Nutrition Research最新文献

Maintaining muscle health is a growing concern in aging populations, yet the role of eating frequency remains understudied. This study hypothesized that lower eating frequency, particularly infrequent breakfast consumption, is associated with poorer muscle health in older adults. This study examined the association between eating frequency and muscle outcomes among 3292 adults aged ≥50 years from the 2022-2023 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Meal frequency was categorized by weekly breakfast (0, 1-2, 3-4, 5-7/week), lunch and dinner (≤2, 3-4, 5-7/week), and grouped as ≤12, 13-14, or 15-21 meals/week. Muscle outcomes included the skeletal muscle index (SMI) and handgrip strength (HGS). Sex-stratified multivariable logistic regression models were adjusted for sociodemographic, health behaviors, and clinical and dietary intake. In men, skipping breakfast was associated with higher odds of combined low SMI/HGS (odds ratio [OR]: 2.02; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01-4.04). In women, it was associated with low SMI (OR: 1.90; 95% CI, 1.08-3.34). Men consuming 13 to 14 or ≤12 meals/week had higher odds of low SMI (OR: 4.74; 95% CI, 2.39-9.42 and OR: 1.96; 95% CI, 1.22-3.14, respectively) and combined low SMI/HGS (OR: 2.38; 95% CI, 1.11-5.13 and OR: 1.79; 95% CI, 1.07-3.01, respectively). Among women, consuming ≤12 meals/week was associated with low SMI (OR: 1.69; 95% CI, 1.18-2.42). These associations remained consistent in participants aged ≥65 years. No significant associations were found for lunch or dinner frequency. In conclusion, regular meal consumption, especially consistent breakfast intake, may help preserve muscle mass and strength in older adults.

Despite advances in cancer treatment, survivors continue to face elevated all-cause mortality, and the relationship between omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and mortality in this population remains uncertain. We hypothesized that higher dietary omega-3 PUFA intake is associated with reduced all-cause mortality in cancer survivors. Using data from 4836 adults with self-reported cancer in NHANES (1999-2018), we evaluated dietary intake of omega-3 PUFAs based on 24-hour recalls and categorized it into quartiles. During a median follow-up of 81 months, 1776 deaths occurred. After adjusting for confounders, multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression revealed that each additional gram per day of omega-3 PUFA intake was associated with a 6% reduction in mortality risk (HR: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.89-0.99). When omega-3 PUFA intake was analyzed as a categorical variable, participants in the highest quartile (Q4) had a 24% lower mortality risk compared with those in the lowest quartile (Q1) (HR: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.65-0.90; P for trend < .01).Restricted cubic spline analysis indicated a linear dose-response relationship (P for nonlinearity = .255). In subgroup analyses, body mass index modified this association (interaction P = .031), with significant inverse associations observed among overweight and obese individuals (HR: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.86-0.98) but not among those with normal weight. These findings were robust in sensitivity analyses. In conclusion, higher dietary omega-3 PUFA intake was associated with reduced all-cause mortality in cancer survivors, with stronger associations observed among overweight and obese individuals.

The association between serum concentrations of total monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk remains controversial, with limited evidence regarding individual MUFAs. This study aimed to comprehensively explore the associations of serum MUFA concentrations with CRC risk in a Chinese population. We hypothesize that serum myristoleic acid (C14:1), oleic acid (C18:1), gadoleic acid (C20:1), erucic acid (C22:1), nervonic acid (C24:1) and total MUFAs are positively associated, while palmitoleic acid (C16:1) is inversely associated with CRC risk. Serum MUFA concentrations were measured by gas chromatography in 680 cases and 680 frequency-matched controls aged 30 to 75 years. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We observed no significant linear associations for serum total MUFAs (adjusted OR [aOR] for quartile 4 vs. quartile 1, 1.37; 95% CI, 0.83-2.28), or serum C18:1 (aOR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.50-1.32) with CRC risk; instead, both exhibited inverted-U trends peaking at 16.66% and 13.23%, respectively. However, serum concentrations of C14:1 (aOR, 2.23; 95% CI, 1.56-3.18), C20:1 (aOR, 1.98; 95% CI, 1.40-2.80), C22:1 (aOR, 1.83; 95% CI, 1.28-2.62), and C24:1 (aOR, 6.33; 95% CI, 4.25-9.42) were positively associated with CRC risk, whereas serum C16:1 (aOR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.33-0.71) was inversely associated with CRC risk. These findings suggest that different serum MUFA subtypes exhibit differing associations with CRC risk. Higher serum concentrations of C14:1, C20:1, C22:1, C24:1 and lower concentration of C16:1 are associated with an increased CRC risk in Chinese population. It may be beneficial for CRC prevention to appropriately increase the dietary intake of C16:1-rich foods such as Macadamia nut or palm oil.

Evidence suggests that diet is associated with low-grade inflammation. The Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) assesses the inflammatory potential of a diet; however, few studies have examined its association with hs-CRP and cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, and TNF-α) in Brazilian adults. This cross-sectional study, using data from 958 adults from the Viçosa Health and Nutrition Study (2012-2014), who were selected by two-stage probabilistic sampling. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated Food Frequency Questionnaire. DII scores were calculated, as were the energy-adjusted (E-DII) and residual-adjusted (E-DII_r) forms based on 25 dietary components. Inflammatory biomarkers were measured using high-sensitivity immunoturbidimetry and bead-based flow cytometry for cytokines. Linear and logistic regression models, adjusted for complex sampling design and covariates defined by a Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG), were tested in three hierarchical blocks (Stata 14.2; p < 0.05). Diets with higher inflammatory potential (E-DII, E-DII_r) were positively associated with log-transformed hs-CRP concentrations in adjusted models. In quartile analyses, individuals in the most pro-inflammatory quartile (DII, E-DII, E-DII_r) had higher hs-CRP concentrations. Logistic models showed no association between continuous scores and odds of hs-CRP ≥ 3 mg/L. However, significant associations emerged in the upper quartiles of the DII and E-DII_r. For IL-8, inverse associations appeared in both linear (DII, E-DII_r) and ordinal logistic regression (DII, E-DII_r). Findings support the association between pro-inflammatory diets and hs-CRP concentrations, with no consistent results for other cytokines. The DII may capture subclinical inflammation, but its utility could depend on methodology and timing, underscoring the need for standardized longitudinal studies.

The present research assessed the efficacy of 12-week high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and blue-green algae (Spirulina) consumption on pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors (Dectin-1, IL-1β, and IL-10), along with lipid-associated signaling elements (ApoM and S1P) in obesity. We hypothesized that 12-week intervention combining HIIT and Spirulina consumption will demonstrate superior efficacy than HIIT or Spirulina alone on plasma concentrations of pro- and anti-inflammatory factors and lipid-associated signaling molecules in men with obesity. Sixty-four men with obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m², 20-35 years) were randomly allocated to four treatment groups: control placebo (CP), blue-algae (BA), HIIT + placebo (HIIT+P), or HIIT + blue-algae (HIIT+BA). The treatment consisted of three weekly sessions of HIIT protocols, daily intake of 6 grams of capsulated Spirulina, or simultaneous implementation of both interventions. Plasma biomarkers (Dectin-1, IL-1β, IL-10, ApoM, and S1P), anthropometric measurements, cardiorespiratory assessments, and lipid profiles were examined at baseline and after the 12-week intervention. Statistical analyses demonstrated an elevation in plasma concentrations of IL-10 and ApoM, along with a reduction in concentrations of IL-1β in the BA, HIIT+P, and HIIT+BA groups (P< .05), with the most pronounced changes observed in the HIIT+BA. Also, an increase in S1P concentrations was observed in the HIIT+P and HIIT+BA groups (P = .03, P = .003, respectively). A decrease in Dectin-1 concentrations post-intervention was found only in the HIIT+BA group (P = .03). In conclusion, while HIIT and/or Spirulina have shown potential for targeting lipid- and inflammation-associated markers in obesity, combining these interventions demonstrates superior efficacy for certain parameters.