Nutrition Research最新文献_第3页

Almond consumption for 8 weeks differentially modulates metabolomic responses to an acute glucose challenge compared to crackers in young adults

IF 3.4 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Nutrition Research

Pub Date : 2025-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2025.01.003

Jaapna Dhillon , Saurabh Pandey , John W. Newman , Oliver Fiehn , Rudy M. Ortiz

This study investigated the dynamic responses to an acute glucose challenge after 8 weeks of almond or cracker consumption (clinicaltrials.gov ID: NCT03084003). Young adults (n = 73, age: 18-19 years, BMI: 18-41 kg/m²) participated in an 8-week randomized, controlled, parallel-arm intervention and were assigned to consume either almonds (2 oz/d, n = 38) or an isocaloric control snack of graham crackers (325 kcal/d, n = 35) daily. Twenty participants from each group underwent a 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (oGTT) at the end of the intervention. Metabolite abundances in the oGTT serum samples were quantified using untargeted metabolomics, and targeted analyses for free PUFAs, total fatty acids, oxylipins, and endocannabinoids. We hypothesized that 8-week almond consumption would differentially modulate the metabolomic response to a glucose challenge compared to crackers. Multivariate, univariate, and chemical enrichment analyses were conducted to identify significant metabolic shifts. Findings exhibit a biphasic lipid response with higher levels of unsaturated triglycerides earlier in the oGTT followed by lower levels later in the almond vs cracker group (p-value <.05, chemical enrichment analyses). Almond (vs cracker) consumption was also associated with higher AUC_{120 min} of aminomalonate, and oxylipins (P-value <.05), but lower AUC_{120 min} of l-cystine, N-acetylmannosamine, and isoheptadecanoic acid (P-value <.05). Additionally, the Matsuda Index in the almond group correlated with AUC_{120 min} of CE 22:6 (r = -0.46; P-value <.05) and 12,13 DiHOME (r = 0.45; P-value <.05). Almond consumption for 8 weeks leads to dynamic, differential shifts in response to an acute glucose challenge, marked by alterations in lipid and amino acid mediators involved in metabolic and physiological pathways.

本研究调查了食用杏仁或饼干 8 周后对急性葡萄糖挑战的动态反应（clinicaltrials.gov ID：NCT03084003）。年轻成年人（n = 73，年龄：18-19 岁，体重指数：18-41 kg/m2）参加了一项为期 8 周的随机对照平行臂干预，并被分配每天食用杏仁（2 盎司/天，n = 38）或等热量对照零食谷物饼干（325 千卡/天，n = 35）。在干预结束时，每组各有 20 名参与者接受 2 小时口服葡萄糖耐量试验 (oGTT)。我们使用非靶向代谢组学对 oGTT 血清样本中的代谢物丰度进行了量化，并对游离 PUFA、总脂肪酸、氧脂蛋白和内源性大麻素进行了靶向分析。我们假设，与饼干相比，食用 8 周杏仁会对葡萄糖挑战的代谢组学反应产生不同的调节作用。我们进行了多变量、单变量和化学富集分析，以确定显著的代谢变化。研究结果表明，杏仁组与饼干组的脂质反应呈双相，不饱和甘油三酯水平在 oGTT 早期较高，而在后期较低（p 值为 0.05，化学富集分析）。食用杏仁（与饼干相比）还与较高的氨基丙二酸和氧脂蛋白 AUC120 分钟有关（P 值为 0.05），但与较低的 l-胱氨酸、N-乙酰甘露糖胺和异十七酸 AUC120 分钟有关（P 值为 0.05）。此外，杏仁组的松田指数与 CE 22:6 的 AUC120 分钟相关（r = -0.46；P 值为 0.05），与 12,13 DiHOME 的 AUC120 分钟相关（r = 0.45；P 值为 0.05）。连续 8 周食用杏仁会导致对急性葡萄糖挑战的反应发生动态的、不同的变化，其特点是参与代谢和生理途径的脂质和氨基酸介质发生了改变。

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引用次数: 0

Omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids: Inverse association with body fat percentage and obesity risk

IF 3.4 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Nutrition Research

Pub Date : 2025-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2025.01.001

Zhen Yang , Yuejiao Lan , Kunpeng Yang , Junzi Zhang , Lin Chen , Tianli Meng , Mingda Wu , Xiaodan Lu

To investigate the association between the omega-6 and omega-3 intakes and body fat percentage (BF%), and the risk of obesity, we conducted a cross-sectional analysis of data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). We hypothesized that increasing omega-3 or omega-6 intakes could reduce BF% and, consequently, the risk of obesity. Therefore, we utilized data from NHANES collected between 2011 and 2018, focusing on adults aged 20 to 59 years. Omega-3 and omega-6 intakes were categorized into tertiles, and weighted multivariate linear regression models were used to assess their association with BF%. The dose-response relationship was further analyzed using a restricted cubic spline (RCS) function. A total of 6372 adults were included in the study. Both omega-6 and omega-3 intakes were significantly lower in the obese group compared to the non-obese group (P < .05). Multivariable adjusted models demonstrated a significantly lower BF% among participants in the highest tertile of the omega-3 (β = −0.90, 95% CI: −1.25, −0.55, P < .001) and omega-6 group (β = −0.82, 95% CI :−1.17, −0.47, P < .001). An inverse correlation between the omega-3 and omega-6 intakes and BF% was observed (P < .05), consistent across both genders. Restricted cubic splines (RCS) analysis revealed a linear relationship between the omega-3 and omega-6 intakes and BF%, consistent across gender subgroups (P for nonlinear > .05). These findings suggest that higher omega-3 and omega-6 intakes may contribute to reduced obesity risk by lowering BF%. Further longitudinal studies are warranted to validate these results.

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引用次数: 0

Whole grain intake among young children ages 12 to 48 months participating in the Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study was higher in 2016 compared to 2008

IF 3.4 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Nutrition Research

Pub Date : 2025-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2024.12.007

Melissa C. Kay , Andrea Anater , Joanne Guthrie , Joel Hampton , Mary Story

Consumption of whole grains confers multiple benefits and is an important source of fiber; as such, federal programs have updated policies to support increased whole grain consumption. Limited literature is available on consumption among young children and before and after nutrition policy changes. We assessed whole grain and fiber consumption among children aged 12 to 47.9 months participating in the Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study 2008 (n = 2385) and 2016 (n = 1733) to address this information gap. The percent consuming whole grains was determined using predicted marginals and compared between years using t-tests from weighted logistic regression. For children consuming whole grains, the Usual Intake method was used to estimate mean grams of whole grains and fiber intake from whole grains. Models were adjusted for child age, sex, race and ethnicity, and total energy intake, and household poverty level, caregiver education, marital status, ever breastfed, and Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children status. A higher percentage of children consumed whole grain foods in 2016 compared to 2008 (74.4%, standard error [SE] 0.02 vs. 65.2%, SE 0.02; P = .0001) and they ate a greater amount of whole grains (23.4 g, SE 0.32 vs. 19.1 g, SE 0.23, P < .0001). Children in 2016 consumed 30.8% more fiber from whole grains compared to children from 2008 (P < .0001). Grams of whole grains consumed from sweet bakery items and cereal/nutrition bars (P = .0003) and baby food cereal (P = .0123) were significantly higher in 2016 compared to 2008. Whole grain consumption among young children aged 12 to 47.9 months was higher in 2016 compared to 2008, providing more dietary fiber. Despite promising changes between 2008 and 2016, many young children in 2016 were still falling short of meeting whole grain recommendations.

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引用次数: 0

Peripheral blood ABCG1 gene DNA methylation: mediating the relationship between dietary intake of methyl donor nutrients and stroke risk 外周血 ABCG1 基因 DNA 甲基化：介导膳食中甲基供体营养素摄入量与中风风险之间的关系。

IF 3.4 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Nutrition Research

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2024.10.004

Li Chen , Qianru Liu , Juan Li , Yuhong Zhang , Chan Yang , Yi Zhao

Dysregulation of methyl donor nutrients interferes with DNA methylation and is associated with neurological diseases. ABCG1 gene regulates cholesterol to HDL-C, maintains lipid homeostasis, and has been linked to both methyl nutrition and neurological risks. The aim was to investigate whether there is an effect of ABCG1 DNA methylation on the relationship between intake of methyl donor nutrients and the risk of stroke occurrence. We hypothesize that the intake of methyl donor nutrients may influence stroke occurrence by modulating the methylation status of ABCG1. This study utilized a case-control design and selected 52 stroke patients along with 52 healthy controls from Northwest China. Dietary information was collected using a FFQ, and methylation levels were measured at 29 CpG sites of the ABCG1 gene. A significant linear trend was found between dietary intake of the methyl donor nutrient choline and CpG_19.20 methylation of the ABCG1 gene (β = -0.037, P = 0.033). Additionally, a significant association was observed between CpG_19.20 methylation and the risk of stroke (OR 2.325, 95% CI 1.210-4.466). Mediation analysis revealed that choline intake indirectly influenced stroke occurrence through its effect on CpG_19.20 methylation levels in the ABCG1 gene (β = -0.015, SE = 0.013, 95% CI = [-0.053, -0.001]). We found that DNA methylation at specific CpG sites of the peripheral blood ABCG1 gene mediates the association between dietary methyl donor nutrient intake and stroke risk in an adult population from Northwest China. New insights are provided on the prevention and treatment of stroke.

甲基供体营养失调会干扰 DNA 甲基化，并与神经系统疾病相关。ABCG1 基因调节胆固醇转化为高密度脂蛋白胆固醇，维持血脂平衡，并与甲基营养和神经系统风险有关。我们的目的是研究 ABCG1 DNA 甲基化是否会影响甲基供体营养素的摄入量与中风发生风险之间的关系。我们假设甲基供体营养素的摄入量可能会通过调节 ABCG1 的甲基化状态来影响中风的发生。本研究采用病例对照设计，从中国西北地区选取了 52 名脑卒中患者和 52 名健康对照者。通过 FFQ 收集了饮食信息，并测量了 ABCG1 基因 29 个 CpG 位点的甲基化水平。结果发现，甲基供体营养素胆碱的膳食摄入量与 ABCG1 基因 CpG_19.20 的甲基化之间存在明显的线性趋势（β = -0.037，P = 0.033）。此外，还观察到 CpG_19.20 甲基化与中风风险之间存在明显关联（OR 2.325，95% CI 1.210-4.466）。中介分析显示，胆碱摄入量通过影响 ABCG1 基因的 CpG_19.20 甲基化水平间接影响了中风的发生（β = -0.015，SE = 0.013，95% CI = [-0.053，-0.001]）。我们发现，外周血 ABCG1 基因特定 CpG 位点的 DNA 甲基化介导了中国西北地区成年人群膳食甲基供体营养素摄入量与中风风险之间的关系。这为中风的预防和治疗提供了新的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Vitamin D, immune function, and atherosclerosis. Where are we now? 维生素 D、免疫功能和动脉粥样硬化。我们现在在哪里？

IF 3.4 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Nutrition Research

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2024.07.007

Ailyn Rivero, Kent R. Wehmeier, Michael J. Haas, Arshag D. Mooradian

The role of vitamin D in regulating calcium metabolism and skeletal growth and disease is widely recognized. Indeed, current recommendations for serum vitamin D concentrations are based on these parameters. A serum vitamin D <20 ng/mL is considered deficient, concentrations between 20 and 30 ng/mL are insufficient, and >30 ng/mL is adequate. However, over the past number of years, epidemiological studies, randomized clinical trials, and preclinical animal and cell culture–based research have demonstrated that vitamin D modulates immune function. Cardiovascular disease (CVD), the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States and in industrialized nations, is mediated in part by chronic inflammation as well as by other well-established risk factors including dyslipidemia, hypertension, obesity, and diabetes. Vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/mL or <50 nM) is associated with increased CVD risk. As described in this review, several recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses provide some evidence that vitamin D administration to individuals with vitamin D deficiency may have little effect on CVD-related mortality. Many well-designed randomized clinical trials in the general population as well as in people at risk for CVD-related complication later in life provide evidence that treatment may be beneficial. These latter studies as well as the paucity of information regarding the optimal vitamin D concentration required for optimizing immune function in patients indicate that more research is needed to address whether vitamin D supplements may be a cost-effective intervention for preventing CVD.

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引用次数: 0

The potential cardioprotective bioactive compounds in fermented alcoholic beverages: Mechanisms, challenges, and opportunities in beer and wine 发酵酒精饮料中潜在的保护心脏的生物活性化合物：啤酒和葡萄酒的机制、挑战和机遇。

IF 3.4 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Nutrition Research

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2024.10.002

Sakshi Hans , Ioannis Zabetakis , Ronan Lordan

Excessive alcohol consumption is detrimental to human health, and it is implicated in the development of heart disease, stroke, and cancer. However, the last few decades have given rise to epidemiological evidence suggesting that low-to-moderate consumption of red wine and beer may reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Studies have shown that moderate consumption of wine and beer protects against ischemic stroke, increases HDL plasma concentrations, and reduces platelet aggregation and insulin resistance. This cardioprotective effect has previously been attributed to phytochemicals in these beverages. This narrative review explores these potential cardioprotective phytochemicals and the underlying mechanisms responsible. Data from trials investigating the effect of alcoholic beverage consumption and in vitro analyses of the bioactive phytochemical compounds are reviewed. The potential of dealcoholized beverages is also explored. The literature shows that the cardioprotective effects observed with moderate alcohol consumption are mainly owing to the presence of anti-inflammatory polyphenolic and bioactive substances including lipophilic molecules present in low but biologically significant quantities. These phytochemicals are obtained from the raw materials and generated during the brewing processes. Studies indicate that dealcoholized variants of beer and wine also possess beneficial health effects, indicating that these effects are not alcohol dependent. There is also growing interest in dealcoholized beverages that are fortified or enhanced with cardioprotective properties. The development of such beverages is an important avenue of future research so that there are options for consumers who wish to enjoy wine and beer safely.

过量饮酒对人体健康有害，它与心脏病、中风和癌症的发展有关。然而，最近几十年的流行病学证据表明，低至中度饮用红酒和啤酒可能会降低患心血管疾病的风险。研究表明，适量饮用葡萄酒和啤酒可以预防缺血性中风，增加高密度脂蛋白血浆浓度，减少血小板聚集和胰岛素抵抗。这种保护心脏的作用以前被归因于这些饮料中的植物化学物质。这篇综述探讨了这些潜在的保护心脏的植物化学物质及其潜在的机制。从研究酒精饮料消费影响的试验数据和生物活性植物化学化合物的体外分析进行了综述。还探讨了脱醇饮料的潜力。文献表明，适度饮酒所观察到的心脏保护作用主要是由于抗炎多酚和生物活性物质的存在，包括亲脂分子，其含量虽低，但生物学意义重大。这些植物化学物质是从原料中获得的，并在酿造过程中产生。研究表明，啤酒和葡萄酒的脱醇变体也具有有益的健康影响，表明这些影响不依赖于酒精。人们对强化或增强心脏保护特性的脱醇饮料也越来越感兴趣。这种饮料的开发是未来研究的一个重要途径，以便为希望安全享用葡萄酒和啤酒的消费者提供选择。

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引用次数: 0

Palm and interesterified palm oil-enhanced brown fat whitening contributes to metabolic dysfunction in C57BL/6J mice 棕榈和酯化棕榈油增强棕色脂肪增白有助于C57BL/6J小鼠代谢功能障碍。

IF 3.4 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Nutrition Research

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2024.11.009

Thamara Cherem Peixoto , Fernanda Torres Quitete , Ananda Vitoria Silva Teixeira , Bruna Cadete Martins , Ricardo de Andrade Soares , Geórgia Correa Atella , Iala Milene Bertasso , Patrícia Cristina Lisboa , Angela Castro Resende , Daniela de Barros Mucci , Vanessa Souza-Mello , Fabiane Ferreira Martins , Julio Beltrame Daleprane

Palm oil is widely used in the food industry owing to its high stability and versatility. The interesterified version has been used as an alternative to oils rich in trans fatty acids. However, the health effects of these vegetable oils are not yet fully understood. We hypothesized that the consumption of palm oil (noninteresterified and interesterified), even without excessive amounts of energy and lipids in the diet, could lead to morphofunctional changes in brown adipose tissue (BAT). To this end, male C57BL/6J mice were divided into 3 dietary groups (n = 10 each): soybean oil (SO), palm oil (PO), and interesterified palm oil (IPO) for 10 weeks. The PO and IPO groups had significant increases in the visceral fat mass and interscapular BAT (iBAT) lipid content. In iBAT, the PO and IPO groups showed lower mRNA expression of Ucp1, Adrb3, and Pgc1a, while the PO also showed lower mRNA levels of Ppara and Ampk, and the IPO showed lower Prdm16 expression. Moreover, PO had higher Il6 expression and lower catalase activity, while the IPO showed an upregulated Tnfa expression and lower catalase activity, but higher antioxidant activity of the glutathione peroxidase (GPx) enzyme. The consumption of PO and IPO had negative effects on weight and body fat, including the impairment of iBAT function. Our findings give rise to apprehensions regarding the safety and consequences of consuming PO and IPO for energy metabolism.

棕榈油因其高稳定性和多功能性而广泛应用于食品工业。其酯化版本已被用作富含反式脂肪酸的油的替代品。然而，这些植物油对健康的影响尚不完全清楚。我们假设，即使饮食中没有过量的能量和脂质，食用棕榈油（非酯化和酯化）也可能导致棕色脂肪组织（BAT）的形态功能改变。为此，将雄性C57BL/6J小鼠分为大豆油（SO）、棕榈油（PO）和互化棕榈油（IPO） 3组，每组n = 10，饲喂10周。PO和IPO组内脏脂肪量和肩胛间BAT （iBAT）脂质含量显著增加。在iBAT中，PO组和IPO组Ucp1、Adrb3和Pgc1a mRNA表达水平较低，PO组Ppara和Ampk mRNA表达水平较低，IPO组Prdm16表达水平较低。此外，PO具有较高的Il6表达和较低的过氧化氢酶活性，而IPO具有较高的Tnfa表达和较低的过氧化氢酶活性，但具有较高的抗氧化活性谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GPx）酶。PO和IPO的消耗对体重和体脂有负面影响，包括iBAT功能的损害。我们的研究结果引起了人们对摄入PO和IPO对能量代谢的安全性和后果的担忧。

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引用次数: 0

Phenotype variability in diet-induced obesity and response to (−)-epigallocatechin gallate supplementation in a Diversity Outbred mouse cohort: A model for exploring gene x diet interactions for dietary bioactives 多样性远交种小鼠群中饮食诱导肥胖的表型变异和对(-)-表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯补充的反应：探索基因与饮食相互作用对饮食生物活性的模型。

IF 3.4 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Nutrition Research

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2024.11.008

Michael G. Sweet , Lisard Iglesias-Carres , Peter N. Ellsworth , Jared D. Carter , Dahlia M. Nielsen , David L. Aylor , Jeffery S. Tessem , Andrew P. Neilson

The flavan-3-ol (−)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) blunts obesity in inbred mice, but human clinical trials have yielded mixed results. Genetic homogeneity in preclinical models may explain translational disconnect between rodents and humans. The Diversity Outbred (DO) mouse model provides genotype and phenotype variability for characterization of gene x environment (i.e., diet) interactions. We conducted a longitudinal phenotyping study in DO mice. Mice (n = 50) were fed a high-fat diet for 8 weeks and then a high-fat diet + 0.3% EGCG for 8 weeks. We hypothesized that obesity and any protective effects of EGCG would exhibit extreme variability in these genetically heterogeneous mice. As anticipated, DO mice exhibited extreme variation in body composition at baseline (4%-13.9% fat), after 8 weeks of high-fat diet (6.5%-38.1% fat), and after 8 weeks of high-fat diet + EGCG (7.6%-42.6% fat), greater than what is observed in inbred mice. All 50 mice gained body fat on the high-fat diet (changes from baseline of +5% ± 640%). Intriguingly, adiposity variability increased when EGCG was added to the diet (changes from the high-fat diet alone of −52% ± 390%), with 11/50 mice losing body fat. We postulate that the explanation for this variability is genetic heterogeneity. Our data confirm the promise for EGCG to manage obesity but suggest that genetic factors may exert significant control over the efficacy of EGCG. Larger studies in DO mice are needed for quantitative trait loci mapping to identify genetic loci governing EGCG x obesity interactions and translate these findings to precision nutrition in humans.

黄烷-3-醇(-)-表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯（EGCG）可以减轻近亲繁殖小鼠的肥胖，但人类临床试验的结果喜忧参半。临床前模型中的基因同质性可以解释啮齿动物和人类之间的翻译脱节。多样性远交种（DO）小鼠模型为基因与环境（即饮食）相互作用的表征提供了基因型和表型变异。我们对DO小鼠进行了纵向表型研究。50只小鼠先饲喂高脂饲粮8周，再饲喂高脂饲粮+ 0.3% EGCG 8周。我们假设肥胖和EGCG的任何保护作用将在这些遗传异质性小鼠中表现出极端的变异性。正如预期的那样，DO小鼠在基线（4%-13.9%脂肪）、高脂肪饮食8周（6.5%-38.1%脂肪）和高脂肪饮食+ EGCG（7.6%-42.6%脂肪）8周后的身体组成表现出极大的变化，比在近亲繁殖小鼠中观察到的更大。所有50只小鼠在高脂肪饮食中增加了体脂（与基线相比变化为+5%±640%）。有趣的是，当饮食中添加EGCG时，肥胖变异性增加（仅高脂肪饮食的变化为-52%±390%），11/50的小鼠体脂减少。我们假设对这种变异的解释是遗传异质性。我们的数据证实了EGCG控制肥胖的前景，但表明遗传因素可能对EGCG的功效起着重要的控制作用。需要在DO小鼠中进行更大规模的研究，以确定控制EGCG与肥胖相互作用的遗传位点，并将这些发现转化为人类的精确营养。

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引用次数: 0

A low-dose prebiotic fiber supplement reduces lipopolysaccharide-binding protein concentrations in a subgroup of young, healthy adults consuming low-fiber diets 低剂量益生元纤维补充剂可降低低纤维饮食的年轻健康成人亚组中的脂多糖结合蛋白浓度。

IF 3.4 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Nutrition Research

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2024.11.013

Eduardo Z. Romo, Brian V. Hong, Joanne K. Agus, Yanshan Jin, Jea Woo Kang, Angela M. Zivkovic

Although the beneficial effects of fiber supplementation on overall health and the gut microbiome are well-known, it is not clear whether fiber supplementation can also alter the concentrations of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP), a marker of intestinal permeability. A secondary analysis of a previously conducted study was performed. In the randomized-order, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, cross-over study 20 healthy, young participants consuming a low-fiber diet at baseline were administered a daily dose of 12 g of prebiotic fiber compared with a placebo over a period of 4 weeks with a 4-week washout between arms. In this secondary analysis, we hypothesized that the fiber supplement would reduce LBP concentration. We further hypothesized that lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase activity, a measure of high-density lipoprotein functional capacity, would be altered. Fiber supplementation did not significantly alter LBP concentration or lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase activity in the overall cohort. However, in a subgroup of individuals with elevated baseline LBP concentrations, fiber supplementation significantly reduced LBP from 9.27 ± 3.52 to 7.02 ± 2.32 µg/mL (P = .003). Exploratory analyses found positive correlations between microbial genes involved in lipopolysaccharide synthesis and conversely negative correlations with genes involved in antibiotic synthesis and LBP. Positive correlations between LBP and multiple sulfated molecules including sulfated bile acids and perfluorooctanesulfonate, and ibuprofen metabolites were also found. These findings highlight multiple environmental and lifestyle factors such as exposure to industrial chemicals and medication intake, in addition to diet, which may influence the association between the gut microbiome and gut barrier function.

虽然补充纤维对整体健康和肠道微生物群的有益作用是众所周知的，但纤维补充是否也能改变脂多糖结合蛋白（LBP）的浓度尚不清楚，LBP是肠道通透性的标志。对先前进行的研究进行了二次分析。在随机顺序、安慰剂对照、双盲、交叉研究中，20名健康的年轻参与者在基线时摄入低纤维饮食，每天服用12克益生元纤维，与安慰剂相比，为期4周，两组之间有4周的洗脱期。在这个二次分析中，我们假设纤维补充剂会降低LBP浓度。我们进一步假设卵磷脂胆固醇酰基转移酶活性，高密度脂蛋白功能能力的量度，将被改变。在整个队列中，纤维补充没有显著改变LBP浓度或卵磷脂胆固醇酰基转移酶活性。然而，在基线LBP浓度升高的个体亚组中，纤维补充显著降低LBP，从9.27±3.52µg/mL降至7.02±2.32µg/mL （P = 0.003）。探索性分析发现，参与脂多糖合成的微生物基因与参与抗生素合成和LBP的基因呈负相关。LBP与包括硫酸胆汁酸和全氟辛烷磺酸在内的多种硫酸分子以及布洛芬代谢物之间也存在正相关。这些发现强调了多种环境和生活方式因素，如接触工业化学品和药物摄入，以及饮食，这些因素可能影响肠道微生物群和肠道屏障功能之间的联系。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluating reliability, quality, and readability of ChatGPT's nutritional recommendations for women with polycystic ovary syndrome 评估 ChatGPT 为多囊卵巢综合征妇女提供的营养建议的可靠性、质量和可读性。

IF 3.4 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Nutrition Research

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2024.11.005

Elif Ulug , Irmak Gunesli , Aylin Acıkgoz Pinar , Bulent Okan Yildiz

Patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) often have many questions about nutrition and turn to chatbots such as Chat Generative Pretrained Transformer (ChatGPT) for advice. This study aims to evaluate the reliability, quality, and readability of ChatGPT's responses to nutrition-related questions asked by women with PCOS. Frequently asked nutrition-related questions from women with PCOS were reviewed in both Turkish and English. The reliability and quality of the answers were independently evaluated by 2 authors and a panel of 10 expert dietitians, using modified DISCERN and global quality score. Additionally, the readability of the answers was calculated using frequently used readability formulas. The mean modified DISCERN scores for English and Turkish versions were 27.6±0.87 and 27.2±0.87, respectively, indicating a fair level of reliability in the responses (16–31 points or 40%–79%). According to the global quality score, 100% of the responses in English and 90.9% of the responses in Turkish were rated as high quality. The readability of responses was classified as “difficult to read” with the readership levels assessed at college level and above for both English and Turkish. The correlation and regression analyses indicated no relationship between reliability, quality, and readability in English. However, a significant relationship was observed between quality and readability indexes in Turkish (P < .05). Our results suggest that ChatGPT's responses to nutrition-related questions about PCOS are generally of high quality, but improvements in both reliability and readability are still necessary. Although ChatGPT can offer general information and guidance on nutrition for PCOS, it should not be considered a substitute for personalized medical advice from health care professionals for effective management of the syndrome.

多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）患者经常有很多关于营养的问题，并转向聊天机器人，如聊天生成预训练变压器（ChatGPT）寻求建议。本研究旨在评估ChatGPT对多囊卵巢综合征女性营养相关问题的回答的可靠性、质量和可读性。用土耳其语和英语对多囊卵巢综合征妇女常见的营养相关问题进行了审查。答案的可靠性和质量由2位作者和10位专家营养师组成的小组独立评估，使用改良的DISCERN和全球质量评分。此外，使用常用的可读性公式计算答案的可读性。英语和土耳其语版本的平均修正辨别分数分别为27.6±0.87和27.2±0.87，表明回答的可靠性水平相当（16-31分或40%-79%）。根据全球质量评分，100%的英语回答和90.9%的土耳其语回答被评为高质量。回答的可读性被归类为“难以阅读”，英语和土耳其语的读者水平被评估为大学及以上水平。相关分析和回归分析显示信度、质量和英文可读性之间没有关系。然而，土耳其语的质量和可读性指标之间存在显著相关性（P < 0.05）。我们的研究结果表明，ChatGPT对PCOS营养相关问题的回答总体上是高质量的，但可靠性和可读性仍然需要改进。虽然ChatGPT可以为多囊卵巢综合征患者提供营养方面的一般信息和指导，但它不应被视为医疗保健专业人员为有效治疗多囊卵巢综合征而提供的个性化医疗建议的替代品。

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