI: 10.26641/1997-9665.2021.2.25-30
K. Ivasivka, Y. Paltov, Z. Z. Masna, I. Chelpanova
Background. The problem of uncontrolled use of opioid drugs is extremely relevant based on the data of domestic and world statistics which are covered in the scientific literature. That is why the study of indicators of morphometric characteristics of the laryngeal mucosa under opioid exposure under experimental opioid exposure will be of interest to both morphologists and practical otorhinolaryngologists. Objective: To study the morphometric parameters of the laryngeal mucosa in normal at different times of the experimental opioid effect and its cancellation. Methods. The material of the study were sexually mature, outbred rats - males in the amount of 61 animals, weighing 80 - 135 g, aged 4.5 - 7.5 months. Histological specimens were prepared according to conventional methods. All morphometric studies were performed using primary (unedited) photographs taken on a Meiji MT4300 LE microscope, Canon EOS 550D x100 lens. All statistical calculations were performed using RStudio v. 1.2.5042. Results. Throughout the experiment, the change of morphometric parameters of the laryngeal mucosa with signs of wavy growth and decline was clearly observed at all times. More positive was the dynamics of morphometric parameters after the abolition of the opioid analgesic, which hypothetically suggests the process of recovery of the mucosa, even after prolonged administration of the opioid.
背景。根据科学文献中涵盖的国内和世界统计数据，不受控制地使用阿片类药物的问题是极其相关的。这就是为什么在实验性阿片类药物暴露下喉粘膜形态学特征指标的研究将引起形态学家和实际耳鼻喉科医生的兴趣。目的:研究正常喉黏膜在不同时间阿片类药物作用及其消除的形态学参数。方法。该研究的材料是性成熟的、近亲繁殖的大鼠——雄性大鼠61只，体重80 - 135克，年龄4.5 - 7.5个月。按常规方法制备组织学标本。所有形态测量学研究使用明治MT4300 LE显微镜，佳能EOS 550D x100镜头拍摄的原始(未经编辑)照片进行。所有统计计算均使用RStudio v. 1.2.5042进行。结果。在整个实验过程中，我们可以清楚地观察到喉部粘膜形态计量参数的变化，呈波浪状生长和下降的迹象。更积极的是停用阿片类镇痛药后形态学参数的动态变化，这可能表明即使在长时间使用阿片类镇痛药后，粘膜也会恢复。
{"title":"Morphometric characteristics of the mucous membrane and the cartilaginous component of the larynx are normal at different times during the experimental opioid effect and during withdrawal","authors":"K. Ivasivka, Y. Paltov, Z. Z. Masna, I. Chelpanova","doi":"10.26641/1997-9665.2021.2.25-30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26641/1997-9665.2021.2.25-30","url":null,"abstract":"Background. The problem of uncontrolled use of opioid drugs is extremely relevant based on the data of domestic and world statistics which are covered in the scientific literature. That is why the study of indicators of morphometric characteristics of the laryngeal mucosa under opioid exposure under experimental opioid exposure will be of interest to both morphologists and practical otorhinolaryngologists. Objective: To study the morphometric parameters of the laryngeal mucosa in normal at different times of the experimental opioid effect and its cancellation. Methods. The material of the study were sexually mature, outbred rats - males in the amount of 61 animals, weighing 80 - 135 g, aged 4.5 - 7.5 months. Histological specimens were prepared according to conventional methods. All morphometric studies were performed using primary (unedited) photographs taken on a Meiji MT4300 LE microscope, Canon EOS 550D x100 lens. All statistical calculations were performed using RStudio v. 1.2.5042. Results. Throughout the experiment, the change of morphometric parameters of the laryngeal mucosa with signs of wavy growth and decline was clearly observed at all times. More positive was the dynamics of morphometric parameters after the abolition of the opioid analgesic, which hypothetically suggests the process of recovery of the mucosa, even after prolonged administration of the opioid.","PeriodicalId":19107,"journal":{"name":"Morphologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89626471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-21DOI: 10.26641/1997-9665.2021.2.7-15
N. Stanishevska
Background. The activation, proliferation and migration capabilities of stellate pancreatocytes are guaranteed by a number of signaling molecular mechanisms that support the interaction of tumor cells with the PSC and determine the neoplastic process. Objective The review is a continuation of aт articles series devoted to the modern understanding of the role and functions of stellate pancreatocytes, namely, their involvement in interaction with cancer cells and signaling molecular pathways that provide synergism of the stellate pancreatocyte-cancer cell system. Methods. Data processing was carried out by the method of complex material analysis. Results. The Нedgehog signaling pathway provides interaction between PSC and tumor cells, which involves the leading mediator of this pathway - sHH (sonic hedgehog), the overexpression of which is recorded in the tumor tissue of the pancreas and ensures the formation of the tumor stroma. Stellate pancreatocytes also trigger the HGF / c-Met / survivin signaling pathway for invasion and metastasis. The activation of the PSCs themselves may be mediated by serotonin via the RhoA / ROCK signaling pathway. While the proliferation and migration of these cells, activated by alcohol, HNE (human neutrophil elastase), PDGF, IL-33 PSC are regulated by the MAP kinase and PI3K pathways. The Wnt signaling pathway promotes collagen accumulation. Through the AMPK / mTOR pathway, factor FTY720 induces apoptosis and inhibits the autophagy of stellate pancreatocytes. The interaction of PSC and tumor cells is also mediated through Notch and TGF-β, and through the Hippo signaling pathway with the participation of YAP / TAZ factors, it is possible to suppress the fibrotic activity of PSC. The interaction of stellate pancreatocytes and tumor cells is reflected in a direct correlation between a decrease in autophagy and apoptosis of stellate pancreatocytes and suppression of invasion and migration of tumor cells. This interaction can be mediated by ERK1 / 2 kinase. Among the factors secreted by tumor cells and causing PSC activation are: growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), PAI-1 protein, translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E), sHH (involving PSC in pain deployment), Exo-Pan and Exo-Mia exosomes (engaging PSCs in carcinogenesis). Deactivation is mediated by colony stimulating factor 1 (CSF1R, cytokine). In turn, stellate pancreatocytes secrete the chemokine CXCL1, which stimulates the migration and invasion of tumor cells, exosomes with multiple miRNAs, which stimulate the proliferation and migration of cancer cells. Сonclusion. The activation of stellate pancreatocytes, which is necessary for the implementation of their fibrotic functions, is mediated through the RhoA / ROCK signaling pathway via serotonin. The Hippo pathway (activation) and AMPK / mTOR (suppression of autophagy and activation of apoptosis) are also involved in the regulation of the activity of stellate pancreatocytes. The interaction between the tumor cell and stellate
{"title":"Signaling pathways involved in pancreatic stellate cells activity and interaction with pancreatic cancer cells","authors":"N. Stanishevska","doi":"10.26641/1997-9665.2021.2.7-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26641/1997-9665.2021.2.7-15","url":null,"abstract":"Background. The activation, proliferation and migration capabilities of stellate pancreatocytes are guaranteed by a number of signaling molecular mechanisms that support the interaction of tumor cells with the PSC and determine the neoplastic process. Objective The review is a continuation of aт articles series devoted to the modern understanding of the role and functions of stellate pancreatocytes, namely, their involvement in interaction with cancer cells and signaling molecular pathways that provide synergism of the stellate pancreatocyte-cancer cell system. Methods. Data processing was carried out by the method of complex material analysis. Results. The Нedgehog signaling pathway provides interaction between PSC and tumor cells, which involves the leading mediator of this pathway - sHH (sonic hedgehog), the overexpression of which is recorded in the tumor tissue of the pancreas and ensures the formation of the tumor stroma. Stellate pancreatocytes also trigger the HGF / c-Met / survivin signaling pathway for invasion and metastasis. The activation of the PSCs themselves may be mediated by serotonin via the RhoA / ROCK signaling pathway. While the proliferation and migration of these cells, activated by alcohol, HNE (human neutrophil elastase), PDGF, IL-33 PSC are regulated by the MAP kinase and PI3K pathways. The Wnt signaling pathway promotes collagen accumulation. Through the AMPK / mTOR pathway, factor FTY720 induces apoptosis and inhibits the autophagy of stellate pancreatocytes. The interaction of PSC and tumor cells is also mediated through Notch and TGF-β, and through the Hippo signaling pathway with the participation of YAP / TAZ factors, it is possible to suppress the fibrotic activity of PSC. The interaction of stellate pancreatocytes and tumor cells is reflected in a direct correlation between a decrease in autophagy and apoptosis of stellate pancreatocytes and suppression of invasion and migration of tumor cells. This interaction can be mediated by ERK1 / 2 kinase. Among the factors secreted by tumor cells and causing PSC activation are: growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), PAI-1 protein, translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E), sHH (involving PSC in pain deployment), Exo-Pan and Exo-Mia exosomes (engaging PSCs in carcinogenesis). Deactivation is mediated by colony stimulating factor 1 (CSF1R, cytokine). In turn, stellate pancreatocytes secrete the chemokine CXCL1, which stimulates the migration and invasion of tumor cells, exosomes with multiple miRNAs, which stimulate the proliferation and migration of cancer cells. Сonclusion. The activation of stellate pancreatocytes, which is necessary for the implementation of their fibrotic functions, is mediated through the RhoA / ROCK signaling pathway via serotonin. The Hippo pathway (activation) and AMPK / mTOR (suppression of autophagy and activation of apoptosis) are also involved in the regulation of the activity of stellate pancreatocytes. The interaction between the tumor cell and stellate ","PeriodicalId":19107,"journal":{"name":"Morphologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85035763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-21DOI: 10.26641/1997-9665.2021.2.89-91
Yu.V. Silkina
У навчальному посібнику представлено матеріал з основ медичної ембріології, викладений відповідно до програми навчальної дисципліни “Гістологія, цитологія та ембріологія”. Обсяг матеріалу стосовно спадкових вад та основ тератології відповідає навчальній програмі з патологічної фізіології. Важливим у представленому посібнику є матеріал, який стосується принципів пренатального моніторингу розвитку дитини із зазначенням критеріїв його оцінки та строків скринінгових обстежень. Посібник насичений оригінальним ілюстративним матеріалом, частина якого представлена оригінальними фотографіями з архіву “Міжобласний центр медичної генетики імені П. М. Веропотвеляна” ДОР (м. Кривий Ріг), “Дніпропетровський спеціалізований клінічний медичний центр матері та дитини ім. проф. М. Ф. Руднєва” ДОР, анатомічного музею кафедри анатомії людини Дніпропетровської медичної академії МОЗ України. Призначений для студентів медичних навчальних закладів ІІІ–IV рівнів акредитації, а також для викладачів, інтернів, сімейних лікарів, педіатрів, дитячих хірургів, акушерів-гінекологів, репродуктологів, генетиків, спеціалістів з пренатальної діагностики та інших.
{"title":"Сілкіна Ю. В. Медична ембріологія з основами тератології : навчальний посібник для студентів вищих навчальних закладів МОЗ України","authors":"Yu.V. Silkina","doi":"10.26641/1997-9665.2021.2.89-91","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26641/1997-9665.2021.2.89-91","url":null,"abstract":"У навчальному посібнику представлено матеріал з основ медичної ембріології, викладений відповідно до програми навчальної дисципліни “Гістологія, цитологія та ембріологія”. Обсяг матеріалу стосовно спадкових вад та основ тератології відповідає навчальній програмі з патологічної фізіології. Важливим у представленому посібнику є матеріал, який стосується принципів пренатального моніторингу розвитку дитини із зазначенням критеріїв його оцінки та строків скринінгових обстежень. Посібник насичений оригінальним ілюстративним матеріалом, частина якого представлена оригінальними фотографіями з архіву “Міжобласний центр медичної генетики імені П. М. Веропотвеляна” ДОР (м. Кривий Ріг), “Дніпропетровський спеціалізований клінічний медичний центр матері та дитини ім. проф. М. Ф. Руднєва” ДОР, анатомічного музею кафедри анатомії людини Дніпропетровської медичної академії МОЗ України. Призначений для студентів медичних навчальних закладів ІІІ–IV рівнів акредитації, а також для викладачів, інтернів, сімейних лікарів, педіатрів, дитячих хірургів, акушерів-гінекологів, репродуктологів, генетиків, спеціалістів з пренатальної діагностики та інших.","PeriodicalId":19107,"journal":{"name":"Morphologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78682920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-21DOI: 10.26641/1997-9665.2021.2.16-24
N. Galatenko, D. Kuliesh, V. Gritsenko, L. Narazhayko
Background. The development of biocompatible polymeric implant materials and providing them with biological activity is an urgent task that can significantly increase the effectiveness of such materials when used in medical practice. Objective. Investigation of the interaction of connective tissue culture matrix cells with a prolonged form of the proteolytic enzyme lysozyme as part of a polyurethane implant in vitro and study of the effect of this form on cells and tissues during implantation in experimental animals in vivo. Methods. In order to study the possible cytotoxicity of the components of polymer composite materials and the effect of lysozyme on the growth and development of the culture of fibroblastic elements, studies were performed by tissue culture in vitro. Polymeric composite materials based on polyurethaneurea without and with lysozyme were implanted into the body of white laboratory rats of the Wistar line. Cellular responses of the body after implantation were studied by light microscopy by analysis of histological micropreparations. Results. Biological studies have assessed the effect of prolonged lysozyme on cells and tissues in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion. The fibroblast tissue culture method showed the effectiveness of biologically active polyurethaneureas with prolonged release of lysozyme, which was expressed in the prolongation of the dynamics of growth and development of cellular elements in vitro. It has been shown that lysozyme in the composition of polymer composite materials had a biological effect and helped to reduce the cellular response to the implantation of polymer samples, accelerating the formation of connective tissue capsules around the implants.
{"title":"Influence of the prolonged form of lysocyme in the composition of polyurethane implant on cells and tissues in vitro and in vivo.","authors":"N. Galatenko, D. Kuliesh, V. Gritsenko, L. Narazhayko","doi":"10.26641/1997-9665.2021.2.16-24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26641/1997-9665.2021.2.16-24","url":null,"abstract":"Background. The development of biocompatible polymeric implant materials and providing them with biological activity is an urgent task that can significantly increase the effectiveness of such materials when used in medical practice. Objective. Investigation of the interaction of connective tissue culture matrix cells with a prolonged form of the proteolytic enzyme lysozyme as part of a polyurethane implant in vitro and study of the effect of this form on cells and tissues during implantation in experimental animals in vivo. Methods. In order to study the possible cytotoxicity of the components of polymer composite materials and the effect of lysozyme on the growth and development of the culture of fibroblastic elements, studies were performed by tissue culture in vitro. Polymeric composite materials based on polyurethaneurea without and with lysozyme were implanted into the body of white laboratory rats of the Wistar line. Cellular responses of the body after implantation were studied by light microscopy by analysis of histological micropreparations. Results. Biological studies have assessed the effect of prolonged lysozyme on cells and tissues in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion. The fibroblast tissue culture method showed the effectiveness of biologically active polyurethaneureas with prolonged release of lysozyme, which was expressed in the prolongation of the dynamics of growth and development of cellular elements in vitro. It has been shown that lysozyme in the composition of polymer composite materials had a biological effect and helped to reduce the cellular response to the implantation of polymer samples, accelerating the formation of connective tissue capsules around the implants.","PeriodicalId":19107,"journal":{"name":"Morphologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80873318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-21DOI: 10.26641/1997-9665.2021.2.59-67
I. Shpon'ka, O. Bondarenko, I. Molokova
Background. Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is one of the most widespread malignancies worldwide; its morbidity rate is on the third place amidst the most common cancers. According to present data, such molecular markers as CyD1, HIF1α, LC3B, p21, p53 as well as the detection of KRAS gene amplification could be used for evaluation of tumor grade, its invasiveness, risk of metastases, sensitivity to anti-EGFR treatment, and further prognosis for patient’s survive. Objective. The purpose of this study was to make a literature review of the CRC molecular diagnostic approaches and demonstrate 5 cases of colorectal carcinoma in patients of Dnipro-city region in purpose to reveal their molecular-genetic features. Methods. Five formalin fixed paraffin embedded specimens of colorectal carcinoma from patients of Dnipro-city region were evaluated pathomorphologically with histological, immunohistochemical and fluorescence in situ hybridization methods. Results. Case study revealed increased level of p53, p21, and LC3B expression, minor elevation of CyD1 and HIF1α expression in demonstrated samples. Amplification of KRAS gene was not found. Conclusion. Our data analysis had revealed multiple studies dedicated to CRC molecular diagnostics with controversial results, what could be explained by both variable methodological approaches and epidemiological peculiarities of CRC in different sites of the globe. Therefore, there is a necessity in empirical identification of the molecular-genetic features of colorectal carcinomas in patients of our region that could improve current state of the art in CRC diagnostic and treatment approaches. Achieved data are the result of the trial and our research of this issue is ongoing.
{"title":"Molecular and genetic features of colorectal carcinoma: pathomorphological demonstration of clinical cases and literature review","authors":"I. Shpon'ka, O. Bondarenko, I. Molokova","doi":"10.26641/1997-9665.2021.2.59-67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26641/1997-9665.2021.2.59-67","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is one of the most widespread malignancies worldwide; its morbidity rate is on the third place amidst the most common cancers. According to present data, such molecular markers as CyD1, HIF1α, LC3B, p21, p53 as well as the detection of KRAS gene amplification could be used for evaluation of tumor grade, its invasiveness, risk of metastases, sensitivity to anti-EGFR treatment, and further prognosis for patient’s survive. Objective. The purpose of this study was to make a literature review of the CRC molecular diagnostic approaches and demonstrate 5 cases of colorectal carcinoma in patients of Dnipro-city region in purpose to reveal their molecular-genetic features. Methods. Five formalin fixed paraffin embedded specimens of colorectal carcinoma from patients of Dnipro-city region were evaluated pathomorphologically with histological, immunohistochemical and fluorescence in situ hybridization methods. Results. Case study revealed increased level of p53, p21, and LC3B expression, minor elevation of CyD1 and HIF1α expression in demonstrated samples. Amplification of KRAS gene was not found. Conclusion. Our data analysis had revealed multiple studies dedicated to CRC molecular diagnostics with controversial results, what could be explained by both variable methodological approaches and epidemiological peculiarities of CRC in different sites of the globe. Therefore, there is a necessity in empirical identification of the molecular-genetic features of colorectal carcinomas in patients of our region that could improve current state of the art in CRC diagnostic and treatment approaches. Achieved data are the result of the trial and our research of this issue is ongoing.","PeriodicalId":19107,"journal":{"name":"Morphologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80307057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-21DOI: 10.26641/1997-9665.2021.2.83-88
Підручник створений із залученням широкого кола авторитетних фахівців – гістологів та ембріологів – з різних регіонів України з урахуванням найновішої редакції Міжнародної гістологічної термінології (Київ, 2010). Виклад матеріалу гармонізовано з Примірною програмою з гістології, цитології та ембріології підготовки другого (магістерського) рівня вищої освіти галузі знань 22 “Охорона здоров’я” спеціальності 221 “Стоматологія”, затвердженою МОЗ України, і сучасними зарубіжними аналогами навчальної літератури. Порівняно з попередніми виданнями у книзі представлено повноколірні ілюстрації та мікрофотографії, переважна більшість яких є оригінальними напрацюваннями видавництва та колективу українських морфологів. Крім того, книгу збагачено прикладами практичного застосування знань із цитології, гістології та ембріології для глибшого розуміння патологічних процесів, якими може бути уражений організм людини. У кінці кожного розділу в ієрархічному порядку наведено список термінів, які студент повинен засвоїти та вміти використовувати у своїй подальшій навчальній і практичній діяльності. Для студентів стоматологічних факультетів закладів вищої медичної освіти, а також викладачів та лікарів.
{"title":"Reviews, comments, presentations","authors":"","doi":"10.26641/1997-9665.2021.2.83-88","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26641/1997-9665.2021.2.83-88","url":null,"abstract":"Підручник створений із залученням широкого кола авторитетних фахівців – гістологів та ембріологів – з різних регіонів України з урахуванням найновішої редакції Міжнародної гістологічної термінології (Київ, 2010). Виклад матеріалу гармонізовано з Примірною програмою з гістології, цитології та ембріології підготовки другого (магістерського) рівня вищої освіти галузі знань 22 “Охорона здоров’я” спеціальності 221 “Стоматологія”, затвердженою МОЗ України, і сучасними зарубіжними аналогами навчальної літератури. Порівняно з попередніми виданнями у книзі представлено повноколірні ілюстрації та мікрофотографії, переважна більшість яких є оригінальними напрацюваннями видавництва та колективу українських морфологів. Крім того, книгу збагачено прикладами практичного застосування знань із цитології, гістології та ембріології для глибшого розуміння патологічних процесів, якими може бути уражений організм людини. У кінці кожного розділу в ієрархічному порядку наведено список термінів, які студент повинен засвоїти та вміти використовувати у своїй подальшій навчальній і практичній діяльності. \u0000Для студентів стоматологічних факультетів закладів вищої медичної освіти, а також викладачів та лікарів.","PeriodicalId":19107,"journal":{"name":"Morphologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86660029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-25DOI: 10.26641/1997-9665.2020.4.108-114
I. Tverdokhlib, Y. Silkina
Dermal fibroblasts are a dynamic and diverse population of cells whose functions in skin in many respects remain unknown. Normal adult human skin contains at least three distinct subpopulations of fibroblasts, which occupy unique niches in the dermis. Fibroblasts from each of these niches exhibit distinctive differences when cultured separately. Specific differences in fibroblast histophysiology are evident in papillary dermal fibroblasts, which reside in the superficial dermis, and reticular fibroblasts, which reside in the deep dermis. Both of these subpopulations of fibroblasts differ from the fibroblasts that are associated with hair follicles. Fibroblasts engage in fibroblast-epidermal interactions during hair development and in interfollicular regions of skin. They also play an important role in cutaneous structural transformations.
{"title":"Dermal fibroblasts: the terminology, heterogeneity of subpopulations and common properties","authors":"I. Tverdokhlib, Y. Silkina","doi":"10.26641/1997-9665.2020.4.108-114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26641/1997-9665.2020.4.108-114","url":null,"abstract":"Dermal fibroblasts are a dynamic and diverse population of cells whose functions in skin in many respects remain unknown. Normal adult human skin contains at least three distinct subpopulations of fibroblasts, which occupy unique niches in the dermis. Fibroblasts from each of these niches exhibit distinctive differences when cultured separately. Specific differences in fibroblast histophysiology are evident in papillary dermal fibroblasts, which reside in the superficial dermis, and reticular fibroblasts, which reside in the deep dermis. Both of these subpopulations of fibroblasts differ from the fibroblasts that are associated with hair follicles. Fibroblasts engage in fibroblast-epidermal interactions during hair development and in interfollicular regions of skin. They also play an important role in cutaneous structural transformations.","PeriodicalId":19107,"journal":{"name":"Morphologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82392789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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