Pub Date : 2021-12-25DOI: 10.26641/1997-9665.2021.3.109-118
I. Liskina, L. Zagaba
Background. The progression of HIV infection is accompanied by the development of opportunistic diseases, including pleural effusions of various origins. Morphological examination of pleura tissue in cases of pleural effusion serves as the basis for establishing the etiology of the pathological process and, therefore, the final clinical diagnosis. Objective – analysis of results of morphological diagnostics of pleura lesions in HIV-infected patients in comparison with other laboratory tests and clinical diagnosis. Methods. 103 cases of pleurisy of various origins were studied. Pleural biopsies were obtained by various types of minimally invasive diagnostic interventions with subsequent morphological examination. Results were compared with the available data of microbiological and molecular genetic studies of pleural biopsies. Results. At the time of hospitalization the preliminary clinical diagnosis was pleurisy of unknown etiology in 96,1 % of cases. A combined disease was diagnosed – hepatitis C in a third of all observations according to the results of laboratory tests. Due to routine staining with hematoxylin and eosin, tuberculosis lesions of the pleura were diagnosed in 59,2 %, the second most frequent was the diagnosis of nonspecific pleurisy, 20,4 %. According to the duration of the process, acute pleural tuberculosis was established in 19,7 % of cases, the subacute form of tuberculosis pleurisy – in 54,1 % of cases, and chronic pleural tuberculosis was established in 22,9 % of cases. In 17,5 % of cases, in order to clarify the etiology of pleurisy, additional histochemical staining for infectious agents was performed. The results of microbiological and molecular genetic studies were established in 76,7 % of cases. The greatest number of M. tuberculosis detection was obtained during the culture study of the biopsy material and exudates. When comparing the final clinical diagnosis and the level of CD4 cells in peripheral blood, it was found that in most cases (74,5 %) pleural effusions developed at low counts of CD4 cells, less than 350/l. Conclusion. Tuberculosis predominates in the etiological structure of pleural effusions in patients with HIV infection. Pleural tuberculosis can be the main secondary disease or be combined with pulmonary tuberculosis. In second place in terms of frequency of occurrence, nonspecific pleurisy was diagnosed as a complication of the main secondary disease. Pleural effusions develop when CD4 cell counts are low. Morphological diagnostics of pleural lesions is the main research method in the diagnostic algorithm of cases of pleural effusions of unknown etiology against the background of HIV infection.
{"title":"Pleural pathology in HIV-infected patients: features of morphological diagnostics","authors":"I. Liskina, L. Zagaba","doi":"10.26641/1997-9665.2021.3.109-118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26641/1997-9665.2021.3.109-118","url":null,"abstract":"Background. The progression of HIV infection is accompanied by the development of opportunistic diseases, including pleural effusions of various origins. Morphological examination of pleura tissue in cases of pleural effusion serves as the basis for establishing the etiology of the pathological process and, therefore, the final clinical diagnosis. Objective – analysis of results of morphological diagnostics of pleura lesions in HIV-infected patients in comparison with other laboratory tests and clinical diagnosis. Methods. 103 cases of pleurisy of various origins were studied. Pleural biopsies were obtained by various types of minimally invasive diagnostic interventions with subsequent morphological examination. Results were compared with the available data of microbiological and molecular genetic studies of pleural biopsies. Results. At the time of hospitalization the preliminary clinical diagnosis was pleurisy of unknown etiology in 96,1 % of cases. A combined disease was diagnosed – hepatitis C in a third of all observations according to the results of laboratory tests. Due to routine staining with hematoxylin and eosin, tuberculosis lesions of the pleura were diagnosed in 59,2 %, the second most frequent was the diagnosis of nonspecific pleurisy, 20,4 %. According to the duration of the process, acute pleural tuberculosis was established in 19,7 % of cases, the subacute form of tuberculosis pleurisy – in 54,1 % of cases, and chronic pleural tuberculosis was established in 22,9 % of cases. In 17,5 % of cases, in order to clarify the etiology of pleurisy, additional histochemical staining for infectious agents was performed. The results of microbiological and molecular genetic studies were established in 76,7 % of cases. The greatest number of M. tuberculosis detection was obtained during the culture study of the biopsy material and exudates. When comparing the final clinical diagnosis and the level of CD4 cells in peripheral blood, it was found that in most cases (74,5 %) pleural effusions developed at low counts of CD4 cells, less than 350/l. Conclusion. Tuberculosis predominates in the etiological structure of pleural effusions in patients with HIV infection. Pleural tuberculosis can be the main secondary disease or be combined with pulmonary tuberculosis. In second place in terms of frequency of occurrence, nonspecific pleurisy was diagnosed as a complication of the main secondary disease. Pleural effusions develop when CD4 cell counts are low. Morphological diagnostics of pleural lesions is the main research method in the diagnostic algorithm of cases of pleural effusions of unknown etiology against the background of HIV infection.","PeriodicalId":19107,"journal":{"name":"Morphologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85909687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-25DOI: 10.26641/1997-9665.2021.3.84-88
V. Zherebkin, D.N. Shiyan, I. V. Borzenkova, P. V. Tkachenko
Background. Big epidemiological studies have revealed a link between osteoarthritis and some cardiovascular diseases such as coronary heart disease, heart failure, cerebral circulation disorders, vascular diseases and diabetes mellitus. Objective. Determination of the features of morphological changes in the synovial membrane of the joint, articular cartilage and subchondral bone in patients with cardiovascular diseases. Methods. Histological studies of articular tissues of 30 amputated lower extremities in persons with vascular diseases of the lower extremities were performed. Results. In all samples of the capsule of the knee joint, gross violations of the microcirculatory canal and histological changes of osteoarthritis and subchondral osteoporosis were revealed. At the same time, the revealed changes in the articular cartilage and subchondral bone were more pronounced in the patellar, which in the knee joint carries a negligible functional load, but receives blood supply only from the vessels of the articular capsule than in the joint surface of tibia, carrying the lion's share of the functional load on the knee joint, but receiving blood supply from the posterior tibial artery. Conclusion. The revealed features of morphological changes in articular tissues in vascular diseases of the lower extremities indicate that these diseases play an important role in the development of osteoarthritis and are more significant than the functional load on the joint. Further studies of the features of morphological changes in articular tissues in the samples of various contingents of persons are needed.
{"title":"Features of morphological changes in articular tissues in vascular diseases of the lower extremities","authors":"V. Zherebkin, D.N. Shiyan, I. V. Borzenkova, P. V. Tkachenko","doi":"10.26641/1997-9665.2021.3.84-88","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26641/1997-9665.2021.3.84-88","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Big epidemiological studies have revealed a link between osteoarthritis and some cardiovascular diseases such as coronary heart disease, heart failure, cerebral circulation disorders, vascular diseases and diabetes mellitus. Objective. Determination of the features of morphological changes in the synovial membrane of the joint, articular cartilage and subchondral bone in patients with cardiovascular diseases. Methods. Histological studies of articular tissues of 30 amputated lower extremities in persons with vascular diseases of the lower extremities were performed. Results. In all samples of the capsule of the knee joint, gross violations of the microcirculatory canal and histological changes of osteoarthritis and subchondral osteoporosis were revealed. At the same time, the revealed changes in the articular cartilage and subchondral bone were more pronounced in the patellar, which in the knee joint carries a negligible functional load, but receives blood supply only from the vessels of the articular capsule than in the joint surface of tibia, carrying the lion's share of the functional load on the knee joint, but receiving blood supply from the posterior tibial artery. Conclusion. The revealed features of morphological changes in articular tissues in vascular diseases of the lower extremities indicate that these diseases play an important role in the development of osteoarthritis and are more significant than the functional load on the joint. Further studies of the features of morphological changes in articular tissues in the samples of various contingents of persons are needed.","PeriodicalId":19107,"journal":{"name":"Morphologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86884629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-25DOI: 10.26641/1997-9665.2021.3.30-38
O.A. Cherkas
Background. To date, close attention is paid to the problems of formation and development of the myocardium in general and in particular its structural components. This phenomenon is associated with an increase in cardiovascular malformations in both adults and infants. These defects can be caused by genetic factors, as well as various teratogenic substances. One such substance is alcohol. Despite the risks, many women still drink alcohol during pregnancy. The main problem is that almost half of pregnancies are unplanned, so a woman may continue to consume alcohol for several weeks before learning about her condition. Especially in young women, fertilization can occur in a state of intoxication. In addition, under the influence of ethanol, cardiac function may be impaired in the absence of structural abnormalities. Chronic alcohol intoxication causes changes in the myocardium at all levels of its structural organization. First of all, teratogenic changes caused by the action of ethanol affect the development of cardiomyocytes in the process of embryogenesis, which contributes to the underdevelopment of the structure or function of heart cells. Although the effect of maternal alcohol consumption on the fetus has been studied for decades, there are still conflicting conclusions about the severity of myocardial morphological changes depending on the time, frequency and duration of alcohol consumption. Objective: to conduct a retrospective analysis of literature sources devoted to the study of adverse effects on the fetus caused by alcohol. Methods. The paper conducted a retrospective analysis of literature references and formed an understanding of the changes in the structure of the myocardium caused by teratogenic effects of alcohol. Results and conclusion. Analysis of literature sources showed a high level of adverse effects observed in offspring born to alcoholic mothers. Detrimental effects of alcohol cause changes in the myocardium at all levels of structural organization, including its ultrastructure. It was studied that prenatal exposure to ethanol induces significant changes in relative heart weight, left ventricular wall thickness and cardiomyocyte size. Exposure to high concentrations of alcohol in experimental animals during gestation can lead to congenital heart defects, such as atrial, ventricular, and septal defects. The main manifestation of the prenatal effect of alcohol after birth is the fetal alcohol syndrome, which combines various degrees of deviation in the development of the child.
{"title":"Teratogenic effect of alcohol on the myocardium of laboratory animals at the stages of prenatal ontogenesis (literature review)","authors":"O.A. Cherkas","doi":"10.26641/1997-9665.2021.3.30-38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26641/1997-9665.2021.3.30-38","url":null,"abstract":"Background. To date, close attention is paid to the problems of formation and development of the myocardium in general and in particular its structural components. This phenomenon is associated with an increase in cardiovascular malformations in both adults and infants. These defects can be caused by genetic factors, as well as various teratogenic substances. One such substance is alcohol. Despite the risks, many women still drink alcohol during pregnancy. The main problem is that almost half of pregnancies are unplanned, so a woman may continue to consume alcohol for several weeks before learning about her condition. Especially in young women, fertilization can occur in a state of intoxication. In addition, under the influence of ethanol, cardiac function may be impaired in the absence of structural abnormalities. Chronic alcohol intoxication causes changes in the myocardium at all levels of its structural organization. First of all, teratogenic changes caused by the action of ethanol affect the development of cardiomyocytes in the process of embryogenesis, which contributes to the underdevelopment of the structure or function of heart cells. Although the effect of maternal alcohol consumption on the fetus has been studied for decades, there are still conflicting conclusions about the severity of myocardial morphological changes depending on the time, frequency and duration of alcohol consumption. Objective: to conduct a retrospective analysis of literature sources devoted to the study of adverse effects on the fetus caused by alcohol. Methods. The paper conducted a retrospective analysis of literature references and formed an understanding of the changes in the structure of the myocardium caused by teratogenic effects of alcohol. Results and conclusion. Analysis of literature sources showed a high level of adverse effects observed in offspring born to alcoholic mothers. Detrimental effects of alcohol cause changes in the myocardium at all levels of structural organization, including its ultrastructure. It was studied that prenatal exposure to ethanol induces significant changes in relative heart weight, left ventricular wall thickness and cardiomyocyte size. Exposure to high concentrations of alcohol in experimental animals during gestation can lead to congenital heart defects, such as atrial, ventricular, and septal defects. The main manifestation of the prenatal effect of alcohol after birth is the fetal alcohol syndrome, which combines various degrees of deviation in the development of the child.","PeriodicalId":19107,"journal":{"name":"Morphologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77411090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-25DOI: 10.26641/1997-9665.2021.3.191-195
O. Ivantsiv
Background. Since mid-March 2020, the entire medical community of Ukraine has faced a new problem - the lack of experience and technical support for giving online classes. Purpose: to analyze the features of online training in the discipline of "Clinical Anatomy and Operative Surgery" for the second-year students of the medical faculty in IFNMU. Results. We have identified the benefits of online training. Thus, being at home, students can acquire knowledge under the conditions of constant mastering of educational material, so their theoretical basis will be quite thorough; online training also gives an opportunity to study the material anywhere with Internet access. In quiet home conditions online training provides mastering modern information and communication technologies. However, there are also the disadvantages of online training: the inability to form a consistent view and master practical skills in the discipline on their own, due to lack of necessary instruments, phantoms, models, etc., so it is difficult to obtain thorough knowledge, sometimes because of low capacity of the electronic network. Conclusion. In online training of the medical students, we outlined the following peculiarities of giving classes: remoteness, flexibility, mass, practicality, usability, economy, parallelism and modularity.
{"title":"Peculiarities of online training in the discipline of “Clinical anatomy and operative surgery” for the students of Ivano-Frankivsk national medical university","authors":"O. Ivantsiv","doi":"10.26641/1997-9665.2021.3.191-195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26641/1997-9665.2021.3.191-195","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Since mid-March 2020, the entire medical community of Ukraine has faced a new problem - the lack of experience and technical support for giving online classes. Purpose: to analyze the features of online training in the discipline of \"Clinical Anatomy and Operative Surgery\" for the second-year students of the medical faculty in IFNMU. Results. We have identified the benefits of online training. Thus, being at home, students can acquire knowledge under the conditions of constant mastering of educational material, so their theoretical basis will be quite thorough; online training also gives an opportunity to study the material anywhere with Internet access. In quiet home conditions online training provides mastering modern information and communication technologies. However, there are also the disadvantages of online training: the inability to form a consistent view and master practical skills in the discipline on their own, due to lack of necessary instruments, phantoms, models, etc., so it is difficult to obtain thorough knowledge, sometimes because of low capacity of the electronic network. Conclusion. In online training of the medical students, we outlined the following peculiarities of giving classes: remoteness, flexibility, mass, practicality, usability, economy, parallelism and modularity.","PeriodicalId":19107,"journal":{"name":"Morphologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84859974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-25DOI: 10.26641/1997-9665.2021.3.125-136
Y. Paltov, Z. Z. Masna, V. Fik, I. Chelpanova, N. Ambarova
Background. The problem of non-drug use of opioid drugs occupies a significant place among the current problems of world medicine. Objective. Тo study the hematological parameters of coagulation hemostasis in the norm and the dynamics of their changes at different times of opioid exposure. Methods. The experimental study was performed on sexually mature, outbred male rats in the number of 80 animals, weighing 160-270 g, aged 4.5-7.5 months. Animals were injected intramuscularly with “Nalbuphine” once daily for one day (10-11 hours in the morning) for 98 days. The initial dose of nalbuphine during the first 2 weeks was 0.212 mg / kg, the next 2 (II - IV weeks) - 0.225 mg / kg, the next (IV - VI weeks) - 0.252 mg / kg, the next (VI - VIII weeks) ) - 0.260 mg / kg, the next (VIII - X weeks) - 0.283 mg / kg, the next (X - XII weeks) - 0.3 mg / kg, and during (XII - XIV weeks) - 0.454 mg / kg. Thus, the conditions for chronic opioid exposure were created. Animals are divided into 3 groups. The 1-st group of animals received Nalbuphine for 98 days, with subsequent collection of material (end of 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 6 weeks, 8 weeks, 10 weeks, 12 weeks and 14 weeks of experimental opioid exposure); The 2-d was the control group, which for 98 days received injections of saline intramuscularly in one period of time (10 - 11 o'clock in the morning). Blood sampling and study of hematological parameters of blood (platelet count, prothrombin time, prothrombin index, time of recalcification of stabilized blood, total fibrinogen, determination of hemoglobin, hematocrit) were performed according to conventional methods. Software R v 4.0.3 and RStudio v 1.2.5042 were used for statistical calculations and graphing. MSOffice Excel 2010 spreadsheets were used to generate the final tables and store the data. Results. The key to the dynamics of changes in the blood parameters of experimental animals was week 6 of the experiment, as most indicators had the highest dynamics up to 6 weeks including further indicators of stability, which was higher (fibrinogen and prothrombin index) or less (prothrombin time, recalcification time and hemoglobin) indicators of the control group. The blood hematocrit of the experimental animals decreased evenly at all study terms to a minimum value at 14 week, and the number of platelets evenly all times increased to a maximum value at the last term of the experiment. This trend in all indicators was confirmed statistically. Conclusion. Our research has made it possible to study first and then observe the dynamics of changes in coagulation hemostasis and the degree of oxygenation of blood in acute, subchronic and chronic periods of experimental opioid exposure with subsequent statistical comparison.
{"title":"Statistical characteristics of the components of coagulation hemostasis and the degree of oxygenation of rat blood in the normal and at different times of the experimental opioid effect","authors":"Y. Paltov, Z. Z. Masna, V. Fik, I. Chelpanova, N. Ambarova","doi":"10.26641/1997-9665.2021.3.125-136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26641/1997-9665.2021.3.125-136","url":null,"abstract":"Background. The problem of non-drug use of opioid drugs occupies a significant place among the current problems of world medicine. Objective. Тo study the hematological parameters of coagulation hemostasis in the norm and the dynamics of their changes at different times of opioid exposure. Methods. The experimental study was performed on sexually mature, outbred male rats in the number of 80 animals, weighing 160-270 g, aged 4.5-7.5 months. Animals were injected intramuscularly with “Nalbuphine” once daily for one day (10-11 hours in the morning) for 98 days. The initial dose of nalbuphine during the first 2 weeks was 0.212 mg / kg, the next 2 (II - IV weeks) - 0.225 mg / kg, the next (IV - VI weeks) - 0.252 mg / kg, the next (VI - VIII weeks) ) - 0.260 mg / kg, the next (VIII - X weeks) - 0.283 mg / kg, the next (X - XII weeks) - 0.3 mg / kg, and during (XII - XIV weeks) - 0.454 mg / kg. Thus, the conditions for chronic opioid exposure were created. Animals are divided into 3 groups. The 1-st group of animals received Nalbuphine for 98 days, with subsequent collection of material (end of 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 6 weeks, 8 weeks, 10 weeks, 12 weeks and 14 weeks of experimental opioid exposure); The 2-d was the control group, which for 98 days received injections of saline intramuscularly in one period of time (10 - 11 o'clock in the morning). Blood sampling and study of hematological parameters of blood (platelet count, prothrombin time, prothrombin index, time of recalcification of stabilized blood, total fibrinogen, determination of hemoglobin, hematocrit) were performed according to conventional methods. Software R v 4.0.3 and RStudio v 1.2.5042 were used for statistical calculations and graphing. MSOffice Excel 2010 spreadsheets were used to generate the final tables and store the data. Results. The key to the dynamics of changes in the blood parameters of experimental animals was week 6 of the experiment, as most indicators had the highest dynamics up to 6 weeks including further indicators of stability, which was higher (fibrinogen and prothrombin index) or less (prothrombin time, recalcification time and hemoglobin) indicators of the control group. The blood hematocrit of the experimental animals decreased evenly at all study terms to a minimum value at 14 week, and the number of platelets evenly all times increased to a maximum value at the last term of the experiment. This trend in all indicators was confirmed statistically. Conclusion. Our research has made it possible to study first and then observe the dynamics of changes in coagulation hemostasis and the degree of oxygenation of blood in acute, subchronic and chronic periods of experimental opioid exposure with subsequent statistical comparison.","PeriodicalId":19107,"journal":{"name":"Morphologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73368771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-25DOI: 10.26641/1997-9665.2021.3.196-206
N. Maryenko, O. Stepanenko
Background. Fractal analysis is an informative and objective method of mathematical analysis that can complement existing methods of morphometry and provides a comprehensive quantitative assessment of the spatial configuration of irregular anatomical structures. Objective: a comparative analysis of fractal analysis methods used for morphometry in biomedical research. Methods. A comprehensive analysis of morphological studies, based on fractal analysis. Results. Different types of medical images with different preprocessing algorithms can be used for fractal analysis. The parameter determined by fractal analysis is the fractal dimension, which is a measure of the complexity of the spatial configuration and the degree of filling of space with a certain geometric object. The most known methods of fractal analysis are the following: box counting, caliper, pixel dilation, "mass-radius", cumulative intersection, grid intercept. The box counting method and its modifications is the most commonly used method due to the simplicity and versatility. Different methods of fractal analysis have a similar principle: fractal measures (different geometric figures) of a certain size completely cover the structure in the image, size of fractal measure is iteratively changed, and the minimum number of fractal measures covering the structure is calculated. Methods of fractal analysis differ in the type of fractal measure, which can be a linear segment, a square of a fractal grid, a cube, a circle, a sphere etc. Conclusion. The choice of the method of fractal analysis and image preprocessing method depends on the studied structure, features of its spatial configuration, the type of image used for the analysis, and the aim of the study.
{"title":"Fractal analysis of images in medicine and morphology: basic principles and methodologies","authors":"N. Maryenko, O. Stepanenko","doi":"10.26641/1997-9665.2021.3.196-206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26641/1997-9665.2021.3.196-206","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Fractal analysis is an informative and objective method of mathematical analysis that can complement existing methods of morphometry and provides a comprehensive quantitative assessment of the spatial configuration of irregular anatomical structures. Objective: a comparative analysis of fractal analysis methods used for morphometry in biomedical research. Methods. A comprehensive analysis of morphological studies, based on fractal analysis. Results. Different types of medical images with different preprocessing algorithms can be used for fractal analysis. The parameter determined by fractal analysis is the fractal dimension, which is a measure of the complexity of the spatial configuration and the degree of filling of space with a certain geometric object. The most known methods of fractal analysis are the following: box counting, caliper, pixel dilation, \"mass-radius\", cumulative intersection, grid intercept. The box counting method and its modifications is the most commonly used method due to the simplicity and versatility. Different methods of fractal analysis have a similar principle: fractal measures (different geometric figures) of a certain size completely cover the structure in the image, size of fractal measure is iteratively changed, and the minimum number of fractal measures covering the structure is calculated. Methods of fractal analysis differ in the type of fractal measure, which can be a linear segment, a square of a fractal grid, a cube, a circle, a sphere etc. Conclusion. The choice of the method of fractal analysis and image preprocessing method depends on the studied structure, features of its spatial configuration, the type of image used for the analysis, and the aim of the study.","PeriodicalId":19107,"journal":{"name":"Morphologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83140464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-25DOI: 10.26641/1997-9665.2021.3.220-226
V. Skoryk, V.O. Гайсановская, H.S. Babii
Background. Nowadays distance learning is a necessary measure under pandemic circumstances, therefore, it is important to find out mechanisms to improve its effectiveness. Objective is to increase the efficiency of practical classes’ results during distance learning. Methods. Sixty third course international EAs (specialty "222 Medicine", second master's level) were divided into two equal groups with two different teaching approaches of practical classes: control with classical one (material discussion followed by the practical skills implementation) and experimental with a changed indicated stages order. The data of 3 controls (pretest, intermediate test and posttest) during practical classes in the course of one semester were analyzed by criteria for non-normal distribution. Results. Pretest and posttest results were not significantly different in both tested and control groups within different performing level EAs (p>0.05). The data of intermediate tests were familiar in groups of EAs who permanently have either average (p>0.05) or insufficient grades (p>0.05), but increased in groups of EAs with constant low (p≤0,05) and high (p<0,05) scores. Conclusion. Our study showed that academic performance did not heavily depend on performed practical classes’ structure. However, the critical discussion of low- and high-performing EAs' mistakes lead to improvement of their understanding of nuances of gross specimen and slide description, in other words, the implementation of a number of special and general competencies enhancement. All in all, data showd that exit control results as well as final grades depended not so much on the educational approach, but on the EAs' self-study.
{"title":"The peculiarities of practical classes structure during the distance learning on morphology orientated departments","authors":"V. Skoryk, V.O. Гайсановская, H.S. Babii","doi":"10.26641/1997-9665.2021.3.220-226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26641/1997-9665.2021.3.220-226","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Nowadays distance learning is a necessary measure under pandemic circumstances, therefore, it is important to find out mechanisms to improve its effectiveness. Objective is to increase the efficiency of practical classes’ results during distance learning. Methods. Sixty third course international EAs (specialty \"222 Medicine\", second master's level) were divided into two equal groups with two different teaching approaches of practical classes: control with classical one (material discussion followed by the practical skills implementation) and experimental with a changed indicated stages order. The data of 3 controls (pretest, intermediate test and posttest) during practical classes in the course of one semester were analyzed by criteria for non-normal distribution. Results. Pretest and posttest results were not significantly different in both tested and control groups within different performing level EAs (p>0.05). The data of intermediate tests were familiar in groups of EAs who permanently have either average (p>0.05) or insufficient grades (p>0.05), but increased in groups of EAs with constant low (p≤0,05) and high (p<0,05) scores. Conclusion. Our study showed that academic performance did not heavily depend on performed practical classes’ structure. However, the critical discussion of low- and high-performing EAs' mistakes lead to improvement of their understanding of nuances of gross specimen and slide description, in other words, the implementation of a number of special and general competencies enhancement. All in all, data showd that exit control results as well as final grades depended not so much on the educational approach, but on the EAs' self-study.","PeriodicalId":19107,"journal":{"name":"Morphologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87143028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-25DOI: 10.26641/1997-9665.2021.3.137-147
M. Pankiv, Z. Z. Masna, I. Chelpanova, O. Dudok, M. Kovalska
Background. Patients with degenerative diseases of the spine - "difficult patients". Often, exhausted by long-term pain, they have a dependence, and sometimes tolerance to various analgesics, which greatly reduces the effectiveness of routinely used in the hospital anesthesia. Objective. The aim of our work was to study the features of pathomorphological manifestations of the structural components of the intervertebral disc at different terms of opioid influence and at the difference at the ultrastructural level in the experiment. Methods. The material of the study were sexually mature, white, nonlinear rats - males in the amount of 90 hundred animals, weighing 92 - 103 g, aged 4.5 months. Animals were injected with Nalbuphine at home, once daily for one day (10-11 am) for 42 days. The initial dose of Nalbuphine was 8 mg / kg during the first week, 15 mg / kg during the second week; 20 mg / kg during the third week; 25 mg / kg during the fourth week; 30 mg / kg during the fifth week and 35 mg / kg during the sixth week of the experimental opioid effect. Thus created the conditions for chronic opioid exposure. Intervertebral discs of rats were used as material for ultrastructural study. Results and conclusion. As a result of our study, we found that at the end of 21 days we found the progression of alternative changes in the cellular elements of the gelatinous nucleus, characterized by the development of necrotic changes in notochondral cells, as well as chondroptosis of chondrocytes. Preserved notochondral cells were rarely visualized. In some places, there were notochondral cells in which the nucleus disintegrated into separate fragments filled with heterochromatin, and the remains of organelle membranes were localized in the enlightened cytoplasm. Pronounced destructive changes were found in chondrocytes. After 28 days, the changes progressed, this was manifested by the fact that in the pulpal nucleus there were extensive cell-free zones filled with a significant amount of granular intensely osmophilic mass. Notochondral cells and most chondrocytes underwent necrotic changes. After 35 days at the ultrastructural level revealed pronounced changes in the structural elements of the gelatinous nucleus and fibrous ring. Extensive cell-free zones were localized in the gelatinous nucleus, with a somewhat compacted matrix in which an intensely osmophilic fine-grained deep mass accumulated. With the abolition of opioid exposure at the end of 56 days, we found pronounced changes in notochondral cells and in the vast majority of chondrocytes. The matrix of the gelatinous nucleus was compacted, it showed thickened collagen fibrils. Most of the cellular elements of the gelatinous nucleus were at different stages of necrosis, and some chondrocytes - chondroptosis. Vacuoles filled with enlightened contents also appeared in the cytoplasm. The nucleus was compacted, condensation of chromatin was observed. In such areas, the fibrils of collagen fibers were loose
{"title":"Dynamics of pathomorphological changes of ultrastructural organization of intervertebral disc at different terms of experimental opioid influence and with its cancellation","authors":"M. Pankiv, Z. Z. Masna, I. Chelpanova, O. Dudok, M. Kovalska","doi":"10.26641/1997-9665.2021.3.137-147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26641/1997-9665.2021.3.137-147","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Patients with degenerative diseases of the spine - \"difficult patients\". Often, exhausted by long-term pain, they have a dependence, and sometimes tolerance to various analgesics, which greatly reduces the effectiveness of routinely used in the hospital anesthesia. Objective. The aim of our work was to study the features of pathomorphological manifestations of the structural components of the intervertebral disc at different terms of opioid influence and at the difference at the ultrastructural level in the experiment. Methods. The material of the study were sexually mature, white, nonlinear rats - males in the amount of 90 hundred animals, weighing 92 - 103 g, aged 4.5 months. Animals were injected with Nalbuphine at home, once daily for one day (10-11 am) for 42 days. The initial dose of Nalbuphine was 8 mg / kg during the first week, 15 mg / kg during the second week; 20 mg / kg during the third week; 25 mg / kg during the fourth week; 30 mg / kg during the fifth week and 35 mg / kg during the sixth week of the experimental opioid effect. Thus created the conditions for chronic opioid exposure. Intervertebral discs of rats were used as material for ultrastructural study. Results and conclusion. As a result of our study, we found that at the end of 21 days we found the progression of alternative changes in the cellular elements of the gelatinous nucleus, characterized by the development of necrotic changes in notochondral cells, as well as chondroptosis of chondrocytes. Preserved notochondral cells were rarely visualized. In some places, there were notochondral cells in which the nucleus disintegrated into separate fragments filled with heterochromatin, and the remains of organelle membranes were localized in the enlightened cytoplasm. Pronounced destructive changes were found in chondrocytes. After 28 days, the changes progressed, this was manifested by the fact that in the pulpal nucleus there were extensive cell-free zones filled with a significant amount of granular intensely osmophilic mass. Notochondral cells and most chondrocytes underwent necrotic changes. After 35 days at the ultrastructural level revealed pronounced changes in the structural elements of the gelatinous nucleus and fibrous ring. Extensive cell-free zones were localized in the gelatinous nucleus, with a somewhat compacted matrix in which an intensely osmophilic fine-grained deep mass accumulated. With the abolition of opioid exposure at the end of 56 days, we found pronounced changes in notochondral cells and in the vast majority of chondrocytes. The matrix of the gelatinous nucleus was compacted, it showed thickened collagen fibrils. Most of the cellular elements of the gelatinous nucleus were at different stages of necrosis, and some chondrocytes - chondroptosis. Vacuoles filled with enlightened contents also appeared in the cytoplasm. The nucleus was compacted, condensation of chromatin was observed. In such areas, the fibrils of collagen fibers were loose","PeriodicalId":19107,"journal":{"name":"Morphologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79493823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-25DOI: 10.26641/1997-9665.2021.3.175-179
I. Chelpanova, O. Masna-Chala, A. Yashchenko, Z. Z. Masna, Kh. I. Rudnytska
Background. The problem of restoration the integrity of the dentition after tooth loss remains one of the most problematic dental issues. Мodern dental technologies open a promising direction in its solution, in particular - the method of dental implantation. Objective. The aim of our work was to study the changes that occur in the bone tissue of the mandible after implantation of titanium foam and to determine the effect of shock wave therapy (SWT) on its structure restoration. Methods. The study was performed on 15 adult rabbits aged 6-7 months, weighing 2.5-3 kg. The animals from the experimental groups were implanted with titanium pin, 3 mm long. The pin was implanted under combined anesthesia bilaterally into the body of the mandible. One day after the operation, the animals received SWT 500 pulses with a frequency of 5 Hz and a maximum pressure at the wavefront of 1.2 Bar per implantation site using the device Storz Medical Master Plus MP 100. The animals were removed from the experiment on 15-th day, after which the mandible was disarticulated and radiographically performed. The obtained results were statistically significant. The differences at p<0.05 were considered significant. Results. The results showed that the bone tissue of the jaws during implantation undergoes traumatic injury, the results of which, two weeks after surgery on radiographs we can clearly see a violation of the bone tissue structure and a significant increase in its density. Using the SWT method, we obtained a positive dynamics of bone density after titanium pin implantation and slight Rh-changes in bone structure compared with normal. Conclusion. Аfter implantation with titanium pin the bone density of the rabbit lower jaw body is significantly reduced, X-ray shows the heterogeneity of bone structure, areas of sclerosis are expressed. Shock wave therapy helps to restore the quality of bone tissue, this is confirmed by the fact that the density indicators are close to the norm and X-ray shows some separate small areas of restructuring of bone tissue heterogeneity, mainly due to merging the pattern of the bone trabeculae of the bone cancellous part.
背景。牙齿脱落后牙列的完整性修复问题仍然是最棘手的牙科问题之一。Мodern牙科技术在其解决方案中开辟了一个有前途的方向，特别是牙种植方法。目标。我们的研究目的是研究泡沫钛植入后下颌骨骨组织的变化，并确定冲击波治疗(SWT)对其结构恢复的影响。方法。研究对象为15只6-7月龄、体重2.5-3 kg的成年兔子。实验组动物植入长3mm的钛针。在双侧联合麻醉下将针植入下颌骨。手术后一天，动物使用Storz Medical Master Plus MP 100装置接受频率为5 Hz的SWT 500脉冲，每个植入部位的波前最大压力为1.2 Bar。第15天将动物从实验中取出，随后拆除下颌骨并进行x线摄影。所得结果具有统计学意义。p<0.05为显著性差异。结果。结果表明，在植入过程中颌骨的骨组织受到了创伤性损伤，结果，术后两周的x线片上我们可以清楚地看到骨组织结构的破坏和密度的明显增加。采用SWT方法，我们获得了钛针植入后骨密度的正动态变化，骨结构与正常相比有轻微的rh变化。结论。Аfter植入钛针后兔下颌骨体骨密度明显降低，x线显示骨结构不均匀，有硬化区表达。冲击波治疗有助于骨组织质量的恢复，密度指标接近正常值，x线显示一些单独的小区域的骨组织重构不均匀，这主要是由于合并骨松质部分的骨小梁的模式。
{"title":"Dynamics of the mandible bone tissue condition after the dental implantation and shockwave therapy","authors":"I. Chelpanova, O. Masna-Chala, A. Yashchenko, Z. Z. Masna, Kh. I. Rudnytska","doi":"10.26641/1997-9665.2021.3.175-179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26641/1997-9665.2021.3.175-179","url":null,"abstract":"Background. The problem of restoration the integrity of the dentition after tooth loss remains one of the most problematic dental issues. Мodern dental technologies open a promising direction in its solution, in particular - the method of dental implantation. Objective. The aim of our work was to study the changes that occur in the bone tissue of the mandible after implantation of titanium foam and to determine the effect of shock wave therapy (SWT) on its structure restoration. Methods. The study was performed on 15 adult rabbits aged 6-7 months, weighing 2.5-3 kg. The animals from the experimental groups were implanted with titanium pin, 3 mm long. The pin was implanted under combined anesthesia bilaterally into the body of the mandible. One day after the operation, the animals received SWT 500 pulses with a frequency of 5 Hz and a maximum pressure at the wavefront of 1.2 Bar per implantation site using the device Storz Medical Master Plus MP 100. The animals were removed from the experiment on 15-th day, after which the mandible was disarticulated and radiographically performed. The obtained results were statistically significant. The differences at p<0.05 were considered significant. Results. The results showed that the bone tissue of the jaws during implantation undergoes traumatic injury, the results of which, two weeks after surgery on radiographs we can clearly see a violation of the bone tissue structure and a significant increase in its density. Using the SWT method, we obtained a positive dynamics of bone density after titanium pin implantation and slight Rh-changes in bone structure compared with normal. Conclusion. Аfter implantation with titanium pin the bone density of the rabbit lower jaw body is significantly reduced, X-ray shows the heterogeneity of bone structure, areas of sclerosis are expressed. Shock wave therapy helps to restore the quality of bone tissue, this is confirmed by the fact that the density indicators are close to the norm and X-ray shows some separate small areas of restructuring of bone tissue heterogeneity, mainly due to merging the pattern of the bone trabeculae of the bone cancellous part.","PeriodicalId":19107,"journal":{"name":"Morphologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83627480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-21DOI: 10.26641/1997-9665.2021.2.31-38
M. Ostrovskyi
Background. Paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy (PIPN) is a major side effect of paclitaxel in patients with cancer with no fully known mechanisms. The aim of the study was to investigate the fine sub-microscopic structure of the spinal cord anterior horn neurons in PIPN combined with 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine succinate administration. Methods. The experiment was performed on 80 white rats, which were administered intraperitoneally with Paclitaxel (Actavis, Romania), pre-dissolved in an isotonic saline at a dose of 2 mg / kg body weight four times a day to achieve a dose of 8 mg / kg. Then 48 of these animals were injected intraperitoneally 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine succinate at a dose of 10 mg / kg (32 rats received intraperitoneally water for injection). Observation periods were 1, 7, 14, 21, 28 days. Results. We found that 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine corrects the morpho-functional state of the motor neurons of the spinal cord and revealed a positive metabolic effect on them. Conclusion. This was manifested by the improvement of the electron microscopic picture of the neuronal structures responsible for their protein-synthetic (granular endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes and polysomes), respiratory (mitochondria), and protective (lysosomes) functions.
{"title":"Correction of ultrastructural paclitaxel-induced spinal cord motoneurons lesions","authors":"M. Ostrovskyi","doi":"10.26641/1997-9665.2021.2.31-38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26641/1997-9665.2021.2.31-38","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy (PIPN) is a major side effect of paclitaxel in patients with cancer with no fully known mechanisms. The aim of the study was to investigate the fine sub-microscopic structure of the spinal cord anterior horn neurons in PIPN combined with 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine succinate administration. Methods. The experiment was performed on 80 white rats, which were administered intraperitoneally with Paclitaxel (Actavis, Romania), pre-dissolved in an isotonic saline at a dose of 2 mg / kg body weight four times a day to achieve a dose of 8 mg / kg. Then 48 of these animals were injected intraperitoneally 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine succinate at a dose of 10 mg / kg (32 rats received intraperitoneally water for injection). Observation periods were 1, 7, 14, 21, 28 days. Results. We found that 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine corrects the morpho-functional state of the motor neurons of the spinal cord and revealed a positive metabolic effect on them. Conclusion. This was manifested by the improvement of the electron microscopic picture of the neuronal structures responsible for their protein-synthetic (granular endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes and polysomes), respiratory (mitochondria), and protective (lysosomes) functions.","PeriodicalId":19107,"journal":{"name":"Morphologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74530999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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