Nutrition Research最新文献_第5页

Editorial office and Board Members 编辑部和董事会成员

IF 3.1 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Nutrition Research

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/S0271-5317(26)00003-5

引用次数: 0

Association between dairy consumption and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease among Korean adults: Evidence from the prospective health examinees cohort 韩国成年人乳制品消费与代谢功能障碍相关的脂肪变性肝病之间的关系：来自前瞻性健康检查队列的证据

IF 3.1 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Nutrition Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2025.10.008

Wuttyi Khaing, Uyangamaa Nyamsuren, Sangah Shin

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) has emerged as a salient public health concern. Dietary factors, including dairy intake, have been identified as potential risk factors; however, evidence in Asian populations remains limited. This prospective cohort study aimed to examine the association between dairy product consumption and MASLD risk among Korean adults using data from the Health Examinees study. A total of 44,471 participants aged 40-69 years and without any liver disease at baseline were included. Dairy intake for milk, yogurt, and cheese was evaluated using a validated food frequency questionnaire. MASLD was defined by the fatty liver index (FLI) ≥60. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI), with adjustments for sociodemographic, lifestyle, and dietary factors. During an average follow-up of 4.5 years, 760 incident MASLD cases occurred in men and 786 in women. Higher total dairy consumption was associated with a lower risk of MASLD in men. Specifically, those with the highest intake of milk and yogurt had a significantly lower risk compared to those with the lowest intake (total dairy consumption, HR 0.79 [95% CI 0.61-0.98]; milk, HR 0.74 [95% CI 0.57-0.96]; yogurt, HR 0.79 [95% CI 0.64-0.97]). No significant associations were observed for cheese consumption or among women. These findings indicate a potential inverse association between milk and yogurt intake and MASLD risk in Korean men, but not in women, suggesting sex-specific dietary influences on liver health. Given the observational design, causal inference cannot be made.

代谢功能障碍相关的脂肪变性肝病（MASLD）已成为一个突出的公共卫生问题。饮食因素，包括乳制品的摄入，已被确定为潜在的风险因素；然而，在亚洲人群中的证据仍然有限。本前瞻性队列研究旨在利用健康体检者研究的数据，研究韩国成年人乳制品消费与MASLD风险之间的关系。共有44,471名参与者，年龄在40-69岁之间，基线时没有任何肝脏疾病。使用经过验证的食物频率问卷评估牛奶、酸奶和奶酪的乳制品摄入量。脂肪肝指数(FLI)≥60定义为MASLD。Cox比例风险模型用于估计风险比（HR）和95%置信区间（CI），并对社会人口统计学、生活方式和饮食因素进行调整。在平均4.5年的随访期间，男性发生760例MASLD，女性发生786例。较高的乳制品总消费量与较低的男性MASLD风险相关。具体来说，与摄入量最低的人相比，牛奶和酸奶摄入量最高的人患乳腺癌的风险明显更低（总乳制品摄入量，风险比0.79 [95% CI 0.61-0.98]；牛奶，风险比0.74 [95% CI 0.57-0.96]；酸奶，风险比0.79 [95% CI 0.64-0.97]）。没有观察到奶酪摄入量或女性之间的显著关联。这些发现表明，在韩国男性中，牛奶和酸奶摄入量与MASLD风险之间存在潜在的负相关，但在女性中没有，这表明性别特异性饮食对肝脏健康的影响。鉴于观察设计，不能做出因果推理。

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引用次数: 0

Probiotic-fermented milk alleviates hypertension in preeclampsia rats and is associated with increases in branched fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids 益生菌发酵乳可减轻子痫前期大鼠的高血压，并与羟基脂肪酸支链脂肪酸酯的增加有关

IF 3.1 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Nutrition Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2025.10.004

Tingyi Ke, Tiemin Jiang, Haiyun Li, Xinhong Dong, Hock Eng Khoo

Branched fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs), a newly-discovered class of endogenous lipids closely associated with obesity, cardiovascular disease, and aging, are potential drug candidates or targets for the prevention and treatment of related conditions. The antihypertensive potential of probiotic-fermented milk has been recognized, but its relevance to preeclampsia (PE) is unclear. It was hypothesized that probiotic-fermented milk could reduce blood pressure in PE rats and influence the contents of FAHFAs, with FAHFAs potentially playing a critical role in this process. To test this hypothesis, the PE rat model was constructed using L-NAME (125 mg/kg), and probiotic-fermented milk (20 mg/kg) was administered for a total of 21 d. Metagenomic sequencing and LC—MS/MS based metabolomics were used. Probiotic-fermented milk substantially attenuated hypertension in PE rats, with an efficacy comparable to that of labetalol (4 mg/kg). Probiotic-fermented milk significantly increased the contents of specific FAHFAs (e.g., 18:0/20:2, 16:0/18:2) in the gut and serum (P < .05) and FAHFAs was negatively correlated with blood pressure (P < .05). Probiotic-fermented milk regulated the composition of gut microbiota (increasing Lactiplantibacillus and Staphylococcus and decreasing Methanobrevibacter and Limosilactobacillus), and down-regulated purine, glyoxylate/dicarboxylate, and amino metabolism, and the one-carbon pool produced by folate. These metabolic shifts were strongly correlated with the gut microbiota and FAHFAs. These results indicate that probiotic-fermented milk alleviates hypertension in PE rats, potentially mediated by FAHFAs. This study provides foundational evidence for the antihypertensive mechanism of probiotic-fermented milk in preeclampsia and supports the development of novel strategies for its prevention and treatment.

羟基脂肪酸支链脂肪酸酯（FAHFAs）是一类新发现的内源性脂类，与肥胖、心血管疾病和衰老密切相关，是预防和治疗相关疾病的潜在候选药物或靶点。益生菌发酵乳的降压潜力已得到认可，但其与子痫前期（PE）的相关性尚不清楚。据推测，益生菌发酵乳可以降低PE大鼠的血压并影响FAHFAs的含量，而FAHFAs可能在这一过程中发挥关键作用。为了验证这一假设，我们使用L-NAME （125 mg/kg）构建PE大鼠模型，并给予益生菌发酵乳（20 mg/kg）共21 d。采用元基因组测序和LC-MS /MS代谢组学方法。益生菌发酵乳可显著减轻PE大鼠的高血压，其疗效与拉贝他洛尔（4mg /kg）相当。益生菌发酵乳显著提高了肠道和血清中特定FAHFAs含量（如18:0/20:2、16:0/18:2）（P < 0.05），且与血压呈负相关（P < 0.05）。益生菌发酵乳调节了肠道菌群组成（乳酸杆菌和葡萄球菌增加，甲烷杆菌和乳酸杆菌减少），下调了嘌呤、乙醛酸/二羧酸盐、氨基代谢和叶酸产生的单碳库。这些代谢变化与肠道微生物群和fahfa密切相关。这些结果表明，益生菌发酵乳可以减轻PE大鼠的高血压，可能是由fahfa介导的。本研究为益生菌发酵乳在子痫前期的降压机制提供了基础证据，并为其预防和治疗的新策略的开发提供了支持。

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引用次数: 0

Editorial office and Board Members 编辑部和董事会成员

IF 3.1 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Nutrition Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-09 DOI: 10.1016/S0271-5317(25)00149-6

引用次数: 0

Weight cycling in women: A challenge for cardiometabolic health, not for brown fat 女性体重循环：对心脏代谢健康的挑战，不是对棕色脂肪的挑战。

IF 3.1 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Nutrition Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2025.11.003

Laura Ramos Gonçalves Gomes , Isabela Solar , Maria Eduarda Martelli , Vinícius Ferreira Santos , Lício Augusto Velloso , Bruno Geloneze , Ana Carolina Junqueira Vasques

Body weight cycling (BWC) consists of repeated episodes of intentional weight loss followed by unintentional regain, which has been associated with adverse metabolic and body composition changes. In animal models, reduced energy expenditure may also contribute to brown adipose tissue (BAT) loss. Thus, we hypothesize that BWC in humans associates with reduced BAT activity. We explored associations between BWC, cold-induced BAT activity and cardiometabolic health. This cross-sectional study included 121 women (aged 20-41 years; body mass index: 18.9-52.3 kg/m²). Participants were classified as noncyclers or cyclers based on self-reported BWC history (≥3 episodes of intentional weight loss and regain of ≥4.5 kg over the past 4 years). Anthropometric and biochemical parameters were assessed, and visceral adipose tissue and body fat percentages (%BF) were evaluated using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). BAT activity was assessed using infrared thermography of the supraclavicular region at 15-minute intervals over a 2-hour period, and the maximum temperature reached during cold exposure was considered as BAT activity parameter. A total of 92 participants were classified as cyclers, exhibiting higher body adiposity and a more unfavorable metabolic profile than noncyclers. BWC emerged as a negative predictor of BAT activity (β = −0.34; P = .008), but this effect was completely mediated by %BF, rendering the direct association nonsignificant (β = −0.086; P = .539). These findings suggest the effect of BWC history on BAT activity was fully mediated by %BF. Clinically, this implies that therapies targeting BAT activity should also address overall adiposity in individuals with obesity, irrespective of prior weight-cycling history.

体重循环（Body weight cycle， BWC）由反复发作的有意减肥和随后的无意反弹组成，这与不利的代谢和身体成分变化有关。在动物模型中，能量消耗的减少也可能导致棕色脂肪组织（BAT）的损失。因此，我们假设人类BWC与BAT活性降低有关。我们探讨了BWC、冷诱导的BAT活性和心脏代谢健康之间的关系。这项横断面研究包括121名女性（年龄20-41岁，体重指数：18.9-52.3 kg/m²）。参与者根据自我报告的体重史（过去4年内有意减重≥3次，体重反弹≥4.5 kg）被分为非骑自行车者和骑自行车者。评估人体测量和生化参数，并使用双能x线吸收仪（DXA）评估内脏脂肪组织和体脂百分比（%BF）。在2小时的时间内，每隔15分钟对锁骨上区域进行红外热像仪评估BAT活性，并以冷暴露时达到的最高温度作为BAT活性参数。共有92名参与者被归类为骑自行车者，与不骑自行车者相比，他们表现出更高的身体脂肪和更不利的代谢状况。BWC是BAT活性的负向预测因子（β = -0.34; P = 0.008），但这种影响完全由%BF介导，因此直接关联不显著（β = -0.086; P = 0.539）。这些结果表明，BWC史对BAT活性的影响完全由%BF介导。在临床上，这意味着针对BAT活性的治疗也应该针对肥胖个体的整体肥胖，而不考虑先前的体重循环史。

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引用次数: 0

Evening chronotype, irregular circadian eating patterns, and eating-related behaviors may be associated with increased obesity risk among Turkish university students: A large-scale cross-sectional study 土耳其大学生的夜间睡眠类型、不规则的昼夜节律饮食模式和饮食相关行为可能与肥胖风险增加有关：一项大规模横断面研究。

IF 3.1 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Nutrition Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2025.11.002

Hatice Ozcaliskan Ilkay

This study investigated the interplay between chronotype, chrononutritional indices, diet quality, eating behaviors, circadian rhythm variables, and obesity indicators in university students. Specifically, in this cross-sectional study, 618 healthy students from Erciyes University completed validated questionnaires assessing chronotype (Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire, MEQ), Mediterranean diet adherence (Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener, MEDAS), hedonic hunger (Power of Food Scale, PFS), eating awareness (Mindful Eating Inventory, MEI), and chrononutritional variables. Furthermore, associations were evaluated using ANCOVA, partial correlations, and multiple regression analyses. Results indicated that morning types demonstrated higher MEDAS and MEI scores, more frequent breakfast consumption, lower eating and social jetlag than evening types; while evening types had a shorter eating window than intermediate types (all P < .05). Moreover, greater eating jetlag was associated with longer eating windows, more frequent breakfast consumption, higher social jetlag, and shorter sleep (all P < .001). In addition, multivariable models showed that MEI scores were inversely associated with waist circumference (β = −0.104, P < .001), waist-to-hip ratio (β = −0.074, P = .013), and body mass index (β = −0.156, P < .001). Conversely, PFS scores were positively correlated with anthropometric indicators of obesity, while MEI scores were inversely associated with these measures (all P < .05). Taken together, evening chronotype, irregular meal timing, and predominantly lower eating awareness were independently linked to poorer dietary patterns, adverse eating behaviors, and increased obesity risk in young adults. Thus, promoting morning-oriented eating, regular meals, and mindful eating may improve metabolic health in this population.

本研究旨在探讨大学生的睡眠类型、时间营养指标、饮食质量、饮食行为、昼夜节律变量和肥胖指标之间的相互作用。具体来说，在这项横断面研究中，来自埃尔西耶斯大学的618名健康学生完成了有效的问卷调查，评估了时间类型（早-晚性问卷，MEQ）、地中海饮食依从性（地中海饮食依从性筛查，MEDAS）、享乐饥饿（食物力量量表，PFS）、饮食意识（正念饮食量表，MEI）和时间营养变量。此外，使用ANCOVA、偏相关和多元回归分析评估相关性。结果表明，与晚睡型的人相比，早起型的人的MEDAS和MEI得分更高，早餐消费更频繁，饮食和社交时差更低；而夜间型的进食时间较中间型短（P < 0.05）。此外，更大的进食时差与更长的进食时间、更频繁的早餐消费、更高的社交时差和更短的睡眠（均P < 0.001）有关。此外，多变量模型显示，MEI评分与腰围（β = -0.104, P < .001）、腰臀比（β = -0.074, P = .013）和体重指数（β = -0.156, P < .001）呈负相关。相反，PFS评分与肥胖的人体测量指标正相关，而MEI评分与这些指标负相关（均P < 0.05）。综上所述，夜间睡眠类型、不规律的用餐时间和较低的饮食意识与年轻人较差的饮食模式、不良的饮食行为和肥胖风险增加有独立的联系。因此，提倡以早晨为导向的饮食、规律的饮食和有意识的饮食可能会改善这一人群的代谢健康。

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引用次数: 0

Including malnourished siblings in treatment improves nutritional outcomes for children with sickle cell anemia in Northern Nigeria: Results from a feasibility trial 将营养不良的兄弟姐妹纳入治疗可改善尼日利亚北部镰状细胞性贫血儿童的营养结局：可行性试验的结果。

IF 3.1 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Nutrition Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2025.10.006

Hassan Adam Murtala , Shehu U. Abdullahi , Safiya Gambo , Halima Kabir , Khadija A. Shamsu , Garba Gwarzo , Sari A. Acra , Virginia A. Stallings , Mark Rodeghier , Michael R. DeBaun , Lauren J. Klein

Best treatment approaches for malnutrition in children with sickle cell anemia (SCA) remain underexplored. We hypothesized that (1) children with SCA (CwSCA) enrolled in a malnutrition trial alongside their non-SCA siblings would experience greater nutritional improvements than those without an enrolled sibling and (2) enrolled malnourished siblings without SCA would have higher baseline nutritional status and greater improvements in nutritional status than CwSCA. We tested these hypotheses as part of a randomized controlled feasibility trial at 2 medical centers in northern Nigeria, a low-resource setting with a significant burden of malnutrition and SCA. Participants included 108 CwSCA (5-12 years) with severe malnutrition (body mass index (BMI) z-score <-3.0), 21 of whom had an enrolled sibling (Sibling) with severe malnutrition but without SCA (5-12 years, n = 22). All participants received daily ready-to-use therapeutic food (RUTF) for 12 weeks. CwSCA with a Sibling had a higher mean BMI z-score change than CwSCA without a Sibling (0.8 vs 0.4, P = .003). The mean baseline BMI z-scores for the CwSCA (-3.7) were comparable to those of their Siblings (-3.6; P = .47). Improvement in BMI z-score was similar between CwSCA and their malnourished siblings without SCA. In conclusion, our findings suggest that including malnourished siblings in nutritional interventions enhances outcomes for CwSCA. We postulate that the additional calories delivered by co-treating siblings reduce intrahousehold competition for RUTF, thereby allowing CwSCA to consume a greater share of the therapeutic food. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03634488).

镰状细胞性贫血（SCA）儿童营养不良的最佳治疗方法仍未得到充分探索。我们假设：(1)与非SCA兄弟姐妹一起参加营养不良试验的SCA （CwSCA）儿童比没有参加试验的兄弟姐妹有更大的营养改善；(2)与CwSCA相比，没有SCA的营养不良兄弟姐妹有更高的基线营养状况和更大的营养状况改善。作为随机对照可行性试验的一部分，我们在尼日利亚北部的两个医疗中心测试了这些假设，这是一个资源匮乏的环境，营养不良和SCA负担沉重。参与者包括108名患有严重营养不良（身体质量指数（BMI） z-score）的CwSCA（5-12岁）

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引用次数: 0

David Kritchevsky Graduate Student Award for Nutrition Research 大卫·克里切夫斯基营养研究研究生奖

IF 3.1 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Nutrition Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-09 DOI: 10.1016/S0271-5317(25)00150-2

引用次数: 0

Comparison between the consumption of red meat with and without visible fat: Associations with prospective changes in cardiometabolic risk factors in adults 40 years of age and older 食用含和不含可见脂肪的红肉的比较：与40岁及以上成年人心脏代谢危险因素的预期变化的关系

IF 3.1 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Nutrition Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2025.11.001

Arthur E. Mesas , Bruno Bizzozero-Peroni , Vicente Martinez-Vizcaino , Marcos A.S. Cabrera , Mariana R. Urbano , Airton C. Martins , Michael Aschner , Monica M.B. Paoliello

While previous studies have suggested associations between frequent red meat (RM) consumption with visible fat and cardiovascular disease, prospective evidence examining relationships with specific cardiometabolic risk factors remains limited. The objective of this population-based cohort study was to analyze the associations between RM consumption, including selecting lean cuts or removing visible fat, and changes in cardiometabolic risk factors in adults. The study included 1180 Brazilian adults 40 years of age and older, evaluated between 2011 and 2015. Linear regression models were adjusted by the main confounders to estimate the associations between daily RM and RM fat consumption with changes in body mass index, waist circumference (WC), blood pressure, and lipid profile. Of the initial participants, 884 (74.9%) were followed up, of whom 25.0% consumed RM daily and 36.5% regularly ate RM fat. Daily vs nondaily RM consumption showed no associations with changes in cardiometabolic risk factors. However, compared to participants who removed visible fat, those consuming RM fat showed significantly greater WC increases (β = 1.29 cm; 95% confidence interval: 0.34, 2.34) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol decreases (β = −1.85 mg/dL; 95% confidence interval: −3.51, −0.19). Although the results were adjusted for baseline values, body mass index, sociodemographic and lifestyle factors, data on diet quality and energy intake were unavailable and could not be included. Daily RM consumption was not associated with adverse cardiometabolic changes. However, visible RM fat consumption was associated with modest but statistically significant increases in WC and decreases in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in adults ≥40 years of age who consume RM regularly.

虽然之前的研究表明，经常食用红肉与可见脂肪和心血管疾病之间存在关联，但研究红肉与特定心脏代谢风险因素之间关系的前瞻性证据仍然有限。这项以人群为基础的队列研究的目的是分析成人RM消费（包括选择瘦肉或去除可见脂肪）与心脏代谢危险因素变化之间的关系。该研究包括1180名40岁及以上的巴西成年人，在2011年至2015年期间进行评估。通过主要混杂因素调整线性回归模型，估计每日RM和RM脂肪消耗与体重指数、腰围（WC）、血压和血脂变化之间的关系。在最初的参与者中，884人（74.9%）接受了随访，其中25.0%的人每天食用RM， 36.5%的人经常食用RM脂肪。每日与非每日RM消耗显示与心脏代谢危险因素的变化无关。然而，与去除可见脂肪的参与者相比，摄入RM脂肪的参与者WC明显增加（β = 1.29 cm； 95%可信区间：0.34,2.34），高密度脂蛋白胆固醇降低（β = - 1.85 mg/dL； 95%可信区间：- 3.51,- 0.19）。虽然根据基线值、体重指数、社会人口统计和生活方式因素对结果进行了调整，但饮食质量和能量摄入的数据无法获得，也无法纳入研究。每日摄入RM与不良的心脏代谢变化无关。然而，在≥40岁的定期食用RM的成年人中，可见RM脂肪的摄入与WC的适度增加和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇的降低相关，但具有统计学意义。

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引用次数: 0

Influence of the CYP1A2 genotype on the exercise performance of physically active individuals under caffeine supplementation: a systematic review CYP1A2基因型对咖啡因补充下运动个体运动表现的影响：一项系统综述

IF 3.1 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Nutrition Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2025.10.005

Gabriel Peres Messenburger , Fernanda Ferreira Nuñez , Olavo Porepp , Lucas das Neves Collares , Felipe Mendes Delpino , Carlos Castilho de Barros , Simone Pieniz

This study aims to evaluate the influence of the CYP1A2 genotype on the exercise performance of athletes and physically active individuals with caffeine supplementation. We followed the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis. The search was performed up to May 2025 and included the following databases: PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CINAHL, LILACS, and SPORTDiscus. Only randomized clinical trials evaluating the effects of caffeine supplementation and the influence of the CYP1A2 genotype on exercise performance were included. The risk of bias was evaluated using the updated version of the Cochrane tool for assessing bias risk in randomized trials (RoB 2). We included 19 studies, involving 732 participants, and published between 2012 and 2024. Dosages of caffeine supplementation ranged from 2 to 9 mg/kg. Although there is no consensus among all studies, caffeine supplementation has shown positive results in sports performance in individuals with the AA genotype, as well as positive for AC individuals with smaller effect sizes, and null or negative for individuals with the CC genotype. The majority (84%) of the included studies were classified as “some concerns” in our risk of bias analysis, with only two studies classified as having a low risk of bias. Caffeine may enhance athletic performance in various sports modalities and physical tests in individuals with the AA genotype, may also demonstrate marginal improvement in AC individuals, and has null or detrimental effects on individuals with the CC genotype.

本研究旨在评估CYP1A2基因型对补充咖啡因的运动员和体力活动者运动表现的影响。我们遵循了系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目的建议。检索截止到2025年5月，包括以下数据库：PubMed、EMBASE、Scopus、Web of Science、Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials、CINAHL、LILACS和SPORTDiscus。仅纳入了评估咖啡因补充效果和CYP1A2基因型对运动表现影响的随机临床试验。使用更新版本的Cochrane随机试验偏倚风险评估工具对偏倚风险进行评估（RoB 2）。我们纳入了19项研究，涉及732名参与者，发表于2012年至2024年之间。咖啡因补充剂量为2至9毫克/公斤。虽然在所有的研究中没有达成共识，但咖啡因补充剂对AA基因型个体的运动表现有积极的影响，对AC个体的影响较小，对CC基因型个体的影响为零或阴性。在我们的偏倚风险分析中，大多数（84%）纳入的研究被归类为“一些关注”，只有两项研究被归类为低偏倚风险。咖啡因可以提高AA基因型个体在各种运动方式和体能测试中的运动表现，也可能在AC基因型个体中显示出边际改善，而对CC基因型个体没有影响或有害影响。

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引用次数: 0