Pub Date : 2022-10-26DOI: 10.1080/03014223.2022.2133530
M. Ramírez
Describing and understanding the diversity of South American spiders is a huge chal-lenge in many aspects, starting with the sheer number of species of a megadiverse group, and the geographic span and variety of habitats, from tropical rainforests, deserts, Pampas, to Valdivian temperate forests. Where do we stand in this titanic task? Nadine Dupérré ’ s (2022a) synopsis in this special issue provides a much-needed pause to examine the previous work and extract some conclusions and projections and provides a one-stop summary that will be useful for decades. I found enlightening, for example, her analysis of invasive species in and from South America, and how it relates to dispersal abilities and endemicity. After reading her summary, one feels (or hope), that we will see a large portion of the South American spider taxonomy nearly solved in our lifetime. How would that be possible? Spider taxonomists make a vibrant scienti fi c community (see Platnick and Raven 2013; Jäger et al. 2021), and we can be deservedly proud of important achievements, such as the World Spider Catalogue (World Spider Catalog 2022), an online resource professionally curated by an inter-national committee of expert collaborators, updated on a daily basis and providing access to all the taxonomic literature. Taxonomic expertise is especially alive in South America, probably because several countries have invested for many years in positions for arachnologists. This was e ff ectively re fl ected in the 557 participants in the last South American Congresses of Arachnology in Buenos Aires, 2020, of which about 110 were professionals based locally; there were about 150 regular presentations on systematics and biogeography of arachnids, an enviable number for a regional meeting. In the second contribution to this special issue, Dupérré (2022b) provides excellent illustrations of type-bearing specimens of the South American fauna preserved in Euro-pean collections, mainly those described by Eugène Simon and Lucien Berland in the Muséum National d ’ Histoire Naturelle
{"title":"A first synthesis of South America spider (Araneae) fauna: endemism, diversity, and taxonomy","authors":"M. Ramírez","doi":"10.1080/03014223.2022.2133530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03014223.2022.2133530","url":null,"abstract":"Describing and understanding the diversity of South American spiders is a huge chal-lenge in many aspects, starting with the sheer number of species of a megadiverse group, and the geographic span and variety of habitats, from tropical rainforests, deserts, Pampas, to Valdivian temperate forests. Where do we stand in this titanic task? Nadine Dupérré ’ s (2022a) synopsis in this special issue provides a much-needed pause to examine the previous work and extract some conclusions and projections and provides a one-stop summary that will be useful for decades. I found enlightening, for example, her analysis of invasive species in and from South America, and how it relates to dispersal abilities and endemicity. After reading her summary, one feels (or hope), that we will see a large portion of the South American spider taxonomy nearly solved in our lifetime. How would that be possible? Spider taxonomists make a vibrant scienti fi c community (see Platnick and Raven 2013; Jäger et al. 2021), and we can be deservedly proud of important achievements, such as the World Spider Catalogue (World Spider Catalog 2022), an online resource professionally curated by an inter-national committee of expert collaborators, updated on a daily basis and providing access to all the taxonomic literature. Taxonomic expertise is especially alive in South America, probably because several countries have invested for many years in positions for arachnologists. This was e ff ectively re fl ected in the 557 participants in the last South American Congresses of Arachnology in Buenos Aires, 2020, of which about 110 were professionals based locally; there were about 150 regular presentations on systematics and biogeography of arachnids, an enviable number for a regional meeting. In the second contribution to this special issue, Dupérré (2022b) provides excellent illustrations of type-bearing specimens of the South American fauna preserved in Euro-pean collections, mainly those described by Eugène Simon and Lucien Berland in the Muséum National d ’ Histoire Naturelle","PeriodicalId":19208,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Journal of Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49357455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-17DOI: 10.1080/03014223.2022.2131850
R. Han, Yu Zhang, Xunwu Zhao, Heping Li
ABSTRACT Adaptation of translocated species to new habitats can be evaluated by comparing their behaviour and physiology with resident species. Twenty-eight white-red deer (Cervus elaphus) were translocated successfully from New Zealand to China in 2015, including 16 males and 12 females (7 pregnant and 5 non-pregnant). We assumed that the seasonal behaviour and reproductive physiology of the translocated white-red deer would gradually converge toward the seasonal patterns exhibited by resident red deer (Cervus elaphus songaricus). Thus, we monitored the behaviours of translocated white-red deer and compared these behaviours with that of resident red deer living in the same environment. The results showed that the white-red deer, translocated during the oestrus and breeding season, was different in various behaviours with the resident red deer. The resting and feeding behaviour of translocated white-red deer were significantly less than that of resident red deer (p < 0.05), while the standing and movement behaviour were significantly more than that of resident red deer (p < 0.05). Compared with non-pregnant translocated individuals, the pregnant translocated white-red deer need more time to adapt to seasonal and environmental changes. Regular monitoring of translocated white-red deer should be implemented to maintain the sustainable development of the white-red deer population.
{"title":"Phenological acclimatisation of translocated white-red deer (Cervus elaphus) from New Zealand to China","authors":"R. Han, Yu Zhang, Xunwu Zhao, Heping Li","doi":"10.1080/03014223.2022.2131850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03014223.2022.2131850","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Adaptation of translocated species to new habitats can be evaluated by comparing their behaviour and physiology with resident species. Twenty-eight white-red deer (Cervus elaphus) were translocated successfully from New Zealand to China in 2015, including 16 males and 12 females (7 pregnant and 5 non-pregnant). We assumed that the seasonal behaviour and reproductive physiology of the translocated white-red deer would gradually converge toward the seasonal patterns exhibited by resident red deer (Cervus elaphus songaricus). Thus, we monitored the behaviours of translocated white-red deer and compared these behaviours with that of resident red deer living in the same environment. The results showed that the white-red deer, translocated during the oestrus and breeding season, was different in various behaviours with the resident red deer. The resting and feeding behaviour of translocated white-red deer were significantly less than that of resident red deer (p < 0.05), while the standing and movement behaviour were significantly more than that of resident red deer (p < 0.05). Compared with non-pregnant translocated individuals, the pregnant translocated white-red deer need more time to adapt to seasonal and environmental changes. Regular monitoring of translocated white-red deer should be implemented to maintain the sustainable development of the white-red deer population.","PeriodicalId":19208,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Journal of Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42957206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-17DOI: 10.1080/03014223.2022.2121291
J. Kasper, B. Tomotani, Anton Hovius, M. Mcintyre, M. Musicante
ABSTRACT New Zealand has 13 endemic mosquito species, which are predominantly bird-biters, exhibiting low levels of vector competence, and are adapted to their native ecosystems. Anthropogenic land-use change are well-suited to domesticated exotic species that have already established here. While some endemic species, such as Culex pervigilans, can also be found vutilising such environments, there are indications of population decline and displacement. The cosmopolitan Cx. quinquefasciatus has been established in New Zealand for more than 180 years, and was believed to be confined to the warmer, northern regions. However, biosecurity records of obtained specimens collected by the National Mosquito Surveillance Program, at various points of entry (POE) for goods and international travel, suggest an expansion of this range. Changes in the distributions of Cx. quinquefasciatus and Cx. pervigilans over the last fifteen years in New Zealand, are evaluated herein, with the conclusion that Cx. quinquefasciatus is increasing both in distribution and population density over time, and should be considered an invasive species. Evidence of a southward spread is likely a result of anthropogenic environmental changes particularly favourable to Cx. quinquefasciatus. A trend of considerable ecological and public health importance. Similarly clear effects on urban Cx. pervigilans populations were not observed.
{"title":"Changing distributions of the cosmopolitan mosquito species Culex quinquefasciatus Say and endemic Cx. pervigilans Bergroth (Diptera: Culicidae) in New Zealand","authors":"J. Kasper, B. Tomotani, Anton Hovius, M. Mcintyre, M. Musicante","doi":"10.1080/03014223.2022.2121291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03014223.2022.2121291","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT New Zealand has 13 endemic mosquito species, which are predominantly bird-biters, exhibiting low levels of vector competence, and are adapted to their native ecosystems. Anthropogenic land-use change are well-suited to domesticated exotic species that have already established here. While some endemic species, such as Culex pervigilans, can also be found vutilising such environments, there are indications of population decline and displacement. The cosmopolitan Cx. quinquefasciatus has been established in New Zealand for more than 180 years, and was believed to be confined to the warmer, northern regions. However, biosecurity records of obtained specimens collected by the National Mosquito Surveillance Program, at various points of entry (POE) for goods and international travel, suggest an expansion of this range. Changes in the distributions of Cx. quinquefasciatus and Cx. pervigilans over the last fifteen years in New Zealand, are evaluated herein, with the conclusion that Cx. quinquefasciatus is increasing both in distribution and population density over time, and should be considered an invasive species. Evidence of a southward spread is likely a result of anthropogenic environmental changes particularly favourable to Cx. quinquefasciatus. A trend of considerable ecological and public health importance. Similarly clear effects on urban Cx. pervigilans populations were not observed.","PeriodicalId":19208,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Journal of Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41561444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-16DOI: 10.1080/03014223.2022.2123835
N. Dupérré
ABSTRACT Type specimens are the core of taxonomical studies, unfortunately, many taxonomists in the 1800s did not officially designate type specimens nor type deposition institutions. Furthermore, oftentimes the original description did not include diagnosis or images. In order to help recognise obscure spider species, diagnosis and images of 73 spider-type specimens from South America, or genera also occurring on the continent are presented. Based on type examination four new synonyms are proposed: Abapeba hirta = Teminius insularis new syn., Araneus riveti = Araneus granadensis new syn., Scytodes vittata = Scytodes fusca new syn., and Pardosa riveti = Pardosa fastosa new syn.; and five new combinations are proposed: Creugas cayanus (Taczanowski, 1874) new comb., Emblyna andesiana (Berland, 1913) new comb., Mangora karschi (Roewer, 1942) new comb., Leucauge aureosignata (Lenz, 1891) new comb. and, Goeldia guayaquilensis (Schmidt 1971) new comb. Finally, three synonyms are rejected: Ulesanis chelys ≠ Ulesanis personata, Tetragnatha riveti ≠ Tetragnatha jaculator, and Meta alticola ≠ Chrysometa zelotypa. LSID: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:399EF4D0-3AC0-4689-B466-C05619DC7D53.
{"title":"New light on some historical type specimens -in relation to the South American spider (Araneae) fauna-","authors":"N. Dupérré","doi":"10.1080/03014223.2022.2123835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03014223.2022.2123835","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Type specimens are the core of taxonomical studies, unfortunately, many taxonomists in the 1800s did not officially designate type specimens nor type deposition institutions. Furthermore, oftentimes the original description did not include diagnosis or images. In order to help recognise obscure spider species, diagnosis and images of 73 spider-type specimens from South America, or genera also occurring on the continent are presented. Based on type examination four new synonyms are proposed: Abapeba hirta = Teminius insularis new syn., Araneus riveti = Araneus granadensis new syn., Scytodes vittata = Scytodes fusca new syn., and Pardosa riveti = Pardosa fastosa new syn.; and five new combinations are proposed: Creugas cayanus (Taczanowski, 1874) new comb., Emblyna andesiana (Berland, 1913) new comb., Mangora karschi (Roewer, 1942) new comb., Leucauge aureosignata (Lenz, 1891) new comb. and, Goeldia guayaquilensis (Schmidt 1971) new comb. Finally, three synonyms are rejected: Ulesanis chelys ≠ Ulesanis personata, Tetragnatha riveti ≠ Tetragnatha jaculator, and Meta alticola ≠ Chrysometa zelotypa. LSID: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:399EF4D0-3AC0-4689-B466-C05619DC7D53.","PeriodicalId":19208,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Journal of Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44976239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-09DOI: 10.1080/03014223.2022.2098782
K. Borkin, L. Easton, L. Bridgman
ABSTRACT Cats are known predators of bats, but there are few published accounts of predation attempts. In this paper we report on two recent examples of bats being attacked by cats (Felis catus) in New Zealand. We found a Central lesser short-tailed bat (Mystacina tuberculata rhyacobia) in the gastrointestinal tract of a feral cat that was trapped in indigenous forest. We also report on a case where seven long-tailed bats (Chalinolobus tuberculatus) were killed or injured over two years by a companion cat living in a rural landscape. We confirmed cat attack/predation using diet analyses, and pathological assessment and identification of the predator using DNA. We consider that depredation of bats by feral, stray, and companion cats is likely to be substantial and occur within all habitats where bats and cats overlap. LSID: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:8933333F-D145-41CF-BA20-3AE73D3B86B4
{"title":"Bats attacked by companion and feral cats: evidence from indigenous forest and rural landscapes in New Zealand","authors":"K. Borkin, L. Easton, L. Bridgman","doi":"10.1080/03014223.2022.2098782","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03014223.2022.2098782","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Cats are known predators of bats, but there are few published accounts of predation attempts. In this paper we report on two recent examples of bats being attacked by cats (Felis catus) in New Zealand. We found a Central lesser short-tailed bat (Mystacina tuberculata rhyacobia) in the gastrointestinal tract of a feral cat that was trapped in indigenous forest. We also report on a case where seven long-tailed bats (Chalinolobus tuberculatus) were killed or injured over two years by a companion cat living in a rural landscape. We confirmed cat attack/predation using diet analyses, and pathological assessment and identification of the predator using DNA. We consider that depredation of bats by feral, stray, and companion cats is likely to be substantial and occur within all habitats where bats and cats overlap. LSID: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:8933333F-D145-41CF-BA20-3AE73D3B86B4","PeriodicalId":19208,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Journal of Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45780631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-05DOI: 10.1080/03014223.2022.2082495
D. Nikiforov-Nikishin, N. Kochetkov, Victor Klimov, O. Bugaev
ABSTRACT Fish feeding is an essential technological element of aquaculture that affects fish breeding and key biological performance indicators. This research evaluated how the combined use of complex organomineral chelated compounds and Bacillus subtilis based probiotics affects several histological and morphometric parameters of the midgut of juvenile carp (Cyprinus carpio). Juvenile carp were divided into 10 groups (n = 30 per group) that received standard feed with the addition of chelated compounds and probiotics at various concentrations or standard feed alone as a control. There was no significant difference between the control and treatment groups in the height of the prismatic epithelium of the villi, but increasing the concentrations of chelated compounds and probiotics led to a significant decrease in the thickness of the muscle plate (P < 0.05) from 38.59 ± 5.36 µm in the control group to a minimum of 31.52 ± 5.99 µm and a two-fold reduction in the number of goblet cells (P < 0.05) but an increase in the goblet cell area to 58.84 ± 3.46 µm2. An increased thickness of the midgut muscle plate, enlargement of the goblet cells and enhanced mucin secretion were also observed, suggesting that these feed additives stimulate the digestive processes in fish.
{"title":"Effects of chelated complexes and probiotics on histological and morphometric parameters of the gastrointestinal tract of juvenile carp (Cyprinus carpio)","authors":"D. Nikiforov-Nikishin, N. Kochetkov, Victor Klimov, O. Bugaev","doi":"10.1080/03014223.2022.2082495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03014223.2022.2082495","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Fish feeding is an essential technological element of aquaculture that affects fish breeding and key biological performance indicators. This research evaluated how the combined use of complex organomineral chelated compounds and Bacillus subtilis based probiotics affects several histological and morphometric parameters of the midgut of juvenile carp (Cyprinus carpio). Juvenile carp were divided into 10 groups (n = 30 per group) that received standard feed with the addition of chelated compounds and probiotics at various concentrations or standard feed alone as a control. There was no significant difference between the control and treatment groups in the height of the prismatic epithelium of the villi, but increasing the concentrations of chelated compounds and probiotics led to a significant decrease in the thickness of the muscle plate (P < 0.05) from 38.59 ± 5.36 µm in the control group to a minimum of 31.52 ± 5.99 µm and a two-fold reduction in the number of goblet cells (P < 0.05) but an increase in the goblet cell area to 58.84 ± 3.46 µm2. An increased thickness of the midgut muscle plate, enlargement of the goblet cells and enhanced mucin secretion were also observed, suggesting that these feed additives stimulate the digestive processes in fish.","PeriodicalId":19208,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Journal of Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45894267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-23DOI: 10.1080/03014223.2022.2076704
Jonathan R. Godfrey, Amy O. McKenzie, M. Morgan‐Richards, Mandy Tocher
ABSTRACT Wildlife sanctuaries in Aotearoa/New Zealand involve community groups that often prefer using non-lethal monitoring methods for invertebrates. We examined one method for monitoring tree wētā with the aim of improving monitoring design. Pest management at our study site did not vary for 10 years before our study and remained unchanged between sampling, so we assumed that abundance of tree wētā would not vary significantly over the four years of the study. We recorded occupancy and marked every tree wētā (Hemideina spp.) using the same set of 38 artificial tree-hole refuges (galleries) every 1–2 weeks. We tested the prediction that non-lethal monitoring of tree wētā is a suitable proxy for relative wētā abundance by comparing the number of tree wētā using the same galleries four years apart. As expected, no change in numbers of wētā was detected. However, the level of site/gallery fidelity, seasonal fluctuations and movement between artificial galleries suggest that monitoring design needs to incorporate the life history and behaviour of these insects. We recommend comparison of wētā occupancy be restricted to the same season, galleries be placed more than 50 m apart and checked only once or twice a year.
{"title":"Recommendations for non-lethal monitoring of tree wētā (Hemideina spp.) using artificial galleries","authors":"Jonathan R. Godfrey, Amy O. McKenzie, M. Morgan‐Richards, Mandy Tocher","doi":"10.1080/03014223.2022.2076704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03014223.2022.2076704","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Wildlife sanctuaries in Aotearoa/New Zealand involve community groups that often prefer using non-lethal monitoring methods for invertebrates. We examined one method for monitoring tree wētā with the aim of improving monitoring design. Pest management at our study site did not vary for 10 years before our study and remained unchanged between sampling, so we assumed that abundance of tree wētā would not vary significantly over the four years of the study. We recorded occupancy and marked every tree wētā (Hemideina spp.) using the same set of 38 artificial tree-hole refuges (galleries) every 1–2 weeks. We tested the prediction that non-lethal monitoring of tree wētā is a suitable proxy for relative wētā abundance by comparing the number of tree wētā using the same galleries four years apart. As expected, no change in numbers of wētā was detected. However, the level of site/gallery fidelity, seasonal fluctuations and movement between artificial galleries suggest that monitoring design needs to incorporate the life history and behaviour of these insects. We recommend comparison of wētā occupancy be restricted to the same season, galleries be placed more than 50 m apart and checked only once or twice a year.","PeriodicalId":19208,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Journal of Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49580444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-12DOI: 10.1080/03014223.2022.2071303
Mark Anderson, S. Hartley, H. Wittmer
ABSTRACT The Cook Strait click beetle (Amychus granulatus) is found only in five offshore island refugia in New Zealand. We estimated their elevational distribution, population density, and habitat associations within sampling plots on Te Pākeka/Maud Island using mark-recapture methods. We marked and recaptured individual beetles during seven nightly surveys in November 2020 and recorded a range of environmental variables to better understand their habitat associations. Our surveys confirmed the presence of beetles across the island's elevational range, but population densities appeared highest at lower elevations. Based on recaptures, we estimated a mean density of 892 beetles/ha (95% CI: 556–1620) in one large, low-elevation plot and 575 beetles/ha (95% CI: 230–1960) across the remaining plots. Temperature may have affected nightly beetle activity, and hence also capture probability. Habitat assessments suggest the abundance of mahoe (Melicytus ramiflorus), and daytime refugia in tree cavities or rocky areas positively affected beetle counts. Our results provide the first robust population estimates for this endemic species. The apparent patchy distribution pattern we observed and its possible link to environmental variables have the potential to inform on conservation management including future translocations of Cook Strait click beetles to predator-free locations where suitable habitat exists.
{"title":"Distribution, density and habitat association of the Cook Strait click beetle (Amychus granulatus Coleoptera: Elateridae) on Te Pākeka/Maud Island, New Zealand","authors":"Mark Anderson, S. Hartley, H. Wittmer","doi":"10.1080/03014223.2022.2071303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03014223.2022.2071303","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Cook Strait click beetle (Amychus granulatus) is found only in five offshore island refugia in New Zealand. We estimated their elevational distribution, population density, and habitat associations within sampling plots on Te Pākeka/Maud Island using mark-recapture methods. We marked and recaptured individual beetles during seven nightly surveys in November 2020 and recorded a range of environmental variables to better understand their habitat associations. Our surveys confirmed the presence of beetles across the island's elevational range, but population densities appeared highest at lower elevations. Based on recaptures, we estimated a mean density of 892 beetles/ha (95% CI: 556–1620) in one large, low-elevation plot and 575 beetles/ha (95% CI: 230–1960) across the remaining plots. Temperature may have affected nightly beetle activity, and hence also capture probability. Habitat assessments suggest the abundance of mahoe (Melicytus ramiflorus), and daytime refugia in tree cavities or rocky areas positively affected beetle counts. Our results provide the first robust population estimates for this endemic species. The apparent patchy distribution pattern we observed and its possible link to environmental variables have the potential to inform on conservation management including future translocations of Cook Strait click beetles to predator-free locations where suitable habitat exists.","PeriodicalId":19208,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Journal of Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47853684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-01DOI: 10.1080/03014223.2022.2067190
A. Beer, Emma-Kate Burns., H. Randhawa
ABSTRACT Only a small fraction of the Earth’s total biodiversity has been described. This is particularly true of parasitic fauna, due to the paucity of taxonomic expertise, funding, and interest in parasites. It is expected that co-extinctions will become the main cause of species loss with potentially half of the parasite species becoming extinct prior to their discovery. This article addresses this issue and highlights case studies from the Otago Museum (OMNZ) (Dunedin, New Zealand), providing examples of successful collaborations between government organisations, museums, and parasitologists in bridging knowledge gaps in parasite diversity. The case studies presented focus on the parasitic helminths from opportunistic necropsies of stranded marine mammals and deceased birds. Collections from these case studies have doubled the size of the parasite collection at the OM, making this institution the most important repository of parasitic helminths in the country. We encourage such collaborations between museums, governing bodies, indigenous communities, ecologists and parasitologists in enhancing our knowledge of parasite diversity. Furthermore, we urge scientists to deposit both host and parasite tissues from surveys, vouchers, along with their respective metadata so that samples can be adequately stored and curated, thus ensuring that parasite collections become a legacy for future generations of scientists.
{"title":"Natural history collections: collaborative opportunities and important sources of information about helminth biodiversity in New Zealand","authors":"A. Beer, Emma-Kate Burns., H. Randhawa","doi":"10.1080/03014223.2022.2067190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03014223.2022.2067190","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Only a small fraction of the Earth’s total biodiversity has been described. This is particularly true of parasitic fauna, due to the paucity of taxonomic expertise, funding, and interest in parasites. It is expected that co-extinctions will become the main cause of species loss with potentially half of the parasite species becoming extinct prior to their discovery. This article addresses this issue and highlights case studies from the Otago Museum (OMNZ) (Dunedin, New Zealand), providing examples of successful collaborations between government organisations, museums, and parasitologists in bridging knowledge gaps in parasite diversity. The case studies presented focus on the parasitic helminths from opportunistic necropsies of stranded marine mammals and deceased birds. Collections from these case studies have doubled the size of the parasite collection at the OM, making this institution the most important repository of parasitic helminths in the country. We encourage such collaborations between museums, governing bodies, indigenous communities, ecologists and parasitologists in enhancing our knowledge of parasite diversity. Furthermore, we urge scientists to deposit both host and parasite tissues from surveys, vouchers, along with their respective metadata so that samples can be adequately stored and curated, thus ensuring that parasite collections become a legacy for future generations of scientists.","PeriodicalId":19208,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Journal of Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45758691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-23DOI: 10.1080/03014223.2022.2035413
A. Ibáñez, L. Jawad, B. David, D. Rowe, E. Ünlü
ABSTRACT This study examines the shape of scales from eleven fish species belonging to four fish families to infer whether the family, species and the geographic origin of fishes could be determined using scale shape. Site differentiation was analyzed only for the Cyprinidae since from the five species of this family three occurred in New Zealand and two in Turkey. Morphometric analysis was used because it allows standard multivariate analyses while preserving information about scale shape. Generalized Procrustes Analysis was used to analyse the data on scale shape. Principal components scores were submitted to canonical discriminant analysis to determine the efficacy of discrimination by families, species and geographic variants. The significance of classifications was assessed by MANOVA. MANOVA showed differences in the scale shape for the geographic location as well as by families and species. Families, species and geographic variants explained 91.7%, 82.4% and 95.8%, of the variation respectively. Each geographic location was correctly classified in 92.9% for Turkish and 98.4% New Zealand specimens. Fish scale shape was less effective in discriminating species from distantly related members, but better when the discrimination was among fish families, and best between fish scales for the same family but different body shapes.
{"title":"The morphometry of fish scales collected from New Zealand and Turkey","authors":"A. Ibáñez, L. Jawad, B. David, D. Rowe, E. Ünlü","doi":"10.1080/03014223.2022.2035413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03014223.2022.2035413","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study examines the shape of scales from eleven fish species belonging to four fish families to infer whether the family, species and the geographic origin of fishes could be determined using scale shape. Site differentiation was analyzed only for the Cyprinidae since from the five species of this family three occurred in New Zealand and two in Turkey. Morphometric analysis was used because it allows standard multivariate analyses while preserving information about scale shape. Generalized Procrustes Analysis was used to analyse the data on scale shape. Principal components scores were submitted to canonical discriminant analysis to determine the efficacy of discrimination by families, species and geographic variants. The significance of classifications was assessed by MANOVA. MANOVA showed differences in the scale shape for the geographic location as well as by families and species. Families, species and geographic variants explained 91.7%, 82.4% and 95.8%, of the variation respectively. Each geographic location was correctly classified in 92.9% for Turkish and 98.4% New Zealand specimens. Fish scale shape was less effective in discriminating species from distantly related members, but better when the discrimination was among fish families, and best between fish scales for the same family but different body shapes.","PeriodicalId":19208,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Journal of Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44368680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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