Pub Date : 2021-12-28DOI: 10.26641/1997-9665.2021.1.28-38
T. Borysova, I. Tverdokhlib, O. Obolonska, A. Korolenko, K. Diahovets, D. Surkov, T. Usenko
Background. Kidney has protracted nephrogenesis and depend on hemodynamic changes on the highest level in support of natural transition to extrauterine circulation. Fetal communications like Ductus Arteriosus take part in the shunting from the aorta to the pulmonary artery. Increase of this shunting of the blood leads to hyperperfusion with hypoxic changes of some development systems of organs with protracted morphogenesis so like kidneys. Objective. To determine the features of postnatal morphogenesis of the kidneys in premature infants with a gestational age of 25 to 35 weeks on the background of an open ductus arteriosus. Methods. 21 autopsy material premature infant’s kidney which were fixed by 10%-formalin and then were subjected to the standard histological procedures. Slides were stained by hematoxylin and eosin. We used the complex of histological and morphometric methods. There were created 3-demenshional models of kidney’s fragments. We carried out biometrical and statistical analysis. Results. During our research it was determines that the changes of the volume of the functional parenchyma of the kidney and the diameter of the Ductus Arteriosus became in inverse relationship. The wider the duct the smaller the volume of the functional parenchyma because of atrophic and necrotic changes during the late stages of glomerulo- and tubulogenesis. These changes could be distinguished by the quantitative density of development on three germinate layers of the cortex of kidney. Сonclusion. Summing up, it determined the retardation of glomerulogenesis particularly superficial area of the cortex because of the opened Ductus Arteriosus.
{"title":"Morphological characteristic of premature infants’s kidneys with opened Ductus Arteriosis (by the autopsy).","authors":"T. Borysova, I. Tverdokhlib, O. Obolonska, A. Korolenko, K. Diahovets, D. Surkov, T. Usenko","doi":"10.26641/1997-9665.2021.1.28-38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26641/1997-9665.2021.1.28-38","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Kidney has protracted nephrogenesis and depend on hemodynamic changes on the highest level in support of natural transition to extrauterine circulation. Fetal communications like Ductus Arteriosus take part in the shunting from the aorta to the pulmonary artery. Increase of this shunting of the blood leads to hyperperfusion with hypoxic changes of some development systems of organs with protracted morphogenesis so like kidneys. Objective. To determine the features of postnatal morphogenesis of the kidneys in premature infants with a gestational age of 25 to 35 weeks on the background of an open ductus arteriosus. Methods. 21 autopsy material premature infant’s kidney which were fixed by 10%-formalin and then were subjected to the standard histological procedures. Slides were stained by hematoxylin and eosin. We used the complex of histological and morphometric methods. There were created 3-demenshional models of kidney’s fragments. We carried out biometrical and statistical analysis. Results. During our research it was determines that the changes of the volume of the functional parenchyma of the kidney and the diameter of the Ductus Arteriosus became in inverse relationship. The wider the duct the smaller the volume of the functional parenchyma because of atrophic and necrotic changes during the late stages of glomerulo- and tubulogenesis. These changes could be distinguished by the quantitative density of development on three germinate layers of the cortex of kidney. Сonclusion. Summing up, it determined the retardation of glomerulogenesis particularly superficial area of the cortex because of the opened Ductus Arteriosus.","PeriodicalId":19107,"journal":{"name":"Morphologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73012519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-28DOI: 10.26641/1997-9665.2021.1.39-47
N. Galatenko, D. Kuliesh, R. Rozhnova, V. Gritsenko, L. Narazhayko
Background. The creation of polymeric composite materials with pronounced biological activity, which are able to act as implants with local prolonged action of the immobilized substance can be widely used in medical practice. Objective. Study of cellular reactions of surrounding tissues of experimental animals to implantation of polymeric composite materials based on isocyanurate-containing polyurethanes with ifosfamide, study of histotoxicity of the obtained materials by tissue culture method. Methods. Polymeric composite materials based on isocyanate-containing polyurethanes without and with ifosfamide were implanted into the body of white laboratory Wistar rats. Cellular responses of the organism and possible changes in the structure of test specimens after implantation were studied by light microscopy by analysis of histological micropreparations. In order to study the peculiarities of the dynamics of growth and development of fibroblastic elements, the method of tissue culture was used. Results. Conducted biological studies by in vivo and in vitro methods allowed to evaluate the effect of immobilized ifosfamide in the structure of isocyanurate-containing polyurethanes on cellular reactions of surrounding tissues during implantation in experimental animals, as well as the effect of extracts from developed polymer samples on cultured cell growth. Conclusion. It was found that the implantation of isocyanurate-containing polyurethanes with ifosfamide led to the development of intense cellular reactions in the area of implant placement, primarily the reaction of round cell elements. The presence of ifosfamide in the structure of the polymeric implantation material probably affected the proliferation of cellular elements, inhibited regenerative processes in the early stages of the study and delayed the formation of a mature connective tissue capsule around the implanted samples. The tissue culture method showed that when making an extract of isocyanurate-containing polyurethanes with ifosfamide in the culture medium, there was a large variability of cell forms, which led to the appearance of macrophage-like elements.
{"title":"Assessment of bioscompatibility of isocyanurate-containing polyurethanes with ifosphamide by in vivo and in vitro methods.","authors":"N. Galatenko, D. Kuliesh, R. Rozhnova, V. Gritsenko, L. Narazhayko","doi":"10.26641/1997-9665.2021.1.39-47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26641/1997-9665.2021.1.39-47","url":null,"abstract":"Background. The creation of polymeric composite materials with pronounced biological activity, which are able to act as implants with local prolonged action of the immobilized substance can be widely used in medical practice. Objective. Study of cellular reactions of surrounding tissues of experimental animals to implantation of polymeric composite materials based on isocyanurate-containing polyurethanes with ifosfamide, study of histotoxicity of the obtained materials by tissue culture method. Methods. Polymeric composite materials based on isocyanate-containing polyurethanes without and with ifosfamide were implanted into the body of white laboratory Wistar rats. Cellular responses of the organism and possible changes in the structure of test specimens after implantation were studied by light microscopy by analysis of histological micropreparations. In order to study the peculiarities of the dynamics of growth and development of fibroblastic elements, the method of tissue culture was used. Results. Conducted biological studies by in vivo and in vitro methods allowed to evaluate the effect of immobilized ifosfamide in the structure of isocyanurate-containing polyurethanes on cellular reactions of surrounding tissues during implantation in experimental animals, as well as the effect of extracts from developed polymer samples on cultured cell growth. Conclusion. It was found that the implantation of isocyanurate-containing polyurethanes with ifosfamide led to the development of intense cellular reactions in the area of implant placement, primarily the reaction of round cell elements. The presence of ifosfamide in the structure of the polymeric implantation material probably affected the proliferation of cellular elements, inhibited regenerative processes in the early stages of the study and delayed the formation of a mature connective tissue capsule around the implanted samples. The tissue culture method showed that when making an extract of isocyanurate-containing polyurethanes with ifosfamide in the culture medium, there was a large variability of cell forms, which led to the appearance of macrophage-like elements.","PeriodicalId":19107,"journal":{"name":"Morphologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85570011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-25DOI: 10.26641/1997-9665.2021.3.66-75
G. Gubina-Vakulik, Y. Zorenko
Background. The relationship between choline deficiency and vascular dysfunction continues to be relevant in the study of Alzheimer's disease. Objective. To study the morphological characteristics of vascular injury within the conditions of choline deficiency in rats with scopolamine-induced Alzheimer's type dementia. Methods. The experiment was performed on 48 WAG population male rats weighing 180-230 gr. Rats from groups Scop-14, Scop-14-SC, Scop-28, Scop-28-SC were injected intraperitoneally with scopolamine (Scop) butylbromide at a dosage of 1 mg/kg of body mass during 14 and 28 days and intravenously with mesenchymal stem cells (SC) at a single dosage of 500000 cells per 1 rat. Control animals (gr.C) were injected with 0.9% sodium chloride. Brain slides were stained with Congo-red and gallocyanine-chromium alum according to Einarson's method for total nucleic acids. The VEGF, E-cadherin expression was immunohistochemically determined in the brain cells cytoplasm. Results. The congophilic staining of the arteries walls, a decrease in endothelial cells with low the E-cadherin expression and an increase in the number of pericytes in the capillary wall was observed in the experimental groups. In gr.Scop-28 VEGF expression in endothelial cells, hippocampal neurons was greater than in gr.Scop-14. It indicated more intensive activation of angiogenesis and acetylcholine synthesis with correspondingly more pronounced vascular damage and choline deficiency. The cytoplasm of cortical neurons was diffusely labeled with VEGF antibodies in response to hypoxia, but the level of expression was almost no different from that in gr.C. In all groups, the optical density of the neuropile of the large hemispheres according to Einarson’s staining was reduced, i.e., the level of RNA in the neuronal processes was reduced. The introduction of stem cells restored the capillary wall due to young endothelial cells, reduced the VEFG synthesis in all studied cells and increased the RNA content in neuronal processes. Conclusion. The relationship between choline deficiency, neuronal process loss and vascular damage has been found. The blood vessels self-repair was occurred by substitution, after the stem cells introduction - by restitution.
{"title":"The role of vascular injury within the conditions of choline deficiency in rats with scopolamine-induced alzheimer's type dementia","authors":"G. Gubina-Vakulik, Y. Zorenko","doi":"10.26641/1997-9665.2021.3.66-75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26641/1997-9665.2021.3.66-75","url":null,"abstract":"Background. The relationship between choline deficiency and vascular dysfunction continues to be relevant in the study of Alzheimer's disease. Objective. To study the morphological characteristics of vascular injury within the conditions of choline deficiency in rats with scopolamine-induced Alzheimer's type dementia. Methods. The experiment was performed on 48 WAG population male rats weighing 180-230 gr. Rats from groups Scop-14, Scop-14-SC, Scop-28, Scop-28-SC were injected intraperitoneally with scopolamine (Scop) butylbromide at a dosage of 1 mg/kg of body mass during 14 and 28 days and intravenously with mesenchymal stem cells (SC) at a single dosage of 500000 cells per 1 rat. Control animals (gr.C) were injected with 0.9% sodium chloride. Brain slides were stained with Congo-red and gallocyanine-chromium alum according to Einarson's method for total nucleic acids. The VEGF, E-cadherin expression was immunohistochemically determined in the brain cells cytoplasm. Results. The congophilic staining of the arteries walls, a decrease in endothelial cells with low the E-cadherin expression and an increase in the number of pericytes in the capillary wall was observed in the experimental groups. In gr.Scop-28 VEGF expression in endothelial cells, hippocampal neurons was greater than in gr.Scop-14. It indicated more intensive activation of angiogenesis and acetylcholine synthesis with correspondingly more pronounced vascular damage and choline deficiency. The cytoplasm of cortical neurons was diffusely labeled with VEGF antibodies in response to hypoxia, but the level of expression was almost no different from that in gr.C. In all groups, the optical density of the neuropile of the large hemispheres according to Einarson’s staining was reduced, i.e., the level of RNA in the neuronal processes was reduced. The introduction of stem cells restored the capillary wall due to young endothelial cells, reduced the VEFG synthesis in all studied cells and increased the RNA content in neuronal processes. Conclusion. The relationship between choline deficiency, neuronal process loss and vascular damage has been found. The blood vessels self-repair was occurred by substitution, after the stem cells introduction - by restitution.","PeriodicalId":19107,"journal":{"name":"Morphologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74105585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-25DOI: 10.26641/1997-9665.2021.3.167-174
M.N. Tsytovskyi, M. Logash, I. Savka, G. Dmytriv
Background. Atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases, as well as coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and peripheral artery disease (probably caused by atherosclerosis), are the leading cause of disability and mortality in people with diabetes. Objective. The purpose of our study was to determine the histostructural features and morphometric analysis of the components of the aortic wall and its hemomicrocirculatory bed after 2 and 4 weeks of streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus. Methods. The samples for the histology were the sections of the wall of the ascending part, the aortic arch, and the descending part of the aorta of 26 mature white male rats weighing 100 - 160 g. For morphometric examination, a series of images of the aortic wall was taken using a Meiji MT4300 LED microscope with an x40 objective, x10 eyepiece. Results and conclusion. The measurements were carried out using the ImageJ software. The development of micro- and macroangiopathies in experimental animals with 8-week streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus was histologically proved. Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference of all morphometric parameters of both - the components of the aortic wall and the vessels of its hemomicrocirculatory bed after 4 weeks of experimental diabetes in comparison with the norm, control, and the 2-nd week of the experiment. An explicit dependency of the severity of destructive changes in the wall of the aorta and links of its hemomicrocirculatory bed of vessels on the duration of the experiment was determined.
{"title":"Features of angioarchitectonics and structure of the aortic wall of white rats in the early stages of experimental diabetes mellitus","authors":"M.N. Tsytovskyi, M. Logash, I. Savka, G. Dmytriv","doi":"10.26641/1997-9665.2021.3.167-174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26641/1997-9665.2021.3.167-174","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases, as well as coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and peripheral artery disease (probably caused by atherosclerosis), are the leading cause of disability and mortality in people with diabetes. Objective. The purpose of our study was to determine the histostructural features and morphometric analysis of the components of the aortic wall and its hemomicrocirculatory bed after 2 and 4 weeks of streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus. Methods. The samples for the histology were the sections of the wall of the ascending part, the aortic arch, and the descending part of the aorta of 26 mature white male rats weighing 100 - 160 g. For morphometric examination, a series of images of the aortic wall was taken using a Meiji MT4300 LED microscope with an x40 objective, x10 eyepiece. Results and conclusion. The measurements were carried out using the ImageJ software. The development of micro- and macroangiopathies in experimental animals with 8-week streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus was histologically proved. Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference of all morphometric parameters of both - the components of the aortic wall and the vessels of its hemomicrocirculatory bed after 4 weeks of experimental diabetes in comparison with the norm, control, and the 2-nd week of the experiment. An explicit dependency of the severity of destructive changes in the wall of the aorta and links of its hemomicrocirculatory bed of vessels on the duration of the experiment was determined.","PeriodicalId":19107,"journal":{"name":"Morphologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78915931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-25DOI: 10.26641/1997-9665.2021.3.162-166
O. Tsyhykalo, I. Popova, A. Khodorovska, G. M. Chernikova
Background. One of topical areas of morphological research is features of topographic a relationships of the vascular, nervous, muscular, fascial and cartilaginous structures of the neck in prenatal period of human ontogenesis, as data on their formation at different stages of development will improve diagnostic methods of visualization and surgical correction of congenital and acquired pathologies of head and neck. Objective. To find out the peculiarities of synthopia of vascular and muscular structures of the lateral cervical region in human prefetuses. Methods. 9 human prenatal specimens aged 9-12 weeks of prenatal development have been studied by using a set of morphological methods, according to existing bioethical norms. Results. During 9th week of development, bony and musclar boundaries of the lateral triangle of the neck, the carotid vagina, and the components of the vascular-nervous bundle of the neck have been determined. Within the carotid triangle, the external carotid artery is located superficially; it is crossed frontally by the cervical branch of facial nerve and the sublingual nerve. The superior thyroid artery departs from the external carotid artery at the level of the cartilaginous model of the large horns of hyoid bone and passes to the rudiment of thyroid gland. Retropharyngeal space is found at 9th week of development, moderately filled with adipose tissue. The anterior vertebral plate of the cervical fascia forms the bottom for posterior triangle of neck. Conclusion. The lateral cervical region in human prefetuses is represented by a multilayered topographic zone with formed boundaries and contents. Cervical fascia forms carotid vagina within the carotid triangle, and pharyngeal space. The course of blood vessels and nerves within the lateral cervical region is variable. Three-dimensional reconstructions of prefetuses serve as evidence of the early formation of definitive topographic connections within early bony and cartilaginous models in relation to the muscles of the anterior and lateral cervical regions.
{"title":"Topographic and anatomical features of muscular and vascular structures in lateral cervical region during prenatal period of human ontogenesis","authors":"O. Tsyhykalo, I. Popova, A. Khodorovska, G. M. Chernikova","doi":"10.26641/1997-9665.2021.3.162-166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26641/1997-9665.2021.3.162-166","url":null,"abstract":"Background. One of topical areas of morphological research is features of topographic a relationships of the vascular, nervous, muscular, fascial and cartilaginous structures of the neck in prenatal period of human ontogenesis, as data on their formation at different stages of development will improve diagnostic methods of visualization and surgical correction of congenital and acquired pathologies of head and neck. Objective. To find out the peculiarities of synthopia of vascular and muscular structures of the lateral cervical region in human prefetuses. Methods. 9 human prenatal specimens aged 9-12 weeks of prenatal development have been studied by using a set of morphological methods, according to existing bioethical norms. Results. During 9th week of development, bony and musclar boundaries of the lateral triangle of the neck, the carotid vagina, and the components of the vascular-nervous bundle of the neck have been determined. Within the carotid triangle, the external carotid artery is located superficially; it is crossed frontally by the cervical branch of facial nerve and the sublingual nerve. The superior thyroid artery departs from the external carotid artery at the level of the cartilaginous model of the large horns of hyoid bone and passes to the rudiment of thyroid gland. Retropharyngeal space is found at 9th week of development, moderately filled with adipose tissue. The anterior vertebral plate of the cervical fascia forms the bottom for posterior triangle of neck. Conclusion. The lateral cervical region in human prefetuses is represented by a multilayered topographic zone with formed boundaries and contents. Cervical fascia forms carotid vagina within the carotid triangle, and pharyngeal space. The course of blood vessels and nerves within the lateral cervical region is variable. Three-dimensional reconstructions of prefetuses serve as evidence of the early formation of definitive topographic connections within early bony and cartilaginous models in relation to the muscles of the anterior and lateral cervical regions.","PeriodicalId":19107,"journal":{"name":"Morphologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85567348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-25DOI: 10.26641/1997-9665.2021.3.187-190
G. V. Dovhal, M. Zharikov, M. Dovhal
This article presents a model of classes and assessment on the subject of human anatomy and a comparative analysis of performance in full-time and distance education and assessment on the example of students studying at the Department of Human Anatomy DSMU, specialty "Medicine". The main principles and advantages of this model are: 1) the complexity of teaching material and assessment, which covers all teaching aids and types of control, as well as standardization of teaching material; 2) absolute equality and impartiality of control through the use of standardized questions in the use of computer testing, as well as the use of clear transparent evaluation criteria; 3) round-the-clock availability of content for self-preparation and self-examination, as well as information on student performance; 4) the possibility of equivalent use of the model in both full-time and distance learning. Thus, the described model corresponds to the modern principles of higher education and can be offered for introduction in the divisions of higher educational institutions, both in full-time and distance learning.
{"title":"The experience of organizing the educational process at the Department of Human Anatomy of the Dnieper State Medical University in terms of distance learning","authors":"G. V. Dovhal, M. Zharikov, M. Dovhal","doi":"10.26641/1997-9665.2021.3.187-190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26641/1997-9665.2021.3.187-190","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a model of classes and assessment on the subject of human anatomy and a comparative analysis of performance in full-time and distance education and assessment on the example of students studying at the Department of Human Anatomy DSMU, specialty \"Medicine\". The main principles and advantages of this model are: 1) the complexity of teaching material and assessment, which covers all teaching aids and types of control, as well as standardization of teaching material; 2) absolute equality and impartiality of control through the use of standardized questions in the use of computer testing, as well as the use of clear transparent evaluation criteria; 3) round-the-clock availability of content for self-preparation and self-examination, as well as information on student performance; 4) the possibility of equivalent use of the model in both full-time and distance learning. Thus, the described model corresponds to the modern principles of higher education and can be offered for introduction in the divisions of higher educational institutions, both in full-time and distance learning.","PeriodicalId":19107,"journal":{"name":"Morphologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76081696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-25DOI: 10.26641/1997-9665.2021.3.62-65
O. Hryhorieva, P. Bohdanov, T. Matvieishyna, E.R. Skakovskiy
Background. Osteoporosis is a progressive systemic bone disease that results in decreased bone mineral density and, as a result, increases the risk of bone fractures. Changes that occur in the subchondral bone in osteoporosis or because of hormones can cause degenerative changes in the articular cartilage that underlie osteoarthritis. Objective. The aim of the study was to identify and compare morphological changes that occur in the subchondral bone in experimental simulations of osteoporosis and in adult rats that were born from females that were exposed to glucocorticoid solution administration in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy. Methods. Tibias of 26 white mature laboratory rats were studied. In serial sections, the relative areas occupied by bone trabeculae and lacunae were calculated. Results. The relative area involving the bone trabeculae (23,2 ± 3,70%) statistically significantly decreased at 21 day in the group of animals that undergone a simulation of osteoporosis in comparison with the control group. Similar changes are observed in the group of experimental animals that were born from females that were exposed to glucocorticoid solution administration in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy. Conclusion. Thus, the results of the study demonstrate the similarity of morphological changes occurring in the subchondral bone in rats that undergone a simulation of osteoporosis and rats that were born from females that were exposed to glucocorticoid solution administration in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy.
{"title":"Comparative characteristics of changes in subchondral bone of rats after antenatal glucocorticoid administration and modeling of osteoporosis","authors":"O. Hryhorieva, P. Bohdanov, T. Matvieishyna, E.R. Skakovskiy","doi":"10.26641/1997-9665.2021.3.62-65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26641/1997-9665.2021.3.62-65","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Osteoporosis is a progressive systemic bone disease that results in decreased bone mineral density and, as a result, increases the risk of bone fractures. Changes that occur in the subchondral bone in osteoporosis or because of hormones can cause degenerative changes in the articular cartilage that underlie osteoarthritis. Objective. The aim of the study was to identify and compare morphological changes that occur in the subchondral bone in experimental simulations of osteoporosis and in adult rats that were born from females that were exposed to glucocorticoid solution administration in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy. Methods. Tibias of 26 white mature laboratory rats were studied. In serial sections, the relative areas occupied by bone trabeculae and lacunae were calculated. Results. The relative area involving the bone trabeculae (23,2 ± 3,70%) statistically significantly decreased at 21 day in the group of animals that undergone a simulation of osteoporosis in comparison with the control group. Similar changes are observed in the group of experimental animals that were born from females that were exposed to glucocorticoid solution administration in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy. Conclusion. Thus, the results of the study demonstrate the similarity of morphological changes occurring in the subchondral bone in rats that undergone a simulation of osteoporosis and rats that were born from females that were exposed to glucocorticoid solution administration in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy.","PeriodicalId":19107,"journal":{"name":"Morphologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75018863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-25DOI: 10.26641/1997-9665.2021.3.89-95
K. Ivasivka, Y. Paltov, Z. Z. Masna, I. Chelpanova, O. Dudok
Background and objective. Our main task was to study the ultrastructural organization of the laryngeal mucosa and cartilage on the seventh and fourteenth day of opioid exposure. Methods. The material for the study were mature, outbred male rats in the number of 32 animals, weighing 80g, aged 4.5 months. Animals were injected intramuscularly with Nalbuphine once a day at the same time (10-11 hours in the morning) for 14 days. The initial dose of Nalbuphine was 8 mg / kg during the first week, 15 mg / kg during the second week of the experimental study. Thus, we created the conditions for chronic opioid exposure. Animals were divided into 3 experimental groups: 1 – control group; 2 - animals that received the drug for 7 days; 3 - animals that received the drug for 14 days). All animals were kept in a vivarium. Animal care, labeling and all other manipulations were carried out taking into account the issues of bioethical norms. Before collecting necropsy material, the animal was removed from the experiment with diethyl ether. The the larynx mucosa and rats cartilage were used as the material for ultrastructural examination. Ultrastructural capsule was prepared according to conventional methods. Results. As a result of experimental opioid exposure at the end of 7 days we found alternative changes in the epithelial cells of different parts of the larynx, dyscirculatory changes in blood vessels of lamina propria and submucosa, as well as the destruction of chondrocytes of hyaline and elastic cartilages. The hemocapillaries of lamina propria and submucosa, especially in the ventricles of the larynx and in the subchondral region, were dilated, overflowing with erythrocytes. In the laryngeal mucosa and submucosal base of the laryngeal ventricles, in addition to the overflow of hemocapillaries with erythrocytes, a moderate accumulation of perivascular transudate was noted. At the end of the 14th day of the experimental opioid effect, a pronounced hemocapillaries injury was found, which was accompanied by an increase in the permeability of the vascular wall. In addition to blood plasma, erythrocytes were visualized in the enlarged lumens of hemocapillaries. The development of degenerative changes of endothelial cells, which were accompanied by inhomogeneous dilation of the tubules of the smooth and granular endoplasmic reticulum, was noted. The main substance of the connective tissue of the mucous membrane and submucosal base, especially around the vessels was impregnated with transudate.
{"title":"Ultrastructural characteristics of the rats laryngeal mucosa and cartilage on the 7 and 14 days of the experimental opioid effect","authors":"K. Ivasivka, Y. Paltov, Z. Z. Masna, I. Chelpanova, O. Dudok","doi":"10.26641/1997-9665.2021.3.89-95","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26641/1997-9665.2021.3.89-95","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objective. Our main task was to study the ultrastructural organization of the laryngeal mucosa and cartilage on the seventh and fourteenth day of opioid exposure. Methods. The material for the study were mature, outbred male rats in the number of 32 animals, weighing 80g, aged 4.5 months. Animals were injected intramuscularly with Nalbuphine once a day at the same time (10-11 hours in the morning) for 14 days. The initial dose of Nalbuphine was 8 mg / kg during the first week, 15 mg / kg during the second week of the experimental study. Thus, we created the conditions for chronic opioid exposure. Animals were divided into 3 experimental groups: 1 – control group; 2 - animals that received the drug for 7 days; 3 - animals that received the drug for 14 days). All animals were kept in a vivarium. Animal care, labeling and all other manipulations were carried out taking into account the issues of bioethical norms. Before collecting necropsy material, the animal was removed from the experiment with diethyl ether. The the larynx mucosa and rats cartilage were used as the material for ultrastructural examination. Ultrastructural capsule was prepared according to conventional methods. Results. As a result of experimental opioid exposure at the end of 7 days we found alternative changes in the epithelial cells of different parts of the larynx, dyscirculatory changes in blood vessels of lamina propria and submucosa, as well as the destruction of chondrocytes of hyaline and elastic cartilages. The hemocapillaries of lamina propria and submucosa, especially in the ventricles of the larynx and in the subchondral region, were dilated, overflowing with erythrocytes. In the laryngeal mucosa and submucosal base of the laryngeal ventricles, in addition to the overflow of hemocapillaries with erythrocytes, a moderate accumulation of perivascular transudate was noted. At the end of the 14th day of the experimental opioid effect, a pronounced hemocapillaries injury was found, which was accompanied by an increase in the permeability of the vascular wall. In addition to blood plasma, erythrocytes were visualized in the enlarged lumens of hemocapillaries. The development of degenerative changes of endothelial cells, which were accompanied by inhomogeneous dilation of the tubules of the smooth and granular endoplasmic reticulum, was noted. The main substance of the connective tissue of the mucous membrane and submucosal base, especially around the vessels was impregnated with transudate.","PeriodicalId":19107,"journal":{"name":"Morphologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72792858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-25DOI: 10.26641/1997-9665.2021.3.180-186
S. Sherstiuk, O. Zats, O. Naumova, L. Sherstiuk, S. Panov
Background. In Ukraine among perinatal losses, a high proportion of stillbirth remains, the level of which depends on many factors, including the presence of somatic and genital pathology in a woman, pathological conditions during pregnancy, including eclampsia (PE), iron deficiency anemia of pregnant women (IDA), chorioamnionitis (CA). These conditions can be combined with each other, which increases the risk of fetal death during pregnancy or childbirth. Objective. To conduct a somatic and gynecological diseases, complications of pregnancy in pregnant women with preeclampsia (PE), iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and chorioamnionitis (CA), whose pregnancy ended in ante-intrapartum fetal death at 30-40 weeks of gestation. Methods. We investigated 58 cases of stillbirth at 30-40 weeks of gestation from pregnant women with PE (n = 16), IDA (n = 16), CA (n = 26) on the basis of the Communal non-profit enterprise "City Perinatal Center "Kharkov. The clinical data of the mothers, the protocols of the pathological examination of the placenta were studied. Results. Based on the study, it was found that in women whose pregnancy was complicated by PE and IDA, the most frequent types of somatic pathology were hypertensive disorders (32% and 12.5%, respectively) and chronic diseases of the digestive system. (25% and 12.5%, respectively), among gynecological diseases, uterine leiomyoma and endocervicosis were more common, among complications of pregnancy and childbirth - premature birth (50% each, respectively) pathology of the placenta (50% and 68.8%, respectively) and disorders of the content amniotic fluid (31.3% and 18.8%, respectively).The extragenital pathology in pregnant women with CA was presented with the infectious diseases (30.7%), an acute respiratory viral infections (19.2%), the cardiovascular pathology (11.5%), and the chronic inflammatory diseases of various localization (7.6%). The most frequency gynecological pathology were inflammatory genital diseases (23.21%). The pregnancy and labor were often complicated with the placental pathology (50%), premature birth (38.5%), preeclampsia (19.2%), and anemia (19.2%). During pregnancy, placental dysfunction diagnosed only in 31.3% of cases with PE, 25% with IDA and 3.8% with CA, but in pathological examination, morphological signs of placental insufficiency recorded in almost every case of all groups. Conclusion. In pregnancy, aggravated by PE, IDA or CA, the presence of extragenital pathology, gynecological diseases, and other complications of pregnancy were additional factors that increased the severity of placental insufficiency and fetal hypoxia, which was the cause of its death. Timely diagnosis of placental dysfunction and the implementation of therapeutic measures aimed at reducing the associated negative impact on the fetus can help reduce perinatal mortality.
背景。在乌克兰的围产期死亡中，死产的比例仍然很高，死产的水平取决于许多因素，包括妇女是否存在身体和生殖器病理，怀孕期间的病理状况，包括子痫(PE)、孕妇缺铁性贫血(IDA)、绒毛膜羊膜炎(CA)。这些情况可相互合并，从而增加妊娠或分娩期间胎儿死亡的风险。目标。对妊娠期30-40周发生子痫前期(PE)、缺铁性贫血(IDA)和绒毛膜羊膜炎(CA)的孕妇进行躯体和妇科疾病、妊娠并发症的研究。方法。我们调查了58例妊娠30-40周死产的孕妇PE (n = 16)， IDA (n = 16)， CA (n = 26)在公共非营利企业“城市围产期中心”哈尔科夫。对产妇的临床资料和胎盘病理检查方案进行了研究。结果。本研究发现，在妊娠合并PE和IDA的女性中，最常见的躯体病理类型是高血压疾病(分别为32%和12.5%)和消化系统慢性疾病。(分别占25%和12.5%)，在妇科疾病中，子宫平滑肌瘤和宫颈内膜病更为常见，在妊娠和分娩并发症-早产(各占50%)中，胎盘病理(各占50%和68.8%)和羊水内容物疾病(各占31.3%和18.8%)更为常见。CA孕妇的外阴病理表现为感染性疾病(30.7%)、急性呼吸道病毒感染(19.2%)、心血管病理(11.5%)和不同部位的慢性炎性疾病(7.6%)。最常见的妇科病理是炎症性生殖疾病(23.21%)。妊娠和分娩常合并胎盘病理(50%)、早产(38.5%)、先兆子痫(19.2%)和贫血(19.2%)。妊娠期PE、IDA和CA诊断为胎盘功能障碍的分别为31.3%、25%和3.8%，但在病理检查中，几乎所有组均有胎盘功能不全的形态学征象。结论。在妊娠期，PE、IDA或CA加重，外阴病理、妇科疾病和其他妊娠并发症的存在增加了胎盘功能不全和胎儿缺氧的严重程度，这是导致其死亡的原因。胎盘功能障碍的及时诊断和治疗措施的实施旨在减少对胎儿的相关负面影响，有助于降低围产期死亡率。
{"title":"An analysis of the pathological states of pregnant women in ante-intranatal fetal death in kharkov during 2016-2019","authors":"S. Sherstiuk, O. Zats, O. Naumova, L. Sherstiuk, S. Panov","doi":"10.26641/1997-9665.2021.3.180-186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26641/1997-9665.2021.3.180-186","url":null,"abstract":"Background. In Ukraine among perinatal losses, a high proportion of stillbirth remains, the level of which depends on many factors, including the presence of somatic and genital pathology in a woman, pathological conditions during pregnancy, including eclampsia (PE), iron deficiency anemia of pregnant women (IDA), chorioamnionitis (CA). These conditions can be combined with each other, which increases the risk of fetal death during pregnancy or childbirth. Objective. To conduct a somatic and gynecological diseases, complications of pregnancy in pregnant women with preeclampsia (PE), iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and chorioamnionitis (CA), whose pregnancy ended in ante-intrapartum fetal death at 30-40 weeks of gestation. Methods. We investigated 58 cases of stillbirth at 30-40 weeks of gestation from pregnant women with PE (n = 16), IDA (n = 16), CA (n = 26) on the basis of the Communal non-profit enterprise \"City Perinatal Center \"Kharkov. The clinical data of the mothers, the protocols of the pathological examination of the placenta were studied. Results. Based on the study, it was found that in women whose pregnancy was complicated by PE and IDA, the most frequent types of somatic pathology were hypertensive disorders (32% and 12.5%, respectively) and chronic diseases of the digestive system. (25% and 12.5%, respectively), among gynecological diseases, uterine leiomyoma and endocervicosis were more common, among complications of pregnancy and childbirth - premature birth (50% each, respectively) pathology of the placenta (50% and 68.8%, respectively) and disorders of the content amniotic fluid (31.3% and 18.8%, respectively).The extragenital pathology in pregnant women with CA was presented with the infectious diseases (30.7%), an acute respiratory viral infections (19.2%), the cardiovascular pathology (11.5%), and the chronic inflammatory diseases of various localization (7.6%). The most frequency gynecological pathology were inflammatory genital diseases (23.21%). The pregnancy and labor were often complicated with the placental pathology (50%), premature birth (38.5%), preeclampsia (19.2%), and anemia (19.2%). During pregnancy, placental dysfunction diagnosed only in 31.3% of cases with PE, 25% with IDA and 3.8% with CA, but in pathological examination, morphological signs of placental insufficiency recorded in almost every case of all groups. Conclusion. In pregnancy, aggravated by PE, IDA or CA, the presence of extragenital pathology, gynecological diseases, and other complications of pregnancy were additional factors that increased the severity of placental insufficiency and fetal hypoxia, which was the cause of its death. Timely diagnosis of placental dysfunction and the implementation of therapeutic measures aimed at reducing the associated negative impact on the fetus can help reduce perinatal mortality.","PeriodicalId":19107,"journal":{"name":"Morphologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90480754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-25DOI: 10.26641/1997-9665.2021.3.76-83
G. Gubina-Vakulyck, S. A. Denysenko, T. Gorbach, Y. Zorenko, V.S. Goydina
Background. Nitrates and nitrites are found in soil, water, human food, dyes, and medicines. In the literature, both positive and negative effects from the ingestion of nitrates and nitrites into the body are considered. A nitrite model of Alzheimer's type dementia of vascular origin was used in the work. Objective. The aim of the study was to study the morphofunctional state of the adrenal glands of experimental animals with prolonged administration of sodium nitrite. The study was carried out on male rats of the WAG population, which were divided into 3 groups: gr. N-14 - received injections of a water solution of sodium nitrite at a dose of 50 mg / kg of body weight daily for 14 days; gr. N-28 - Rats received similar injections for 28 days. Injections are intraperitoneal. Control rats were injected with 0.9% sodium chloride solution. Results. In animals of the main groups, the formation of a morphofunctional picture of the development of a stress reaction takes place, which was also confirmed morphometrically, and in group N-28 - with signs of incipient decompensation of the medulla and the fascicular zone of the adrenal cortex. Conclusion. When simulating Alzheimer's disease in laboratory rats by the introduction of a water solution of sodium nitrite at a dose of 50 mg / kg of body weight by daily intraperitoneal injection for 14 and 28 days, a picture of their morphofunctional activation is formed in the medulla and fascicular zone of the adrenal cortex. In the group with a 28-day course of administration of sodium nitrite solution, morphofunctional signs of decompensation of the medulla and the fascicular zone of the adrenal glands (especially the medulla) appear, which indicates the development of severe distress in animals and the impossibility of restoring homeostasis.
{"title":"Morphofunctional state of the medulla and the fascicular zone of the adrenal cortex in modeling Alzheimer's disease by excessive administration of sodium nitrite","authors":"G. Gubina-Vakulyck, S. A. Denysenko, T. Gorbach, Y. Zorenko, V.S. Goydina","doi":"10.26641/1997-9665.2021.3.76-83","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26641/1997-9665.2021.3.76-83","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Nitrates and nitrites are found in soil, water, human food, dyes, and medicines. In the literature, both positive and negative effects from the ingestion of nitrates and nitrites into the body are considered. A nitrite model of Alzheimer's type dementia of vascular origin was used in the work. Objective. The aim of the study was to study the morphofunctional state of the adrenal glands of experimental animals with prolonged administration of sodium nitrite. The study was carried out on male rats of the WAG population, which were divided into 3 groups: gr. N-14 - received injections of a water solution of sodium nitrite at a dose of 50 mg / kg of body weight daily for 14 days; gr. N-28 - Rats received similar injections for 28 days. Injections are intraperitoneal. Control rats were injected with 0.9% sodium chloride solution. Results. In animals of the main groups, the formation of a morphofunctional picture of the development of a stress reaction takes place, which was also confirmed morphometrically, and in group N-28 - with signs of incipient decompensation of the medulla and the fascicular zone of the adrenal cortex. Conclusion. When simulating Alzheimer's disease in laboratory rats by the introduction of a water solution of sodium nitrite at a dose of 50 mg / kg of body weight by daily intraperitoneal injection for 14 and 28 days, a picture of their morphofunctional activation is formed in the medulla and fascicular zone of the adrenal cortex. In the group with a 28-day course of administration of sodium nitrite solution, morphofunctional signs of decompensation of the medulla and the fascicular zone of the adrenal glands (especially the medulla) appear, which indicates the development of severe distress in animals and the impossibility of restoring homeostasis.","PeriodicalId":19107,"journal":{"name":"Morphologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77368046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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