Nutrition Research最新文献_第7页

Intestinal-level anti-inflammatory bioactivities of whole wheat: Rationale, design, and methods of a randomized, controlled, crossover dietary trial in adults with prediabetes 全麦的肠道级抗炎生物活性：糖尿病前期成人随机对照交叉膳食试验的原理、设计和方法。

IF 3.4 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Nutrition Research

Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2024.09.010

Sisi Cao , Jillian T. Pierson , Ariana H. Bond , Shiqi Zhang , Andrew Gold , Huan Zhang , Kaitlyn M. Zamary , Palmer Moats , Matthew D. Teegarden , Devin G. Peterson , Xiaokui Mo , Jiangjiang Zhu , Richard S. Bruno

Randomized controlled trials (RCT) demonstrate that whole wheat consumption improves glycemia. However, substantial inter-individual variation is often observed, highlighting that dietary whole grain recommendations may not support the health of all persons. The objective of this report is to describe the rationale and design of a planned RCT aimed at establishing the gut microbiota and metabolome signatures that predict whole wheat-mediated improvements in glucose tolerance in adults with prediabetes. It is hypothesized that a controlled diet containing wheat bread (WHEAT; 160 g/day) compared with refined bread (WHITE) will improve glucose tolerance in a gut microbiota-mediated manner. Biospecimens will be collected before and after each 2-week study arm. Testing for oral glucose tolerance and gastrointestinal permeability will be performed post-intervention. Assessments will include oral glucose tolerance (primary outcome) and secondary outcomes including gut microbiota, targeted and untargeted metabolomics of fecal and plasma samples, intestinal and host inflammatory responses, and intestinal permeability. WHEAT is predicted to alleviate glucose intolerance by shifting microbiota composition to increase short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria while reducing populations implicated in intestinal inflammation, barrier dysfunction, and systemic endotoxemia. Further, benefits from WHEAT are anticipated to correlate with gut-level and systemic metabolomic responses that can help to explain the expected inter-individual variability in glucose tolerance. Thus, knowledge gained from integrating multi-omic responses associating with glucose tolerance could help to establish a precision nutrition-based framework that can alleviate cardiometabolic risk. This framework could inform novel dietary whole grain recommendations by enhancing our understanding of inter-individual responsiveness to whole grain consumption.

随机对照试验（RCT）表明，食用全麦可改善血糖。然而，个体之间往往存在很大差异，这突出表明全谷物膳食建议可能无法支持所有人的健康。本报告旨在描述一项计划中的 RCT 的原理和设计，该 RCT 旨在确定肠道微生物群和代谢组特征，以预测全麦介导的糖尿病前期成人葡萄糖耐量改善情况。假设与精制面包（白面包）相比，控制饮食中含有小麦面包（WHEAT；160 克/天）将通过肠道微生物群介导的方式改善葡萄糖耐量。将在每个为期两周的研究臂之前和之后采集生物样本。干预后将进行口服葡萄糖耐量和胃肠道渗透性测试。评估将包括口服葡萄糖耐量（主要结果）和次要结果，包括肠道微生物群、粪便和血浆样本的靶向和非靶向代谢组学、肠道和宿主炎症反应以及肠道渗透性。据预测，WHEAT 可通过改变微生物群的组成来增加短链脂肪酸细菌的数量，同时减少与肠道炎症、屏障功能障碍和全身性内毒素血症有关的细菌数量，从而缓解葡萄糖不耐受症。此外，WHEAT 的益处预计与肠道和全身代谢组学反应相关，有助于解释葡萄糖耐量的预期个体间差异。因此，整合与葡萄糖耐量相关的多组反应所获得的知识有助于建立一个基于精准营养的框架，从而减轻心脏代谢风险。通过加强我们对全谷物消费的个体间反应的了解，这一框架可为新的全谷物膳食建议提供依据。

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引用次数: 0

Higher docosahexaenoic acid proportions in blood are inversely associated with the prevalence of prediabetes: Evidence from the UK Biobank 血液中较高的二十二碳六烯酸比例与糖尿病前期的发病率成反比：来自英国生物库的证据。

IF 3.4 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Nutrition Research

Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2024.09.009

Jan Philipp Schuchardt , Andreas Hahn , Theresa Greupner , Nathan L. Tintle , Jason Westra , William S. Harris

Prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus are growing global health concerns, predisposing individuals to various vascular complications. Lifestyle modifications, including dietary interventions, offer promising avenues for prevention and management. Using a multivariable-adjusted model, we analyzed the cross-sectional associations between plasma proportions (% of total fatty acids) of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n3 PUFA, including total n3 PUFA, docosahexaenoic acid [DHA], non-DHA n3 PUFA), and glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) as well as the prevalence of prediabetes in a sample from the UK Biobank cohort. Our hypothesis was that proportions of n3 PUFA, especially DHA, would by inversely associated with the prediabetes prevalence. The sample (n = 92,762; 54.5% females) had an average age of 56 years and was overweight (mean body mass index = 27). The mean plasma DHA proportion in the sample was 2.03% (standard deviation [SD] = 0.67%), non-DHA n3 PUFA was 2.41% (SD = 1.02%) and total n3 PUFA was 4.43% (SD = 1.56%). Prediabetic individuals were identified by blood HbA1c proportions between 5.7% and 6.4% (39-46 mmol/mol) according to American Diabetes Association criteria. Each of the three n3 PUFA biomarkers was inversely associated with HbA1c proportions. In particular, DHA showed the strongest inverse association, with an OR of 0.62 (95% confidence intervals: 0.58, 0.67; P < .001) when comparing quintiles 5 to 1 in a fully adjusted model. These findings suggest a potential protective role of n3 PUFA, particularly DHA, in mitigating the risk of having prediabetes. Further prospective investigations are needed to clarify whether long-chain n3 PUFA could function as modifiable factors for prediabetes.

糖尿病前期和 2 型糖尿病是全球日益关注的健康问题，容易导致各种血管并发症。包括饮食干预在内的生活方式调整为预防和管理提供了前景广阔的途径。利用多变量调整模型，我们分析了英国生物库队列样本中血浆中欧米伽-3 多不饱和脂肪酸（n3 PUFA，包括总 n3 PUFA、二十二碳六烯酸 [DHA]、非 DHA n3 PUFA）的比例（占总脂肪酸的百分比）与糖化血红蛋白 A1c (HbA1c) 以及糖尿病前期患病率之间的横断面关联。我们的假设是，n3 PUFA（尤其是 DHA）的比例与糖尿病前期患病率成反比。样本（n = 92,762; 54.5% 为女性）的平均年龄为 56 岁，体重超重（平均体重指数 = 27）。样本血浆中 DHA 的平均比例为 2.03%（标准差 [SD] = 0.67%），非 DHA n3 PUFA 为 2.41%（标准差 = 1.02%），n3 PUFA 总量为 4.43%（标准差 = 1.56%）。根据美国糖尿病协会的标准，血 HbA1c 的比例在 5.7% 和 6.4% 之间（39-46 mmol/mol），即可确定为糖尿病前期患者。三种 n3 PUFA 生物标记物中的每一种都与 HbA1c 比例成反比关系。其中，DHA 的反相关性最强，在完全调整模型中将五分位数 5 与 1 进行比较，其 OR 值为 0.62（95% 置信区间：0.58，0.67；P < .001）。这些研究结果表明，n3 PUFA（尤其是 DHA）在降低糖尿病前期风险方面具有潜在的保护作用。我们需要进一步开展前瞻性研究，以明确长链 n3 PUFA 是否可作为糖尿病前期的可调节因素。

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引用次数: 0

A matter of the metric? Sugar content overestimation is less pronounced in sugar cubes versus grams 计量单位的问题？方糖与克糖相比，糖含量被高估的情况不那么明显。

IF 3.4 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Nutrition Research

Pub Date : 2024-09-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2024.09.007

Laura M. König , Harald T. Schupp , Britta Renner

To make healthy food choices, consumers need to be aware of the sugar content of foods. Units act as an environmental cue that might influence sugar content estimation accuracy. The present study (1) tested whether estimations of sugar content are more accurate in sugar cubes vs grams, (2) compared accuracy of sugar content to estimations of the foods’ weight and energy content, and (3) investigated gender, education, and body mass index as potential correlates. A sample of 886 adults was randomly assigned to estimating the sugar content of 10 common foods in grams or cubes. Estimations of sugar content diverged considerably from actual values in both groups (0.22 ≤ Cohen's ds_gram_s ≤ 1.20; 0.20 ≤ Cohen's ds_cubes ≤ 1.10), but were more pronounced for sugar content estimations in grams in 7 out of 10 foods (ts ≥ 4.04, Ps < .001, Cohen's ds ≥ 0.14). Sugar content misestimation was somewhat more pronounced than misestimation of weight (0.05 ≤ Cohen's ds ≤ 1.43) and energy content (0.04 ≤ Cohen's ds ≤ 1.19). Relationships between sugar content misestimation and gender (0.00 ≤ Cohen's ds ≤ 0.33), education (–0.07 ≤ r ≤ 0.11), and body mass index (–0.08 ≤ r ≤ 0.06) were mostly negligible. Although sugar content estimations were somewhat more accurate in sugar cubes vs grams, estimation accuracy is generally low. In addition to promoting consumers’ knowledge through labeling and education, additional avenues for interventions might need to be explored for sizeable effects on food choices.

为了选择健康的食品，消费者需要了解食品的含糖量。单位作为一种环境线索，可能会影响糖含量估计的准确性。本研究(1)测试了以方糖为单位与以克为单位估算糖含量是否更准确；(2)比较了糖含量的准确性与食品重量和能量含量的估算；(3)调查了性别、教育程度和体重指数的潜在相关性。对 886 名成年人进行随机抽样，以克或立方为单位估算 10 种常见食物的含糖量。两组人的糖含量估计值与实际值相差很大（0.22 ≤ Cohen's dsgrams ≤ 1.20；0.20 ≤ Cohen's dscubes ≤ 1.10），但在 10 种食物中有 7 种食物的糖含量估计值以克为单位更为明显（ts ≥ 4.04，Ps < .001，Cohen's ds ≥ 0.14）。糖含量误测比重量误测（0.05 ≤ Cohen's ds ≤ 1.43）和能量误测（0.04 ≤ Cohen's ds ≤ 1.19）更明显。糖含量估计错误与性别（0.00 ≤ Cohen's ds ≤ 0.33）、教育程度（-0.07 ≤ r ≤ 0.11）和体重指数（-0.08 ≤ r ≤ 0.06）之间的关系大多可以忽略不计。虽然方糖与克糖的含糖量估计准确度略高，但估计准确度普遍较低。除了通过标签和教育提高消费者的知识水平外，可能还需要探索更多的干预途径，才能对食品选择产生显著效果。

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引用次数: 0

The high-fat diet and low-dose streptozotocin type-2 diabetes model induces hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance in male but not female C57BL/6J mice 高脂饮食和低剂量链脲佐菌素 2 型糖尿病模型可诱导雄性 C57BL/6J 小鼠产生高胰岛素血症和胰岛素抵抗，但不会诱导雌性 C57BL/6J 小鼠产生高胰岛素血症和胰岛素抵抗。

IF 3.4 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Nutrition Research

Pub Date : 2024-09-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2024.09.008

Kathryn C. Racine , Lisard Iglesias-Carres , Jacob A. Herring , Kristopher L. Wieland , Peter N. Ellsworth , Jeffery S. Tessem , Mario G. Ferruzzi , Colin D. Kay , Andrew P. Neilson

Translation of preclinical findings on the efficacy of dietary interventions for metabolic disease to human clinical studies is challenging due to the predominant use of male rodents in animal research. Our objective was to evaluate a combined high-fat (HF) diet and low-dose streptozotocin (STZ) model for induction of type-2 diabetes (T2D) in male and female C57BL/6J mice. We hypothesized that T2D biomarkers would differ significantly between sexes. Mice were administered either a low-fat (LF) diet (10% kcal from fat), or HF diet (60% kcal from fat) + STZ injections (30 mg/kg/d for 3 days). Both sexes gained weight and developed impaired postprandial oral glucose tolerance on the HF+STZ treatment compared to LF. Only male mice on HF + STZ developed fasting hyperglycemia, fasting hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance, suggesting that the underlying causes of postprandial hyperglycemia differed between sexes. Principal component analysis of measures such as body weights, glucose and insulin concentrations indicated metabolic derangement for males only on HF+STZ treatment, while LF group males and both groups of females significantly overlapped. Based on our data, we accept our hypothesis that the combined high-fat diet and low-dose STZ model for T2D phenotypes differs significantly in its effect on mice based on sex. The HF diet + low-dose STZ model is not useful for studying insulin resistance in females. Other models are needed to model T2D, and study the effects of dietary interventions in this disease, in females. Sexual dimorphism remains a significant challenge for both preclinical and clinical research.

由于动物研究主要使用雄性啮齿类动物，因此将饮食干预代谢疾病疗效的临床前研究结果转化为人类临床研究具有挑战性。我们的目的是评估高脂（HF）饮食和低剂量链脲佐菌素（STZ）联合模型在雄性和雌性 C57BL/6J 小鼠中诱导 2 型糖尿病（T2D）的效果。我们假设不同性别小鼠的 T2D 生物标志物会有显著差异。我们给小鼠喂食低脂（LF）饮食（10% 千卡热量来自脂肪）或高脂饮食（60% 千卡热量来自脂肪）+ STZ 注射（30 毫克/千克/天，连续 3 天）。与LF相比，HF+STZ处理的雌雄小鼠体重都有所增加，并出现餐后口服葡萄糖耐量受损。只有雄性小鼠在接受HF+STZ治疗后出现空腹高血糖、空腹高胰岛素血症和胰岛素抵抗，这表明不同性别小鼠餐后高血糖的根本原因不同。对体重、血糖和胰岛素浓度等指标的主成分分析表明，只有接受高频+STZ治疗的男性出现了代谢紊乱，而低频组男性和两组女性的代谢紊乱情况明显重叠。根据我们的数据，我们同意我们的假设，即高脂饮食和低剂量 STZ 联合治疗 T2D 表型模型对小鼠的影响因性别而有显著差异。高脂饮食+低剂量 STZ 模型对研究雌性小鼠的胰岛素抵抗没有帮助。需要其他模型来模拟雌性 T2D，并研究饮食干预对该疾病的影响。性别二形性仍然是临床前和临床研究的一个重大挑战。

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引用次数: 0

Plasma niacin is inversely associated with hyperlipidemia in participants with diabetes among Chinese adults 血浆烟酸与中国成人糖尿病患者的高脂血症呈反比。

IF 3.4 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Nutrition Research

Pub Date : 2024-09-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2024.09.006

Xuyang Geng , Zefang Lin , Zhixiong Zheng , Qiuping Lin , Taoping Sun , Qing Yang , Yao Deng

Evidence is limited regarding the association of plasma niacin with the risk of hyperlipidemia in participants with diabetes. We aimed to determine the relationship between plasma niacinamide/nicotinic acid and hyperlipidemia in participants with/without diabetes. Plasma niacinamide/nicotinic acid concentrations were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the association between plasma niacin and hyperlipidemia in participants with diabetes and nondiabetes in a cross-sectional study. Compared to the first quartile, plasma nicotinamide, nicotinic acid, and niacin (nicotinamide plus nicotinic acid) were associated with a 54%, 50%, and 52% lower risk of hyperlipidemia in diabetic participants, respectively, but no significant association was observed in nondiabetic participants. These inverse associations persisted across subgroups stratified by sex, age, body mass index, smoking status, alcohol consumption, and physical activity. In addition, the fully adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia among diabetic participants were 0.54 (0.38, 0.77) and 0.61 (0.44, 0.85), respectively, when comparing to the first quartile of plasma niacin concentrations (all P_trend < .001). This study of 2647 participants observed that plasma niacin was inversely associated with hyperlipidemia in those with diabetes.

有关糖尿病患者血浆烟酸与高脂血症风险之间关系的证据很有限。我们旨在确定糖尿病患者/非糖尿病患者血浆烟酰胺/烟酸与高脂血症之间的关系。我们使用高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定了血浆中烟酰胺/烟酸的浓度。在一项横断面研究中，对糖尿病和非糖尿病参试者的血浆烟酸与高脂血症之间的关系进行了多变量逻辑回归分析。与第一四分位数相比，糖尿病患者血浆中烟酰胺、烟酸和烟酸（烟酰胺加烟酸）分别与54%、50%和52%的高脂血症风险降低相关，但在非糖尿病患者中未观察到明显的相关性。在按性别、年龄、体重指数、吸烟状况、饮酒量和体力活动进行分层的亚组中，这些反向关系依然存在。此外，与血浆烟酸浓度的第一四分位数相比，糖尿病参与者中高胆固醇血症和高甘油三酯血症的完全调整几率比（95% 置信区间）分别为 0.54 (0.38, 0.77) 和 0.61 (0.44, 0.85)（所有 Ptrend < .001）。这项对 2647 名参与者进行的研究发现，血浆烟酸与糖尿病患者的高脂血症呈反向关系。

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引用次数: 0

The MTHFR C677T/A1298C polymorphism is associated with increased risk of microangiopathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis MTHFR C677T/A1298C 多态性与 2 型糖尿病微血管病变风险增加有关：系统回顾与荟萃分析

IF 3.4 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Nutrition Research

Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2024.08.004

Yuxin Zhang , Yanjiao Zhang , Runyu Miao , Xinyi Fang , Ruiyang Yin , Huifang Guan , Jiaxing Tian

Extensive case-control association studies have been conducted over the past few decades to investigate the relationship between MTHFR polymorphism and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) microangiopathy. However, the strength of the evidence and clinical significance are unclear. Consequently, a meta-analysis was performed to examine the correlations between two prevalent MTHFR single nucleotide polymorphisms, MTHFR C677T and A1298C, and T2DM microangiopathy. Randomized controlled trials were systematically searched in PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI, VIP database, China Biology Medicine, and Wanfang until August 2023. A total of 42 studies were included. Random-effect models were utilized to estimate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to assess the association between MTHFR polymorphisms and T2DM microangiopathy susceptibility. T2DM microangiopathy was significantly associated with the MTHFR C677T polymorphism in the overall population (T vs C, OR = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.25-1.64; TT + CT vs CC: OR = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.30-1.88; TT vs CT + CC: OR = 1.66, 95% CI = 1.38-1.99; TT vs CC: OR = 2.03, 95% CI = 1.58-2.60). Additionally, the dominant model revealed that the MTHFR A1298C polymorphism was associated with T2DM microangiopathy (OR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.09-1.47). This meta-analysis revealed that MTHFR may be involved in the pathogenesis of T2DM microangiopathy, providing a reference for early diagnosis and treatment of T2DM.

在过去的几十年中，已经开展了大量的病例对照关联研究，探讨 MTHFR 多态性与 2 型糖尿病（T2DM）微血管病变之间的关系。然而，证据的强度和临床意义尚不明确。因此，我们进行了一项荟萃分析，研究两种流行的 MTHFR 单核苷酸多态性（MTHFR C677T 和 A1298C）与 T2DM 微血管病变之间的相关性。截至 2023 年 8 月，在 PubMed、Cochrane、Embase、Web of Science、CNKI、VIP 数据库、中国生物医学和万方数据库中系统检索了随机对照试验。共纳入 42 项研究。研究采用随机效应模型估算几率比（ORs）和 95% 置信区间（CIs），以评估 MTHFR 多态性与 T2DM 微血管病变易感性之间的关系。在总体人群中，T2DM 微血管病与 MTHFR C677T 多态性显著相关（T vs C：OR = 1.43，95% CI = 1.25-1.64；TT + CT vs CC：OR = 1.56，95% CI = 1.30-1.88；TT vs CT + CC：OR = 1.66，95% CI = 1.38-1.99；TT vs CC：OR = 2.03，95% CI = 1.58-2.60）。此外，显性模型显示，MTHFR A1298C 多态性与 T2DM 微血管病变相关（OR = 1.27，95% CI：1.09-1.47）。这项荟萃分析表明，MTHFR可能参与了T2DM微血管病变的发病机制，为T2DM的早期诊断和治疗提供了参考。

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引用次数: 0

A higher dietary alpha-linolenic acid intake is associated with lower colorectal cancer risk based on MUC4 rs2246901 variant among Korean adults 基于韩国成年人 MUC4 rs2246901 变异，膳食中α-亚麻酸摄入量越高，患结直肠癌的风险越低。

IF 3.4 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Nutrition Research

Pub Date : 2024-09-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2024.09.003

Ha Thi Mien Nguyen , Madhawa Gunathilake , Jeonghee Lee , Jae Hwan Oh , Hee Jin Chang , Dae Kyung Sohn , Aesun Shin , Jeongseon Kim

Alpha-linolenic acid (C18:3n-3 [ALA]) intake may have a beneficial effect in reducing cancer risk; however, its association with colorectal cancer (CRC) risk remains conflicted. Additionally, ALA was emphasized as being associated with mucins, an important glycoproteins family within the intestine. Thus, we hypothesized that a higher dietary ALA intake may reduce the risk of CRC and this preventive effect has an interaction with mucin 4 (MUC4) rs2246901. We conducted a case-control study at the National Cancer Center in Korea, involving 1039 cases and 1982 controls, aiming to determine the interaction of the MUC4 rs2246901 polymorphism and ALA intake in CRC risk. Dietary ALA intake was collected via semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire (SQFFQ), categorizing by 4 quartiles. We evaluated the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) through unconditional logistic regression models. Higher dietary ALA intake was found to be inversely associated with CRC risk (adjusted OR = 0.58; 95% CI, 0.45–0.75, P for trend < .001). No significant association between MUC4 rs2246901 polymorphism and CRC risk was found. In a recessive model, MUC4 rs2246901 seemed to modify this association; participants with at least 1 major allele and higher ALA intake had a significantly lower CRC risk than those who had a lower intake (adjusted OR = 0.56; 95% CI, 0.43–0.72; P interaction = .047). A higher dietary ALA was proposed as a potential protective nutrient against CRC. Moreover, this association might be influenced by presence of the MUC4 rs2246901 polymorphism.

α-亚麻酸（C18:3n-3 [ALA]）的摄入量可能对降低癌症风险有益；但是，它与结直肠癌（CRC）风险的关系仍然存在矛盾。此外，ALA 被强调与粘蛋白有关，而粘蛋白是肠道内重要的糖蛋白家族。因此，我们假设，从膳食中摄入更多的 ALA 可降低患 CRC 的风险，而这种预防效果与粘蛋白 4 (MUC4) rs2246901 有相互作用。我们在韩国国立癌症中心进行了一项病例对照研究，涉及 1039 例病例和 1982 例对照，旨在确定 MUC4 rs2246901 多态性与 ALA 摄入量在 CRC 风险中的相互作用。膳食中的 ALA 摄入量是通过半定量食物频率问卷（SQFFQ）收集的，分为 4 个四分位数。我们通过无条件逻辑回归模型评估了几率比（ORs）和95%置信区间（CIs）。结果发现，膳食中ALA的摄入量越高，患CRC的风险越低（调整OR = 0.58；95% CI，0.45-0.75，趋势P < .001）。未发现 MUC4 rs2246901 多态性与 CRC 风险有明显关联。在隐性模型中，MUC4 rs2246901 似乎改变了这种关联；至少有一个主要等位基因且 ALA 摄入量较高的参与者的 CRC 风险明显低于 ALA 摄入量较低者（调整 OR = 0.56；95% CI，0.43-0.72；P 交互作用 = .047）。膳食中较多的 ALA 被认为是一种潜在的保护性营养素，可预防 CRC。此外，这种关联可能受到 MUC4 rs2246901 多态性的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Low sucrose diets protect long-term memory and EPA & DHA enriched diets alter insulin resistance in a mouse model of chemotherapy 低蔗糖饮食能保护长期记忆，而富含 EPA 和 DHA 的饮食能改变化疗小鼠模型的胰岛素抵抗。

IF 3.4 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Nutrition Research

Pub Date : 2024-09-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2024.09.004

Kate Ormiston , Julie Fitzgerald , Rebecca Andridge , Maryam B. Lustberg , Anne Courtney DeVries , Tonya S. Orchard

Chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) and affective symptoms negatively impact quality of life in breast cancer survivors. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of high eicosapentaenoic acid + docosahexaenoic acid (EPA+DHA) and low sucrose diets to alleviate these symptoms in a mouse model of chemotherapy. Potential mechanisms involving insulin resistance were explored. We hypothesized that diets enriched in EPA+DHA and low amounts of sucrose would protect against the impact of chemotherapy on measures of CRCI. Female C57Bl/6 mice were randomized to 1 of 4 diets (2% kcal eicosapentaenoic acid + docosahexaenoic acid [EPA+DHA]/high or low sucrose, low omega-3/high or low sucrose) for 6 weeks and treated with two injections of doxorubicin-based chemotherapy or vehicle during week 2 and 4. Behavioral tests were performed 7 days after second injection. Chemotherapy increased serum insulin and decreased body weight, locomotion and exploratory behavior (all p < .05). Low sucrose consumption resulted in better long-term memory regardless of chemotherapy or vehicle injection (p < .05). 2% EPA+DHA consumption lessened insulin resistance (p < .05); however, controlling for body weight attenuated this effect (p = .08). There were no significant differences by diet or injection on liver lipid content; however, liver lipid content was positively correlated with insulin resistance scores (p < .05). Low sucrose diets may protect long-term memory during chemotherapy. The effect of EPA+DHA on insulin resistance and affective side effects during chemotherapy requires further investigation.

化疗相关认知障碍（CRCI）和情感症状会对乳腺癌幸存者的生活质量产生负面影响。本研究旨在确定高二十碳五烯酸+二十二碳六烯酸（EPA+DHA）和低蔗糖饮食对缓解化疗小鼠模型中这些症状的疗效。我们探讨了涉及胰岛素抵抗的潜在机制。我们假设，富含 EPA+DHA 和低蔗糖的膳食可防止化疗对 CRCI 的影响。雌性C57Bl/6小鼠被随机分配到4种饮食（2%千卡二十碳五烯酸+二十二碳六烯酸[EPA+DHA]/高或低蔗糖、低omega-3/高或低蔗糖）中的一种，为期6周，并在第2周和第4周接受两次多柔比星化疗或药物治疗。第二次注射后7天进行行为测试。化疗增加了血清胰岛素，降低了体重、运动和探索行为（均 p < .05）。无论化疗与否，食用低蔗糖都能改善长期记忆（p < .05）。摄入2%的EPA+DHA可减轻胰岛素抵抗（p < .05）；但是，控制体重会减弱这种效果（p = .08）。饮食或注射对肝脏脂质含量没有明显差异；但肝脏脂质含量与胰岛素抵抗评分呈正相关（p < .05）。低蔗糖饮食可保护化疗期间的长期记忆。EPA+DHA对化疗期间胰岛素抵抗和情感副作用的影响还需要进一步研究。

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引用次数: 0

Docosahexaenoic acid supplementation and infant brain development: role of gut microbiome 补充二十二碳六烯酸与婴儿大脑发育：肠道微生物群的作用。

IF 3.4 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Nutrition Research

Pub Date : 2024-09-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2024.08.005

Xi Fang , Soon Lee , Srujana Rayalam , Hea Jin Park

Perinatal stage represents a critical period for brain development. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is a ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid preferentially accumulated in the brain that may benefit neurodevelopment. Microbial colonization and maturation parallel with the rapid development of infant metabolic and brain function that may influence the effects of DHA on neurological development. This review aims to summarize the current literature on the mediating effects of DHA on brain and gut microbiome development and attempts to reevaluate the efficacy of DHA from a gut microbiome–mediated perspective. Specifically, the regulatory roles of DHA on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, inflammation, and neuroactive mediators may be partly moderated through gut microbiome. Consideration of the gut microbiome and gut–brain communication, when evaluating the efficacy of DHA, may provide new insights in better understanding the mechanisms of DHA and impart advantages to future development of nutritional therapy based on the nutrient-microbiome interaction.

围产期是大脑发育的关键时期。二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）是一种ω-3 多不饱和脂肪酸，优先在大脑中积累，可能有益于神经发育。微生物的定植和成熟与婴儿新陈代谢和大脑功能的快速发展并行，这可能会影响 DHA 对神经系统发育的影响。本综述旨在总结目前有关 DHA 对大脑和肠道微生物组发育的介导作用的文献，并尝试从肠道微生物组介导的角度重新评估 DHA 的功效。具体来说，DHA 对下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴、炎症和神经活性介质的调节作用可能部分通过肠道微生物组来调节。在评估 DHA 的疗效时考虑肠道微生物组和肠道与大脑的交流，可能会为更好地理解 DHA 的作用机制提供新的见解，并为未来开发基于营养素-微生物组相互作用的营养疗法带来优势。

引用次数: 0

IF 3.4 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Nutrition Research

Pub Date : 2024-09-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2024.09.005

Gabrielle Turner-McGrievy , Michael D. Wirth , Nkechi Okpara , Mary Jones , Yesil Kim , Sara Wilcox , Daniela B. Friedman , Mark A. Sarzynski , Angela D. Liese

The goal of this study was to examine the relationship between diet quality, nutrients, and health outcomes among participants in the Dietary Guidelines: 3 Diets study (3-group randomized 12-week intervention; African American; Southeastern virtual teaching kitchen). Participants (n = 63; ages 18-65 y, BMI 25-49.9 kg/m²) were randomized to the Healthy U.S. (H-US), Mediterranean (Med), or Vegetarian (Veg) groups. Hypotheses tested included (1) that the more plant-based diet patterns (Veg and Med) would have greater improvements in all diet quality indices (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII), alternate Mediterranean Diet Index (aMED), healthy Plant-based Dietary Index (hPDI) assessed via three dietary recalls) as compared to the H-US pattern and (2) that each index would separately predict changes in weight loss, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and blood pressure (BP). None of the group-by-time interactions for any of the diet indices were significant. Compared to the H-US group, Veg participants had greater increases in fiber (difference between groups 5.72 ± 2.10 5 g/day; P = .01), riboflavin (0.38 ± 0.19 mg/day; P = .05), and folate (87.39 ± 40.36 mcg/day; P = .03). For every one-point increase in hPDI, there was a 1.62 ± 0.58 mmHg decrease in systolic BP, for every one-point increase in aMED there was a 1.45 ± 0.70 mmHg decrease in diastolic BP, and for every one-point increase in hPDI, there was a 1.15 ± 0.38 mmHg decrease in diastolic BP. Findings indicate that there is significant overlap in the dietary recommendations of the three dietary patterns presented in the USDG and similarities in how African American adults adopt those diet patterns.

Clinical Trials registry at clinicaltrials.gov:NCT04981847.

本研究的目的是考察膳食指南参与者的膳食质量、营养素和健康结果之间的关系：3 Diets 研究（3 组随机干预，为期 12 周；非裔美国人；东南部虚拟教学厨房）。参与者（n = 63；年龄 18-65 岁，体重指数 25-49.9 kg/m2）被随机分配到美国健康组（H-US）、地中海组（Med）或素食组（Veg）。测试的假设包括：(1) 与美国健康饮食模式相比，以植物为基础的饮食模式（素食和地中海饮食）在所有饮食质量指数（膳食法预防高血压指数（DASH）、膳食炎症指数（DII）、替代地中海饮食指数（aMED）、通过三次膳食回顾评估的健康植物饮食指数（hPDI））方面都有更大的改善；(2) 每个指数都能分别预测体重减轻、血红蛋白 A1c（HbA1c）和血压（BP）的变化。任何饮食指数的组间时间交互作用都不显著。与 H-US 组相比，Veg 组参与者的纤维素（组间差异为 5.72 ± 2.10 5 克/天；P = .01）、核黄素（0.38 ± 0.19 毫克/天；P = .05）和叶酸（87.39 ± 40.36 微克/天；P = .03）增加较多。hPDI 每增加一个点，收缩压下降 1.62 ± 0.58 mmHg；aMED 每增加一个点，舒张压下降 1.45 ± 0.70 mmHg；hPDI 每增加一个点，舒张压下降 1.15 ± 0.38 mmHg。研究结果表明，USDG 提出的三种饮食模式的饮食建议有很大的重叠，非裔美国成年人采用这些饮食模式的方式也有相似之处。临床试验注册网址：clinicaltrials.gov:NCT04981847。

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