Nutrition Research最新文献_第6页

Redox state is similar in subjects following omnivorous, vegan, vegetarian, and low-carbohydrate high-fat diet 杂食、纯素、素食和低碳水化合物高脂肪饮食的受试者氧化还原状态相似

IF 3.1 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Nutrition Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2025.10.007

Nives Bogataj Jontez, Karin Šik Novak, Zala Jenko Pražnikar, Ana Petelin, Nina Mohorko, Saša Kenig

Age-related noncommunicable diseases are a major health burden in developed countries, with oxidative stress being a key contributing factor. This cross-sectional study aimed to test the hypothesis that redox status among 88 participants with a particular interest in nutrition and habitually following 4 popular dietary patterns (vegan, vegetarian, low-carbohydrate high-fat, and omnivorous), is similar, but correlates with diet quality. Dietary intake was assessed using food diaries, and venous blood samples were collected to measure serum total antioxidative capacity (TAC), bilirubin, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD⁺)/reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) ratio, and sirtuin 1 concentration, and the expression of antioxidative enzymes in leukocytes. TAC and the NAD⁺/NADH ratio were higher in the vegan group compared with the vegetarian group, whereas bilirubin concentration was higher in the omnivorous compared with the low-carbohydrate high-fat group. Other differences between the dietary groups were not significant. NAD⁺/NADH ratio and sirtuin 1 were positively correlated with diet quality, assessed with the Healthy Eating Index. Correlation analysis between dietary variables and redox markers revealed only a few weak to moderate associations. However, a hierarchical regression model including age, gender, and dietary variables explained 19.8% of the variance in TAC, 21.2% of the variance in the NAD⁺/NADH ratio, and 44.3% of the variance in sirtuin 1 concentration. Therefore, in healthy, relatively young participants with appropriate energy intakes, endogenous mechanisms are able to compensate for oxidative stress to a similar extent, regardless of dietary pattern. Nonetheless, overall diet quality and food selection appear to play a meaningful role in redox balance.

与年龄相关的非传染性疾病是发达国家的主要健康负担，氧化应激是一个关键因素。这项横断面研究旨在验证88名对营养学特别感兴趣并习惯遵循4种流行饮食模式（纯素、素食、低碳水化合物、高脂肪和杂食）的参与者的氧化还原状态相似，但与饮食质量相关的假设。采用食物日记评估膳食摄入量，采集静脉血测定血清总抗氧化能力（TAC）、胆红素、烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NAD +)/还原态烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸（NADH）比值、sirtuin 1浓度以及白细胞中抗氧化酶的表达。与素食组相比，素食组的TAC和NAD + /NADH比值更高，而杂食组的胆红素浓度高于低碳水化合物高脂肪组。饮食组之间的其他差异不显著。通过健康饮食指数评估，NAD+/NADH比值和sirtuin 1与饮食质量呈正相关。饮食变量与氧化还原标志物之间的相关分析显示，只有少数弱至中度的相关性。然而，包括年龄、性别和饮食变量在内的分层回归模型解释了19.8%的TAC方差、21.2%的NAD + /NADH比值方差和44.3%的sirtuin 1浓度方差。因此，在健康的、相对年轻的参与者中，通过适当的能量摄入，内源性机制能够在类似程度上补偿氧化应激，无论饮食模式如何。尽管如此，总体饮食质量和食物选择似乎在氧化还原平衡中起着重要作用。

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引用次数: 0

Generalized anxiety disorder is associated with the consumption of ultra-processed foods and eating behaviors markers in university students 广泛性焦虑障碍与大学生超加工食品的消费和饮食行为标志物有关

IF 3.1 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Nutrition Research

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2025.10.002

Vanessa Amorim Peixoto , André Eduardo Silva-Júnior , Débora Cavalcante Ferro , Micnéias Róberth Pereira , Déborah Tenório da Costa Paula , Dafiny Rodrigues Silva , Mateus de Lima Macena , Nassib Bezerra Bueno

Brazilian university students face significant health challenges, with over one-third exceeding a healthy weight and Brazil experiencing the highest global prevalence of anxiety. We hypothesized that screening positive for Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) would be associated with increased intake of ultra-processed foods (UPF) and unfavorable eating behaviors in this population. This cross-sectional study included 5,946 students (aged 18-59 years) from 94 Brazilian universities. GAD prevalence was assessed using the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7), while dietary markers and eating behaviors were evaluated via the Brazilian Food and Nutrition Surveillance System tool. Our findings revealed a GAD prevalence of 42.3%. Students with GAD had higher consumption of hamburgers/processed meats (PR: 1.19; 95%CI: [1.10; 1.28]), sweetened beverages (PR: 1.12; 95%CI: [1.06; 1.18]), instant noodles/packaged snacks/savory biscuits (PR: 1.26; 95%CI: [1.13; 1.40]), and sandwich cookies/sweets/treats (PR: 1.14; 95%CI: [1.06; 1.22]), and lower consumption of vegetables (PR: 0.94; 95%CI: [0.90; 0.98]) compared to those without GAD. Additionally, those with GAD were more prone to eating in front of screens (PR: 1.07; 95%CI: [1.04; 1.10]), skipping breakfast (PR: 0.96; 95%CI: [0.93; 0.99]) and lunch (PR: 0.98; 95% CI: [0.98; 0.99]). In conclusion, GAD is probably associated with unhealthy eating behaviors in Brazilian university students. Highlighting the need for specific dietary monitoring and multifaceted care to improve health in this population.

巴西大学生面临着重大的健康挑战，超过三分之一的人体重超标，巴西是全球焦虑症患病率最高的国家。我们假设广泛性焦虑障碍（GAD）筛查阳性可能与该人群中超加工食品（UPF）摄入量增加和不良饮食行为有关。这项横断面研究包括来自巴西94所大学的5946名学生（18-59岁）。使用7项广泛性焦虑障碍量表（GAD-7）评估广泛性焦虑症的患病率，而通过巴西食品和营养监测系统工具评估饮食标志物和饮食行为。我们的研究结果显示广泛性焦虑症的患病率为42.3%。与没有GAD的学生相比，患有GAD的学生在汉堡/加工肉类（PR: 1.19; 95%CI:[1.10; 1.28]）、加糖饮料（PR: 1.12; 95%CI:[1.06; 1.18]）、方便面/包装零食/美味饼干（PR: 1.26; 95%CI:[1.13; 1.40]）、三明治饼干/糖果/零食（PR: 1.14; 95%CI:[1.06; 1.22]）和蔬菜（PR: 0.94; 95%CI:[0.90; 0.98]）的摄入量更高。此外，患有广泛性焦虑症的人更倾向于在屏幕前吃饭（PR: 1.07; 95%CI:[1.04; 1.10]），不吃早餐（PR: 0.96; 95%CI:[0.93; 0.99]）和午餐（PR: 0.98; 95%CI:[0.98; 0.99]）。总之，广泛性焦虑症可能与巴西大学生的不健康饮食行为有关。强调需要进行具体的饮食监测和多方面护理，以改善这一人群的健康。

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引用次数: 0

Carotenoid and vitamin A intake in infants and toddlers (0-24 months) – sources, contribution to vitamin A requirements, and demographic patterns (NHANES 2015-2020) 婴幼儿（0-24个月）类胡萝卜素和维生素A的摄入量——来源、对维生素A需求的贡献和人口统计模式（NHANES 2015-2020）。

IF 3.1 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Nutrition Research

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2025.09.004

Taegen Senawong , Thuy Nguyen , Yiming Zhang Mirabile , Katelyn E. Senkus , Salma Musaad , Nancy E. Moran

Carotenoids are fat-soluble pigments found predominantly in fruits and vegetables that contribute to vitamin A requirements and are associated with pediatric neurodevelopment. However, typical amounts and patterns of total carotenoid, pro-vitamin A carotenoid, and vitamin A intake in very young children are poorly defined. The purpose of this study was to describe carotenoid and vitamin A intakes for U.S. children aged 0 to 6, >6 to 12, and >12 to 24 months of age; determine whether intake is significantly different among the 3 age groups; and determine if carotenoid intake patterns differ by demographic characteristics. Cross-sectional dietary intake and demographic data from 1035 infants and toddlers aged 0 to 24 months from the 2015–2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed using binomial-gamma hurdle models. Vitamin A from food carotenoids (retinol activity equivalents) provided 19% of the adequate intake for the 0- to 6-month-olds and 36% for the 7- to 12-month-olds, and 57% of the recommended dietary allowance for the 12- to 24-month-olds. Age was associated with intakes of total vitamin A (P < .001), retinol (P < .001), total carotenoids (P < .001), vitamin A from carotenoids (P < .001), and provitamin A from carotenoids (P < .001), after adjusting for sex, race, and poverty status. There was also a significant association of male sex with greater preformed vitamin A intake, and of poverty status with greater intake of preformed vitamin A and decreased vitamin A from carotenoids. Overall, “baby vegetables” were the greatest source of total carotenoid intake in the 0- to 6-month and 6- to 12-month groups, and “mixed dishes” in the 12- to 24-month group. In summary, young children’s carotenoid intake increases significantly with age, and provitamin A carotenoid intake contributes to their vitamin A requirements. “Baby vegetables,” and later, “mixed dishes” are the major sources of carotenoids during this life stage in the United States.

类胡萝卜素是一种脂溶性色素，主要存在于水果和蔬菜中，有助于维生素A的需求，并与儿童神经发育有关。然而，在非常年幼的儿童中，总的类胡萝卜素、维生素A原类胡萝卜素和维生素A的摄入量的典型数量和模式却没有明确的定义。本研究的目的是描述0 - 6个月、6 - 12个月和12 - 24个月的美国儿童的类胡萝卜素和维生素A摄入量；确定三个年龄组之间的摄入量是否有显著差异；并确定类胡萝卜素的摄入模式是否因人口特征而异。采用二项伽玛障碍模型对2015-2020年全国健康与营养调查中1035名0 - 24个月婴幼儿的横断面饮食摄入和人口统计数据进行分析。从食物类胡萝卜素中获取的维生素A（视黄醇活性当量）为0- 6个月大的婴儿提供了充足摄入量的19%，为7- 12个月大的婴儿提供了充足摄入量的36%，为12- 24个月大的婴儿提供了推荐膳食量的57%。在调整性别、种族和贫困状况后，年龄与总维生素A （P < 0.001）、视黄醇（P < 0.001）、总类胡萝卜素（P < 0.001）、类胡萝卜素中的维生素A （P < 0.001）和类胡萝卜素中的维生素原A （P < 0.001）的摄入量相关。此外，男性的性别与预先形成的维生素a的摄入量有关，而贫困状况与预先形成的维生素a的摄入量有关，而类胡萝卜素中维生素a的摄入量则有所减少。总的来说，在0- 6个月和6- 12个月的婴儿组中，“婴儿蔬菜”是类胡萝卜素总摄入量的最大来源，而在12- 24个月的婴儿组中，“混合菜”是类胡萝卜素摄入量的最大来源。综上所述，幼儿的类胡萝卜素摄入量随着年龄的增长而显著增加，而维生素A原类胡萝卜素的摄入量有助于他们对维生素A的需求。在美国，“婴儿蔬菜”和后来的“混合菜”是这个生命阶段类胡萝卜素的主要来源。

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引用次数: 0

Dietary fructose from added sugar beverages and foods is positively associated with homocysteine: NHANES 2003–2006 添加糖饮料和食物中的膳食果糖与同型半胱氨酸呈正相关：NHANES 2003-2006

IF 3.1 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Nutrition Research

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2025.10.003

Minhua Zhang , Yang Peng , Jing Zhang , Bingxin Du , Minghong Wang , Sihong Chen , Huan Ding , Meifang Wei , Congrui Zhu , Wenyuan Geng , Dong Lin , Shen Tang , Yue Huang , Cailing Lu , Xiyi Li

Homocysteine (Hcy) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the impact of fructose on Hcy concentrations and whether fructose intake increases disease risk through elevated Hcy remains unclear. We hypothesized that fructose intake is related to Hcy concentrations, and Hcy acts as a mediator linking fructose with CVD and hypertension. We analyzed 2003 to 2006 NHANES data using multivariate logistic regression and restricted cubic spline (RCS) analyses to examine the relationships between fructose intake from different food sources and Hcy concentrations, and to assess whether Hcy mediates the association between fructose intake and CVD or hypertension. After adjusting for confounders, Hcy concentrations were positively associated with the intake of all beverages and foods with added sugars that contain fructose, with an odds ratio of 1.23 (95% CI: 1.01-1.48). RCS analyses showed a “J-shaped” association between Hcy concentrations and the intake of coffee/tea with added sugars, other foods (excluding coffee/tea) with added sugars, tomato catsup, and total juice. An “inverted U-shaped” association was observed with cake intake (all P < .05). Hcy mediated the associations between 4 food sources of fructose (nondiet soft drinks, coffee/tea with added sugars, high-fructose corn syrup sweetened beverages, all beverages and foods with added sugars that contain fructose) and CVD (indirect effects [IE]: 0.03%, 0.03%, 0.04%, and 0.03%) and hypertension (IE: 0.16%, 0.18%, 0.20%, and 0.14%), all P < .05. The findings suggested that various food sources of fructose are associated with Hcy concentrations, and Hcy mediates the relationship between fructose intake and CVD and hypertension.

同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）是心血管疾病（CVD）的独立危险因素。然而，果糖对Hcy浓度的影响以及果糖摄入是否通过Hcy升高而增加疾病风险仍不清楚。我们假设果糖摄入量与Hcy浓度有关，Hcy作为果糖与心血管疾病和高血压之间的中介。我们使用多变量logistic回归和限制性三次样条（RCS）分析了2003年至2006年的NHANES数据，以检验不同食物来源的果糖摄入量与Hcy浓度之间的关系，并评估Hcy是否介导果糖摄入量与心血管疾病或高血压之间的关联。在调整混杂因素后，Hcy浓度与所有饮料和含有果糖的添加糖的食物的摄入量呈正相关，优势比为1.23 （95% CI: 1.01-1.48）。RCS分析显示，Hcy浓度与添加糖的咖啡/茶、添加糖的其他食物（不包括咖啡/茶）、番茄酱和总果汁的摄入量呈“j形”关系。与蛋糕摄入量呈“倒u形”关系（均P <； 0.05）。Hcy介导了4种果糖食物来源（非饮食软饮料、添加糖的咖啡/茶、高果糖玉米糖浆加糖饮料、所有添加糖含有果糖的饮料和食品）与心血管疾病（间接影响[IE]: 0.03%、0.03%、0.04%和0.03%）和高血压（IE: 0.16%、0.18%、0.20%和0.14%）之间的关联，均P <； 0.05。研究结果表明，果糖的各种食物来源与Hcy浓度有关，Hcy介导果糖摄入与心血管疾病和高血压之间的关系。

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引用次数: 0

Dairy products consumption was positively associated with muscle strength in middle aged and older adults: findings from the Tianjin Chronic Low-grade Systemic Inflammation and Health study 乳制品消费与中老年人肌肉力量呈正相关：天津慢性低度全身性炎症与健康研究的发现

IF 3.1 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Nutrition Research

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2025.09.007

Hongmei Wu , Maoshi Chen , Xuena Wang , Chang Qi , Yeqing Gu , Ge Meng , Qing Zhang , Li Liu , Xing Wang , Shaomei Sun , Qiyu Jia , Kun Song , Jian Huang , Junsheng Huo , Bing Zhang , Gangqiang Ding , Kaijun Niu

Dairy products are dense in nutrients, particularly rich in high-quality protein, which may be myoprotective. We hypothesized that higher dairy consumption was positively associated with handgrip strength. A cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the Tianjin Chronic Low-grade Systemic Inflammation and Health (TCLSIH) study. A total of 15,011 middle aged and older adults were included. Dairy products were assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Handgrip strength was measured using a dynamometer. The association between total dairy consumption (milk, low-fat milk, and yogurt) and 3 subtypes of dairy consumption and handgrip strength was analyzed using covariance analysis. After adjustment for multiple confounders, the least square means (95% confidence intervals) for handgrip strength across total dairy consumption categories (<1 time/week, 1-3 times/week, 3-6 times/week, and ≥1 time/day) were 42.0 (41.7, 42.2) kg, 42.7 (42.5, 42.9) kg, 42.7 (42.3, 43.1) kg, and 43.1 (42.8, 43.4) kg in men (P for trend < .01), and similar results were also observed in women. In addition, such positive associations were robust in sensitivity and subgroups analyses. However, no significant association between low-fat milk consumption and handgrip strength was found. In conclusion, our study found that higher total dairy, milk, and yogurt consumption were positively associated with handgrip strength. Further researches are needed to explore the effects of various dairy types on muscle health.

乳制品营养丰富，特别是富含高质量的蛋白质，可能对肌肉有保护作用。我们假设较高的乳制品消费量与握力呈正相关。采用天津慢性低度全身性炎症与健康（TCLSIH）研究的数据进行横断面研究。共有15011名中老年人参与了调查。使用经过验证的食物频率问卷对乳制品进行评估。用测力仪测量握力。采用协方差分析分析乳制品总消费量（牛奶、低脂牛奶和酸奶）与3种乳制品消费量和握力之间的关系。在对多个混杂因素进行调整后，所有乳制品消费类别（1次/周、1-3次/周、3-6次/周和≥1次/天）中，男性握力的最小二乘法平均值（95%置信区间）为42.0 (41.7,42.2)kg、42.7 (42.5,42.9)kg、42.7 (42.3,43.1)kg和43.1 (42.8,43.4)kg (P为趋势值<； 01)，在女性中也观察到类似的结果。此外，这种正相关在敏感性和亚组分析中是稳健的。然而，低脂牛奶的摄入量和握力之间没有明显的联系。总之，我们的研究发现，总乳制品、牛奶和酸奶的摄入量越高，握力越强。各种乳制品对肌肉健康的影响有待进一步研究。

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引用次数: 0

GenAI in nutritional sciences (GAINS): A systematic review and reporting framework for future research 营养科学基因分析（gain）：未来研究的系统评价和报告框架

IF 3.1 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Nutrition Research

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2025.09.011

Bettina Hieronimus , Maria-Laura Lopez-Aguirre , Marc Birringer , Maren Podszun

The growing integration of large language model (LLM)-powered chatbots in healthcare has raised interest in their potential to provide nutritional advice. This pre-registered systematic review (CRD42025619448) aimed to synthesize current evidence on the quality of nutritional advice provided by LLM-powered chatbots. We focused on advice related to metabolic diseases, food allergies or intolerances, nutrient intake, and nutrition during pregnancy or lactation. Out of 2469 records found through an extensive search, 13 studies satisfied the inclusion criteria. We conducted standardized data extraction and quality evaluations. While the chatbots in the included studies demonstrate potential as tools for nutrition advice, caution is necessary as they tend to be less effective with complex cases and may occasionally produce incorrect responses. Synthesis of the included studies revealed substantial methodological heterogeneity, particularly in evaluation criteria and study design, which precluded meaningful cross-study comparisons. Key limitations included the frequent use of subjective or poorly defined assessment measures as well as a lack of reproducibility testing. Despite these issues, all but 1 study agreed that while LLM-powered chatbots show potential for supporting nutritional advice, they are not yet ready for unsupervised use. In response to the methodological gaps identified, we propose a reporting guideline for the use of Generative AI in Nutritional Sciences (GAINS) to promote greater rigor, transparency, and comparability in future studies evaluating chatbot-generated nutritional advice.

大型语言模型（LLM）驱动的聊天机器人在医疗保健领域的日益整合，提高了人们对它们提供营养建议的潜力的兴趣。这项预注册的系统评价（CRD42025619448）旨在综合目前由llm驱动的聊天机器人提供的营养建议质量的证据。我们关注与代谢性疾病、食物过敏或不耐受、营养摄入和孕期或哺乳期营养相关的建议。在通过广泛检索找到的2469条记录中，有13项研究符合纳入标准。开展标准化数据提取和质量评价。虽然在纳入的研究中，聊天机器人展示了作为营养建议工具的潜力，但谨慎是必要的，因为它们对复杂的病例往往不太有效，有时可能会产生错误的回答。综合纳入的研究显示了大量的方法学异质性，特别是在评价标准和研究设计方面，这排除了有意义的交叉研究比较。主要的限制包括经常使用主观或定义不明确的评估措施以及缺乏可重复性测试。尽管存在这些问题，但除了一项研究外，所有研究都一致认为，尽管llm驱动的聊天机器人显示出支持营养建议的潜力，但它们尚未准备好无人监督的使用。针对所发现的方法差距，我们提出了一项在营养科学中使用生成人工智能（gain）的报告指南，以提高未来评估聊天机器人生成的营养建议的研究的严谨性、透明度和可比性。

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引用次数: 0

Higher dietary inflammatory index is associated with reduced lung function in non-COPD adults: A cross-sectional study of NHANES 2007-2012 NHANES 2007-2012的一项横断面研究表明，非copd成人较高的饮食炎症指数与肺功能降低有关

IF 3.1 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Nutrition Research

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2025.09.012

Xuefeng Li , Qiang Wang , Youmei Wang , Meiling Zhang

The association between lung function and dietary inflammatory index (DII) in non-chronic obstructive pulmonary (non-COPD) population is currently unknown. We hypothesized that higher DII is associated with lower lung function measures, particularly forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC). Data from 7990 NHANES (2007-2012) participants (48.5% men, 51.5% women; mean BMI 29.1±6.6 kg/m²) were analyzed. The DII scores were calculated from 24-hour dietary recall and divided into tertiles. After adjusting for confounders, multivariable linear regression analysis revealed that each unit increase in DII score was associated with a 23.16 mL reduction in FEV1 and a 34.95 mL reduction in FVC (p < .001). When DII was analyzed as a categorical variable, participants in the higher tertiles (T2 and T3) had significantly lower FVC and FEV1 compared with those in the lowest tertile (T1) (p < .001). Restricted cubic spline analysis indicated a linear association between DII and lung function parameters (FEV1 and FVC), with the P-value for nonlinearity > .05. In our study, subgroup analyses revealed weaker associations between DII and lung function in obese individuals. Specifically, FEV1 was reduced by 14.17 mL (significant interaction, P = .015), and FVC was reduced by 24.51 mL (interaction approaching significance, P = .056). In conclusion, pro-inflammatory diets (higher DII) negatively affect lung function in middle-aged non-COPD populations, with weaker associations in obese individuals.

非慢性阻塞性肺（non-COPD）人群肺功能与饮食炎症指数（DII）之间的关系目前尚不清楚。我们假设较高的DII与较低的肺功能测量有关，特别是1秒用力呼气量（FEV1）和用力肺活量（FVC）。分析了7990名NHANES（2007-2012）参与者的数据（男性48.5%，女性51.5%，平均BMI 29.1±6.6 kg/m²）。DII评分是根据24小时饮食回忆计算的，并分为三分位数。在调整混杂因素后，多变量线性回归分析显示，DII评分每增加一个单位，FEV1减少23.16 mL， FVC减少34.95 mL （p < .001）。当DII作为分类变量进行分析时，高分位数（T2和T3）的参与者与最低分位数（T1）的参与者相比，FVC和FEV1显著降低（p < .001）。限制性三次样条分析显示，DII与肺功能参数（FEV1和FVC）呈线性相关，非线性p值为0.05。在我们的研究中，亚组分析显示，在肥胖个体中，DII与肺功能之间的关联较弱。其中，FEV1减少14.17 mL（显著交互作用，P = 0.015）， FVC减少24.51 mL（交互作用接近显著，P = 0.056）。综上所述，促炎饮食（较高的DII）对中年非copd人群的肺功能有负面影响，与肥胖人群的相关性较弱。

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引用次数: 0

Systemic inflammation mediates the association between docosahexaenoic acid/docosapentaenoic acid ratio and the risk of periodontitis 全身性炎症介导二十二碳六烯酸/二十二碳五烯酸比例与牙周炎风险之间的关联。

IF 3.1 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Nutrition Research

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2025.09.008

Yunqiang Yang , Minyang Ge , Zhouqing Yu , Fan Mao , Chun Xie , Chuncheng Ge

Docosapentaenoic acid (DPA_ω6) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are ω6 and ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), but their association with periodontitis is controversial. We hypothesize that a novel ratio incorporating these 2 PUFAs could provide a more reliable indicator of the relationship between serum PUFAs and the risk of periodontitis. To test this hypothesis, we examined the association between the DHA-to-DPA_ω6 ratio and the risk of periodontitis and explored the potential mechanism in human subjects. Logistic regression was employed to investigate the relationship between the DHA-to-DPA_ω6 ratio and periodontitis using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Restricted cubic spline analysis was performed to determine whether the association was linear or nonlinear, and mediation analyses were performed to identify the mediators of the association. Periodontitis was diagnosed in 1444 of 2937 participants. Unlike DHA or DPA_ω6 individually, the DHA-to-DPA_ω6 ratio was significantly associated with periodontitis risk (odds ratio: 0.99; 95% CI: 0.98–0.99; P = .03) and disease severity. This association was mediated by systemic inflammation (β = –0.004; 95% CI, –0.007 to –0.002; P < .001), rather than by oxidative stress, immunomodulation, or metabolic regulation. This novel omega-3-to-omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio provides clinicians with a polyunsaturated fatty acid–based tool with which to evaluate the risk of periodontitis. It is therefore recommended that DHA intake be increased and DPA intake decreased to reduce the risk of the disease.

二十二碳五烯酸（DPA_ω6）和二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）是ω6和ω3多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFAs），但它们与牙周炎的关系存在争议。我们假设一个包含这两种PUFAs的新比率可以为血清PUFAs与牙周炎风险之间的关系提供更可靠的指标。为了验证这一假设，我们研究了dha - dpa_ω 6比值与牙周炎风险之间的关系，并探讨了人类受试者的潜在机制。采用Logistic回归方法分析dha - dpa_ω 6比值与牙周炎的关系，数据来源于全国健康与营养检查调查。使用限制三次样条分析来确定这种关联是线性的还是非线性的，并使用中介分析来确定这种关联的中介。2937名参与者中有1444人被诊断患有牙周炎。与DHA或DPA_ω6单独不同，DHA与DPA_ω6比值与牙周炎风险（优势比：0.99;95% CI: 0.98-0.99; P = 0.03）和疾病严重程度显著相关。这种关联是由全身性炎症介导的（β = -0.004; 95% CI, -0.007至-0.002;P < .001），而不是氧化应激、免疫调节或代谢调节。这种新颖的omega-3与omega-6多不饱和脂肪酸比率为临床医生提供了一种基于多不饱和脂肪酸的工具，用于评估牙周炎的风险。因此，建议增加DHA摄入量，减少DPA摄入量，以降低患病风险。

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引用次数: 0

High-fat diet-induced obesity alters the dose-dependent metabolism of (–)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate in mice 高脂肪饮食引起的肥胖改变了小鼠(-)-表没食子儿茶素-3-没食子酸酯的剂量依赖性代谢。

IF 3.1 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Nutrition Research

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2025.09.009

Soomee Hwang , Imhoi Koo , Andrew D. Patterson , Joshua D. Lambert

Obesity is a major risk factor for cardiovascular and liver diseases. Green tea-based dietary supplements have gained popularity for weight management. However, human and animal model studies have reported that high oral bolus doses of (–)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the most abundant catechin in green tea, can cause hepatotoxicity. Obesity can affect the biotransformation enzyme systems, but the effect of obesity on EGCG metabolite profile has not been determined. We hypothesized that pre-existing obesity would cause a shift in the biotransformation of EGCG and enhance the production of oxidative metabolites at higher EGCG doses. To test this hypothesis, we used liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolomics to compare the urinary EGCG metabolite profile following administration of vehicle (0.9% sodium chloride) or EGCG (100 or 750 mg/kg) to obese or age-matched lean, male C57BL6/J mice. We found that differences in EGCG metabolism between treatment groups were primarily driven by glucuronidated and oxidation metabolites of EGCG. Significantly higher relative concentrations of cysteinyl EGCG in obese mice compared to lean mice suggest that obesity altered EGCG biotransformation in a manner that may enhance susceptibility to hepatotoxicity. These findings highlight the need for additional research on the mechanisms of EGCG-induced hepatotoxicity across body condition.

肥胖是心血管和肝脏疾病的主要危险因素。以绿茶为基础的膳食补充剂在体重管理方面越来越受欢迎。然而，人体和动物模型研究已经报道，大剂量口服(-)-表没食子儿茶素-3-没食子酸酯（EGCG），绿茶中最丰富的儿茶素，可引起肝毒性。肥胖可以影响生物转化酶系统，但肥胖对EGCG代谢物谱的影响尚未确定。我们假设，先前存在的肥胖会导致EGCG生物转化的转变，并在较高的EGCG剂量下增加氧化代谢物的产生。为了验证这一假设，我们使用基于液相色谱-质谱的代谢组学来比较肥胖或年龄匹配的瘦雄性C57BL6/J小鼠在给药（0.9%氯化钠）或EGCG（100或750 mg/kg）后尿液EGCG代谢物谱。我们发现治疗组之间EGCG代谢的差异主要是由EGCG的葡萄糖醛酸化和氧化代谢物驱动的。肥胖小鼠的半胱氨酸EGCG相对浓度明显高于瘦小鼠，这表明肥胖改变了EGCG的生物转化，可能会增加对肝毒性的易感性。这些发现强调了对egcg诱导的肝毒性机制进行进一步研究的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

Higher dietary ketogenic ratio is associated with accelerated biological aging among US adults: analysis from NHANES 2005-2018 较高的饮食生酮比例与美国成年人加速的生物衰老有关：来自NHANES 2005-2018的分析。

IF 3.1 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Nutrition Research

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2025.09.010

Xinyi Zheng , Hongyang Gong , Ruimin Zhang , Junqian Wang , Guangyan Cai , Xiangmei Chen

Ketogenic diet (KD) is widely prescribed for weight management in obese individuals, yet their potential impact on biological aging remains unclear. Using cross-sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 2005-2018) to test the hypothesis that KD may accelerate biological aging, biological aging was assessed through 4 indices: biological age acceleration (BioAgeAccel), phenotypic age acceleration (PhenoAgeAccel), homeostatic dysregulation (HD) and serum Klotho concentrations. Weighted multivariable linear regression and restricted cubic spline analyses were performed to evaluate the effects of KD on biological aging. Subgroup and interaction analyses were performed to assess the consistency of these associations across populations. Among the 22,026 included adults, fully adjusted models revealed that each 1-unit increase in dietary ketogenic ratio (DKR) corresponded to a 5.65-year increase in BioAgeAccel (P < .001), a 0.88-year increase in PhenoAgeAccel (P < .05), and a 67.67 pg/mL decrease in Klotho concentrations (P < .05). Restricted cubic spline (RCS) revealed a linear positive association between BioAgeAccel and DKR (P for overall < .001, P for nonlinear = .257), a positive association with potential nonlinearity between PhenoAgeAccel and DKR (P for overall = .001, P for nonlinear = .089, Inflection point = .371), a positive association with nonlinearity (P for overall = .016, P for overall = .002, Inflection point = .371) between HD and DKR, and a negative association with a nonlinear trend (P for overall = .002, P for nonlinear = .053, Inflection point = .374) between Klotho and DKR. Subgroup and interaction analyses confirmed the consistency of these associations across populations. Higher DKR values are positively correlated with accelerated biological aging, particularly when DKR exceeds 0.371. This is the first population-based study to demonstrate this association.

生酮饮食（KD）被广泛用于肥胖个体的体重管理，但其对生物衰老的潜在影响尚不清楚。利用国家健康与营养调查（NHANES, 2005-2018）的横断面数据来验证KD可能加速生物衰老的假设，通过4个指标来评估生物衰老：生物年龄加速（BioAgeAccel）、表型年龄加速（PhenoAgeAccel）、稳态失调（HD）和血清Klotho浓度。采用加权多变量线性回归和限制三次样条分析来评价KD对生物衰老的影响。进行亚组分析和相互作用分析，以评估这些关联在人群中的一致性。在纳入的22,026名成年人中，完全调整模型显示，饮食生酮比（DKR）每增加1个单位，BioAgeAccel增加5.65年（P < 0.001）， PhenoAgeAccel增加0.88年（P < 0.05）， Klotho浓度降低67.67 pg/mL （P < 0.05）。限制三次样条（RCS）显示，BioAgeAccel与DKR之间存在线性正相关（P < 0.001， P为非线性），表型ageaccel与DKR之间存在潜在非线性正相关（P为总体= 0.001，P为非线性= 0.089，拐点= 0.371），HD与DKR之间存在非线性正相关（P为总体= 0.016，P为总体= 0.002，拐点= 0.371）。Klotho和DKR之间与非线性趋势呈负相关（总体P = 0.002，非线性P = 0.053，拐点= 0.374）。亚组分析和相互作用分析证实了这些关联在人群中的一致性。较高的DKR值与生物老化加速呈正相关，特别是当DKR超过0.371时。这是首次以人群为基础的研究来证明这种关联。

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引用次数: 0