Nutrition Research最新文献_第2页

Low-digestible glucans promote rapid recovery from 5-fluorouracil-induced small intestinal villous atrophy while enhancing glucagon-like peptide-2 secretion in rats 低消化葡聚糖促进5-氟尿嘧啶诱导的大鼠小肠绒毛萎缩的快速恢复，同时增加胰高血糖素样肽-2的分泌

IF 3.1 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Nutrition Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2025.12.009

Rikako Nishina , Shingo Hino , Chikara Kato , Naomichi Nishimura

Small intestinal villous atrophy, a frequent complication of cancer chemotherapy, impairs nutrient absorption and worsens participant quality of life. Although the glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) analog teduglutide can promote villus regeneration, its clinical application is limited. We hypothesized that dietary low-digestible glucans (LDGs) would enhance GLP-2 secretion and accelerate mucosal recovery. This study evaluated whether LDGs stimulate GLP-2 secretion and facilitate recovery from 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced villous atrophy in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with 5-FU to induce villous atrophy, followed by diets containing resistant maltodextrin (RMD) or isomaltodextrin as LDGs. Portal GLP-2 concentrations, small intestinal villus height, maltase activity, and cecal short-chain fatty acid concentrations were assessed at 3 and 6 days after LDG supplementation. LDG supplementation significantly increased portal GLP-2 concentrations and accelerated recovery of villus height in the small intestine, especially in the ileum, compared with controls. Notably, villus height in the RMD group recovered within 3 days, whereas 6 days were required in controls. Both RMD and isomaltodextrin increased cecal tissue weight, and LDGs induced only a transient reduction in cecal acetate concentration. However, when 5-FU was administered concurrently, LDGs did not promote villus recovery, suggesting that their effect requires preserved epithelial proliferative capacity. In summary, LDGs promote rapid recovery of small intestinal villi after chemotherapy-induced injury, possibly through enhanced GLP-2 secretion. Dietary LDGs may offer a novel nutritional intervention to support mucosal recovery in participants undergoing cancer chemotherapy.

小肠绒毛萎缩，癌症化疗的常见并发症，损害营养吸收和恶化参与者的生活质量。胰高血糖素样肽-2 （GLP-2）类似物特杜葡肽虽能促进绒毛再生，但其临床应用有限。我们假设饮食中的低消化葡聚糖（LDGs）会促进GLP-2的分泌，加速粘膜的恢复。本研究评估LDGs是否刺激GLP-2分泌并促进5-氟尿嘧啶（5-FU）诱导的大鼠绒毛萎缩的恢复。雄性sd - dawley大鼠用5-FU诱导绒毛萎缩，然后用含有抗性麦芽糊精（RMD）或异麦芽糊精作为LDGs的饮食。在补充LDG后3和6天评估门脉GLP-2浓度、小肠绒毛高度、麦芽糖酶活性和盲肠短链脂肪酸浓度。与对照组相比，添加LDG显著增加了小肠门脉GLP-2浓度，加速了小肠（尤其是回肠）绒毛高度的恢复。值得注意的是，RMD组的绒毛高度在3天内恢复，而对照组则需要6天。RMD和异麦芽糖糊精均增加盲肠组织重量，而LDGs仅引起盲肠乙酸浓度的短暂降低。然而，当5-FU同时给药时，LDGs并没有促进绒毛恢复，这表明它们的作用需要保留上皮细胞的增殖能力。综上所述，LDGs可能通过增强GLP-2分泌来促进化疗损伤后小肠绒毛的快速恢复。膳食LDGs可能提供一种新的营养干预来支持接受癌症化疗的参与者的粘膜恢复。

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引用次数: 0

Feasibility of a randomized clinical trial comparing 5-methyltetrahydrofolate and folic acid prenatal multivitamins in couples with recurrent pregnancy loss 一项比较5-甲基四氢叶酸和叶酸产前复合维生素在复发性流产夫妇中的可行性的随机临床试验

IF 3.1 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Nutrition Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2025.12.008

Carolyn Ledowsky , Vanessa Scarf , Kris Rogers , Amie Steel

To assess the feasibility of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) comparing 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF) and folic acid (FA) in couples with recurrent pregnancy loss. Pregnancy loss affects up to 15% of pregnancies, with over half of cases remaining unexplained. Emerging evidence suggests that folate metabolism, particularly in individuals carrying methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase polymorphisms such as C677T and A1298C variants, may influence reproductive outcomes. A double-blind, RCT feasibility trial was conducted in Australia with 22 reproductive dyads randomized to receive either 5-MTHF or FA prenatal multivitamins. Participants adhered to dietary restrictions, abstained from conception for two cycles, and completed regular assessments. Primary outcomes included feasibility, adherence, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy based on biochemical markers and pregnancy outcomes. The trial demonstrated high acceptability (86% in arm A [MTHF-A] and 94% in arm B [FA-B]) and adherence rates for supplement use over 78% in each arm. Unmetabolized FA concentration decreased in the 5-MTHF group but rose significantly in the FA group. A critical finding was the degradation of 5-MTHF in retained samples, highlighting formulation instability as a confounder. A fully online RCT comparing 5-MTHF and FA is feasible. Future trials should address formulation stability and expand sample size to evaluate clinical efficacy and personalized folate strategies.

评估一项比较5-甲基四氢叶酸（5-MTHF）和叶酸（FA）在复发性流产夫妇中的可行性的随机对照试验（RCT）。妊娠丢失影响到多达15%的妊娠，超过一半的病例仍然无法解释。新出现的证据表明，叶酸代谢，特别是携带亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶多态性（如C677T和A1298C变体）的个体，可能影响生殖结果。在澳大利亚进行了一项双盲，随机对照试验可行性试验，22对生殖双体随机接受5-MTHF或FA产前复合维生素。参与者坚持饮食限制，避免怀孕两个周期，并完成定期评估。主要结局包括可行性、依从性、可接受性和基于生化指标和妊娠结局的初步疗效。该试验显示出较高的可接受性（A组86% [MTHF-A]， B组94% [FA-B]），两组补充剂使用的依从率均超过78%。5-MTHF组未代谢FA浓度降低，FA组显著升高。一个关键的发现是保留样品中5-MTHF的降解，突出了配方不稳定性作为一个混杂因素。比较5-MTHF和FA的完全在线RCT是可行的。未来的试验应解决配方稳定性和扩大样本量，以评估临床疗效和个性化叶酸策略。

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引用次数: 0

AI in nutrition: multi-criteria analysis of diet plans across diverse client profiles 营养中的人工智能：对不同客户的饮食计划进行多标准分析

IF 3.1 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Nutrition Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2025.12.006

Adem Erik , Sakhi Mohammad Hamidy , Hilal Karamancıoğlu , Büşra Nur Küçük Kırtıklı

The advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies has resulted in the proliferation of novel applications in various fields, including nutrition. One of the most notable applications involves AI-generated and guided diet plans. The present study evaluates diet plans generated by various AI tools (e.g., ChatGPT, Gemini, DeepSeek, etc.) for individuals with different health profiles using a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) framework. A series of authentic client scenarios were formulated on the basis of anonymized clinical cases that had been provided by a registered dietitian. These scenarios incorporated medical history, lifestyle habits, dietary patterns, and other relevant factors. For each client's profile, a set of standardized prompts were submitted to different AI tools to generate comparable diet plans. The resulting diet plans were evaluated based on several main and sub-criteria, including appropriateness, feasibility, nutritional adequacy, degree of personalization, ethical compliance, reproducibility, and linguistic clarity. The evaluation employed MCDM methods, namely LBWA for weighting, COPRAS, and PROMETHEE-I/II for ranking. The findings indicate that GPTPLUS demonstrated the highest overall ranking; DeepSeek exhibited consistent second-tier performance; and mid-tier models (GPT-4.0, GPT-4.5, Grook3) exchanged positions depending on the scenario and method. The results at the criterion level were found to be aligned with clinical priorities. Moreover, Claude's refusal to formulate a dietary plan for a client under the age of 18 indicates a paucity of standardized ethical guidelines governing the utilization of AI tools. The findings emphasize the potential of AI as a supportive tool in healthcare services, while concurrently addressing ethical considerations and practical limitations.

人工智能（AI）技术的进步导致了包括营养在内的各个领域的新应用激增。最引人注目的应用之一是人工智能生成和指导的饮食计划。本研究使用多标准决策（MCDM）框架评估了各种人工智能工具（如ChatGPT、Gemini、DeepSeek等）为不同健康状况的个人生成的饮食计划。在注册营养师提供的匿名临床病例的基础上，制定了一系列真实的客户场景。这些情况包括病史、生活习惯、饮食模式和其他相关因素。对于每个客户的个人资料，一组标准化的提示被提交给不同的人工智能工具，以生成可比的饮食计划。根据适当性、可行性、营养充足性、个性化程度、道德遵从性、可重复性和语言清晰度等几个主要和次要标准对所得饮食计划进行评估。评价采用MCDM方法，即LBWA法加权，COPRAS法排序，promehee - i /II法排序。结果表明，GPTPLUS综合排名最高；DeepSeek表现出一致的二级性能；中级模型（GPT-4.0, GPT-4.5, grok3）根据场景和方法交换位置。在标准水平上的结果被发现与临床优先级一致。此外，克劳德拒绝为18岁以下的客户制定饮食计划，表明缺乏规范人工智能工具使用的标准化道德准则。研究结果强调了人工智能作为医疗保健服务支持工具的潜力，同时解决了伦理考虑和实际限制。

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引用次数: 0

Moderate intake of bitter foods is associated with lower risk of type 2 diabetes: A secondary analysis of the 2011-12 National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey 适度摄入苦味食物与2型糖尿病风险降低有关：2011-12年全国营养和体育活动调查的二次分析

IF 3.1 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Nutrition Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2025.12.007

Maedeh Moradi , Zinat Mohammadpour , Gilly A. Hendrie , Paige G. Brooker , Leonie K. Heilbronn , Jessica A. Grieger

The sensory properties of food are increasingly recognized for their potential role in regulating blood glucose and cardiometabolic risk factors. This cross-sectional secondary analysis of the 2011–2012 National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey (NNPAS) aimed to examine the association between dietary bitterness and cardiometabolic risk in Australian adults aged ≥19 years. We hypothesize that higher food and beverage bitterness scores might be associated with lower risk of cardiometabolic risk factors. The study used data from 8975 participants; 225 (∼2%) of the population had type 2 diabetes. Dietary bitterness was calculated as a “bitterness score” by multiplying sensory panel–assigned bitter taste values (from the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Sensory Diet Database) by the grams of each item consumed, and then summing these values separately for solid foods and for beverages within the NNPAS. Differences across dietary bitterness tertiles were assessed using analysis of variance for continuous variables and chi-squared tests for categorical variables. Multinomial logistic regression was used to assess the association between tertiles of bitterness score and cardiometabolic outcomes, including type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, and blood pressure. Participants in the second tertile, but not the highest tertile of bitterness score from foods had lower risk of type 2 diabetes, as defined by fasting plasma glucose (relative risk ratio [RRR] = 0.30; 95% confidence intervals [CI], 0.15–0.60), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (RRR = 0.43; 95% CI, 0.25–0.75) compared to the lowest tertile. No significant associations were observed between bitterness scores derived from beverages and cardiometabolic risk factors. Consumption of foods with a medium bitterness score was inversely associated with type 2 diabetes risk in Australian adults and may have potential to be included in diabetes prevention efforts.

人们越来越认识到食物的感官特性在调节血糖和心脏代谢危险因素方面的潜在作用。这项对2011-2012年全国营养和身体活动调查（NNPAS）的横断面二次分析旨在研究年龄≥19岁的澳大利亚成年人饮食苦味与心脏代谢风险之间的关系。我们假设较高的食物和饮料苦味评分可能与较低的心脏代谢风险因素相关。该研究使用了8975名参与者的数据；225人（约2%）患有2型糖尿病。通过将感官小组指定的苦味值（来自英联邦科学与工业研究组织的感官饮食数据库）乘以所消耗的每种食物的克数，然后将NNPAS中固体食物和饮料的这些值分别相加，计算出饮食苦味的“苦味分数”。使用连续变量的方差分析和分类变量的卡方检验来评估不同饮食苦味成分的差异。使用多项逻辑回归来评估苦味分位数与心脏代谢结局（包括2型糖尿病、血脂异常和血压）之间的关系。第二组的参与者，但不是食物苦味评分最高的一组，与最低一组相比，空腹血糖（相对风险比[RRR] = 0.30； 95%可信区间[CI]， 0.15-0.60）和糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）（RRR = 0.43; 95% CI, 0.25-0.75）患2型糖尿病的风险较低。从饮料中获得的苦味评分与心脏代谢危险因素之间没有明显的关联。在澳大利亚成年人中，食用中等苦味的食物与患2型糖尿病的风险呈负相关，可能有可能被纳入糖尿病预防工作中。

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引用次数: 0

Moderate dietary intake of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids is associated with reduced all-cause mortality in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease 饮食中适量摄入omega-3多不饱和脂肪酸可降低代谢功能障碍相关脂肪变性肝病的全因死亡率

IF 3.1 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Nutrition Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2025.12.005

Ye Liu , Chong Geng , Yaoyu Guo , Xiaoxi Xie , Yanni Li , Xiao Li , Chunhui Wang

Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) can ameliorate multiple pathological alterations in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). However, their associations with mortality and optimal intake in MASLD remain unclear. We hypothesized that moderate dietary intake of n-3 PUFAs is associated with reduced all-cause mortality in MASLD. This study included 6367 individuals with MASLD from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2018 to investigate these associations and determine the optimal intake. N-3 PUFAs intake was assessed using 24-hour dietary recalls. The association between n-3 PUFAs and mortality was evaluated using multivariable Cox regression and restricted cubic spline (RCS). The threshold effect was identified using piecewise regression with likelihood ratio tests. Cox regression indicated that a moderate dietary intake of n-3 PUFAs was significantly associated with reduced all-cause mortality in patients with MASLD. RCS analysis revealed a nonlinear, L-shaped relationship between them (P _overall < .0001; P _nonlinear = .0006), with an inflection point at 2.14 g/day. This value may be the optimal intake of n-3 PUFAs. Overall, moderate intake of n-3 PUFAs is associated with improved long-term survival in patients with MASLD, with an optimal intake of approximately 2.14 g/day.

Omega-3多不饱和脂肪酸（n-3 PUFAs）可以改善代谢功能障碍相关脂肪变性肝病（MASLD）的多种病理改变。然而，它们与MASLD患者死亡率和最佳摄入量的关系尚不清楚。我们假设饮食中适量摄入n-3 PUFAs与降低MASLD的全因死亡率有关。该研究包括1999-2018年国家健康和营养检查调查中的6367名MASLD患者，以调查这些关联并确定最佳摄入量。采用24小时饮食回顾法评估N-3 PUFAs摄入量。使用多变量Cox回归和限制性三次样条（RCS）评估n-3 PUFAs与死亡率之间的关系。采用分段回归和似然比检验确定阈值效应。Cox回归表明，饮食中适量摄入n-3 PUFAs与降低MASLD患者的全因死亡率显著相关。RCS分析显示两者之间呈非线性l型关系（P overall < .0001; P nonlinear = .0006），拐点为2.14 g/day。这个值可能是n-3 PUFAs的最佳摄入量。总体而言，适量摄入n-3 PUFAs可改善MASLD患者的长期生存，最佳摄入量约为2.14 g/天。

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引用次数: 0

Potential ergogenic aid of capsaicinoid or capsinoids in healthy adults: a systematic review with meta-analysis 辣椒素或辣椒素对健康成人潜在的促角作用：一项荟萃分析的系统综述

IF 3.1 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Nutrition Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2025.12.004

Giovanni Henrique Quizzini , Jessenia Marise Sales Campos , Flavio Antonio de Sousa Nunes , Priscila Almeida Queiroz Rossi , Emilia Zawieja , Nelo Eidy Zanchi , Lucas Melo Neves , Fabricio Eduardo Rossi

Capsaicinoids and capsinoids (CAP) have been proposed as ergogenic aids, with mechanisms suggesting benefits for resistance or aerobic exercise performance. The objective of this systematic review with meta-analysis was to verify the effects of CAP on resistance or aerobic exercise performance in healthy adults, and to explore potential variables influencing these outcomes. We hypothesize that CAP supplementation may acutely and chronically improve aerobic and resistance performance in adults. This review followed PRISMA guidelines and was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023460579). Searches were conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and SPORTDiscus. Eligible studies included healthy adults (18-59 years) receiving acute or chronic CAP supplementation with resistance or aerobic exercise, reporting outcomes on aerobic exercise performance (time trial or time to exhaustion), resistance exercise performance (total volume load or repetitions to failure), and rating of perceived exertion (RPE). Meta-analysis showed improvements in acute resistance exercise performance (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.198; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.083-0.313; P = .001), and acute aerobic exercise performance, where CAP improved time-to-exhaustion (SMD = 0.487; 95% CI = 0.089-0.885; P = .016) but without overall effect (SMD = 0.055; 95% CI = −0.128 to 0.238; P = .554). For RPE, there was a significant reduction for overall effect (SMD = −0.183; 95% CI = −0.318 to −0.047; P = .008). Three chronic resistance training studies were identified, with one showing increased strength. Two chronic aerobic studies were included, but neither improved. In conclusion, acute CAP supplementation may enhance resistance exercise performance and time-to-exhaustion during acute aerobic exercise, while lowering RPE, but chronic effects are limited.

辣椒素和辣椒素（Capsaicinoids and capsinoids， CAP）被认为是一种促氧助剂，其机制表明其对抵抗或有氧运动表现有好处。本系统综述的meta分析目的是验证CAP对健康成人阻力或有氧运动表现的影响，并探讨影响这些结果的潜在变量。我们假设补充CAP可能会急性和慢性地改善成人的有氧和阻力表现。该综述遵循PRISMA指南，并在PROSPERO注册（CRD42023460579）。在PubMed， Web of Science， Embase和SPORTDiscus中进行了搜索。符合条件的研究包括健康成人（18-59岁），接受急性或慢性CAP补充阻力或有氧运动，报告有氧运动表现（计时或疲劳时间）、阻力运动表现（总容量负荷或重复次数至失败）和感知运动评分（RPE）的结果。meta分析显示急性阻力运动表现改善(标准化平均差[SMD] = 0.198； 95%可信区间(CI) = 0.083-0.313；P = .001)和急性有氧运动表现，CAP改善了疲劳时间（SMD = 0.487; 95% CI = 0.089-0.885; P = 0.016），但没有整体效果（SMD = 0.055; 95% CI = - 0.128 - 0.238; P = .554）。对于RPE，总体效果显著降低（SMD = - 0.183; 95% CI = - 0.318至- 0.047;P = 0.008）。三项慢性阻力训练研究被确认，其中一项显示力量增加。包括两项慢性有氧研究，但都没有改善。综上所述，急性补充CAP可以提高急性有氧运动中的阻力运动表现和疲劳时间，同时降低RPE，但慢性效应有限。

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引用次数: 0

Dietary vitamins A and K are inversely associated with visceral adiposity in US adults: NHANES 2011–2018 膳食维生素A和K与美国成年人内脏肥胖呈负相关：NHANES 2011-2018

IF 3.1 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Nutrition Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2025.12.001

Tatei Haramara Colmenares Villa , Guadalupe Ruiz-Vivanco , Leonardo M. Porchia , Enrique Torres-Rasgado , Esther López-Bayghen , M. Elba Gonzalez-Mejia

Excess visceral adipose tissue (VAT) poses a growing global health concern, impacting adults across all obesity classes. While some nutrients have been linked to lower abdominal fat, the broader relationship between overall nutrient intake and VAT remains unclear. This cross-sectional study examined the correlations between dietary nutrient intake and VAT area among US adults. Data were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2011–2018). Participants aged 18–65 years without major pathologies were included. VAT area (cm²) was determined using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, with ≥100 cm² defined as VAT obese (VatOB). Nutrient data were derived from 24-hour dietary recall interviews. Associations between nutrient intake and VAT were evaluated using complex-sample linear regression and Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression. Among the 6526 participants (n_weighted=68,060,478), 36.5% were VatOB. Linear regression confirmed positive correlations between VAT and carbohydrate, total fat, and sodium intake. Interestingly, the less stringent LASSO model not only confirmed these correlations but also identified inverse correlations with potassium, magnesium, vitamins A, C, B₁, E, and K. However, the more stringent LASSO model found that only vitamins A and K maintained significant correlations with VAT after accounting for energy intake and macronutrient variables. In summary, VAT was positively correlated with higher intakes of carbohydrates, fat, and sodium, and inversely correlated with several micronutrients—most consistently with vitamins A and K. These results reflect nutrient–VAT associations, for which further longitudinal studies are needed to determine whether nutrient intake causally influences VAT accumulation.

内脏脂肪组织（VAT）过剩是一个日益严重的全球健康问题，影响着所有肥胖类别的成年人。虽然一些营养物质与下腹部脂肪有关，但总体营养摄入与VAT之间的更广泛关系尚不清楚。这项横断面研究调查了美国成年人膳食营养摄入量与VAT面积之间的关系。数据来源于2011-2018年全国健康与营养检查调查。参与者年龄在18-65岁之间，无重大疾病。采用双能x线吸收仪测定VAT面积（cm2），≥100 cm2定义为VAT肥胖（VatOB）。营养数据来自24小时饮食回忆访谈。使用复杂样本线性回归和最小绝对收缩和选择算子（LASSO）回归来评估营养摄入量和VAT之间的关系。在6526名参与者（加权=68,060,478）中，36.5%为VatOB。线性回归证实VAT与碳水化合物、总脂肪和钠摄入量呈正相关。有趣的是，不太严格的LASSO模型不仅证实了这些相关性，还发现了钾、镁、维生素A、C、B1、E和K之间的负相关关系。然而，更严格的LASSO模型发现，在考虑了能量摄入和常量营养素变量后，只有维生素A和K与VAT保持显著相关性。总之，VAT与碳水化合物、脂肪和钠的高摄入量呈正相关，与几种微量营养素（最一致的是维生素A和k）呈负相关。这些结果反映了营养素与VAT之间的关系，因此需要进一步的纵向研究来确定营养摄入是否会影响VAT积累。

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引用次数: 0

Association between dairy consumption and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease among Korean adults: Evidence from the prospective health examinees cohort 韩国成年人乳制品消费与代谢功能障碍相关的脂肪变性肝病之间的关系：来自前瞻性健康检查队列的证据

IF 3.1 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Nutrition Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2025.10.008

Wuttyi Khaing, Uyangamaa Nyamsuren, Sangah Shin

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) has emerged as a salient public health concern. Dietary factors, including dairy intake, have been identified as potential risk factors; however, evidence in Asian populations remains limited. This prospective cohort study aimed to examine the association between dairy product consumption and MASLD risk among Korean adults using data from the Health Examinees study. A total of 44,471 participants aged 40-69 years and without any liver disease at baseline were included. Dairy intake for milk, yogurt, and cheese was evaluated using a validated food frequency questionnaire. MASLD was defined by the fatty liver index (FLI) ≥60. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI), with adjustments for sociodemographic, lifestyle, and dietary factors. During an average follow-up of 4.5 years, 760 incident MASLD cases occurred in men and 786 in women. Higher total dairy consumption was associated with a lower risk of MASLD in men. Specifically, those with the highest intake of milk and yogurt had a significantly lower risk compared to those with the lowest intake (total dairy consumption, HR 0.79 [95% CI 0.61-0.98]; milk, HR 0.74 [95% CI 0.57-0.96]; yogurt, HR 0.79 [95% CI 0.64-0.97]). No significant associations were observed for cheese consumption or among women. These findings indicate a potential inverse association between milk and yogurt intake and MASLD risk in Korean men, but not in women, suggesting sex-specific dietary influences on liver health. Given the observational design, causal inference cannot be made.

代谢功能障碍相关的脂肪变性肝病（MASLD）已成为一个突出的公共卫生问题。饮食因素，包括乳制品的摄入，已被确定为潜在的风险因素；然而，在亚洲人群中的证据仍然有限。本前瞻性队列研究旨在利用健康体检者研究的数据，研究韩国成年人乳制品消费与MASLD风险之间的关系。共有44,471名参与者，年龄在40-69岁之间，基线时没有任何肝脏疾病。使用经过验证的食物频率问卷评估牛奶、酸奶和奶酪的乳制品摄入量。脂肪肝指数(FLI)≥60定义为MASLD。Cox比例风险模型用于估计风险比（HR）和95%置信区间（CI），并对社会人口统计学、生活方式和饮食因素进行调整。在平均4.5年的随访期间，男性发生760例MASLD，女性发生786例。较高的乳制品总消费量与较低的男性MASLD风险相关。具体来说，与摄入量最低的人相比，牛奶和酸奶摄入量最高的人患乳腺癌的风险明显更低（总乳制品摄入量，风险比0.79 [95% CI 0.61-0.98]；牛奶，风险比0.74 [95% CI 0.57-0.96]；酸奶，风险比0.79 [95% CI 0.64-0.97]）。没有观察到奶酪摄入量或女性之间的显著关联。这些发现表明，在韩国男性中，牛奶和酸奶摄入量与MASLD风险之间存在潜在的负相关，但在女性中没有，这表明性别特异性饮食对肝脏健康的影响。鉴于观察设计，不能做出因果推理。

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引用次数: 0

Editorial office and Board Members 编辑部和董事会成员

IF 3.1 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Nutrition Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0271-5317(25)00149-6

引用次数: 0

Weight cycling in women: A challenge for cardiometabolic health, not for brown fat 女性体重循环：对心脏代谢健康的挑战，不是对棕色脂肪的挑战。

IF 3.1 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Nutrition Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2025.11.003

Laura Ramos Gonçalves Gomes , Isabela Solar , Maria Eduarda Martelli , Vinícius Ferreira Santos , Lício Augusto Velloso , Bruno Geloneze , Ana Carolina Junqueira Vasques

Body weight cycling (BWC) consists of repeated episodes of intentional weight loss followed by unintentional regain, which has been associated with adverse metabolic and body composition changes. In animal models, reduced energy expenditure may also contribute to brown adipose tissue (BAT) loss. Thus, we hypothesize that BWC in humans associates with reduced BAT activity. We explored associations between BWC, cold-induced BAT activity and cardiometabolic health. This cross-sectional study included 121 women (aged 20-41 years; body mass index: 18.9-52.3 kg/m²). Participants were classified as noncyclers or cyclers based on self-reported BWC history (≥3 episodes of intentional weight loss and regain of ≥4.5 kg over the past 4 years). Anthropometric and biochemical parameters were assessed, and visceral adipose tissue and body fat percentages (%BF) were evaluated using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). BAT activity was assessed using infrared thermography of the supraclavicular region at 15-minute intervals over a 2-hour period, and the maximum temperature reached during cold exposure was considered as BAT activity parameter. A total of 92 participants were classified as cyclers, exhibiting higher body adiposity and a more unfavorable metabolic profile than noncyclers. BWC emerged as a negative predictor of BAT activity (β = −0.34; P = .008), but this effect was completely mediated by %BF, rendering the direct association nonsignificant (β = −0.086; P = .539). These findings suggest the effect of BWC history on BAT activity was fully mediated by %BF. Clinically, this implies that therapies targeting BAT activity should also address overall adiposity in individuals with obesity, irrespective of prior weight-cycling history.

体重循环（Body weight cycle， BWC）由反复发作的有意减肥和随后的无意反弹组成，这与不利的代谢和身体成分变化有关。在动物模型中，能量消耗的减少也可能导致棕色脂肪组织（BAT）的损失。因此，我们假设人类BWC与BAT活性降低有关。我们探讨了BWC、冷诱导的BAT活性和心脏代谢健康之间的关系。这项横断面研究包括121名女性（年龄20-41岁，体重指数：18.9-52.3 kg/m²）。参与者根据自我报告的体重史（过去4年内有意减重≥3次，体重反弹≥4.5 kg）被分为非骑自行车者和骑自行车者。评估人体测量和生化参数，并使用双能x线吸收仪（DXA）评估内脏脂肪组织和体脂百分比（%BF）。在2小时的时间内，每隔15分钟对锁骨上区域进行红外热像仪评估BAT活性，并以冷暴露时达到的最高温度作为BAT活性参数。共有92名参与者被归类为骑自行车者，与不骑自行车者相比，他们表现出更高的身体脂肪和更不利的代谢状况。BWC是BAT活性的负向预测因子（β = -0.34; P = 0.008），但这种影响完全由%BF介导，因此直接关联不显著（β = -0.086; P = 0.539）。这些结果表明，BWC史对BAT活性的影响完全由%BF介导。在临床上，这意味着针对BAT活性的治疗也应该针对肥胖个体的整体肥胖，而不考虑先前的体重循环史。

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