Pub Date : 2021-09-25DOI: 10.26641/1997-9665.2020.4.72-78
V. Sokol
Background. Fractures of the pelvic girdle and lower extremities as a result of a road traffic accident are the most frequent localization of injuries in victims, however, the structure of pedestrian and intra-salon injuries has not been sufficiently studied. Objective - to study the nature of injuries in victims of a car injury to the pelvic girdle and lower extremities. Methods. Research material - 170 acts of primary forensic medical examinations of victims with fractures of the pelvic bones and long bones of the lower extremities, received as a result of a non-lethal automobile injury. An expert assessment of the nature of bodily injuries was carried out at the Kharkiv Regional Bureau of Forensic Medicine (KRBSFM) within a period of no more than 1 month after injury. Acts of primary forensic medical examinations were selected at random for the period February - June 2018. Research methods - retrospective analysis, descriptive statistics. Results. Among the injured as a result of a car injury - 129 (75.9%) pedestrians, 23 (13.5%) drivers, 14 (8.2%) front seat passengers and 4 (2.4%) rear seat passengers. Thus, pedestrians and car drivers are the most vulnerable to road traffic injuries; the most protected rear seat passengers. Men predominated among the drivers; in the remaining groups of victims, the gender distribution was generally even. Among the participants in the accident were mainly people of working age. Injuries to the chest (26.5%), head (25.9%), abdomen (16.5%) prevailed among the associated injuries. Conclusion. A distinctive feature of injuries sustained as a result of a collision of a pedestrian or a car with another car with a relatively low speed of movement was an isolated injury to the bones of the pelvic girdle or lower extremities, both during pedestrian and intra-salon trauma. All the victims had injuries of the integumentary system of various localization in the form of subcutaneous hematomas and abrasions (158; 92.9%), bruised lacerations (96; 56.5%), stamp injuries (62; 36.5%). The main mechanism of pedestrian injury is the direct impact of the traumatic force with the formation of primary injuries in the form of bumper fractures of the shin bones (35.9%), hip (22.4%) and pelvis (10%).
{"title":"Characteristics of bodily injuries of the pelvic girdle and lower extremities in car trauma","authors":"V. Sokol","doi":"10.26641/1997-9665.2020.4.72-78","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26641/1997-9665.2020.4.72-78","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Fractures of the pelvic girdle and lower extremities as a result of a road traffic accident are the most frequent localization of injuries in victims, however, the structure of pedestrian and intra-salon injuries has not been sufficiently studied. Objective - to study the nature of injuries in victims of a car injury to the pelvic girdle and lower extremities. Methods. Research material - 170 acts of primary forensic medical examinations of victims with fractures of the pelvic bones and long bones of the lower extremities, received as a result of a non-lethal automobile injury. An expert assessment of the nature of bodily injuries was carried out at the Kharkiv Regional Bureau of Forensic Medicine (KRBSFM) within a period of no more than 1 month after injury. Acts of primary forensic medical examinations were selected at random for the period February - June 2018. Research methods - retrospective analysis, descriptive statistics. Results. Among the injured as a result of a car injury - 129 (75.9%) pedestrians, 23 (13.5%) drivers, 14 (8.2%) front seat passengers and 4 (2.4%) rear seat passengers. Thus, pedestrians and car drivers are the most vulnerable to road traffic injuries; the most protected rear seat passengers. Men predominated among the drivers; in the remaining groups of victims, the gender distribution was generally even. Among the participants in the accident were mainly people of working age. Injuries to the chest (26.5%), head (25.9%), abdomen (16.5%) prevailed among the associated injuries. Conclusion. A distinctive feature of injuries sustained as a result of a collision of a pedestrian or a car with another car with a relatively low speed of movement was an isolated injury to the bones of the pelvic girdle or lower extremities, both during pedestrian and intra-salon trauma. All the victims had injuries of the integumentary system of various localization in the form of subcutaneous hematomas and abrasions (158; 92.9%), bruised lacerations (96; 56.5%), stamp injuries (62; 36.5%). The main mechanism of pedestrian injury is the direct impact of the traumatic force with the formation of primary injuries in the form of bumper fractures of the shin bones (35.9%), hip (22.4%) and pelvis (10%).","PeriodicalId":19107,"journal":{"name":"Morphologia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89172735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-25DOI: 10.26641/1997-9665.2020.4.7-15
O. Bilyayeva, O. Dyadyk, V. I. Zaritsʹka, Y. Kryzhevskyi
Objective. To prove experimentally the effectiveness of a new generation of application sorbent by studying the morphological changes during the wound process. Methods. Depending on the drug used to treat purulent wounds, we divided the animals into three groups. In the main group (group I) the study was performed on 20 rats, they used an application sorbent, which includes aerosil with immobilization on its matrix ornidazole (Patent of Ukraine for utility model № 115228). The comparison group (group II) consisted of 10 rats, which used the known sorbent "Gentaxan", which includes: gentamicin sulfate, L-tryptophan and zinc sulfate. The comparison group (group III) was 10 rats. In this group for the treatment of purulent wounds used 10% sodium chloride solution, followed by a transition to ointment "Levomekol", which includes chloramphenicol and methyluracil. Results. The results of the study show that in the main group already on the seventh day in comparison with the comparison groups was found granulation tissue with a large number of newly formed vessels of the microcirculatory tract and pronounced proliferation of fibroblasts, indicating acceleration of wound healing. In the comparison groups, the regeneration process was slower. Conclusion. Pathomorphological examination revealed that drugs with sorption properties contribute to a faster reduction of edema and inflammation, and treatment with application sorbent used in the main group, significantly accelerates the processes of connective tissue repair and wound epithelization, ie accelerates wound healing processes with comparison groups.
{"title":"Morphological signs of the effectiveness of application sorbent in the treatment of purulent wounds (experimental study)","authors":"O. Bilyayeva, O. Dyadyk, V. I. Zaritsʹka, Y. Kryzhevskyi","doi":"10.26641/1997-9665.2020.4.7-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26641/1997-9665.2020.4.7-15","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. To prove experimentally the effectiveness of a new generation of application sorbent by studying the morphological changes during the wound process. Methods. Depending on the drug used to treat purulent wounds, we divided the animals into three groups. In the main group (group I) the study was performed on 20 rats, they used an application sorbent, which includes aerosil with immobilization on its matrix ornidazole (Patent of Ukraine for utility model № 115228). The comparison group (group II) consisted of 10 rats, which used the known sorbent \"Gentaxan\", which includes: gentamicin sulfate, L-tryptophan and zinc sulfate. The comparison group (group III) was 10 rats. In this group for the treatment of purulent wounds used 10% sodium chloride solution, followed by a transition to ointment \"Levomekol\", which includes chloramphenicol and methyluracil. Results. The results of the study show that in the main group already on the seventh day in comparison with the comparison groups was found granulation tissue with a large number of newly formed vessels of the microcirculatory tract and pronounced proliferation of fibroblasts, indicating acceleration of wound healing. In the comparison groups, the regeneration process was slower. Conclusion. Pathomorphological examination revealed that drugs with sorption properties contribute to a faster reduction of edema and inflammation, and treatment with application sorbent used in the main group, significantly accelerates the processes of connective tissue repair and wound epithelization, ie accelerates wound healing processes with comparison groups.","PeriodicalId":19107,"journal":{"name":"Morphologia","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85740194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-25DOI: 10.26641/1997-9665.2020.4.58-63
S. Popko
Background. After creating an animal model of experimental airways allergic inflammation using ovalbumin, scientists mainly studied the reaction of the cellular and humoral links of the acquired specific immunity. At the same time, it is known that the development of allergic inflammation of the airways to the effect of the environmental chemoattractants is primarily the result of the local innate immune system response. Pulmonary neuroendocrine cells of the airway epithelium with the help of neuropeptides activate the secretion of IL-5 and IL-13 by type 2 innate lymphoid cells IL-5 determines the eosinophilic inflammation. The question of the reaction of the components of innate immunity of the respiratory tract to the allergic inflammation in most aspects remains open. open. Objective. The purpose of the current study was to define the reaction of eosinophilic granulocytes in guinea pigs lungs as an important component of the innate immunity of the respiratory tract to experimental ovalbumin-induced allergic inflammation according to the data of a morphometric study. Methods. Histological, morphometric, statistical methods were used to study the topographic features and the number of eosinophils in the lungs of male 48 guinea pigs on the 23rd, 30th, 36th and 44th days after initiation of the experimental ovalbumin-induced allergic airway inflammation. Results. Our study demonstrates a significant reaction occurs on the part of the cellular link of innate immunity, which consists in the activation of eosinophils, in the experimental model of ovalbumin-induced airways allergic inflammation. The most significant changes were observed in the distal parts of the intrapulmonary airways and in the structures of the pulmonary acinus in the early period of the development of the inflammatory process (23rd and 30th days after the start of the experiment). The late (36th and 44th days after the start of the experiment) period of the development of an allergic inflammatory process in the lungs is accompanied by a gradual decrease in the activity of eosinophilic inflammation. At the same time, the quantitative indicators remain statistically significantly higher in the intact and control groups, which indicates the continuation of allergic inflammation in the absence of the action of the allergen and is a manifestation of the violation of the recovery and adaptation processes in the local immune system of the lung. Conclusion. After ovalbumin-sensitization and aeroallergization eosinophilic inflammation develops in the lungs of a guinea pig, as a result of the reaction of the innate immunity to the action of an allergen. Actively and first of all, allergic eosinophilic inflammation develops in the distal airways (terminal bronchioles) and in the connective tissue stroma of the pulmonary acinus.
{"title":"Reaction of eosinophilic granulocytes of guinea pigs airways to the experimental allergic inflammation according to the morphometric study","authors":"S. Popko","doi":"10.26641/1997-9665.2020.4.58-63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26641/1997-9665.2020.4.58-63","url":null,"abstract":"Background. After creating an animal model of experimental airways allergic inflammation using ovalbumin, scientists mainly studied the reaction of the cellular and humoral links of the acquired specific immunity. At the same time, it is known that the development of allergic inflammation of the airways to the effect of the environmental chemoattractants is primarily the result of the local innate immune system response. Pulmonary neuroendocrine cells of the airway epithelium with the help of neuropeptides activate the secretion of IL-5 and IL-13 by type 2 innate lymphoid cells IL-5 determines the eosinophilic inflammation. The question of the reaction of the components of innate immunity of the respiratory tract to the allergic inflammation in most aspects remains open. open. Objective. The purpose of the current study was to define the reaction of eosinophilic granulocytes in guinea pigs lungs as an important component of the innate immunity of the respiratory tract to experimental ovalbumin-induced allergic inflammation according to the data of a morphometric study. Methods. Histological, morphometric, statistical methods were used to study the topographic features and the number of eosinophils in the lungs of male 48 guinea pigs on the 23rd, 30th, 36th and 44th days after initiation of the experimental ovalbumin-induced allergic airway inflammation. Results. Our study demonstrates a significant reaction occurs on the part of the cellular link of innate immunity, which consists in the activation of eosinophils, in the experimental model of ovalbumin-induced airways allergic inflammation. The most significant changes were observed in the distal parts of the intrapulmonary airways and in the structures of the pulmonary acinus in the early period of the development of the inflammatory process (23rd and 30th days after the start of the experiment). The late (36th and 44th days after the start of the experiment) period of the development of an allergic inflammatory process in the lungs is accompanied by a gradual decrease in the activity of eosinophilic inflammation. At the same time, the quantitative indicators remain statistically significantly higher in the intact and control groups, which indicates the continuation of allergic inflammation in the absence of the action of the allergen and is a manifestation of the violation of the recovery and adaptation processes in the local immune system of the lung. Conclusion. After ovalbumin-sensitization and aeroallergization eosinophilic inflammation develops in the lungs of a guinea pig, as a result of the reaction of the innate immunity to the action of an allergen. Actively and first of all, allergic eosinophilic inflammation develops in the distal airways (terminal bronchioles) and in the connective tissue stroma of the pulmonary acinus.","PeriodicalId":19107,"journal":{"name":"Morphologia","volume":"100 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80325875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-25DOI: 10.26641/1997-9665.2020.4.35-41
O. Makarchuk, Y. Silkina, I. Tverdokhlib
Background. Improvement of the technical aspects of surgery in aesthetic surgery led to an increase in the number of transactions and significant increase contingent of women who are turning to specialized clinics. But it also significantly increased the proportion of patients with a variety of concomitant diseases requiring new approaches to operational technologies and special attention in the postoperative period. In this group of patients is high risk of intraoperative and postoperative complications significantly limits the range of indications. So to prevent these complications is an important question when planning operations in aesthetic surgery of the face. Objective. Determine structural and functional changes of temporal area skin in women of different age groups with an additional internal pathology. Methods. Intraoperative biopsy material of skin of 104 women at the age from 19 to 73 years, that was taken during standard surgery instrumentations for different defects of face skin correction, was investigated. Results and conclusion. It was determined, that involutive dynamic of microvessel condition in papillary layer of derma coincides with grade reduction of relative volume of microvessels bed. Microcirculation age changes include structural disorders of intrapapillary capillary loops, disorganization of arterioles in papillary and reticular layers of derma, disorders of venules because of the changes in microenvironmental fibrillar network. It is typical at the patients with nicotinic dependence, ischemic heart disease, hypertonic disease, a diabetes, and also adiposity of a different degree essential infringement of microvessels bed structure criteria of skin condition that gives the basis for allocation of the given contingent of patients as group of high intraoperative and postoperative risk at carrying out of frontlift.
{"title":"Morphological analysis of temporal area skin in patients with an additional pathology on age aspect","authors":"O. Makarchuk, Y. Silkina, I. Tverdokhlib","doi":"10.26641/1997-9665.2020.4.35-41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26641/1997-9665.2020.4.35-41","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Improvement of the technical aspects of surgery in aesthetic surgery led to an increase in the number of transactions and significant increase contingent of women who are turning to specialized clinics. But it also significantly increased the proportion of patients with a variety of concomitant diseases requiring new approaches to operational technologies and special attention in the postoperative period. In this group of patients is high risk of intraoperative and postoperative complications significantly limits the range of indications. So to prevent these complications is an important question when planning operations in aesthetic surgery of the face. Objective. Determine structural and functional changes of temporal area skin in women of different age groups with an additional internal pathology. Methods. Intraoperative biopsy material of skin of 104 women at the age from 19 to 73 years, that was taken during standard surgery instrumentations for different defects of face skin correction, was investigated. Results and conclusion. It was determined, that involutive dynamic of microvessel condition in papillary layer of derma coincides with grade reduction of relative volume of microvessels bed. Microcirculation age changes include structural disorders of intrapapillary capillary loops, disorganization of arterioles in papillary and reticular layers of derma, disorders of venules because of the changes in microenvironmental fibrillar network. It is typical at the patients with nicotinic dependence, ischemic heart disease, hypertonic disease, a diabetes, and also adiposity of a different degree essential infringement of microvessels bed structure criteria of skin condition that gives the basis for allocation of the given contingent of patients as group of high intraoperative and postoperative risk at carrying out of frontlift.","PeriodicalId":19107,"journal":{"name":"Morphologia","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78883355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-25DOI: 10.26641/1997-9665.2020.4.125-128
Г. А. Савостьянов
Книга посвящена теоретической и экспериментальной разработке нового подхода к анализу биологии развития и построению трехмерной предсказательной гистологии. Основу подхода составляет развитие двух идей: 1) элементарной единицей многоклеточности является не клетка, а клеточная группа, возникающая в результате разделения труда (функций) между клетками и названная гистионом; 2) ткани — это не массив случайным образом упакованных клеток, а регулярные клеточные решетки (коннектомы), возникающие в результате полимеризации гистионов. Разработка первой идеи и формализованный анализ разделения труда позволили получить множество гистионов различного состава и структуры и сформулировать для них закон циклического развития. На его основе построена естественная система гистионов в виде периодической таблицы. Ее параметры имеют биологический смысл и пригодны для прогнозирования развития гистионов и его количественного измерения. Каждый цикл развития гистионов регламентируется законом сохранения потенций. Этот закон позволяет описывать динамику потенций в развитии и объясняет причину деления клеток гистиона на стволовые и нестволовые. Приведены доказательства существования гистионов в реальности. Разработка второй идеи позволила установить, что полимеризация гистионов приводит к возникновению регулярных клеточных сетей или решеток (коннектомов) различной размерности. Эти сети служат математическими моделями пространственной организации тканей из плотно упакованных клеток. Такие модели отражают как топологию ткани, так и геометрию составляющих ее клеток. Визуализация моделей проводится с помощью специальных компьютерных программ.Такая концепция позволила сформулировать принципы пространственной организации эпителиев, построить семейства их топологических и геометрических моделей, предсказать новые варианты тканевой гистоархитектоники и обнаружить их в реальных тканях. Использование моделей позволило описать такие неизвестные ранее свойства клеточных пластов, как трансляционная симметрия и стехиометрия состава. Модели позволяют также изучать трансформацию тканей в нормальном развитии и патологии. Показано, что канцерогенез — это не стохастическое повреждение клетки и ее генома, а закономерное и предсказуемое изменение гистионов и коннектомов. В заключении подчеркивается, что гистион и коннектом составляют новый предмет биологии развития и гистологии. Его дальнейшее исследование открывает перспективу создания вычислительной трехмерной гистологии, способной находить множество всех возможных вариантов гистоархитектур и тем самым прогнозировать направления тканевого развития в норме и патологии. Такая гистология станет теоретической базой тканевой инженерии.Книга рассчитана на эволюционистов, эмбриологов, морфологов и онкологов, а также специалистов в области регенеративной медицины и тканевой инженерии. Кроме того, она предназначена для математиков, физиков, социологов и экономистов, интересующихся фундаментальными проблемами строения и развития многокле
{"title":"Структурные основы биологии развития и трехмерной гистологии. Новый подход к изучению канцерогенеза","authors":"Г. А. Савостьянов","doi":"10.26641/1997-9665.2020.4.125-128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26641/1997-9665.2020.4.125-128","url":null,"abstract":"Книга посвящена теоретической и экспериментальной разработке нового подхода к анализу биологии развития и построению трехмерной предсказательной гистологии. Основу подхода составляет развитие двух идей: 1) элементарной единицей многоклеточности является не клетка, а клеточная группа, возникающая в результате разделения труда (функций) между клетками и названная гистионом; 2) ткани — это не массив случайным образом упакованных клеток, а регулярные клеточные решетки (коннектомы), возникающие в результате полимеризации гистионов. Разработка первой идеи и формализованный анализ разделения труда позволили получить множество гистионов различного состава и структуры и сформулировать для них закон циклического развития. На его основе построена естественная система гистионов в виде периодической таблицы. Ее параметры имеют биологический смысл и пригодны для прогнозирования развития гистионов и его количественного измерения. Каждый цикл развития гистионов регламентируется законом сохранения потенций. Этот закон позволяет описывать динамику потенций в развитии и объясняет причину деления клеток гистиона на стволовые и нестволовые. Приведены доказательства существования гистионов в реальности. Разработка второй идеи позволила установить, что полимеризация гистионов приводит к возникновению регулярных клеточных сетей или решеток (коннектомов) различной размерности. Эти сети служат математическими моделями пространственной организации тканей из плотно упакованных клеток. Такие модели отражают как топологию ткани, так и геометрию составляющих ее клеток. Визуализация моделей проводится с помощью специальных компьютерных программ.Такая концепция позволила сформулировать принципы пространственной организации эпителиев, построить семейства их топологических и геометрических моделей, предсказать новые варианты тканевой гистоархитектоники и обнаружить их в реальных тканях. Использование моделей позволило описать такие неизвестные ранее свойства клеточных пластов, как трансляционная симметрия и стехиометрия состава. Модели позволяют также изучать трансформацию тканей в нормальном развитии и патологии. Показано, что канцерогенез — это не стохастическое повреждение клетки и ее генома, а закономерное и предсказуемое изменение гистионов и коннектомов. В заключении подчеркивается, что гистион и коннектом составляют новый предмет биологии развития и гистологии. Его дальнейшее исследование открывает перспективу создания вычислительной трехмерной гистологии, способной находить множество всех возможных вариантов гистоархитектур и тем самым прогнозировать направления тканевого развития в норме и патологии. Такая гистология станет теоретической базой тканевой инженерии.Книга рассчитана на эволюционистов, эмбриологов, морфологов и онкологов, а также специалистов в области регенеративной медицины и тканевой инженерии. Кроме того, она предназначена для математиков, физиков, социологов и экономистов, интересующихся фундаментальными проблемами строения и развития многокле","PeriodicalId":19107,"journal":{"name":"Morphologia","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91236712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-25DOI: 10.26641/1997-9665.2020.4.16-28
O. Voloshanska, S. I. Tertyshnyi
Background. Ischemic stroke is the second most common cause of death after coronary heart disease and the most common cause of disability worldwide. Much of the recent basic research on stroke is concerned with the mechanisms underlying the dysfunction and adaptation of the neurovascular block, which includes the blood-brain barrier structures, microglia, neurons, and the extracellular matrix of the basement membrane. Isolated studies of recent years have been devoted to the issues of morphology and in particular the ultrastructure of the brain in ischemic injury. Meanwhile, only morphological studies can reveal the peculiarities of the response of cellular structures to the influence of various adverse factors. Objective – to investigate ultrastructural changes in the vessels of the brain and perivascular space in experimental ischemic heart attack. Methods. Experimental cerebral infarction was reproduced on 15 white Wistar rats by injection of a suspension of barium sulfate in sterile saline in a ratio of 1: 3 in the amount of 0.1 -0.3 ml. Three animals formed a control group. The material was collected in terms of: up to 3, 9, 12 days and more than 12 days from the beginning of the experimental action, followed by standard processing of the material for electron microscopy. Results. In the early stages of ischemic brain damage perivascular edema, destructive changes of capillaries with destruction of basement membranes are registered. Some microvessels undergo irreversible changes with deformation of the vascular lumen, pyknosis and lysis of endothelial nuclei, destruction and vacuolation of cytoplasmic structures, microvacuolation and edema of mitochondria with partial destruction of cristae and enlightenment of the mitochondrial matrix. In the endothelium with signs of coagulation processes in the cytoplasm and nucleus, changes in cell contacts were observed. Structural changes of vessels are combined with changes of perivascular processes of astrocytes. On days 9 and 12, the structure of the endothelium, perivascular astrocytes, and intercellular contacts are restored. Hyperplasia of intracytoplasmic structures, increase in mitochondria and length of cytoplasmic network are noted. In the cells of the perivascular environment and in the cytoplasm of pericytes a significant number of phagolysosomes is detected, in the long term in the perifocal areas of irreversible ischemic changes around the vessels is reparative astrogliosis. Conclusion. Ultrastructural changes of the microcirculatory part in the perifocal areas of ischemic lesions within 3 days are characterized by perivascular edema and destructive changes in the endothelium of capillaries and pericytes, damage to basement membranes, changes in cell contacts. After 9-12 days in the endothelium, the processes of intracellular regeneration increase, the ultrastructure of intercellular contacts is restored. A significant number of phagolysosomes is registered in the cells of the perivascula
{"title":"Ultrastructural changes in the microvessels and perivascular space in cerebral infarction in the experiment","authors":"O. Voloshanska, S. I. Tertyshnyi","doi":"10.26641/1997-9665.2020.4.16-28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26641/1997-9665.2020.4.16-28","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Ischemic stroke is the second most common cause of death after coronary heart disease and the most common cause of disability worldwide. Much of the recent basic research on stroke is concerned with the mechanisms underlying the dysfunction and adaptation of the neurovascular block, which includes the blood-brain barrier structures, microglia, neurons, and the extracellular matrix of the basement membrane. Isolated studies of recent years have been devoted to the issues of morphology and in particular the ultrastructure of the brain in ischemic injury. Meanwhile, only morphological studies can reveal the peculiarities of the response of cellular structures to the influence of various adverse factors. Objective – to investigate ultrastructural changes in the vessels of the brain and perivascular space in experimental ischemic heart attack. Methods. Experimental cerebral infarction was reproduced on 15 white Wistar rats by injection of a suspension of barium sulfate in sterile saline in a ratio of 1: 3 in the amount of 0.1 -0.3 ml. Three animals formed a control group. The material was collected in terms of: up to 3, 9, 12 days and more than 12 days from the beginning of the experimental action, followed by standard processing of the material for electron microscopy. Results. In the early stages of ischemic brain damage perivascular edema, destructive changes of capillaries with destruction of basement membranes are registered. Some microvessels undergo irreversible changes with deformation of the vascular lumen, pyknosis and lysis of endothelial nuclei, destruction and vacuolation of cytoplasmic structures, microvacuolation and edema of mitochondria with partial destruction of cristae and enlightenment of the mitochondrial matrix. In the endothelium with signs of coagulation processes in the cytoplasm and nucleus, changes in cell contacts were observed. Structural changes of vessels are combined with changes of perivascular processes of astrocytes. On days 9 and 12, the structure of the endothelium, perivascular astrocytes, and intercellular contacts are restored. Hyperplasia of intracytoplasmic structures, increase in mitochondria and length of cytoplasmic network are noted. In the cells of the perivascular environment and in the cytoplasm of pericytes a significant number of phagolysosomes is detected, in the long term in the perifocal areas of irreversible ischemic changes around the vessels is reparative astrogliosis. Conclusion. Ultrastructural changes of the microcirculatory part in the perifocal areas of ischemic lesions within 3 days are characterized by perivascular edema and destructive changes in the endothelium of capillaries and pericytes, damage to basement membranes, changes in cell contacts. After 9-12 days in the endothelium, the processes of intracellular regeneration increase, the ultrastructure of intercellular contacts is restored. A significant number of phagolysosomes is registered in the cells of the perivascula","PeriodicalId":19107,"journal":{"name":"Morphologia","volume":"168 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77319957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-25DOI: 10.26641/1997-9665.2020.4.49-57
L. Pesotskaya, A. Korolenko
Background. Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CML) is rarely diagnosed and it is 1 per 100 thousand adults annually, in the United States - in 4 per million people, which is about 1100 cases per year. This disease is more common for men over 60. Results. A clinical case of a rare long-term course of myelodysplastic chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (MDCMML) in a middle-aged woman with rapid transformation into acute monocytic leukemia (AMoL-M5v) with atypical fulminant course is presented. Changes in the blood test were identified accidentally during a routine examination. A retrospective analysis of the course of the patient's disease, anamnesis made it possible to draw attention to the severe course of vasculitis of unknown etiology, with a predominant lesion of the skin of the lower limbs, which required inpatient treatment (19 years ago); skin lesions in the form of transient erythema, spotty eruptions for more than 10 years, moderate cervical lymphadenopathy. According to the WHO criteria, the morphological data of the bone marrow puncture corresponded to the MD of the CML. The long course of the disease without an obvious clinical picture, neutrophil dysplasia, myeloid proliferation was atypical, which did not exclude the presence of previous oligomonocytic CML in the patient. A detailed picture of the disease appeared after a viral infection, bronchitis, antibiotic therapy. In the absence of an increase in the number of blasts in the bone marrow, in a few of them normal Auer's sticks were detected, which, according to the literature, is a rarity in CML and an unfavorable prognostic factor of rapid transformation into acute myeloid leukemia. Conclusion. Not typical for the course of acute monocytic leukemia in this case were the absence of significant blastemia and severe suppression of normal hematopoiesis with pronounced extramedular manifestations. There was febrile fever, hyperplasia of the gums, tonsils with ulcerative-necrotic changes in the oral mucosa, an increase in cervical lymph nodes in the form of packets up to 2 cm in diameter with signs of sarcomatous growth. Attention was drawn to the progression of skin lesions, which was prognostically unfavorable. Notable was the development of severe hemorrhagic syndrome without severe thrombocytopenia, significant changes in the coagulogram, as a manifestation of early severe coagulopathy. There was a spread of erythematous elements on the skin with itching, not controlled by antihistamines and corticosteroid drugs (maculopapular rashes of a pink-cyanotic color, in places of a confluent nature, small-point hemorrhages like vasculitis over the entire surface of the skin).
{"title":"Chronic monocytic leukemia with transformation into acute monocytic leukemia. Clinical case","authors":"L. Pesotskaya, A. Korolenko","doi":"10.26641/1997-9665.2020.4.49-57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26641/1997-9665.2020.4.49-57","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CML) is rarely diagnosed and it is 1 per 100 thousand adults annually, in the United States - in 4 per million people, which is about 1100 cases per year. This disease is more common for men over 60. Results. A clinical case of a rare long-term course of myelodysplastic chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (MDCMML) in a middle-aged woman with rapid transformation into acute monocytic leukemia (AMoL-M5v) with atypical fulminant course is presented. Changes in the blood test were identified accidentally during a routine examination. A retrospective analysis of the course of the patient's disease, anamnesis made it possible to draw attention to the severe course of vasculitis of unknown etiology, with a predominant lesion of the skin of the lower limbs, which required inpatient treatment (19 years ago); skin lesions in the form of transient erythema, spotty eruptions for more than 10 years, moderate cervical lymphadenopathy. According to the WHO criteria, the morphological data of the bone marrow puncture corresponded to the MD of the CML. The long course of the disease without an obvious clinical picture, neutrophil dysplasia, myeloid proliferation was atypical, which did not exclude the presence of previous oligomonocytic CML in the patient. A detailed picture of the disease appeared after a viral infection, bronchitis, antibiotic therapy. In the absence of an increase in the number of blasts in the bone marrow, in a few of them normal Auer's sticks were detected, which, according to the literature, is a rarity in CML and an unfavorable prognostic factor of rapid transformation into acute myeloid leukemia. Conclusion. Not typical for the course of acute monocytic leukemia in this case were the absence of significant blastemia and severe suppression of normal hematopoiesis with pronounced extramedular manifestations. There was febrile fever, hyperplasia of the gums, tonsils with ulcerative-necrotic changes in the oral mucosa, an increase in cervical lymph nodes in the form of packets up to 2 cm in diameter with signs of sarcomatous growth. Attention was drawn to the progression of skin lesions, which was prognostically unfavorable. Notable was the development of severe hemorrhagic syndrome without severe thrombocytopenia, significant changes in the coagulogram, as a manifestation of early severe coagulopathy. There was a spread of erythematous elements on the skin with itching, not controlled by antihistamines and corticosteroid drugs (maculopapular rashes of a pink-cyanotic color, in places of a confluent nature, small-point hemorrhages like vasculitis over the entire surface of the skin).","PeriodicalId":19107,"journal":{"name":"Morphologia","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88787894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-19DOI: 10.26641/1997-9665.2020.2.44-50
M. Shyshkin, T. A. Khrystenko
{"title":"Immunohistochemical study of CD44 in сolorectal adenocarcinoma","authors":"M. Shyshkin, T. A. Khrystenko","doi":"10.26641/1997-9665.2020.2.44-50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26641/1997-9665.2020.2.44-50","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19107,"journal":{"name":"Morphologia","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72891070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-19DOI: 10.26641/1997-9665.2020.2.24-29
T. Kvyatkovska, Y. Shimon, E. Kvyatkovsky, D. Kazbinova, A. M. Pavlenko
{"title":"Prevalence of flat foot among 18-24 years old students studying at higher medical education institution.","authors":"T. Kvyatkovska, Y. Shimon, E. Kvyatkovsky, D. Kazbinova, A. M. Pavlenko","doi":"10.26641/1997-9665.2020.2.24-29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26641/1997-9665.2020.2.24-29","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19107,"journal":{"name":"Morphologia","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76590341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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