Nutrition Research最新文献_第3页

Evening chronotype, irregular circadian eating patterns, and eating-related behaviors may be associated with increased obesity risk among Turkish university students: A large-scale cross-sectional study 土耳其大学生的夜间睡眠类型、不规则的昼夜节律饮食模式和饮食相关行为可能与肥胖风险增加有关：一项大规模横断面研究。

IF 3.1 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Nutrition Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2025.11.002

Hatice Ozcaliskan Ilkay

This study investigated the interplay between chronotype, chrononutritional indices, diet quality, eating behaviors, circadian rhythm variables, and obesity indicators in university students. Specifically, in this cross-sectional study, 618 healthy students from Erciyes University completed validated questionnaires assessing chronotype (Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire, MEQ), Mediterranean diet adherence (Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener, MEDAS), hedonic hunger (Power of Food Scale, PFS), eating awareness (Mindful Eating Inventory, MEI), and chrononutritional variables. Furthermore, associations were evaluated using ANCOVA, partial correlations, and multiple regression analyses. Results indicated that morning types demonstrated higher MEDAS and MEI scores, more frequent breakfast consumption, lower eating and social jetlag than evening types; while evening types had a shorter eating window than intermediate types (all P < .05). Moreover, greater eating jetlag was associated with longer eating windows, more frequent breakfast consumption, higher social jetlag, and shorter sleep (all P < .001). In addition, multivariable models showed that MEI scores were inversely associated with waist circumference (β = −0.104, P < .001), waist-to-hip ratio (β = −0.074, P = .013), and body mass index (β = −0.156, P < .001). Conversely, PFS scores were positively correlated with anthropometric indicators of obesity, while MEI scores were inversely associated with these measures (all P < .05). Taken together, evening chronotype, irregular meal timing, and predominantly lower eating awareness were independently linked to poorer dietary patterns, adverse eating behaviors, and increased obesity risk in young adults. Thus, promoting morning-oriented eating, regular meals, and mindful eating may improve metabolic health in this population.

本研究旨在探讨大学生的睡眠类型、时间营养指标、饮食质量、饮食行为、昼夜节律变量和肥胖指标之间的相互作用。具体来说，在这项横断面研究中，来自埃尔西耶斯大学的618名健康学生完成了有效的问卷调查，评估了时间类型（早-晚性问卷，MEQ）、地中海饮食依从性（地中海饮食依从性筛查，MEDAS）、享乐饥饿（食物力量量表，PFS）、饮食意识（正念饮食量表，MEI）和时间营养变量。此外，使用ANCOVA、偏相关和多元回归分析评估相关性。结果表明，与晚睡型的人相比，早起型的人的MEDAS和MEI得分更高，早餐消费更频繁，饮食和社交时差更低；而夜间型的进食时间较中间型短（P < 0.05）。此外，更大的进食时差与更长的进食时间、更频繁的早餐消费、更高的社交时差和更短的睡眠（均P < 0.001）有关。此外，多变量模型显示，MEI评分与腰围（β = -0.104, P < .001）、腰臀比（β = -0.074, P = .013）和体重指数（β = -0.156, P < .001）呈负相关。相反，PFS评分与肥胖的人体测量指标正相关，而MEI评分与这些指标负相关（均P < 0.05）。综上所述，夜间睡眠类型、不规律的用餐时间和较低的饮食意识与年轻人较差的饮食模式、不良的饮食行为和肥胖风险增加有独立的联系。因此，提倡以早晨为导向的饮食、规律的饮食和有意识的饮食可能会改善这一人群的代谢健康。

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引用次数: 0

David Kritchevsky Graduate Student Award for Nutrition Research 大卫·克里切夫斯基营养研究研究生奖

IF 3.1 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Nutrition Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0271-5317(25)00150-2

引用次数: 0

Comparison between the consumption of red meat with and without visible fat: Associations with prospective changes in cardiometabolic risk factors in adults 40 years of age and older 食用含和不含可见脂肪的红肉的比较：与40岁及以上成年人心脏代谢危险因素的预期变化的关系

IF 3.1 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Nutrition Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2025.11.001

Arthur E. Mesas , Bruno Bizzozero-Peroni , Vicente Martinez-Vizcaino , Marcos A.S. Cabrera , Mariana R. Urbano , Airton C. Martins , Michael Aschner , Monica M.B. Paoliello

While previous studies have suggested associations between frequent red meat (RM) consumption with visible fat and cardiovascular disease, prospective evidence examining relationships with specific cardiometabolic risk factors remains limited. The objective of this population-based cohort study was to analyze the associations between RM consumption, including selecting lean cuts or removing visible fat, and changes in cardiometabolic risk factors in adults. The study included 1180 Brazilian adults 40 years of age and older, evaluated between 2011 and 2015. Linear regression models were adjusted by the main confounders to estimate the associations between daily RM and RM fat consumption with changes in body mass index, waist circumference (WC), blood pressure, and lipid profile. Of the initial participants, 884 (74.9%) were followed up, of whom 25.0% consumed RM daily and 36.5% regularly ate RM fat. Daily vs nondaily RM consumption showed no associations with changes in cardiometabolic risk factors. However, compared to participants who removed visible fat, those consuming RM fat showed significantly greater WC increases (β = 1.29 cm; 95% confidence interval: 0.34, 2.34) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol decreases (β = −1.85 mg/dL; 95% confidence interval: −3.51, −0.19). Although the results were adjusted for baseline values, body mass index, sociodemographic and lifestyle factors, data on diet quality and energy intake were unavailable and could not be included. Daily RM consumption was not associated with adverse cardiometabolic changes. However, visible RM fat consumption was associated with modest but statistically significant increases in WC and decreases in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in adults ≥40 years of age who consume RM regularly.

虽然之前的研究表明，经常食用红肉与可见脂肪和心血管疾病之间存在关联，但研究红肉与特定心脏代谢风险因素之间关系的前瞻性证据仍然有限。这项以人群为基础的队列研究的目的是分析成人RM消费（包括选择瘦肉或去除可见脂肪）与心脏代谢危险因素变化之间的关系。该研究包括1180名40岁及以上的巴西成年人，在2011年至2015年期间进行评估。通过主要混杂因素调整线性回归模型，估计每日RM和RM脂肪消耗与体重指数、腰围（WC）、血压和血脂变化之间的关系。在最初的参与者中，884人（74.9%）接受了随访，其中25.0%的人每天食用RM， 36.5%的人经常食用RM脂肪。每日与非每日RM消耗显示与心脏代谢危险因素的变化无关。然而，与去除可见脂肪的参与者相比，摄入RM脂肪的参与者WC明显增加（β = 1.29 cm； 95%可信区间：0.34,2.34），高密度脂蛋白胆固醇降低（β = - 1.85 mg/dL； 95%可信区间：- 3.51,- 0.19）。虽然根据基线值、体重指数、社会人口统计和生活方式因素对结果进行了调整，但饮食质量和能量摄入的数据无法获得，也无法纳入研究。每日摄入RM与不良的心脏代谢变化无关。然而，在≥40岁的定期食用RM的成年人中，可见RM脂肪的摄入与WC的适度增加和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇的降低相关，但具有统计学意义。

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引用次数: 0

Redox state is similar in subjects following omnivorous, vegan, vegetarian, and low-carbohydrate high-fat diet 杂食、纯素、素食和低碳水化合物高脂肪饮食的受试者氧化还原状态相似

IF 3.1 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Nutrition Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2025.10.007

Nives Bogataj Jontez, Karin Šik Novak, Zala Jenko Pražnikar, Ana Petelin, Nina Mohorko, Saša Kenig

Age-related noncommunicable diseases are a major health burden in developed countries, with oxidative stress being a key contributing factor. This cross-sectional study aimed to test the hypothesis that redox status among 88 participants with a particular interest in nutrition and habitually following 4 popular dietary patterns (vegan, vegetarian, low-carbohydrate high-fat, and omnivorous), is similar, but correlates with diet quality. Dietary intake was assessed using food diaries, and venous blood samples were collected to measure serum total antioxidative capacity (TAC), bilirubin, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD⁺)/reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) ratio, and sirtuin 1 concentration, and the expression of antioxidative enzymes in leukocytes. TAC and the NAD⁺/NADH ratio were higher in the vegan group compared with the vegetarian group, whereas bilirubin concentration was higher in the omnivorous compared with the low-carbohydrate high-fat group. Other differences between the dietary groups were not significant. NAD⁺/NADH ratio and sirtuin 1 were positively correlated with diet quality, assessed with the Healthy Eating Index. Correlation analysis between dietary variables and redox markers revealed only a few weak to moderate associations. However, a hierarchical regression model including age, gender, and dietary variables explained 19.8% of the variance in TAC, 21.2% of the variance in the NAD⁺/NADH ratio, and 44.3% of the variance in sirtuin 1 concentration. Therefore, in healthy, relatively young participants with appropriate energy intakes, endogenous mechanisms are able to compensate for oxidative stress to a similar extent, regardless of dietary pattern. Nonetheless, overall diet quality and food selection appear to play a meaningful role in redox balance.

与年龄相关的非传染性疾病是发达国家的主要健康负担，氧化应激是一个关键因素。这项横断面研究旨在验证88名对营养学特别感兴趣并习惯遵循4种流行饮食模式（纯素、素食、低碳水化合物、高脂肪和杂食）的参与者的氧化还原状态相似，但与饮食质量相关的假设。采用食物日记评估膳食摄入量，采集静脉血测定血清总抗氧化能力（TAC）、胆红素、烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NAD +)/还原态烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸（NADH）比值、sirtuin 1浓度以及白细胞中抗氧化酶的表达。与素食组相比，素食组的TAC和NAD + /NADH比值更高，而杂食组的胆红素浓度高于低碳水化合物高脂肪组。饮食组之间的其他差异不显著。通过健康饮食指数评估，NAD+/NADH比值和sirtuin 1与饮食质量呈正相关。饮食变量与氧化还原标志物之间的相关分析显示，只有少数弱至中度的相关性。然而，包括年龄、性别和饮食变量在内的分层回归模型解释了19.8%的TAC方差、21.2%的NAD + /NADH比值方差和44.3%的sirtuin 1浓度方差。因此，在健康的、相对年轻的参与者中，通过适当的能量摄入，内源性机制能够在类似程度上补偿氧化应激，无论饮食模式如何。尽管如此，总体饮食质量和食物选择似乎在氧化还原平衡中起着重要作用。

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引用次数: 0

The Mediterranean diet: historical benefits and contemporary challenges in Southern Italy 地中海饮食：意大利南部的历史利益和当代挑战。

IF 3.1 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Nutrition Research

Pub Date : 2025-11-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2025.11.010

Ludovico Abenavoli , Nazarii Kobyliak , Anna Kukharchuk , Oleksandra Chervona , Yulia Shvets , Giuseppe Guido Maria Scarlata , Domenico Morano , Elina Christian , Nataliia Molochek , Oksana Lynchak , Yurii Hnativ , Tetyana Falalyeyeva

The Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) is an ancient traditional way of eating that is characteristic of the territory of Southern Italy, Greece, and the island of Crete. For more than a decade, studies have been conducted that demonstrate the benefits of this type of diet, namely a reduction in the risk of cardiovascular disease, obesity, and increased life expectancy, etc. This eating pattern is characterized by a wealth of plant foods, olive oil, and moderate consumption of dairy products, fish and red wine. However, in recent decades, there has been a rapid spread of the Western eating pattern, which is characterized by high consumption of processed foods, fast food, sugary drinks, and foods rich in saturated fats and added sugars. Modern nutritional trends are replacing the traditional MedDiet. This global shift in eating habits has led to an alarming increase in obesity rates among both adults and children, particularly in regions that are historically the birthplace of the MedDiet. This narrative review aims to explore and analyze the historical influence of the MedDiet on the formation of eating habits among the inhabitants of Southern Italy. The novelty is that it presents the first investigation researching the correlation between the shift away from the traditional MedDiet and the rising prevalence of childhood obesity in Southern Italy based on current epidemiological data. The selection of sources was carried out in the scientific databases PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science using specific keywords.

地中海饮食（MedDiet）是一种古老的传统饮食方式，是意大利南部、希腊和克里特岛的特色。十多年来，已经进行的研究证明了这种饮食的好处，即减少心血管疾病、肥胖的风险，延长预期寿命等。这种饮食模式的特点是大量食用植物性食物、橄榄油，适量食用乳制品、鱼类和红酒。然而，近几十年来，西方饮食模式迅速蔓延，其特点是大量食用加工食品、快餐、含糖饮料以及富含饱和脂肪和添加糖的食物。现代营养趋势正在取代传统的MedDiet。这种全球饮食习惯的转变导致成人和儿童肥胖率的惊人增长，特别是在历史上是MedDiet诞生地的地区。这篇叙事回顾旨在探索和分析MedDiet对意大利南部居民饮食习惯形成的历史影响。新颖之处在于，它提出了第一个基于当前流行病学数据的调查，研究了传统MedDiet的转变与意大利南部儿童肥胖症患病率上升之间的相关性。在科学数据库PubMed、Scopus和Web of Science中使用特定关键词进行来源选择。

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引用次数: 0

Bitter taste sensitivity is minimally associated with adult food preferences and intake, with a negative association to carbohydrate consumption: A systematic review and meta-analysis 苦味敏感性与成人食物偏好和摄入量的关系最小，与碳水化合物消耗呈负相关：一项系统回顾和荟萃分析。

IF 3.1 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Nutrition Research

Pub Date : 2025-11-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2025.11.008

Alia Shareef , Chris Irwin , Lisa Vincze , Roshan Rigby , Rati Jani

We systematically reviewed and meta-analyzed evidence on whether bitter taste sensitivity relates to adult food preferences and intake. Five databases (EMBASE, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus, PsycInfo) were searched from inception to September 2024; methods followed PRISMA 2020 and were preregistered (PROSPERO CRD42024587607). Eligible studies enrolled adults (≥17 years) without chronic disease and measured bitter sensitivity phenotypically (e.g., PROP/PTC) or genotypically (e.g., TAS2R38). Seventy-two studies met inclusion; 36 contributed to meta-analyses using random-effects models. Across core food groups (vegetables/legumes, fruits, grains, meat/alternatives, dairy/alternatives) and most nutrients, pooled associations were small and nonsignificant. A modest inverse association was observed for carbohydrate intake (18 studies, 53 effects; Cohen’s d_z = −0.14, 95% CI: −0.27 to −0.01; P = .038; I² = 82%); effects were larger in randomized designs and with food records/diaries versus FFQs/24-h recalls and were sensitive to leave-one-out analysis. Overall, bitter sensitivity explains little variation in adult dietary patterns; Associations might be more sensitive to study design and dietary assessment than to phenotype/genotype classification.

我们系统地回顾和荟萃分析了苦味敏感性是否与成人食物偏好和摄入量有关的证据。5个数据库（EMBASE， MEDLINE， CINAHL, Scopus, PsycInfo）从成立到2024年9月检索；方法采用PRISMA 2020并进行预注册（PROSPERO CRD42024587607）。符合条件的研究纳入了无慢性疾病的成年人（≥17岁），并测量了表型（如PROP/PTC）或基因典型（如TAS2R38）的苦味敏感性。72项研究符合纳入标准；36人对使用随机效应模型的元分析做出了贡献。在核心食物组（蔬菜/豆类、水果、谷物、肉类/替代品、乳制品/替代品）和大多数营养素中，综合关联很小且不显著。观察到碳水化合物摄入有适度的负相关（18项研究，53项影响；Cohen’s dz = -0.14, 95% CI: -0.27 ~ -0.01; P = 0.038; I²= 82%）；与FFQs/24小时召回相比，随机设计和食物记录/日记的影响更大，并且对遗漏分析敏感。总的来说，对苦味的敏感性解释了成年人饮食模式的微小变化；相关性可能对研究设计和饮食评估比对表型/基因型分类更敏感。

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引用次数: 0

Vitamin E and cognitive function: A systematic review of clinical evidence 维生素E与认知功能：临床证据的系统回顾。

IF 3.1 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Nutrition Research

Pub Date : 2025-11-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2025.11.009

Arwa M. Amin , Hamza Mostafa

Cognitive impairment is a hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and represents a challenge for patients and the health care system worldwide. Current pharmacological treatments of AD focus on addressing symptom management, with limited options to prevent or slow cognitive decline. Vitamin E is one of the suggested antioxidants that has a protective role against cognitive impairment (CI). We aimed to systematically review the literature and evaluate the evidence on the role of vitamin E in cognitive function. Four databases, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library, were searched for clinical studies published between 2012 and 2022. Study selection and data extraction followed PRISMA guidelines, and eligible studies were classified into 3 classes: vitamin E supplements, dietary vitamin E, and multivitamins containing vitamin E. A total of 43 clinical studies involving 80,488 participants were identified. Of them, one on vitamin E supplement, 18 on dietary vitamin E, and 24 on multivitamins containing vitamin E. Overall, this systematic review suggest that vitamin E, particularly when consumed as a dietary component or multivitamin supplement with other vitamins, herbs, and minerals, is associated with a protective effect against cognitive impairment, probably mediated by the synergistic effect of other components of the dietary pattern or the multivitamin supplement. However, clinical studies specifically investigating the role of tocotrienols and non-α-tocopherols isoforms, or their combinations in CI, remain limited and warrant further investigations.

认知障碍是阿尔茨海默病（AD）的一个标志，对全世界的患者和卫生保健系统都是一个挑战。目前的阿尔茨海默病的药物治疗侧重于解决症状管理，有限的选择，以防止或减缓认知能力下降。维生素E是一种抗氧化剂，对认知障碍（CI）有保护作用。我们旨在系统地回顾文献并评估维生素E在认知功能中的作用的证据。检索了PubMed、Scopus、Web of Science和Cochrane Library四个数据库，检索了2012年至2022年间发表的临床研究。研究选择和数据提取遵循PRISMA指南，符合条件的研究分为3类：维生素E补充剂、膳食维生素E和含有维生素E的多种维生素。共纳入43项临床研究，涉及80,488名参与者。其中一项是关于维生素E补充剂，18项是关于膳食维生素E， 24项是关于含有维生素E的多种维生素。总的来说，这一系统综述表明，维生素E，特别是当作为膳食成分或多种维生素补充剂与其他维生素，草药和矿物质一起食用时，具有防止认知障碍的保护作用，可能是由饮食模式或多种维生素补充剂的其他成分的协同作用介导的。然而，专门研究生育三烯醇和非α-生育酚异构体或其组合在CI中的作用的临床研究仍然有限，需要进一步研究。

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引用次数: 0

The integration of artificial intelligence-generated diets into the field of dietetics: Synergy or threat? 人工智能饮食与营养学领域的整合：协同还是威胁？

IF 3.1 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Nutrition Research

Pub Date : 2025-11-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2025.11.007

Menşure Nur Çelik , Emine Karademir , Murat Gürbüz

The objective of this study was to conduct a comparative analysis of diets generated by artificial intelligence (AI) tools (ChatGPT-4o and Gemini Advanced) and those prescribed by dietitians. Each researcher (n: 3) obtained 15-day diet plans from AI in separate accounts and 3-day diet plans from five dietitians. In total, 135 diet plans were obtained for each researcher, 45 from ChatGPT-4o, 45 from Gemini, and 45 from dietitians. Diet plans were entered into the BeBis v9.0 program. Nutrient Rich Foods (NRF)15.3 scores, estimated glycemic index(GI) score, saturated fatty acid(SFA)/unsaturated fatty acid ratio, MUFA/PUFA ratio, ω-6/ω-3 ratio, amino acid (AA) score, and composite dietary antioxidant index(CDAI) score were evaluated. ChatGPT-4o achieved the highest trient NRF15.3 score, while Gemini Advanced achieved the highest AA score despite overall inadequate protein quality. AI tools exhibited a significantly lower percentage of energy from SFA(%), SFA/USFA, and SFA/PUFA ratio in comparison with diets prescribed by dietitians. The diets produced by Gemini Advanced demonstrated the highest MUFA/PUFA ratio. All diet plans were within the acceptable range in terms of the ω-6/ω-3 ratio, with no significant differences between the groups. While no significant differences were found in the estimated GI, dietitian-prescribed diets achieved significantly higher CDAI, suggesting greater antioxidant capacity in their overall menu composition. These findings suggest that AI tools can generate nutritionally sound diets with only minor deviations from those prepared by dietitians, potentially enhancing efficiency and reducing workload; however, human oversight remains essential to ensure nutritional adequacy, address micronutrient gaps, and guide critical dietary decisions.

本研究的目的是对人工智能（AI）工具（chatgpt - 40和Gemini Advanced）生成的饮食和营养师开出的饮食进行比较分析。每个研究人员（n: 3）分别从AI获得15天的饮食计划，并从5位营养师那里获得3天的饮食计划。每位研究人员总共获得了135份饮食计划，其中45份来自chatgpt - 40, 45份来自Gemini， 45份来自营养师。节食计划被纳入了BeBis v9.0程序。评价营养丰富食品（NRF）15.3评分、预估血糖指数（GI）评分、饱和脂肪酸(SFA)/不饱和脂肪酸比值、MUFA/PUFA比值、ω-6/ω-3比值、氨基酸（AA）评分和膳食复合抗氧化指数（CDAI）评分。chatgpt - 40获得最高的trient NRF15.3分，而Gemini Advanced获得最高的AA分，尽管整体蛋白质质量不足。与营养师规定的饮食相比，人工智能工具从SFA（%）、SFA/USFA和SFA/PUFA中获得的能量百分比明显较低。Gemini Advanced生产的饮食显示出最高的MUFA/PUFA比率。所有饮食方案的ω-6/ω-3比值均在可接受范围内，各组间无显著差异。虽然在估计的GI上没有发现显著差异，但营养师规定的饮食获得了显著更高的CDAI，这表明他们的整体菜单成分具有更强的抗氧化能力。这些发现表明，人工智能工具可以生成营养合理的饮食，与营养师准备的饮食只有微小的偏差，从而有可能提高效率并减少工作量；然而，人为监督对于确保营养充足、解决微量营养素缺口和指导关键的饮食决策仍然至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Middle-school students who consumed school breakfast perform better on tasks assessing cognitive flexibility and executive function 吃学校早餐的中学生在评估认知灵活性和执行功能的任务中表现更好

IF 3.1 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Nutrition Research

Pub Date : 2025-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2025.11.005

Heather J. Leidy , Steve M. Douglas , Naiman A. Khan , Kathy A. Greaves

Breakfast improves nutrient adequacy, weight management, and cognitive performance in children; however, less is known regarding the quality, type, and location of breakfast, particularly in adolescents. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to examine whether consuming breakfast at home or school elicits greater cognitive performance compared to skipping breakfast in 236 urban middle-school students from low-income households. During a single school day, 3 hours after the start of school, students completed questionnaires assessing breakfast consumption followed by a 20-minute computerized cognitive performance assessment, CNS Vital Signs. Students were retrospectively grouped according to the following breakfast habits on the morning of testing: school breakfast (SCHOOL [N = 36]); home breakfast (HOME [N = 50]); school and home breakfast (BOTH [N = 21]); or no breakfast (SKIP [N = 85]). SCHOOL had higher cognitive flexibility (61.5 ± 4.2 percentile-for-age) vs SKIP (46.7 ± 2.6 percentile-for-age, P = .006) and HOME (49.8 ± 3.8 percentile-for-age, P = .05), but was not different versus BOTH (50.6 ± 9.6 percentile-for-age, NS, P = .220). SCHOOL had higher executive function (58.3 ± 4.2 percentile-for-age) vs SKIP (48.0 ± 2.5 percentile-for-age, P = .04) and BOTH (36.8 ± 7.2 percentile-for-age, P = .003) and trended towards higher scores vs HOME (48.7 ± 3.5 percentile-for-age, P = .08). No other differences occurred. Students who eat breakfast at school perform better on select cognitive function tasks compared to those who skip breakfast or eat breakfast at home, highlighting the importance of school breakfast in middle-school adolescents from low-income households.

早餐可以改善儿童的营养充足性、体重管理和认知能力；然而，人们对早餐的质量、类型和地点知之甚少，尤其是在青少年中。这项横断面研究的目的是研究236名来自低收入家庭的城市中学生，与不吃早餐相比，在家里或学校吃早餐是否能获得更好的认知表现。在一个单一的上学日，即开始上学后3小时，学生们完成了评估早餐摄入量的问卷，然后进行了20分钟的计算机认知表现评估，即中枢神经系统生命体征。学生按照测试当天早晨的早餐习惯进行回顾性分组：学校早餐（school [N = 36]）；家庭早餐（home [N = 50]）；学校和家庭早餐（均为[N = 21]）；或不吃早餐（SKIP [N = 85]）。SCHOOL组比SKIP组（46.7±2.6个百分点，P = 0.006）和HOME组（49.8±3.8个百分点，P = 0.05）具有更高的认知灵活性（61.5±4.2个百分点，P = 0.006），但与BOTH组（50.6±9.6个百分点，NS, P = 0.220）没有差异。SCHOOL比SKIP（48.0±2.5个百分位，P = 0.04）和BOTH（36.8±7.2个百分位，P = 0.003）的执行功能更高（58.3±4.2个百分位，P = 0.04），且比HOME（48.7±3.5个百分位，P = 0.08）得分更高。没有其他差异发生。与不吃早餐或在家吃早餐的学生相比，在学校吃早餐的学生在特定的认知功能任务中表现更好，这凸显了学校早餐对低收入家庭的中学生的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Gut microbiota and nutritional interventions in alcohol-associated liver disease: Mechanisms and therapeutic advances 酒精相关肝病的肠道菌群和营养干预：机制和治疗进展

IF 3.1 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Nutrition Research

Pub Date : 2025-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2025.11.004

Ashi Mittal, Shvetank Sharma

Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is a leading cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite growing awareness of its burden, treatment options remain limited, with abstinence as the only widely accepted intervention. Recent research underscores the critical role of the gut-liver axis and nutritional status, particularly dietary protein, in modulating ALD pathogenesis and progression. This review aims to integrate current knowledge on the interplay between gut microbiota, dietary protein, and alcohol-induced liver injury, and to evaluate microbiota-targeted therapeutic strategies, including fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), within this context. We examine how chronic alcohol intake reshapes the gut microbiome, impairs barrier function, and alters microbial metabolism. We discuss how dietary protein, based on source, quantity, and amino acid composition, influences microbial ecology and metabolite profiles, with plant and dairy proteins emerging as beneficial. The review also highlights advances in FMT, which shows promise in improving outcomes in severe alcoholic hepatitis. However, its efficacy is modulated by donor microbial composition and recipient compatibility, both of which may be influenced by diet. Furthermore, we address emerging evidence on the role of fungal and viral communities, which remain understudied contributors to ALD. Despite substantial progress, significant knowledge gaps persist. These include the need for clinical validation of preclinical findings, deeper exploration of nonbacterial microbiota, and a lack of personalized, nutrition-based interventions. Addressing these gaps through integrative, multiomic approaches will be essential to advancing precision therapeutics in ALD.

酒精相关性肝病（ALD）是世界范围内肝脏相关发病率和死亡率的主要原因。尽管越来越多的人意识到其负担，但治疗选择仍然有限，禁欲是唯一被广泛接受的干预措施。最近的研究强调了肠肝轴和营养状况，特别是膳食蛋白质，在调节ALD发病和进展中的关键作用。本综述旨在整合肠道微生物群、膳食蛋白质和酒精性肝损伤之间相互作用的现有知识，并在此背景下评估以微生物群为目标的治疗策略，包括粪便微生物群移植（FMT）。我们研究慢性酒精摄入如何重塑肠道微生物群，损害屏障功能，并改变微生物代谢。我们讨论了基于来源、数量和氨基酸组成的膳食蛋白质如何影响微生物生态和代谢物特征，其中植物和乳制品蛋白质是有益的。该综述还强调了FMT的进展，它有望改善严重酒精性肝炎的预后。然而，其功效受到供体微生物组成和受体相容性的调节，这两者都可能受到饮食的影响。此外，我们解决了真菌和病毒群落作用的新证据，它们对ALD的贡献尚未得到充分研究。尽管取得了重大进展，但仍存在巨大的知识差距。其中包括临床前研究结果的临床验证，对非细菌微生物群的深入探索，以及缺乏个性化的营养干预措施。通过综合的、多组学的方法来解决这些差距对于推进ALD的精确治疗至关重要。

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