Nutrition Research最新文献_第5页

Comparing apples to apples: Evaluating foodomics in precision nutrition research featuring the influence of polyphenols on the gut microbiome 苹果与苹果的比较：以多酚对肠道微生物组的影响为特征的精确营养研究中的食物组学评估。

IF 3.1 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Nutrition Research

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2025.09.003

Eva Keohane , Jessica Prenni , Sarah A. Johnson , Charlene Van Buiten

This review aimed to evaluate the use of advanced omics methodologies in dietary intervention clinical trials investigating the influence of polyphenols on the gut microbiome. All published clinical studies in the Cochrane Library database from 2014 to 2024 containing the keywords “polyphenols” and “gut microbiome” were compiled and categorized based on experimental design, analytical methodologies, and findings. We found that despite known variability in food composition across agricultural and processing parameters, omics analysis of the food used in clinical nutrition interventions has not been widely embraced. None of the studies evaluated employed untargeted omics approaches for food composition analysis, while 5 of the 38 studies used untargeted omics for clinical samples analysis. Targeted analytical methods focused on known compounds or proxies were more commonly used for food composition analysis (18 of 38 studies) and clinical samples (24 of 38 studies), though analysis of clinical samples focused on a greater number of target compounds. Data from these studies support relationships between the gut microbiome, clinical outcomes, and specific metabolites. However, several studies highlight inconsistencies between their findings and previous literature, which may be attributed to unrealized differences in polyphenol composition. We propose that inclusion of comprehensive omics-based food composition analyses in dietary intervention clinical trials may increase study value by accounting for variability in food composition and enabling novel discovery. Such data would support the emerging fields of personalized and precision nutrition, aimed at understanding the influence of individual human characteristics on physiological responses to foods, nutrients, phytochemicals, and dietary patterns.

本综述旨在评估先进的组学方法在研究多酚对肠道微生物组影响的饮食干预临床试验中的应用。根据实验设计、分析方法和研究结果，对2014年至2024年Cochrane Library数据库中包含“多酚”和“肠道微生物组”关键词的所有已发表的临床研究进行汇编和分类。我们发现，尽管已知食品成分在农业和加工参数方面存在差异，但用于临床营养干预的食品组学分析尚未被广泛接受。被评估的研究中没有一项采用非靶向组学方法进行食品成分分析，而38项研究中有5项使用非靶向组学方法进行临床样本分析。针对已知化合物或替代品的针对性分析方法更常用于食品成分分析（38项研究中的18项）和临床样本（38项研究中的24项），尽管临床样本的分析侧重于更多的目标化合物。这些研究的数据支持肠道微生物组、临床结果和特定代谢物之间的关系。然而，一些研究强调了他们的发现与先前文献之间的不一致，这可能归因于未意识到的多酚成分的差异。我们建议在饮食干预临床试验中纳入全面的基于组学的食物成分分析，可以通过考虑食物成分的可变性和促进新发现来增加研究价值。这些数据将支持个性化和精确营养的新兴领域，旨在了解个人特征对食物、营养素、植物化学物质和饮食模式的生理反应的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Robustness is action, not assertion: Reassessing an isolation attempt reveals methodological breaches in dietary inorganic nitrate research 稳健性是行动，而不是断言：重新评估分离的尝试揭示了饮食无机硝酸盐研究方法上的漏洞

IF 3.1 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Nutrition Research

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2025.09.005

Jonas Benjamim

引用次数: 0

A response to a letter to the editor: “Claims of group-level accuracy for bioelectrical impedance analysis in paediatric obesity: A cautionary note” 对致编辑的一封信的回应：“声称儿童肥胖的生物电阻抗分析在群体水平上的准确性：一个警告”。

IF 3.1 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Nutrition Research

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2025.07.004

Camilla Raaby Benjaminsen , Rasmus Møller Jørgensen , Esben Thyssen Vestergaard , Jens Meldgaard Bruun

引用次数: 0

The light is in the details: Transparent methodology and scientific integrity in systematic review design 细节是光明的：系统评价设计的透明方法和科学完整性。

IF 3.1 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Nutrition Research

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2025.08.007

Daniel Forster , Gustavo Waclawovsky , Giuseppe Potrick Stefani

引用次数: 0

Higher dietary inflammatory index is associated with reduced lung function in non-COPD adults: A cross-sectional study of NHANES 2007-2012 NHANES 2007-2012的一项横断面研究表明，非copd成人较高的饮食炎症指数与肺功能降低有关

IF 3.1 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Nutrition Research

Pub Date : 2025-09-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2025.09.012

Xuefeng Li , Qiang Wang , Youmei Wang , Meiling Zhang

The association between lung function and dietary inflammatory index (DII) in non-chronic obstructive pulmonary (non-COPD) population is currently unknown. We hypothesized that higher DII is associated with lower lung function measures, particularly forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC). Data from 7990 NHANES (2007-2012) participants (48.5% men, 51.5% women; mean BMI 29.1±6.6 kg/m²) were analyzed. The DII scores were calculated from 24-hour dietary recall and divided into tertiles. After adjusting for confounders, multivariable linear regression analysis revealed that each unit increase in DII score was associated with a 23.16 mL reduction in FEV1 and a 34.95 mL reduction in FVC (p < .001). When DII was analyzed as a categorical variable, participants in the higher tertiles (T2 and T3) had significantly lower FVC and FEV1 compared with those in the lowest tertile (T1) (p < .001). Restricted cubic spline analysis indicated a linear association between DII and lung function parameters (FEV1 and FVC), with the P-value for nonlinearity > .05. In our study, subgroup analyses revealed weaker associations between DII and lung function in obese individuals. Specifically, FEV1 was reduced by 14.17 mL (significant interaction, P = .015), and FVC was reduced by 24.51 mL (interaction approaching significance, P = .056). In conclusion, pro-inflammatory diets (higher DII) negatively affect lung function in middle-aged non-COPD populations, with weaker associations in obese individuals.

非慢性阻塞性肺（non-COPD）人群肺功能与饮食炎症指数（DII）之间的关系目前尚不清楚。我们假设较高的DII与较低的肺功能测量有关，特别是1秒用力呼气量（FEV1）和用力肺活量（FVC）。分析了7990名NHANES（2007-2012）参与者的数据（男性48.5%，女性51.5%，平均BMI 29.1±6.6 kg/m²）。DII评分是根据24小时饮食回忆计算的，并分为三分位数。在调整混杂因素后，多变量线性回归分析显示，DII评分每增加一个单位，FEV1减少23.16 mL， FVC减少34.95 mL （p < .001）。当DII作为分类变量进行分析时，高分位数（T2和T3）的参与者与最低分位数（T1）的参与者相比，FVC和FEV1显著降低（p < .001）。限制性三次样条分析显示，DII与肺功能参数（FEV1和FVC）呈线性相关，非线性p值为0.05。在我们的研究中，亚组分析显示，在肥胖个体中，DII与肺功能之间的关联较弱。其中，FEV1减少14.17 mL（显著交互作用，P = 0.015）， FVC减少24.51 mL（交互作用接近显著，P = 0.056）。综上所述，促炎饮食（较高的DII）对中年非copd人群的肺功能有负面影响，与肥胖人群的相关性较弱。

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引用次数: 0

GenAI in nutritional sciences (GAINS): A systematic review and reporting framework for future research 营养科学基因分析（gain）：未来研究的系统评价和报告框架

IF 3.1 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Nutrition Research

Pub Date : 2025-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2025.09.011

Bettina Hieronimus , Maria-Laura Lopez-Aguirre , Marc Birringer , Maren Podszun

The growing integration of large language model (LLM)-powered chatbots in healthcare has raised interest in their potential to provide nutritional advice. This pre-registered systematic review (CRD42025619448) aimed to synthesize current evidence on the quality of nutritional advice provided by LLM-powered chatbots. We focused on advice related to metabolic diseases, food allergies or intolerances, nutrient intake, and nutrition during pregnancy or lactation. Out of 2469 records found through an extensive search, 13 studies satisfied the inclusion criteria. We conducted standardized data extraction and quality evaluations. While the chatbots in the included studies demonstrate potential as tools for nutrition advice, caution is necessary as they tend to be less effective with complex cases and may occasionally produce incorrect responses. Synthesis of the included studies revealed substantial methodological heterogeneity, particularly in evaluation criteria and study design, which precluded meaningful cross-study comparisons. Key limitations included the frequent use of subjective or poorly defined assessment measures as well as a lack of reproducibility testing. Despite these issues, all but 1 study agreed that while LLM-powered chatbots show potential for supporting nutritional advice, they are not yet ready for unsupervised use. In response to the methodological gaps identified, we propose a reporting guideline for the use of Generative AI in Nutritional Sciences (GAINS) to promote greater rigor, transparency, and comparability in future studies evaluating chatbot-generated nutritional advice.

大型语言模型（LLM）驱动的聊天机器人在医疗保健领域的日益整合，提高了人们对它们提供营养建议的潜力的兴趣。这项预注册的系统评价（CRD42025619448）旨在综合目前由llm驱动的聊天机器人提供的营养建议质量的证据。我们关注与代谢性疾病、食物过敏或不耐受、营养摄入和孕期或哺乳期营养相关的建议。在通过广泛检索找到的2469条记录中，有13项研究符合纳入标准。开展标准化数据提取和质量评价。虽然在纳入的研究中，聊天机器人展示了作为营养建议工具的潜力，但谨慎是必要的，因为它们对复杂的病例往往不太有效，有时可能会产生错误的回答。综合纳入的研究显示了大量的方法学异质性，特别是在评价标准和研究设计方面，这排除了有意义的交叉研究比较。主要的限制包括经常使用主观或定义不明确的评估措施以及缺乏可重复性测试。尽管存在这些问题，但除了一项研究外，所有研究都一致认为，尽管llm驱动的聊天机器人显示出支持营养建议的潜力，但它们尚未准备好无人监督的使用。针对所发现的方法差距，我们提出了一项在营养科学中使用生成人工智能（gain）的报告指南，以提高未来评估聊天机器人生成的营养建议的研究的严谨性、透明度和可比性。

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引用次数: 0

High-fat diet-induced obesity alters the dose-dependent metabolism of (–)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate in mice 高脂肪饮食引起的肥胖改变了小鼠(-)-表没食子儿茶素-3-没食子酸酯的剂量依赖性代谢。

IF 3.1 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Nutrition Research

Pub Date : 2025-09-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2025.09.009

Soomee Hwang , Imhoi Koo , Andrew D. Patterson , Joshua D. Lambert

Obesity is a major risk factor for cardiovascular and liver diseases. Green tea-based dietary supplements have gained popularity for weight management. However, human and animal model studies have reported that high oral bolus doses of (–)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the most abundant catechin in green tea, can cause hepatotoxicity. Obesity can affect the biotransformation enzyme systems, but the effect of obesity on EGCG metabolite profile has not been determined. We hypothesized that pre-existing obesity would cause a shift in the biotransformation of EGCG and enhance the production of oxidative metabolites at higher EGCG doses. To test this hypothesis, we used liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolomics to compare the urinary EGCG metabolite profile following administration of vehicle (0.9% sodium chloride) or EGCG (100 or 750 mg/kg) to obese or age-matched lean, male C57BL6/J mice. We found that differences in EGCG metabolism between treatment groups were primarily driven by glucuronidated and oxidation metabolites of EGCG. Significantly higher relative concentrations of cysteinyl EGCG in obese mice compared to lean mice suggest that obesity altered EGCG biotransformation in a manner that may enhance susceptibility to hepatotoxicity. These findings highlight the need for additional research on the mechanisms of EGCG-induced hepatotoxicity across body condition.

肥胖是心血管和肝脏疾病的主要危险因素。以绿茶为基础的膳食补充剂在体重管理方面越来越受欢迎。然而，人体和动物模型研究已经报道，大剂量口服(-)-表没食子儿茶素-3-没食子酸酯（EGCG），绿茶中最丰富的儿茶素，可引起肝毒性。肥胖可以影响生物转化酶系统，但肥胖对EGCG代谢物谱的影响尚未确定。我们假设，先前存在的肥胖会导致EGCG生物转化的转变，并在较高的EGCG剂量下增加氧化代谢物的产生。为了验证这一假设，我们使用基于液相色谱-质谱的代谢组学来比较肥胖或年龄匹配的瘦雄性C57BL6/J小鼠在给药（0.9%氯化钠）或EGCG（100或750 mg/kg）后尿液EGCG代谢物谱。我们发现治疗组之间EGCG代谢的差异主要是由EGCG的葡萄糖醛酸化和氧化代谢物驱动的。肥胖小鼠的半胱氨酸EGCG相对浓度明显高于瘦小鼠，这表明肥胖改变了EGCG的生物转化，可能会增加对肝毒性的易感性。这些发现强调了对egcg诱导的肝毒性机制进行进一步研究的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

Systemic inflammation mediates the association between docosahexaenoic acid/docosapentaenoic acid ratio and the risk of periodontitis 全身性炎症介导二十二碳六烯酸/二十二碳五烯酸比例与牙周炎风险之间的关联。

IF 3.1 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Nutrition Research

Pub Date : 2025-09-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2025.09.008

Yunqiang Yang , Minyang Ge , Zhouqing Yu , Fan Mao , Chun Xie , Chuncheng Ge

Docosapentaenoic acid (DPA_ω6) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are ω6 and ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), but their association with periodontitis is controversial. We hypothesize that a novel ratio incorporating these 2 PUFAs could provide a more reliable indicator of the relationship between serum PUFAs and the risk of periodontitis. To test this hypothesis, we examined the association between the DHA-to-DPA_ω6 ratio and the risk of periodontitis and explored the potential mechanism in human subjects. Logistic regression was employed to investigate the relationship between the DHA-to-DPA_ω6 ratio and periodontitis using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Restricted cubic spline analysis was performed to determine whether the association was linear or nonlinear, and mediation analyses were performed to identify the mediators of the association. Periodontitis was diagnosed in 1444 of 2937 participants. Unlike DHA or DPA_ω6 individually, the DHA-to-DPA_ω6 ratio was significantly associated with periodontitis risk (odds ratio: 0.99; 95% CI: 0.98–0.99; P = .03) and disease severity. This association was mediated by systemic inflammation (β = –0.004; 95% CI, –0.007 to –0.002; P < .001), rather than by oxidative stress, immunomodulation, or metabolic regulation. This novel omega-3-to-omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio provides clinicians with a polyunsaturated fatty acid–based tool with which to evaluate the risk of periodontitis. It is therefore recommended that DHA intake be increased and DPA intake decreased to reduce the risk of the disease.

二十二碳五烯酸（DPA_ω6）和二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）是ω6和ω3多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFAs），但它们与牙周炎的关系存在争议。我们假设一个包含这两种PUFAs的新比率可以为血清PUFAs与牙周炎风险之间的关系提供更可靠的指标。为了验证这一假设，我们研究了dha - dpa_ω 6比值与牙周炎风险之间的关系，并探讨了人类受试者的潜在机制。采用Logistic回归方法分析dha - dpa_ω 6比值与牙周炎的关系，数据来源于全国健康与营养检查调查。使用限制三次样条分析来确定这种关联是线性的还是非线性的，并使用中介分析来确定这种关联的中介。2937名参与者中有1444人被诊断患有牙周炎。与DHA或DPA_ω6单独不同，DHA与DPA_ω6比值与牙周炎风险（优势比：0.99;95% CI: 0.98-0.99; P = 0.03）和疾病严重程度显著相关。这种关联是由全身性炎症介导的（β = -0.004; 95% CI, -0.007至-0.002;P < .001），而不是氧化应激、免疫调节或代谢调节。这种新颖的omega-3与omega-6多不饱和脂肪酸比率为临床医生提供了一种基于多不饱和脂肪酸的工具，用于评估牙周炎的风险。因此，建议增加DHA摄入量，减少DPA摄入量，以降低患病风险。

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引用次数: 0

Higher dietary ketogenic ratio is associated with accelerated biological aging among US adults: analysis from NHANES 2005-2018 较高的饮食生酮比例与美国成年人加速的生物衰老有关：来自NHANES 2005-2018的分析。

IF 3.1 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Nutrition Research

Pub Date : 2025-09-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2025.09.010

Xinyi Zheng , Hongyang Gong , Ruimin Zhang , Junqian Wang , Guangyan Cai , Xiangmei Chen

Ketogenic diet (KD) is widely prescribed for weight management in obese individuals, yet their potential impact on biological aging remains unclear. Using cross-sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 2005-2018) to test the hypothesis that KD may accelerate biological aging, biological aging was assessed through 4 indices: biological age acceleration (BioAgeAccel), phenotypic age acceleration (PhenoAgeAccel), homeostatic dysregulation (HD) and serum Klotho concentrations. Weighted multivariable linear regression and restricted cubic spline analyses were performed to evaluate the effects of KD on biological aging. Subgroup and interaction analyses were performed to assess the consistency of these associations across populations. Among the 22,026 included adults, fully adjusted models revealed that each 1-unit increase in dietary ketogenic ratio (DKR) corresponded to a 5.65-year increase in BioAgeAccel (P < .001), a 0.88-year increase in PhenoAgeAccel (P < .05), and a 67.67 pg/mL decrease in Klotho concentrations (P < .05). Restricted cubic spline (RCS) revealed a linear positive association between BioAgeAccel and DKR (P for overall < .001, P for nonlinear = .257), a positive association with potential nonlinearity between PhenoAgeAccel and DKR (P for overall = .001, P for nonlinear = .089, Inflection point = .371), a positive association with nonlinearity (P for overall = .016, P for overall = .002, Inflection point = .371) between HD and DKR, and a negative association with a nonlinear trend (P for overall = .002, P for nonlinear = .053, Inflection point = .374) between Klotho and DKR. Subgroup and interaction analyses confirmed the consistency of these associations across populations. Higher DKR values are positively correlated with accelerated biological aging, particularly when DKR exceeds 0.371. This is the first population-based study to demonstrate this association.

生酮饮食（KD）被广泛用于肥胖个体的体重管理，但其对生物衰老的潜在影响尚不清楚。利用国家健康与营养调查（NHANES, 2005-2018）的横断面数据来验证KD可能加速生物衰老的假设，通过4个指标来评估生物衰老：生物年龄加速（BioAgeAccel）、表型年龄加速（PhenoAgeAccel）、稳态失调（HD）和血清Klotho浓度。采用加权多变量线性回归和限制三次样条分析来评价KD对生物衰老的影响。进行亚组分析和相互作用分析，以评估这些关联在人群中的一致性。在纳入的22,026名成年人中，完全调整模型显示，饮食生酮比（DKR）每增加1个单位，BioAgeAccel增加5.65年（P < 0.001）， PhenoAgeAccel增加0.88年（P < 0.05）， Klotho浓度降低67.67 pg/mL （P < 0.05）。限制三次样条（RCS）显示，BioAgeAccel与DKR之间存在线性正相关（P < 0.001， P为非线性），表型ageaccel与DKR之间存在潜在非线性正相关（P为总体= 0.001，P为非线性= 0.089，拐点= 0.371），HD与DKR之间存在非线性正相关（P为总体= 0.016，P为总体= 0.002，拐点= 0.371）。Klotho和DKR之间与非线性趋势呈负相关（总体P = 0.002，非线性P = 0.053，拐点= 0.374）。亚组分析和相互作用分析证实了这些关联在人群中的一致性。较高的DKR值与生物老化加速呈正相关，特别是当DKR超过0.371时。这是首次以人群为基础的研究来证明这种关联。

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引用次数: 0

Spirulina liquid extract regulates gene expression related to glucose and lipid metabolisms of soleus muscle during exercise training in young male Wistar rats fed a high-fat diet 螺旋藻液体提取物在高脂饮食喂养的年轻雄性Wistar大鼠运动训练中调节比目鱼肌糖脂代谢相关基因表达

IF 3.1 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Nutrition Research

Pub Date : 2025-09-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2025.09.006

Jordi Vignaud , Céline Loiseau , Martine Côme , Josiane Hérault , Claire Mayer , Olivier Lépine , Lionel Ulmann

Metabolic disorders induced by high-fat diets (HFD) contribute to obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. While Spirulina liquid extract (SLE) has shown promise in improving lipid accumulation and insulin resistance, in vivo evidence remains limited, particularly in combination with exercise. Muscle activity is a key regulator of metabolism, but the potential combined effect of SLE and physical training under HFD conditions has not been established. In this study, young male rats were fed an HFD (60% energy from lipids) and assigned to four groups: HFD with 10% fructose (HF_f), HF_f with SLE (HF_fSP), HF_f with exercise (HF_fT), and HF_f with both interventions (HF_fSPT). Bodyweight, lipid profiles, glycemia regulation, and gene expression in soleus muscle (SOL) of lipid and glucose metabolism were assessed. SLE reduced fasting glycemia compared to the HF_f group (1.19-fold) and upregulated Gys1 (1.78-fold) and CPT1A expression (4.13-fold) in SOL. Training improved glucose tolerance, as reflected by reduced area under the curve (P = .01), and upregulated PGC1⍺ and CPT1A expression. The combined intervention (HF_fSPT) decreased bodyweight, increased high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (1.62-fold), reduced the atherogenic index of plasma (1.39-fold). During training conditions, PGC1⍺ expression was downregulated by SLE (3.03-fold), suggesting a possible interference with exercise-induced muscle adaptation. p38 MAPK, elevated by HFD, was downregulated by SLE, exercise, and their combination (3.20-, 5.14-, and 2.72-fold, respectively). Overall, these findings support the potential of SLE as a complementary strategy to exercise in attenuating HFD-induced metabolic dysfunctions, while also raising concerns about possible interference with training adaptations.

高脂肪饮食（HFD）引起的代谢紊乱会导致肥胖、糖尿病和心血管疾病。虽然螺旋藻液体提取物（SLE）已显示出改善脂质积累和胰岛素抵抗的希望，但体内证据仍然有限，特别是与运动相结合。肌肉活动是代谢的关键调节因子，但在HFD条件下SLE和体能训练的潜在联合效应尚未确定。在这项研究中，年轻雄性大鼠被喂食HFD（60%的能量来自脂质），并被分为四组：HFD加10%果糖（HFf）、HFf加SLE （HFfSP）、HFf加运动（HFfT）和HFf加两种干预（HFfSPT）。评估体重、脂质谱、血糖调节和比目鱼肌（SOL）中脂质和葡萄糖代谢的基因表达。与HFf组相比，SLE降低了空腹血糖（1.19倍），上调了SOL中的Gys1（1.78倍）和CPT1A表达（4.13倍）。训练改善了葡萄糖耐量，曲线下面积减少（P = 0.01），并上调了PGC1和CPT1A表达。联合干预（HFfSPT）降低体重，增加高密度脂蛋白-胆固醇（1.62倍），降低血浆动脉粥样硬化指数（1.39倍）。在训练条件下，PGC1的表达被SLE下调（3.03倍），提示可能干扰运动诱导的肌肉适应。HFD升高的p38 MAPK被SLE、运动及其联合下调（分别为3.20倍、5.14倍和2.72倍）。总的来说，这些发现支持SLE作为运动的补充策略，在减轻hfd诱导的代谢功能障碍方面的潜力，同时也引起了对可能干扰训练适应的担忧。

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引用次数: 0