Pub Date : 2022-06-05DOI: 10.1080/03014223.2022.2082495
D. Nikiforov-Nikishin, N. Kochetkov, Victor Klimov, O. Bugaev
ABSTRACT Fish feeding is an essential technological element of aquaculture that affects fish breeding and key biological performance indicators. This research evaluated how the combined use of complex organomineral chelated compounds and Bacillus subtilis based probiotics affects several histological and morphometric parameters of the midgut of juvenile carp (Cyprinus carpio). Juvenile carp were divided into 10 groups (n = 30 per group) that received standard feed with the addition of chelated compounds and probiotics at various concentrations or standard feed alone as a control. There was no significant difference between the control and treatment groups in the height of the prismatic epithelium of the villi, but increasing the concentrations of chelated compounds and probiotics led to a significant decrease in the thickness of the muscle plate (P < 0.05) from 38.59 ± 5.36 µm in the control group to a minimum of 31.52 ± 5.99 µm and a two-fold reduction in the number of goblet cells (P < 0.05) but an increase in the goblet cell area to 58.84 ± 3.46 µm2. An increased thickness of the midgut muscle plate, enlargement of the goblet cells and enhanced mucin secretion were also observed, suggesting that these feed additives stimulate the digestive processes in fish.
{"title":"Effects of chelated complexes and probiotics on histological and morphometric parameters of the gastrointestinal tract of juvenile carp (Cyprinus carpio)","authors":"D. Nikiforov-Nikishin, N. Kochetkov, Victor Klimov, O. Bugaev","doi":"10.1080/03014223.2022.2082495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03014223.2022.2082495","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Fish feeding is an essential technological element of aquaculture that affects fish breeding and key biological performance indicators. This research evaluated how the combined use of complex organomineral chelated compounds and Bacillus subtilis based probiotics affects several histological and morphometric parameters of the midgut of juvenile carp (Cyprinus carpio). Juvenile carp were divided into 10 groups (n = 30 per group) that received standard feed with the addition of chelated compounds and probiotics at various concentrations or standard feed alone as a control. There was no significant difference between the control and treatment groups in the height of the prismatic epithelium of the villi, but increasing the concentrations of chelated compounds and probiotics led to a significant decrease in the thickness of the muscle plate (P < 0.05) from 38.59 ± 5.36 µm in the control group to a minimum of 31.52 ± 5.99 µm and a two-fold reduction in the number of goblet cells (P < 0.05) but an increase in the goblet cell area to 58.84 ± 3.46 µm2. An increased thickness of the midgut muscle plate, enlargement of the goblet cells and enhanced mucin secretion were also observed, suggesting that these feed additives stimulate the digestive processes in fish.","PeriodicalId":19208,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Journal of Zoology","volume":"50 1","pages":"394 - 405"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45894267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-23DOI: 10.1080/03014223.2022.2076704
Jonathan R. Godfrey, Amy O. McKenzie, M. Morgan‐Richards, Mandy Tocher
ABSTRACT Wildlife sanctuaries in Aotearoa/New Zealand involve community groups that often prefer using non-lethal monitoring methods for invertebrates. We examined one method for monitoring tree wētā with the aim of improving monitoring design. Pest management at our study site did not vary for 10 years before our study and remained unchanged between sampling, so we assumed that abundance of tree wētā would not vary significantly over the four years of the study. We recorded occupancy and marked every tree wētā (Hemideina spp.) using the same set of 38 artificial tree-hole refuges (galleries) every 1–2 weeks. We tested the prediction that non-lethal monitoring of tree wētā is a suitable proxy for relative wētā abundance by comparing the number of tree wētā using the same galleries four years apart. As expected, no change in numbers of wētā was detected. However, the level of site/gallery fidelity, seasonal fluctuations and movement between artificial galleries suggest that monitoring design needs to incorporate the life history and behaviour of these insects. We recommend comparison of wētā occupancy be restricted to the same season, galleries be placed more than 50 m apart and checked only once or twice a year.
{"title":"Recommendations for non-lethal monitoring of tree wētā (Hemideina spp.) using artificial galleries","authors":"Jonathan R. Godfrey, Amy O. McKenzie, M. Morgan‐Richards, Mandy Tocher","doi":"10.1080/03014223.2022.2076704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03014223.2022.2076704","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Wildlife sanctuaries in Aotearoa/New Zealand involve community groups that often prefer using non-lethal monitoring methods for invertebrates. We examined one method for monitoring tree wētā with the aim of improving monitoring design. Pest management at our study site did not vary for 10 years before our study and remained unchanged between sampling, so we assumed that abundance of tree wētā would not vary significantly over the four years of the study. We recorded occupancy and marked every tree wētā (Hemideina spp.) using the same set of 38 artificial tree-hole refuges (galleries) every 1–2 weeks. We tested the prediction that non-lethal monitoring of tree wētā is a suitable proxy for relative wētā abundance by comparing the number of tree wētā using the same galleries four years apart. As expected, no change in numbers of wētā was detected. However, the level of site/gallery fidelity, seasonal fluctuations and movement between artificial galleries suggest that monitoring design needs to incorporate the life history and behaviour of these insects. We recommend comparison of wētā occupancy be restricted to the same season, galleries be placed more than 50 m apart and checked only once or twice a year.","PeriodicalId":19208,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Journal of Zoology","volume":"50 1","pages":"381 - 393"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49580444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-12DOI: 10.1080/03014223.2022.2071303
Mark Anderson, S. Hartley, H. Wittmer
ABSTRACT The Cook Strait click beetle (Amychus granulatus) is found only in five offshore island refugia in New Zealand. We estimated their elevational distribution, population density, and habitat associations within sampling plots on Te Pākeka/Maud Island using mark-recapture methods. We marked and recaptured individual beetles during seven nightly surveys in November 2020 and recorded a range of environmental variables to better understand their habitat associations. Our surveys confirmed the presence of beetles across the island's elevational range, but population densities appeared highest at lower elevations. Based on recaptures, we estimated a mean density of 892 beetles/ha (95% CI: 556–1620) in one large, low-elevation plot and 575 beetles/ha (95% CI: 230–1960) across the remaining plots. Temperature may have affected nightly beetle activity, and hence also capture probability. Habitat assessments suggest the abundance of mahoe (Melicytus ramiflorus), and daytime refugia in tree cavities or rocky areas positively affected beetle counts. Our results provide the first robust population estimates for this endemic species. The apparent patchy distribution pattern we observed and its possible link to environmental variables have the potential to inform on conservation management including future translocations of Cook Strait click beetles to predator-free locations where suitable habitat exists.
{"title":"Distribution, density and habitat association of the Cook Strait click beetle (Amychus granulatus Coleoptera: Elateridae) on Te Pākeka/Maud Island, New Zealand","authors":"Mark Anderson, S. Hartley, H. Wittmer","doi":"10.1080/03014223.2022.2071303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03014223.2022.2071303","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Cook Strait click beetle (Amychus granulatus) is found only in five offshore island refugia in New Zealand. We estimated their elevational distribution, population density, and habitat associations within sampling plots on Te Pākeka/Maud Island using mark-recapture methods. We marked and recaptured individual beetles during seven nightly surveys in November 2020 and recorded a range of environmental variables to better understand their habitat associations. Our surveys confirmed the presence of beetles across the island's elevational range, but population densities appeared highest at lower elevations. Based on recaptures, we estimated a mean density of 892 beetles/ha (95% CI: 556–1620) in one large, low-elevation plot and 575 beetles/ha (95% CI: 230–1960) across the remaining plots. Temperature may have affected nightly beetle activity, and hence also capture probability. Habitat assessments suggest the abundance of mahoe (Melicytus ramiflorus), and daytime refugia in tree cavities or rocky areas positively affected beetle counts. Our results provide the first robust population estimates for this endemic species. The apparent patchy distribution pattern we observed and its possible link to environmental variables have the potential to inform on conservation management including future translocations of Cook Strait click beetles to predator-free locations where suitable habitat exists.","PeriodicalId":19208,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Journal of Zoology","volume":"50 1","pages":"368 - 380"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47853684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-01DOI: 10.1080/03014223.2022.2067190
A. Beer, Emma-Kate Burns., H. Randhawa
ABSTRACT Only a small fraction of the Earth’s total biodiversity has been described. This is particularly true of parasitic fauna, due to the paucity of taxonomic expertise, funding, and interest in parasites. It is expected that co-extinctions will become the main cause of species loss with potentially half of the parasite species becoming extinct prior to their discovery. This article addresses this issue and highlights case studies from the Otago Museum (OMNZ) (Dunedin, New Zealand), providing examples of successful collaborations between government organisations, museums, and parasitologists in bridging knowledge gaps in parasite diversity. The case studies presented focus on the parasitic helminths from opportunistic necropsies of stranded marine mammals and deceased birds. Collections from these case studies have doubled the size of the parasite collection at the OM, making this institution the most important repository of parasitic helminths in the country. We encourage such collaborations between museums, governing bodies, indigenous communities, ecologists and parasitologists in enhancing our knowledge of parasite diversity. Furthermore, we urge scientists to deposit both host and parasite tissues from surveys, vouchers, along with their respective metadata so that samples can be adequately stored and curated, thus ensuring that parasite collections become a legacy for future generations of scientists.
{"title":"Natural history collections: collaborative opportunities and important sources of information about helminth biodiversity in New Zealand","authors":"A. Beer, Emma-Kate Burns., H. Randhawa","doi":"10.1080/03014223.2022.2067190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03014223.2022.2067190","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Only a small fraction of the Earth’s total biodiversity has been described. This is particularly true of parasitic fauna, due to the paucity of taxonomic expertise, funding, and interest in parasites. It is expected that co-extinctions will become the main cause of species loss with potentially half of the parasite species becoming extinct prior to their discovery. This article addresses this issue and highlights case studies from the Otago Museum (OMNZ) (Dunedin, New Zealand), providing examples of successful collaborations between government organisations, museums, and parasitologists in bridging knowledge gaps in parasite diversity. The case studies presented focus on the parasitic helminths from opportunistic necropsies of stranded marine mammals and deceased birds. Collections from these case studies have doubled the size of the parasite collection at the OM, making this institution the most important repository of parasitic helminths in the country. We encourage such collaborations between museums, governing bodies, indigenous communities, ecologists and parasitologists in enhancing our knowledge of parasite diversity. Furthermore, we urge scientists to deposit both host and parasite tissues from surveys, vouchers, along with their respective metadata so that samples can be adequately stored and curated, thus ensuring that parasite collections become a legacy for future generations of scientists.","PeriodicalId":19208,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Journal of Zoology","volume":"50 1","pages":"351 - 367"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45758691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-23DOI: 10.1080/03014223.2022.2035413
A. Ibáñez, L. Jawad, B. David, D. Rowe, E. Ünlü
ABSTRACT This study examines the shape of scales from eleven fish species belonging to four fish families to infer whether the family, species and the geographic origin of fishes could be determined using scale shape. Site differentiation was analyzed only for the Cyprinidae since from the five species of this family three occurred in New Zealand and two in Turkey. Morphometric analysis was used because it allows standard multivariate analyses while preserving information about scale shape. Generalized Procrustes Analysis was used to analyse the data on scale shape. Principal components scores were submitted to canonical discriminant analysis to determine the efficacy of discrimination by families, species and geographic variants. The significance of classifications was assessed by MANOVA. MANOVA showed differences in the scale shape for the geographic location as well as by families and species. Families, species and geographic variants explained 91.7%, 82.4% and 95.8%, of the variation respectively. Each geographic location was correctly classified in 92.9% for Turkish and 98.4% New Zealand specimens. Fish scale shape was less effective in discriminating species from distantly related members, but better when the discrimination was among fish families, and best between fish scales for the same family but different body shapes.
{"title":"The morphometry of fish scales collected from New Zealand and Turkey","authors":"A. Ibáñez, L. Jawad, B. David, D. Rowe, E. Ünlü","doi":"10.1080/03014223.2022.2035413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03014223.2022.2035413","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study examines the shape of scales from eleven fish species belonging to four fish families to infer whether the family, species and the geographic origin of fishes could be determined using scale shape. Site differentiation was analyzed only for the Cyprinidae since from the five species of this family three occurred in New Zealand and two in Turkey. Morphometric analysis was used because it allows standard multivariate analyses while preserving information about scale shape. Generalized Procrustes Analysis was used to analyse the data on scale shape. Principal components scores were submitted to canonical discriminant analysis to determine the efficacy of discrimination by families, species and geographic variants. The significance of classifications was assessed by MANOVA. MANOVA showed differences in the scale shape for the geographic location as well as by families and species. Families, species and geographic variants explained 91.7%, 82.4% and 95.8%, of the variation respectively. Each geographic location was correctly classified in 92.9% for Turkish and 98.4% New Zealand specimens. Fish scale shape was less effective in discriminating species from distantly related members, but better when the discrimination was among fish families, and best between fish scales for the same family but different body shapes.","PeriodicalId":19208,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Journal of Zoology","volume":"50 1","pages":"318 - 328"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44368680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-06DOI: 10.1080/03014223.2021.2022722
N. Dupérré
ABSTRACT South America is the fourth largest continent on the planet; its birds, mammals, and amphibian's biodiversity is relatively well known, but no outright assessment of the continent spider (Araneae) fauna has been done to date. From January 2019 to August 2020, a recompilation of all spider species registered to occur in South America was conducted based on the data available from the World Spider Catalog [2020. Version 18.5. Natural History Museum Bern. [cited Jan 2019–Aug 2020]]. The assessment revealed that the South American spider fauna comprises 83 families, 1018 genera, and 8302 species, representing 17% of the world spider fauna biodiversity; however, 94% of the spider-specific biodiversity is found nowhere else on earth. A total of 78 species have been introduced in South America, while 30 species were exported from the South American continent to other parts of the world. For all South American families, an overview of the current knowledge is presented: distribution, endemism, taxonomical inconsistency, and problems are discussed. The complete checklist of spiders occurring in SA with distribution given by countries and the complete list of introduced and exported species with details of their native region and current known distribution are presented.
{"title":"Araneae (spiders) of South America: a synopsis of current knowledge","authors":"N. Dupérré","doi":"10.1080/03014223.2021.2022722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03014223.2021.2022722","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT South America is the fourth largest continent on the planet; its birds, mammals, and amphibian's biodiversity is relatively well known, but no outright assessment of the continent spider (Araneae) fauna has been done to date. From January 2019 to August 2020, a recompilation of all spider species registered to occur in South America was conducted based on the data available from the World Spider Catalog [2020. Version 18.5. Natural History Museum Bern. [cited Jan 2019–Aug 2020]]. The assessment revealed that the South American spider fauna comprises 83 families, 1018 genera, and 8302 species, representing 17% of the world spider fauna biodiversity; however, 94% of the spider-specific biodiversity is found nowhere else on earth. A total of 78 species have been introduced in South America, while 30 species were exported from the South American continent to other parts of the world. For all South American families, an overview of the current knowledge is presented: distribution, endemism, taxonomical inconsistency, and problems are discussed. The complete checklist of spiders occurring in SA with distribution given by countries and the complete list of introduced and exported species with details of their native region and current known distribution are presented.","PeriodicalId":19208,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Journal of Zoology","volume":"50 1","pages":"3 - 117"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47160728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-02DOI: 10.1080/03014223.2021.2017304
Rebecca J. LeGrice, D. Ward, G. Holwell
ABSTRACT The coast provides an important habitat for insects throughout the world. Some insect taxa are entirely dependent on this continuous but narrow strip of habitat between the land and sea, despite the challenging environmental conditions. In Aotearoa|New Zealand (hereafter Aotearoa), the coastal environment is extensive and varies enormously. Aotearoa is also home to a diverse and predominantly endemic Diptera fauna of roughly 5500 species, and a small but significant proportion of these are found along the coast. Here we provide the first extensive survey of Aotearoa’s coastal flies, and describe how the diversity, richness, and abundance of specialised wrack-inhabiting communities vary. Overall, we recorded 257 different species collected from 109 sites from around Aotearoa’s three main islands, with highest abundance, species richness and diversity all found at South Island sites. Our surveys are estimated to have captured over 80% of the species occupying the seashore, and 100% of the wrack specialist community, for which we identified a country-wide baseline community. This study has provided new and interesting insights into the distribution and diversity of flies in Aotearoa. It also highlights the importance of carrying out broad community surveys to capture and improve our understanding of our local fauna.
{"title":"Coastal Diptera species and communities and their geographic distribution in Aotearoa|New Zealand","authors":"Rebecca J. LeGrice, D. Ward, G. Holwell","doi":"10.1080/03014223.2021.2017304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03014223.2021.2017304","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The coast provides an important habitat for insects throughout the world. Some insect taxa are entirely dependent on this continuous but narrow strip of habitat between the land and sea, despite the challenging environmental conditions. In Aotearoa|New Zealand (hereafter Aotearoa), the coastal environment is extensive and varies enormously. Aotearoa is also home to a diverse and predominantly endemic Diptera fauna of roughly 5500 species, and a small but significant proportion of these are found along the coast. Here we provide the first extensive survey of Aotearoa’s coastal flies, and describe how the diversity, richness, and abundance of specialised wrack-inhabiting communities vary. Overall, we recorded 257 different species collected from 109 sites from around Aotearoa’s three main islands, with highest abundance, species richness and diversity all found at South Island sites. Our surveys are estimated to have captured over 80% of the species occupying the seashore, and 100% of the wrack specialist community, for which we identified a country-wide baseline community. This study has provided new and interesting insights into the distribution and diversity of flies in Aotearoa. It also highlights the importance of carrying out broad community surveys to capture and improve our understanding of our local fauna.","PeriodicalId":19208,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Journal of Zoology","volume":"49 1","pages":"335 - 354"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59277991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-25DOI: 10.1080/03014223.2022.2053554
S. Grosser, L. Dutoit, Yasmin Foster, F. Robertson, A. Fidler, D. Martini, M. Knapp, B. Robertson
ABSTRACT Recent genomic evidence suggest that kea (Nestor notabilis) have a non-functional RH2 opsin gene potentially leading to impaired vision in the green region of the electromagnetic spectrum. In New Zealand, it is standard procedure to add green dye to aerial poison baits used in mammalian predator control operations to deter native birds from eating toxic bait. A visual deficiency could impact how kea perceive and interact with green-dyed baits and thus have unforeseen consequences for kea conservation. Here, we sequenced the partial RH2 gene of seven wild kea and re-analysed the kea genome raw sequencing data of the RH2 locus. We demonstrate that the reported premature stop codon is most likely an assembly artefact. An extended analysis of the published genomes of all three extant New Zealand parrots of the superfamily Strigopoidea confirms that the RH2 gene is functional in this entire group.
{"title":"Genomic evidence of a functional RH2 opsin in New Zealand parrots and implications for pest control","authors":"S. Grosser, L. Dutoit, Yasmin Foster, F. Robertson, A. Fidler, D. Martini, M. Knapp, B. Robertson","doi":"10.1080/03014223.2022.2053554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03014223.2022.2053554","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Recent genomic evidence suggest that kea (Nestor notabilis) have a non-functional RH2 opsin gene potentially leading to impaired vision in the green region of the electromagnetic spectrum. In New Zealand, it is standard procedure to add green dye to aerial poison baits used in mammalian predator control operations to deter native birds from eating toxic bait. A visual deficiency could impact how kea perceive and interact with green-dyed baits and thus have unforeseen consequences for kea conservation. Here, we sequenced the partial RH2 gene of seven wild kea and re-analysed the kea genome raw sequencing data of the RH2 locus. We demonstrate that the reported premature stop codon is most likely an assembly artefact. An extended analysis of the published genomes of all three extant New Zealand parrots of the superfamily Strigopoidea confirms that the RH2 gene is functional in this entire group.","PeriodicalId":19208,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Journal of Zoology","volume":"50 1","pages":"341 - 349"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49217167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-19DOI: 10.1080/03014223.2021.2022721
Kate M. Curtis, A. Paterson, Jagoba Malumbres‐Olarte, C. Vink, J. Ross
ABSTRACT Arthropods are often ignored or under-sampled in biodiversity and conservation assessments because of their large diversity, small size and lack of taxonomic guides. Rapid biodiversity assessment programmes have been established to assess these groups accurately. A COBRA (Conservation Oriented Biodiversity Rapid Assessment) protocol consists of an intense sampling of a habitat using the optimal combination of sampling methods. We set a basis for future protocols of measuring spider biodiversity in exotic pastures in New Zealand. Overall, 28 spider species were collected. There was variation in species discovery for each collection method, i.e. pitfall traps (86.6% of total species found), ground hand collection (95.4%), suction sampling (85.7%), and sweeping (25%). The various collection methods were complementary in species that were found. Of the four sampling methods used pitfall traps and ground hand collection were far more efficient at collecting spider species in pastures per sample. These findings are relevant for the future development of these protocols and ultimately, these tools will be used for assessing and monitoring biodiversity on farms and the impacts of farming methods.
{"title":"Developing a future protocol for measuring spider biodiversity in pastures in New Zealand","authors":"Kate M. Curtis, A. Paterson, Jagoba Malumbres‐Olarte, C. Vink, J. Ross","doi":"10.1080/03014223.2021.2022721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03014223.2021.2022721","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Arthropods are often ignored or under-sampled in biodiversity and conservation assessments because of their large diversity, small size and lack of taxonomic guides. Rapid biodiversity assessment programmes have been established to assess these groups accurately. A COBRA (Conservation Oriented Biodiversity Rapid Assessment) protocol consists of an intense sampling of a habitat using the optimal combination of sampling methods. We set a basis for future protocols of measuring spider biodiversity in exotic pastures in New Zealand. Overall, 28 spider species were collected. There was variation in species discovery for each collection method, i.e. pitfall traps (86.6% of total species found), ground hand collection (95.4%), suction sampling (85.7%), and sweeping (25%). The various collection methods were complementary in species that were found. Of the four sampling methods used pitfall traps and ground hand collection were far more efficient at collecting spider species in pastures per sample. These findings are relevant for the future development of these protocols and ultimately, these tools will be used for assessing and monitoring biodiversity on farms and the impacts of farming methods.","PeriodicalId":19208,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Journal of Zoology","volume":"50 1","pages":"305 - 317"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59277999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-13DOI: 10.1080/03014223.2021.2014899
V. Framenau, Pedro de S. Castanheira, C. Vink
ABSTRACT The new Australo-Pacific orb-weaving spider genus Socca is established to include 12 species from Australia: Socca pustulosa (Walckenaer, 1841) comb. nov. (type species; also present in New Zealand); S. arena sp. nov., S. australis sp. nov. S. caiguna sp. nov., S. elvispresleyi sp. nov., S. eugeni sp. nov., S. johnnywarreni sp. nov., S. kullmanni sp. nov., S. levyashini sp. nov., S. pleia sp. nov., S. senicaudata (Simon, 1908) comb. nov. (= Araneus senicaudatus simplex Simon, 1908 syn. nov.) and S. sydneyica (Keyserling, 1887) comb. nov. (= Epeira inquieta Keyserling, 1887 syn. nov.). Socca gen. nov. includes medium-sised, nocturnal orb-weaving spiders. It differs from other backobourkiine genera by five tubercles posteriorly on the abdomen and a tri-partite terminal apophysis of the male pedipalp. The epigyne plate in females is about as wide as long and the scape elongate and reaches posteriorly beyond the epigyne plate. Specimens of five Socca gen. nov. species were sequenced for the mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI). The preliminary phylogeny supports our morphological species but does not confirm species-groups based on morphology and suggests that New Zealand S. pustulosa comb. nov. populations originate from south-eastern Australia. Zoobank LSID: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:FA8B2BB0-B797-4122-B4C1-1EF14B999BF2
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