Nutrition Research最新文献_第2页

High dietary antioxidant index associated with reduced insulin resistance in female Mexican children and adolescents 高膳食抗氧化指数与降低墨西哥女性儿童和青少年的胰岛素抵抗有关。

IF 3.4 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Nutrition Research

Pub Date : 2024-09-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2024.09.016

Rogelio F. Jiménez-Ortega , Joacim Meneses-León , Sonia Hernández , Priscila Thebar-Moreno , Diana I. Aparicio-Bautista , Adriana Becerra-Cervera , Carlos Aguilar-Salinas , Jorge Salmerón , Berenice Rivera-Paredez , Rafael Velázquez-Cruz

Antioxidant intake is inversely associated with different health outcomes; however, its association with insulin resistance (IR) has not been well documented. We hypothesized that the Dietary Antioxidant Index (DAI) is inversely associated with IR in Mexican children and adolescents. A cross-sectional analysis was performed using data from the Health Workers Cohort Study. A total of 830 children and adolescents aged 7 to 18 years were enrolled. The DAI was evaluated in three categories defined by tertiles using a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. IR was defined using previously reported cutoff points in the homeostasis model assessment. This association was evaluated using a multiple logistic regression model. Stratified analysis was performed using body mass index and sex. The prevalence of IR based on the DAI categories (low, medium, high) was 23.8%, 24.2%, and 15.3%, respectively. The IR odds ratio (OR) for participants in the highest DAI category was 0.49 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.30-0.80). Notably, female Children and Adolescents in the highest DAI category had significantly lower odds of developing IR than those in the lowest DAI category (OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.29-0.98). Participants with overweight/obesity showed a similar association (OR 0.37, 95% CI 0.18-0.76). These results suggest that the DAI is inversely associated with IR, particularly in females, highlighting the potential role of antioxidants in preventing IR. This underscores the need to establish recommendations for antioxidant consumption in female children and adolescents.

抗氧化剂的摄入量与不同的健康结果成反比；然而，其与胰岛素抵抗（IR）的关系还没有得到很好的记录。我们假设膳食抗氧化剂指数（DAI）与墨西哥儿童和青少年的胰岛素抵抗成反比关系。我们利用卫生工作者队列研究（Health Workers Cohort Study）的数据进行了横断面分析。研究共招募了 830 名 7 至 18 岁的儿童和青少年。使用半定量食物频率问卷对DAI进行了评估，分为三个等级。IR的定义采用了之前报道的平衡模型评估的临界点。使用多元逻辑回归模型对这种关联进行了评估。根据体重指数和性别进行了分层分析。基于 DAI 类别（低、中、高）的 IR 患病率分别为 23.8%、24.2% 和 15.3%。DAI值最高的参与者的IR几率比（OR）为0.49（95%置信区间[CI]：0.30-0.80）。值得注意的是，DAI值最高的女性儿童和青少年患IR的几率明显低于DAI值最低的儿童和青少年（OR 0.54，95% CI 0.29-0.98）。超重/肥胖的参与者也有类似的关联（OR 0.37，95% CI 0.18-0.76）。这些结果表明，DAI与IR成反比关系，尤其是在女性中，突出了抗氧化剂在预防IR中的潜在作用。这凸显了为女性儿童和青少年制定抗氧化剂消费建议的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

Improved metabolic stability in iNOS knockout mice with Lactobacillus supplementation 补充乳酸菌可改善 iNOS 基因敲除小鼠的代谢稳定性。

IF 3.4 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Nutrition Research

Pub Date : 2024-09-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2024.09.018

Hobby Aggarwal , Jyoti Gautam , Sonu Kumar Gupta , Bhabatosh Das , Yashwant Kumar , Kumaravelu Jagavelu , Madhu Dikshit

Oxidative and nitrosative stress play pivotal roles in normal physiological processes and the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders. Previous studies from our lab demonstrated insulin resistance (IR), and dyslipidemia in iNOS^−/− mice, emphasizing the importance of maintaining optimal redox balance. These mice exhibited altered gut microbiota with decreased Lactobacillus. Therefore, we hypothesized that Lactobacillus supplementation could mitigate metabolic disturbances in iNOS^−/− mice. To test this hypothesis, iNOS^−/− mice and wild-type (WT) mice were divided into four groups: iNOS^−/- with or without Lactobacillus supplementation, WT with or without Lactobacillus supplementation and glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, gluconeogenesis, lipids, gene expression related to glucose and lipid metabolism (qPCR), fecal gut microbiota (16S rRNA sequencing), and serum and caecum metabolomics (LC-MS) were monitored. IR and dyslipidemic iNOS^−/− mice exhibited reduced microbial diversity, diminished presence of Lactobacillus, and altered serum metabolites, indicating metabolic dysregulation. Lactobacillus supplementation in iNOS^−/− mice effectively reversed glucose intolerance, IR, dyslipidemia, and associated metabolic irregularities compared to WT. These improvements correlated with changes in gene expression related to fatty acid synthesis in liver and adipose tissue, lipid oxidation in liver, and lipid efflux in intestinal tissue as compared to untreated iNOS^−/− mice. Despite the positive effects on metabolic markers, Lactobacillus supplementation did not reduce body weight or rectify disrupted energy balance, as evidenced by reduced VCO₂ production, heat generation, and metabolic rates in iNOS^−/− mice. The results suggest that Lactobacillus supplementation ameliorates metabolic disturbances but did not fully restore disrupted energy balance, highlighting complex interactions between the gut microbiome and metabolism.

氧化应激和亚硝基应激在正常生理过程和代谢紊乱的发病机制中起着关键作用。我们实验室以前的研究表明，iNOS-/-小鼠存在胰岛素抵抗（IR）和血脂异常，这强调了维持最佳氧化还原平衡的重要性。这些小鼠的肠道微生物群发生了改变，乳酸杆菌减少。因此，我们假设补充乳酸菌可以缓解 iNOS-/- 小鼠的代谢紊乱。为了验证这一假设，我们将 iNOS-/- 小鼠和野生型（WT）小鼠分为四组：补充或不补充乳酸杆菌的 iNOS-/- 小鼠组、补充或不补充乳酸杆菌的 WT 小鼠组，并监测糖耐量、胰岛素抵抗、糖代谢、血脂、与糖和脂代谢相关的基因表达（qPCR）、粪便肠道微生物群（16S rRNA 测序）以及血清和盲肠代谢组学（LC-MS）。红外和血脂异常 iNOS-/- 小鼠表现出微生物多样性降低、乳酸杆菌减少和血清代谢物改变，表明代谢失调。与 WT 小鼠相比，在 iNOS-/- 小鼠体内补充乳酸菌可有效逆转葡萄糖耐受不良、红外热、血脂异常以及相关的代谢异常。与未经治疗的 iNOS-/- 小鼠相比，这些改善与肝脏和脂肪组织中脂肪酸合成、肝脏中脂质氧化和肠道组织中脂质外流相关基因表达的变化有关。尽管乳酸菌对代谢指标有积极影响，但补充乳酸菌并不能减轻体重或纠正能量平衡失调，这体现在 iNOS-/- 小鼠的 VCO2 产生量、发热量和代谢率降低。研究结果表明，补充乳酸菌可改善代谢紊乱，但并不能完全恢复被破坏的能量平衡，这凸显了肠道微生物组与代谢之间复杂的相互作用。

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引用次数: 0

Urinary metals are associated with obesity in U.S. children and adolescents: A cross-sectional study 尿液中的金属与美国儿童和青少年肥胖有关：一项横断面研究。

IF 3.4 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Nutrition Research

Pub Date : 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2024.09.017

Xinyun Zhou, Hongliang Jin, Yan Zhang

Heavy metals are pervasive in the environment, and exposure to these metals may contribute to obesity in children and adolescents. We hypothesized that metal exposures are associated with obesity in children and adolescents. Data were drawn from children and adolescents aged 6 to 19 years from the 2007 to 2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. We employed weighted multivariate logistic regression and restricted cubic spline to explore the effects of individual metal exposures on obesity, and weighted quantile sum regression, quantile g-computed regression, and Bayesian kernel machine regression to explore the effects of mixed metal exposures on obesity. Subgroup analyses by gender were also performed. All models were adjusted for age, gender, race, poverty to income ratio, and serum cotinine. Among the 3,650 children and adolescents studied, 21.04% had obesity. Logistic regression revealed positive associations between barium (OR = 1.23, 95% CI: 1.07-1.40) and thallium (OR = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.23-2.15) with obesity, while cadmium (OR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.61-0.89), cobalt (OR = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.41-0.62), and lead (OR = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.57-0.86) were negatively associated with obesity. Restricted cubic spline indicated a nonlinear relationship between lead and thallium and obesity. Quantile g-computed regression demonstrated that mixed metal exposure was negatively associated with obesity (OR = 0.50, 95% CI: 0.42-0.59). Subgroup analyses revealed a gender-specific effect for mercury (P for interaction = 0.03), which was negatively associated with obesity in females (OR = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.69-0.99). In conclusion, metal exposures are associated with obesity in children and adolescents, with gender differences.

重金属普遍存在于环境中，接触这些金属可能会导致儿童和青少年肥胖。我们假设金属暴露与儿童和青少年肥胖有关。数据来自 2007 年至 2018 年全国健康与营养调查中 6 至 19 岁的儿童和青少年。我们采用加权多元逻辑回归和受限立方样条法来探讨单个金属暴露对肥胖的影响，并采用加权量子和回归、量子 g 计算回归和贝叶斯核机回归来探讨混合金属暴露对肥胖的影响。此外，还按性别进行了分组分析。所有模型均根据年龄、性别、种族、贫困与收入比率和血清可替宁进行了调整。在接受研究的 3,650 名儿童和青少年中，21.04% 患有肥胖症。逻辑回归显示，钡（OR = 1.23，95% CI：1.07-1.40）和铊（OR = 1.55，95% CI：1.23-2.15）与肥胖呈正相关，而镉（OR = 0.74，95% CI：0.61-0.89）、钴（OR = 0.51，95% CI：0.41-0.62）和铅（OR = 0.70，95% CI：0.57-0.86）与肥胖呈负相关。限制立方样条曲线显示，铅和铊与肥胖之间存在非线性关系。量子 g 计算回归表明，混合金属暴露与肥胖呈负相关（OR = 0.50，95% CI：0.42-0.59）。分组分析显示，汞具有性别特异性效应（交互作用 P = 0.03），与女性肥胖呈负相关（OR = 0.83，95% CI：0.69-0.99）。总之，金属暴露与儿童和青少年肥胖有关，且存在性别差异。

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引用次数: 0

Higher sweet beverage consumption was associated with increased gestational weight gain and birth weight: A Chinese cohort study 甜饮料消费量增加与妊娠体重增加和出生体重增加有关：一项中国队列研究

IF 3.4 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Nutrition Research

Pub Date : 2024-09-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2024.09.013

Shuang Zhang, Cuiping Zhang, Jia Guo, Baojuan Li, Weiqin Li, Jinnan Liu, Lingyan Feng, Peng Wang

Diet during pregnancy is crucial to maternal metabolism and fetal development, so exploring the most potent food risk factor could improve maternal and child health. In this study, we investigated the diet and lifestyle of 833 healthy pregnant women in the second trimester from November 2020 to August 2021. Based on the Tianjin Antenatal Care System in China, we followed up with these women and recorded their gestational weight gain (GWG) and newborn birth weight. We conducted a dietary survey through FFQ based on the food groups recommended by the Chinese Dietary Guidelines and included common ultra-processed foods. We collected 219 semi-quantitative FFQs and 614 self-reported FFQs for analysis. According to the consumption frequency of 12 food groups, 4 dietary patterns were extracted by principal component analysis. We analyzed the associations of food energy, consumption frequency, and dietary patterns with GWG and birth weight, especially GWG in the first and second trimesters (f-GWG). The results showed that f-GWG was positively correlated with food energy. Beverage consumption was associated with f-GWG (r = 0.288, P = .026) in obese pregnant women. A dietary pattern that favors high consumption of ultra-processed foods (fried foods, baked desserts, and sweet beverages) was associated with increased GWGs. Non-obesity women with high consumption of baked desserts and sweet beverages had higher GWGs (P < .05). After adjusting for confounding factors (including total energy, physical activity, and sleep quality), only sweet beverage consumption was associated with f-GWG (β 0.498, 95%CI 0.153-0.843) and birth weight (β 0.124, 95%CI 0.009-0.240). Sweet beverage consumption is a key adjustable risk factor for prenatal care.

孕期饮食对母体的新陈代谢和胎儿的发育至关重要，因此，探索最有效的食物风险因素可以改善母婴健康。在这项研究中，我们调查了 833 名健康孕妇在 2020 年 11 月至 2021 年 8 月期间的后三个月的饮食和生活方式。在中国天津产前保健系统的基础上，我们对这些孕妇进行了随访，并记录了她们的妊娠体重增加（GWG）和新生儿出生体重。我们根据《中国居民膳食指南》推荐的食物类别进行了膳食调查，其中包括常见的超加工食品。我们收集了 219 份半定量 FFQ 和 614 份自报 FFQ 进行分析。根据 12 种食物的摄入频率，通过主成分分析提取出 4 种膳食模式。我们分析了食物能量、摄入频率和膳食模式与体重指数和出生体重的关系，尤其是妊娠头三个月和后三个月的体重指数（f-GWG）。结果显示，f-GWG 与食物能量呈正相关。肥胖孕妇的饮料消耗量与 f-GWG 相关（r = 0.288，P = .026）。偏爱大量食用超加工食品（油炸食品、烘焙甜点和甜饮料）的饮食模式与 GWG 的增加有关。大量食用烘焙甜点和甜饮料的非肥胖妇女的总血糖值更高（P < .05）。在对混杂因素（包括总能量、体力活动和睡眠质量）进行调整后，只有甜饮料消费与 f-GWG （β 0.498，95%CI 0.153-0.843）和出生体重（β 0.124，95%CI 0.009-0.240）相关。饮用甜饮料是产前护理的一个关键可调整风险因素。

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引用次数: 0

Supplementation of spermidine at 40 mg/day has minimal effects on circulating polyamines: An exploratory double-blind randomized controlled trial in older men 每天补充 40 毫克的亚精胺对循环多胺的影响微乎其微：一项针对老年男性的探索性双盲随机对照试验

IF 3.4 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Nutrition Research

Pub Date : 2024-09-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2024.09.012

Patrick Keohane , Jeremy R. Everett , Rui Pereira , Chad M. Cook , Traci M. Blonquist , Eunice Mah

This study represents the first investigation into the safety of a novel, high-purity spermidine trihydrochloride supplement (hpSPD) in humans. Spermidine, a natural compound found in various foods, has demonstrated potential health benefits in animal and epidemiological studies. However, evidence from clinical trials and safety evaluations of spermidine supplements is limited because pure spermidine for human administration has not been available. In this randomized, double-blind, within-subject and placebo-controlled trial, 37 healthy men (age 50–70 years; body mass index, 18.5–28 kg/m²) were administered either hpSPD or a placebo. We hypothesized that 7-day and 28-day dosing of 40 mg/day of hpSPD would have minimal effects on safety, although metabolic and polyamine homeostasis has not previously been examined at this dosage level. Consistent with our hypothesis, 40 mg/day hpSPD did not result in any significant changes in clinical, lipids, chemistry, or hematological parameters compared to placebo. Compliance was high, and no study product-related adverse events were reported. Substantial changes in serum and urine polyamine concentrations were not observed following hpSPD supplementation, suggesting effective homeostatic control of full-dose highly purified spermidine supplements with no evidence of adaptation of spermidine metabolism at 40 mg/day. These findings suggest that hpSPD at 40 mg/day for up to 28 days is safe and well-tolerated in healthy older men. The study is consistent with preclinical results and provides important evidence supporting the safety of high-purity spermidine supplementation, enabling further research with single-molecule spermidine to investigate its potential biology for improving human health. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT05459961).

这项研究首次调查了一种新型高纯度三盐酸精胺补充剂（hpSPD）对人体的安全性。精脒是一种存在于各种食物中的天然化合物，在动物和流行病学研究中已被证明具有潜在的健康益处。然而，由于还没有供人类服用的纯品精胺，因此精胺补充剂的临床试验和安全性评估证据非常有限。在这项随机、双盲、受试者内和安慰剂对照试验中，37 名健康男性（年龄 50-70 岁；体重指数 18.5-28 kg/m2）服用了 hpSPD 或安慰剂。我们的假设是，每天服用 40 毫克 hpSPD 的 7 天和 28 天剂量对安全性的影响极小，尽管此前尚未在这一剂量水平上对代谢和多胺稳态进行过研究。与我们的假设一致，与安慰剂相比，40 毫克/天的 hpSPD 不会导致临床、血脂、化学或血液学参数发生任何显著变化。患者的依从性很高，也未报告与研究产品相关的不良事件。补充hpSPD后，血清和尿液中的多胺浓度没有发生重大变化，这表明全剂量高纯度亚精胺补充剂能有效控制体内平衡，没有证据表明服用40毫克/天的亚精胺代谢会发生适应性变化。这些研究结果表明，健康老年男性每天服用 40 毫克的 hpSPD 长达 28 天是安全和耐受性良好的。该研究与临床前研究结果一致，并提供了支持高纯度亚精胺补充剂安全性的重要证据，有助于进一步研究单分子亚精胺，探讨其在改善人类健康方面的潜在生物学作用。该试验已在 clinicaltrials.gov 注册（NCT05459961）。

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引用次数: 0

Epidemiological and transcriptome data identify association between iron overload and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and hepatic fibrosis 流行病学和转录组数据确定了铁超载与代谢功能障碍相关的脂肪肝和肝纤维化之间的联系。

IF 3.4 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Nutrition Research

Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2024.09.011

Chunling Li , Mengqi Qu , Xiangfeng Tian , Wenyi Zhuang , Meng Zhu , Shengxia Lv , Yongsheng Zhang , Feiye Zhu

The primary objective of this study was to examine the association between iron overload (IO), metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), and hepatic fibrosis. We hypothesized that there is a significant association. Data from the NHANES (2017-2020) were analyzed to explore IO's impact on MASLD and hepatic fibrosis in U.S. adults. We assessed serum ferritin, controlled attenuation parameter (CAP), liver stiffness measurement (LSM), and various covariates. Gene expression data were sourced from the FerrDb V2 and GEO databases. Differential gene expression analysis, Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) Network construction, and Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses were performed. The study verified the link between MASLD, hepatic fibrosis, and iron overload hub genes. This study of 5927 participants, averaging 46.78 years of age, revealed significant correlations between serum ferritin and CAP, LSM, after adjusting for covariates. Threshold effect analysis indicated nonlinear associations between serum ferritin and CAP, LSM, with distinct patterns observed by age and gender. Moreover, the area under the ROC curve for serum ferritin with MASLD and hepatic fibrosis was 0.8272 and 0.8376, respectively, demonstrating its performance in assessing these conditions. Additionally, molecular analyses identified potential hub genes associated with iron overload and MASLD, and hepatic fibrosis, revealing the underlying mechanisms. Our study findings reveal an association between iron overload, MASLD, and hepatic fibrosis. Additionally, the hub genes may be implicated in iron overload and subsequently contribute to the progression of MASLD and hepatic fibrosis. These findings support precision nutrition strategies.

本研究的主要目的是探讨铁超载（IO）、代谢功能障碍相关性脂肪性肝病（MASLD）和肝纤维化之间的关联。我们假设两者之间存在显著关联。我们分析了 NHANES（2017-2020 年）的数据，以探讨 IO 对美国成年人 MASLD 和肝纤维化的影响。我们评估了血清铁蛋白、受控衰减参数（CAP）、肝脏硬度测量（LSM）和各种协变量。基因表达数据来自 FerrDb V2 和 GEO 数据库。研究人员进行了差异基因表达分析、蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用（PPI）网络构建、基因本体（GO）和 KEGG 通路富集分析。研究验证了 MASLD、肝纤维化和铁超载枢纽基因之间的联系。这项针对 5927 名参与者（平均年龄 46.78 岁）的研究显示，在调整协变量后，血清铁蛋白与 CAP、LSM 之间存在显著相关性。阈值效应分析表明，血清铁蛋白与 CAP、LSM 之间存在非线性关联，不同年龄和性别的人之间的关联模式各不相同。此外，血清铁蛋白与 MASLD 和肝纤维化的 ROC 曲线下面积分别为 0.8272 和 0.8376，显示了其在评估这些情况时的性能。此外，分子分析还发现了与铁超载、MASLD 和肝纤维化相关的潜在枢纽基因，揭示了其潜在机制。我们的研究结果揭示了铁超载、MASLD 和肝纤维化之间的关联。此外，枢纽基因可能与铁超载有关，并随后导致 MASLD 和肝纤维化的进展。这些发现为精准营养策略提供了支持。

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引用次数: 0

Intestinal-level anti-inflammatory bioactivities of whole wheat: Rationale, design, and methods of a randomized, controlled, crossover dietary trial in adults with prediabetes 全麦的肠道级抗炎生物活性：糖尿病前期成人随机对照交叉膳食试验的原理、设计和方法。

IF 3.4 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Nutrition Research

Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2024.09.010

Sisi Cao , Jillian T. Pierson , Ariana H. Bond , Shiqi Zhang , Andrew Gold , Huan Zhang , Kaitlyn M. Zamary , Palmer Moats , Matthew D. Teegarden , Devin G. Peterson , Xiaokui Mo , Jiangjiang Zhu , Richard S. Bruno

Randomized controlled trials (RCT) demonstrate that whole wheat consumption improves glycemia. However, substantial inter-individual variation is often observed, highlighting that dietary whole grain recommendations may not support the health of all persons. The objective of this report is to describe the rationale and design of a planned RCT aimed at establishing the gut microbiota and metabolome signatures that predict whole wheat-mediated improvements in glucose tolerance in adults with prediabetes. It is hypothesized that a controlled diet containing wheat bread (WHEAT; 160 g/day) compared with refined bread (WHITE) will improve glucose tolerance in a gut microbiota-mediated manner. Biospecimens will be collected before and after each 2-week study arm. Testing for oral glucose tolerance and gastrointestinal permeability will be performed post-intervention. Assessments will include oral glucose tolerance (primary outcome) and secondary outcomes including gut microbiota, targeted and untargeted metabolomics of fecal and plasma samples, intestinal and host inflammatory responses, and intestinal permeability. WHEAT is predicted to alleviate glucose intolerance by shifting microbiota composition to increase short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria while reducing populations implicated in intestinal inflammation, barrier dysfunction, and systemic endotoxemia. Further, benefits from WHEAT are anticipated to correlate with gut-level and systemic metabolomic responses that can help to explain the expected inter-individual variability in glucose tolerance. Thus, knowledge gained from integrating multi-omic responses associating with glucose tolerance could help to establish a precision nutrition-based framework that can alleviate cardiometabolic risk. This framework could inform novel dietary whole grain recommendations by enhancing our understanding of inter-individual responsiveness to whole grain consumption.

随机对照试验（RCT）表明，食用全麦可改善血糖。然而，个体之间往往存在很大差异，这突出表明全谷物膳食建议可能无法支持所有人的健康。本报告旨在描述一项计划中的 RCT 的原理和设计，该 RCT 旨在确定肠道微生物群和代谢组特征，以预测全麦介导的糖尿病前期成人葡萄糖耐量改善情况。假设与精制面包（白面包）相比，控制饮食中含有小麦面包（WHEAT；160 克/天）将通过肠道微生物群介导的方式改善葡萄糖耐量。将在每个为期两周的研究臂之前和之后采集生物样本。干预后将进行口服葡萄糖耐量和胃肠道渗透性测试。评估将包括口服葡萄糖耐量（主要结果）和次要结果，包括肠道微生物群、粪便和血浆样本的靶向和非靶向代谢组学、肠道和宿主炎症反应以及肠道渗透性。据预测，WHEAT 可通过改变微生物群的组成来增加短链脂肪酸细菌的数量，同时减少与肠道炎症、屏障功能障碍和全身性内毒素血症有关的细菌数量，从而缓解葡萄糖不耐受症。此外，WHEAT 的益处预计与肠道和全身代谢组学反应相关，有助于解释葡萄糖耐量的预期个体间差异。因此，整合与葡萄糖耐量相关的多组反应所获得的知识有助于建立一个基于精准营养的框架，从而减轻心脏代谢风险。通过加强我们对全谷物消费的个体间反应的了解，这一框架可为新的全谷物膳食建议提供依据。

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引用次数: 0

Higher docosahexaenoic acid proportions in blood are inversely associated with the prevalence of prediabetes: Evidence from the UK Biobank 血液中较高的二十二碳六烯酸比例与糖尿病前期的发病率成反比：来自英国生物库的证据。

IF 3.4 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Nutrition Research

Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2024.09.009

Jan Philipp Schuchardt , Andreas Hahn , Theresa Greupner , Nathan L. Tintle , Jason Westra , William S. Harris

Prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus are growing global health concerns, predisposing individuals to various vascular complications. Lifestyle modifications, including dietary interventions, offer promising avenues for prevention and management. Using a multivariable-adjusted model, we analyzed the cross-sectional associations between plasma proportions (% of total fatty acids) of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n3 PUFA, including total n3 PUFA, docosahexaenoic acid [DHA], non-DHA n3 PUFA), and glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) as well as the prevalence of prediabetes in a sample from the UK Biobank cohort. Our hypothesis was that proportions of n3 PUFA, especially DHA, would by inversely associated with the prediabetes prevalence. The sample (n = 92,762; 54.5% females) had an average age of 56 years and was overweight (mean body mass index = 27). The mean plasma DHA proportion in the sample was 2.03% (standard deviation [SD] = 0.67%), non-DHA n3 PUFA was 2.41% (SD = 1.02%) and total n3 PUFA was 4.43% (SD = 1.56%). Prediabetic individuals were identified by blood HbA1c proportions between 5.7% and 6.4% (39-46 mmol/mol) according to American Diabetes Association criteria. Each of the three n3 PUFA biomarkers was inversely associated with HbA1c proportions. In particular, DHA showed the strongest inverse association, with an OR of 0.62 (95% confidence intervals: 0.58, 0.67; P < .001) when comparing quintiles 5 to 1 in a fully adjusted model. These findings suggest a potential protective role of n3 PUFA, particularly DHA, in mitigating the risk of having prediabetes. Further prospective investigations are needed to clarify whether long-chain n3 PUFA could function as modifiable factors for prediabetes.

糖尿病前期和 2 型糖尿病是全球日益关注的健康问题，容易导致各种血管并发症。包括饮食干预在内的生活方式调整为预防和管理提供了前景广阔的途径。利用多变量调整模型，我们分析了英国生物库队列样本中血浆中欧米伽-3 多不饱和脂肪酸（n3 PUFA，包括总 n3 PUFA、二十二碳六烯酸 [DHA]、非 DHA n3 PUFA）的比例（占总脂肪酸的百分比）与糖化血红蛋白 A1c (HbA1c) 以及糖尿病前期患病率之间的横断面关联。我们的假设是，n3 PUFA（尤其是 DHA）的比例与糖尿病前期患病率成反比。样本（n = 92,762; 54.5% 为女性）的平均年龄为 56 岁，体重超重（平均体重指数 = 27）。样本血浆中 DHA 的平均比例为 2.03%（标准差 [SD] = 0.67%），非 DHA n3 PUFA 为 2.41%（标准差 = 1.02%），n3 PUFA 总量为 4.43%（标准差 = 1.56%）。根据美国糖尿病协会的标准，血 HbA1c 的比例在 5.7% 和 6.4% 之间（39-46 mmol/mol），即可确定为糖尿病前期患者。三种 n3 PUFA 生物标记物中的每一种都与 HbA1c 比例成反比关系。其中，DHA 的反相关性最强，在完全调整模型中将五分位数 5 与 1 进行比较，其 OR 值为 0.62（95% 置信区间：0.58，0.67；P < .001）。这些研究结果表明，n3 PUFA（尤其是 DHA）在降低糖尿病前期风险方面具有潜在的保护作用。我们需要进一步开展前瞻性研究，以明确长链 n3 PUFA 是否可作为糖尿病前期的可调节因素。

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引用次数: 0

A matter of the metric? Sugar content overestimation is less pronounced in sugar cubes versus grams 计量单位的问题？方糖与克糖相比，糖含量被高估的情况不那么明显。

IF 3.4 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Nutrition Research

Pub Date : 2024-09-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2024.09.007

Laura M. König , Harald T. Schupp , Britta Renner

To make healthy food choices, consumers need to be aware of the sugar content of foods. Units act as an environmental cue that might influence sugar content estimation accuracy. The present study (1) tested whether estimations of sugar content are more accurate in sugar cubes vs grams, (2) compared accuracy of sugar content to estimations of the foods’ weight and energy content, and (3) investigated gender, education, and body mass index as potential correlates. A sample of 886 adults was randomly assigned to estimating the sugar content of 10 common foods in grams or cubes. Estimations of sugar content diverged considerably from actual values in both groups (0.22 ≤ Cohen's ds_gram_s ≤ 1.20; 0.20 ≤ Cohen's ds_cubes ≤ 1.10), but were more pronounced for sugar content estimations in grams in 7 out of 10 foods (ts ≥ 4.04, Ps < .001, Cohen's ds ≥ 0.14). Sugar content misestimation was somewhat more pronounced than misestimation of weight (0.05 ≤ Cohen's ds ≤ 1.43) and energy content (0.04 ≤ Cohen's ds ≤ 1.19). Relationships between sugar content misestimation and gender (0.00 ≤ Cohen's ds ≤ 0.33), education (–0.07 ≤ r ≤ 0.11), and body mass index (–0.08 ≤ r ≤ 0.06) were mostly negligible. Although sugar content estimations were somewhat more accurate in sugar cubes vs grams, estimation accuracy is generally low. In addition to promoting consumers’ knowledge through labeling and education, additional avenues for interventions might need to be explored for sizeable effects on food choices.

为了选择健康的食品，消费者需要了解食品的含糖量。单位作为一种环境线索，可能会影响糖含量估计的准确性。本研究(1)测试了以方糖为单位与以克为单位估算糖含量是否更准确；(2)比较了糖含量的准确性与食品重量和能量含量的估算；(3)调查了性别、教育程度和体重指数的潜在相关性。对 886 名成年人进行随机抽样，以克或立方为单位估算 10 种常见食物的含糖量。两组人的糖含量估计值与实际值相差很大（0.22 ≤ Cohen's dsgrams ≤ 1.20；0.20 ≤ Cohen's dscubes ≤ 1.10），但在 10 种食物中有 7 种食物的糖含量估计值以克为单位更为明显（ts ≥ 4.04，Ps < .001，Cohen's ds ≥ 0.14）。糖含量误测比重量误测（0.05 ≤ Cohen's ds ≤ 1.43）和能量误测（0.04 ≤ Cohen's ds ≤ 1.19）更明显。糖含量估计错误与性别（0.00 ≤ Cohen's ds ≤ 0.33）、教育程度（-0.07 ≤ r ≤ 0.11）和体重指数（-0.08 ≤ r ≤ 0.06）之间的关系大多可以忽略不计。虽然方糖与克糖的含糖量估计准确度略高，但估计准确度普遍较低。除了通过标签和教育提高消费者的知识水平外，可能还需要探索更多的干预途径，才能对食品选择产生显著效果。

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引用次数: 0

The high-fat diet and low-dose streptozotocin type-2 diabetes model induces hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance in male but not female C57BL/6J mice 高脂饮食和低剂量链脲佐菌素 2 型糖尿病模型可诱导雄性 C57BL/6J 小鼠产生高胰岛素血症和胰岛素抵抗，但不会诱导雌性 C57BL/6J 小鼠产生高胰岛素血症和胰岛素抵抗。

IF 3.4 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Nutrition Research

Pub Date : 2024-09-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2024.09.008

Kathryn C. Racine , Lisard Iglesias-Carres , Jacob A. Herring , Kristopher L. Wieland , Peter N. Ellsworth , Jeffery S. Tessem , Mario G. Ferruzzi , Colin D. Kay , Andrew P. Neilson

Translation of preclinical findings on the efficacy of dietary interventions for metabolic disease to human clinical studies is challenging due to the predominant use of male rodents in animal research. Our objective was to evaluate a combined high-fat (HF) diet and low-dose streptozotocin (STZ) model for induction of type-2 diabetes (T2D) in male and female C57BL/6J mice. We hypothesized that T2D biomarkers would differ significantly between sexes. Mice were administered either a low-fat (LF) diet (10% kcal from fat), or HF diet (60% kcal from fat) + STZ injections (30 mg/kg/d for 3 days). Both sexes gained weight and developed impaired postprandial oral glucose tolerance on the HF+STZ treatment compared to LF. Only male mice on HF + STZ developed fasting hyperglycemia, fasting hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance, suggesting that the underlying causes of postprandial hyperglycemia differed between sexes. Principal component analysis of measures such as body weights, glucose and insulin concentrations indicated metabolic derangement for males only on HF+STZ treatment, while LF group males and both groups of females significantly overlapped. Based on our data, we accept our hypothesis that the combined high-fat diet and low-dose STZ model for T2D phenotypes differs significantly in its effect on mice based on sex. The HF diet + low-dose STZ model is not useful for studying insulin resistance in females. Other models are needed to model T2D, and study the effects of dietary interventions in this disease, in females. Sexual dimorphism remains a significant challenge for both preclinical and clinical research.

由于动物研究主要使用雄性啮齿类动物，因此将饮食干预代谢疾病疗效的临床前研究结果转化为人类临床研究具有挑战性。我们的目的是评估高脂（HF）饮食和低剂量链脲佐菌素（STZ）联合模型在雄性和雌性 C57BL/6J 小鼠中诱导 2 型糖尿病（T2D）的效果。我们假设不同性别小鼠的 T2D 生物标志物会有显著差异。我们给小鼠喂食低脂（LF）饮食（10% 千卡热量来自脂肪）或高脂饮食（60% 千卡热量来自脂肪）+ STZ 注射（30 毫克/千克/天，连续 3 天）。与LF相比，HF+STZ处理的雌雄小鼠体重都有所增加，并出现餐后口服葡萄糖耐量受损。只有雄性小鼠在接受HF+STZ治疗后出现空腹高血糖、空腹高胰岛素血症和胰岛素抵抗，这表明不同性别小鼠餐后高血糖的根本原因不同。对体重、血糖和胰岛素浓度等指标的主成分分析表明，只有接受高频+STZ治疗的男性出现了代谢紊乱，而低频组男性和两组女性的代谢紊乱情况明显重叠。根据我们的数据，我们同意我们的假设，即高脂饮食和低剂量 STZ 联合治疗 T2D 表型模型对小鼠的影响因性别而有显著差异。高脂饮食+低剂量 STZ 模型对研究雌性小鼠的胰岛素抵抗没有帮助。需要其他模型来模拟雌性 T2D，并研究饮食干预对该疾病的影响。性别二形性仍然是临床前和临床研究的一个重大挑战。

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引用次数: 0