Increased knowledge on the correlation between pulp processing, fibre-properties and paper properties is required to improve fibre-based products. Part 1 of this investigation deals with the effects of HC and LC refining on fibre properties development. LC refining reduced curl and increased tensile index in a manner similar to hot disintegration whereas HC refining increased curl slightly. In this second part, the correlation between fibre curl and handsheet properties of thermomechanical pulp, subjected to low consistency (LC) refining and hot/cold disintegration is examined. Fibre curl decreased by laboratory disintegration and LC refining and showed a linear correlation with increased tensile index and tensile stiffness. Evaluation of fibre property distributions gave a more detailed description of the development of fibre properties. These revealed that disintegration and LC refining gave different fibre curl versus fibre length distributions, even when their average values were similar. These results confirm that analysing fibre property distributions contributes to a more detailed knowledge of the development of pulp quality. Hot disintegration before laboratory testing exaggerated pulp quality and increase internal fibrillation and can therefore be questioned. When hot disintegration is performed before pulp analyses, the impact of LC refining on paper properties may be misjudged.
{"title":"Development of fibre properties in mill scale: high- and low consistency refining of thermomechanical pulp (part 2) – Importance of fibre curl","authors":"Rita Ferritsius, Christer Sandberg, Mats Rundlöf, Olof Ferritsius, Geoffrey Daniel, Birgitta A. Engberg, Fritjof Nilsson","doi":"10.1515/npprj-2024-0049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/npprj-2024-0049","url":null,"abstract":"Increased knowledge on the correlation between pulp processing, fibre-properties and paper properties is required to improve fibre-based products. Part 1 of this investigation deals with the effects of HC and LC refining on fibre properties development. LC refining reduced curl and increased tensile index in a manner similar to hot disintegration whereas HC refining increased curl slightly. In this second part, the correlation between fibre curl and handsheet properties of thermomechanical pulp, subjected to low consistency (LC) refining and hot/cold disintegration is examined. Fibre curl decreased by laboratory disintegration and LC refining and showed a linear correlation with increased tensile index and tensile stiffness. Evaluation of fibre property distributions gave a more detailed description of the development of fibre properties. These revealed that disintegration and LC refining gave different fibre curl versus fibre length distributions, even when their average values were similar. These results confirm that analysing fibre property distributions contributes to a more detailed knowledge of the development of pulp quality. Hot disintegration before laboratory testing exaggerated pulp quality and increase internal fibrillation and can therefore be questioned. When hot disintegration is performed before pulp analyses, the impact of LC refining on paper properties may be misjudged.","PeriodicalId":19315,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal","volume":"187 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142252645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Paper is a kind of renewable material that exists widely and has important application prospects. However, previous studies have mostly focused on the macromechanical properties of paper but lack micro theory based on paper fiber networks. We present a comprehensive experimental and computational study on the mechanical properties of fibers and fiber networks under the influence of microstructure. A beam-spring model was established based on a beam-fiber network to simulate the behavior of fiber networks. Simulations were performed to demonstrate the influence of fiber microstructural parameters such as fiber bond strength, stiffness, failure strength, size, and network density on mechanical features. Mechanical experiments verified that the fiber bond strength had a greater influence on the paper properties than did the fiber strength. This result is highly consistent with that of the model. All the simulations were validated by experimental measurements. Finally, we provided computational insights into the interfiber bond damage pattern with respect to different fiber microlevels and demonstrated that the proposed beam-spring model can be used to predict the response of fiber networks of paper materials. The above research can be used to optimize the formulation, process, and treatment of paper to meet specific application needs.
{"title":"Influence mechanism of paper mechanical properties: numerical simulation and experimental verification based on a fiber network","authors":"Hao Sun, Yaling Wang, Haojin Li, Lingjun Wei, Yunfeng Zhu, Wanlu Zhang, Wei Wang","doi":"10.1515/npprj-2024-0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/npprj-2024-0021","url":null,"abstract":"Paper is a kind of renewable material that exists widely and has important application prospects. However, previous studies have mostly focused on the macromechanical properties of paper but lack micro theory based on paper fiber networks. We present a comprehensive experimental and computational study on the mechanical properties of fibers and fiber networks under the influence of microstructure. A beam-spring model was established based on a beam-fiber network to simulate the behavior of fiber networks. Simulations were performed to demonstrate the influence of fiber microstructural parameters such as fiber bond strength, stiffness, failure strength, size, and network density on mechanical features. Mechanical experiments verified that the fiber bond strength had a greater influence on the paper properties than did the fiber strength. This result is highly consistent with that of the model. All the simulations were validated by experimental measurements. Finally, we provided computational insights into the interfiber bond damage pattern with respect to different fiber microlevels and demonstrated that the proposed beam-spring model can be used to predict the response of fiber networks of paper materials. The above research can be used to optimize the formulation, process, and treatment of paper to meet specific application needs.","PeriodicalId":19315,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142179931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Md. Nakib Hossen, M. Mostafizur Rahman, Taslima Ferdous, Jannatun Nayeem, M. Sarwar Jahan
Biobased coating material is required to replace synthetic polymer-based paper coating material for a safe and clean environment. The study aimed to investigate the use of biobased nanocomposites as a coating material for paper. The biobased nanocomposite was prepared using nanocellulose, sodium alginate (SA), and bio-synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) was produced through acid hydrolysis, followed by fractionation. The average size of the crystals was 15 nm in width and 125 nm in length. AgNPs were prepared by the reduction of AgNO3 with lignin. The synthesis of silver nanoparticles was confirmed by UV–visible and FTIR spectroscopy. SA-NCC composite coating improved the barrier and strength properties of paper. The paper with composite coating demonstrated a 29.11 % increase in tensile index in the cross direction, 20.82 % increase in the machine direction, and 77.89 % improvement in burst index at a coating weight of 1.68 g/m2. The composite-coated paper showed better air barrier and lower water absorption characteristics than sodium alginate-coated paper. The incorporation of AgNPs in the coating mixture introduced the antimicrobial activity of the paper as well.
{"title":"Biobased nanocomposite coating of paper for packaging","authors":"Md. Nakib Hossen, M. Mostafizur Rahman, Taslima Ferdous, Jannatun Nayeem, M. Sarwar Jahan","doi":"10.1515/npprj-2024-0034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/npprj-2024-0034","url":null,"abstract":"Biobased coating material is required to replace synthetic polymer-based paper coating material for a safe and clean environment. The study aimed to investigate the use of biobased nanocomposites as a coating material for paper. The biobased nanocomposite was prepared using nanocellulose, sodium alginate (SA), and bio-synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) was produced through acid hydrolysis, followed by fractionation. The average size of the crystals was 15 nm in width and 125 nm in length. AgNPs were prepared by the reduction of AgNO<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> with lignin. The synthesis of silver nanoparticles was confirmed by UV–visible and FTIR spectroscopy. SA-NCC composite coating improved the barrier and strength properties of paper. The paper with composite coating demonstrated a 29.11 % increase in tensile index in the cross direction, 20.82 % increase in the machine direction, and 77.89 % improvement in burst index at a coating weight of 1.68 g/m<jats:sup>2</jats:sup>. The composite-coated paper showed better air barrier and lower water absorption characteristics than sodium alginate-coated paper. The incorporation of AgNPs in the coating mixture introduced the antimicrobial activity of the paper as well.","PeriodicalId":19315,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142179932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The potential of oxygen delignified fibers to replace fully bleached fibers in tissue products was investigated on softwood pulps. The absorption, mechanical properties and softness of laboratory tissue hand sheets from one commercial fully bleached pulp and five unbleached oxygen delignified lab pulps were compared. The pulps with different lignin content and total fiber charge were evaluated with and without PFI refining. The pulps subjected to oxygen delignification resulted in pulps with much higher total fiber charge content that led to higher swelling and higher wet strength when compared to the commercial fully bleached pulp. Some unbleached oxygen delignified pulps showed great potential in the absorption capacity, while others showed a much higher wet tensile strength when compared to the commercial pulp. Compared to the commercial bleached pulp, a similar softness for a higher wet and dry tensile index in the unbleached fibers was observed for the oxygen delignified pulps. Unbleached pulps subjected to an extended oxygen delignification proved to be a suitable alternative to fully bleached pulps in tissue grades, depending on the desired property (absorption or wet strength).
{"title":"Evaluation of oxygen delignified fibers with high water absorbency, as a greener alternative to fully bleached fibers for tissue paper","authors":"Cláudia V.G. Esteves","doi":"10.1515/npprj-2024-0024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/npprj-2024-0024","url":null,"abstract":"The potential of oxygen delignified fibers to replace fully bleached fibers in tissue products was investigated on softwood pulps. The absorption, mechanical properties and softness of laboratory tissue hand sheets from one commercial fully bleached pulp and five unbleached oxygen delignified lab pulps were compared. The pulps with different lignin content and total fiber charge were evaluated with and without PFI refining. The pulps subjected to oxygen delignification resulted in pulps with much higher total fiber charge content that led to higher swelling and higher wet strength when compared to the commercial fully bleached pulp. Some unbleached oxygen delignified pulps showed great potential in the absorption capacity, while others showed a much higher wet tensile strength when compared to the commercial pulp. Compared to the commercial bleached pulp, a similar softness for a higher wet and dry tensile index in the unbleached fibers was observed for the oxygen delignified pulps. Unbleached pulps subjected to an extended oxygen delignification proved to be a suitable alternative to fully bleached pulps in tissue grades, depending on the desired property (absorption or wet strength).","PeriodicalId":19315,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142179933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The use of mineral-based fillers tends to reduce the mechanical properties of paper, which can limit their application. The filler surface modification is a significant treatment to overcome this limitation. This research aims to offer a novel modified mineral-based filler to provide its industrial application. The surface of precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) was modified with xylan (XS), which is a type of hemicellulose, a polysaccharide consisting mainly of xylose residues. It is used as a filler at different filler dosage levels in paper pulp. Modified PCC(MPCC) was characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and Field-emission scanning electron microscopy analyses. The analysis demonstrated that the MPCC filler surface was coated with XS successfully. The effect of PCC and MPCC-filled hand-sheet paper physical, chemical and optical properties were studied. The experimental results showed that the mechanical (tensile, burst, tear strength) and optical (brightness, opacity) of hand-sheet paper filled with MPCC were significantly improved compared with unmodified PCC-filled paper at the same ash content. The filler retention of PCC and MPCC fillers in paper was investigated, and the MPCC filler showed better filler retention properties in paper stock than the PCC filler.
{"title":"Effects of xylan-modified precipitated calcium carbonate filler on the properties of paper","authors":"Onur Unlu, Ayse Aytac","doi":"10.1515/npprj-2024-0042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/npprj-2024-0042","url":null,"abstract":"The use of mineral-based fillers tends to reduce the mechanical properties of paper, which can limit their application. The filler surface modification is a significant treatment to overcome this limitation. This research aims to offer a novel modified mineral-based filler to provide its industrial application. The surface of precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) was modified with xylan (XS), which is a type of hemicellulose, a polysaccharide consisting mainly of xylose residues. It is used as a filler at different filler dosage levels in paper pulp. Modified PCC(MPCC) was characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and Field-emission scanning electron microscopy analyses. The analysis demonstrated that the MPCC filler surface was coated with XS successfully. The effect of PCC and MPCC-filled hand-sheet paper physical, chemical and optical properties were studied. The experimental results showed that the mechanical (tensile, burst, tear strength) and optical (brightness, opacity) of hand-sheet paper filled with MPCC were significantly improved compared with unmodified PCC-filled paper at the same ash content. The filler retention of PCC and MPCC fillers in paper was investigated, and the MPCC filler showed better filler retention properties in paper stock than the PCC filler.","PeriodicalId":19315,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142179934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nataliia Smyk, Jenny Sjöström, Gunnar Henriksson, Olena Sevastyanova
Phenolic hydroxyl groups in lignin are crucial for understanding its structure, reactivity, and potential applications. Various methods have been developed for the determining phenolic groups in lignin. This study focuses on the comparison of a simple, cost-effective, and time-efficient UV–vis ionization difference technique with the highly accurate 31P NMR spectroscopy for analyzing lignin samples of different origins and isolation methods. The results were carefully evaluated, and the strengths and limitations of each method were discussed. Two eco-friendly UV–vis approaches were proposed for a rapid and comprehensive evaluation of the total phenolic-OH groups: one using a strong alkaline solution for analyzing common types of technical lignins, and another employing multipoint wavelength calculations, effective for analyzing softwood lignins regardless of the extraction method. Additionally, the research highlighted the importance of selecting appropriate model phenolic compounds to accurately assess the phenolic hydroxyl group content in lignins using the UV–vis method. Offering straightforward and rapid analysis, with results closely aligning with 31P NMR data, this method is a promising alternative for routine analysis.
{"title":"UV–vis spectroscopy as a rapid method for evaluation of total phenolic hydroxyl structures in lignin","authors":"Nataliia Smyk, Jenny Sjöström, Gunnar Henriksson, Olena Sevastyanova","doi":"10.1515/npprj-2023-0095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/npprj-2023-0095","url":null,"abstract":"Phenolic hydroxyl groups in lignin are crucial for understanding its structure, reactivity, and potential applications. Various methods have been developed for the determining phenolic groups in lignin. This study focuses on the comparison of a simple, cost-effective, and time-efficient UV–vis ionization difference technique with the highly accurate <jats:sup>31</jats:sup>P NMR spectroscopy for analyzing lignin samples of different origins and isolation methods. The results were carefully evaluated, and the strengths and limitations of each method were discussed. Two eco-friendly UV–vis approaches were proposed for a rapid and comprehensive evaluation of the total phenolic-OH groups: one using a strong alkaline solution for analyzing common types of technical lignins, and another employing multipoint wavelength calculations, effective for analyzing softwood lignins regardless of the extraction method. Additionally, the research highlighted the importance of selecting appropriate model phenolic compounds to accurately assess the phenolic hydroxyl group content in lignins using the UV–vis method. Offering straightforward and rapid analysis, with results closely aligning with <jats:sup>31</jats:sup>P NMR data, this method is a promising alternative for routine analysis.","PeriodicalId":19315,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal","volume":"110 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142179935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ge Ge, Jianan Liu, Yunfei Liao, Deli Zeng, Hongyan Mou, Huiming Fan
To address the challenges of difficulty and low penetration speed of aqueous deacidification agents in paper, we aimed to enhance the wetting performance of these agents by incorporating a surfactant. We selected four surfactants for our study: anionic sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS), cationic cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), nonionic polysorbate-80 (TW80), and polyether-modified trisiloxane (TRSE). The wetting properties of these surfactants on sodium propionate aqueous deacidification agent, the alkali stability of the solution, and the effects of moist heat aging on paper durability were explored. The results demonstrated that TRSE exhibited superior performance compared to the other three surfactants, effectively reducing the surface tension of sodium propionate solution to 21.02 mN/m. In alkaline conditions with a pH range of 8.00–10.00, the surface tension of SDBS, CTAB, and TW80 solutions remained stable for 30 days. Similarly, under weakly alkaline conditions with a pH value below 9, the surface tension of TRSE solutions exhibited stability. It should be noted that SDBS accelerated the decline of paper tensile index and whiteness during the heat and humidity aging process; at the same time, CTAB, TW80, and TRSE had no noticeable adverse effects on paper aging resistance.
{"title":"Effects of surfactants on the wettability of sodium propionate aqueous deacidification agent","authors":"Ge Ge, Jianan Liu, Yunfei Liao, Deli Zeng, Hongyan Mou, Huiming Fan","doi":"10.1515/npprj-2023-0038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/npprj-2023-0038","url":null,"abstract":"To address the challenges of difficulty and low penetration speed of aqueous deacidification agents in paper, we aimed to enhance the wetting performance of these agents by incorporating a surfactant. We selected four surfactants for our study: anionic sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS), cationic cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), nonionic polysorbate-80 (TW80), and polyether-modified trisiloxane (TRSE). The wetting properties of these surfactants on sodium propionate aqueous deacidification agent, the alkali stability of the solution, and the effects of moist heat aging on paper durability were explored. The results demonstrated that TRSE exhibited superior performance compared to the other three surfactants, effectively reducing the surface tension of sodium propionate solution to 21.02 mN/m. In alkaline conditions with a pH range of 8.00–10.00, the surface tension of SDBS, CTAB, and TW80 solutions remained stable for 30 days. Similarly, under weakly alkaline conditions with a pH value below 9, the surface tension of TRSE solutions exhibited stability. It should be noted that SDBS accelerated the decline of paper tensile index and whiteness during the heat and humidity aging process; at the same time, CTAB, TW80, and TRSE had no noticeable adverse effects on paper aging resistance.","PeriodicalId":19315,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal","volume":"172 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142179936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lindomar Matias Gonçalves, Clara Mendoza-Martinez, Jesús Nuncira, Elém Patrícia Alves Rocha, Eduardo Coutinho de Paula, Marcelo Cardoso
Sludge generated from kraft pulp mill wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is typically non-inert solid waste and is commonly disposed of in landfills. In this study, a novel approach for repurposing WWTP sludge from a kraft pulp mill in Brazil for energy generation was assessed. With the global cellulose market projected to reach $ 61 billion by 2033, there is a growing need for sustainable energy solutions and disposal of associated industrial byproducts. This study investigated the performance of a hybrid active solar dryer for reducing the moisture content of sludge to enhance the feasibility of sludge burning in a biomass boiler. Through rigorous experimentation and design of experiments (DOE) planning, optimal parameters for the hybrid dryer were determined, specifically, a volumetric airflow rate of 1.1 m/s and an entrance temperature of approximately 51 °C. This innovative approach not only addresses the environmental concerns associated with sludge disposal, but also contributes to the broader goal of advancing sustainable technologies in the midst of global energy challenges.
牛皮纸浆厂废水处理厂（WWTP）产生的污泥通常是非惰性固体废物，通常被填埋处理。本研究评估了将巴西一家牛皮浆厂废水处理厂污泥重新用于能源生产的新方法。预计到 2033 年，全球纤维素市场规模将达到 610 亿美元，因此对可持续能源解决方案和相关工业副产品处理的需求日益增长。本研究调查了混合型活性太阳能干燥器的性能，该干燥器用于降低污泥的含水量，以提高污泥在生物质锅炉中燃烧的可行性。通过严格的实验和实验设计（DOE）规划，确定了混合干燥器的最佳参数，特别是 1.1 m/s 的容积气流速率和约 51 °C 的入口温度。这种创新方法不仅解决了与污泥处置相关的环境问题，还有助于实现在全球能源挑战中推进可持续技术的更广泛目标。
{"title":"Hybrid solar drying of sludge from kraft pulp mills","authors":"Lindomar Matias Gonçalves, Clara Mendoza-Martinez, Jesús Nuncira, Elém Patrícia Alves Rocha, Eduardo Coutinho de Paula, Marcelo Cardoso","doi":"10.1515/npprj-2023-0094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/npprj-2023-0094","url":null,"abstract":"Sludge generated from kraft pulp mill wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is typically non-inert solid waste and is commonly disposed of in landfills. In this study, a novel approach for repurposing WWTP sludge from a kraft pulp mill in Brazil for energy generation was assessed. With the global cellulose market projected to reach $ 61 billion by 2033, there is a growing need for sustainable energy solutions and disposal of associated industrial byproducts. This study investigated the performance of a hybrid active solar dryer for reducing the moisture content of sludge to enhance the feasibility of sludge burning in a biomass boiler. Through rigorous experimentation and design of experiments (DOE) planning, optimal parameters for the hybrid dryer were determined, specifically, a volumetric airflow rate of 1.1 m/s and an entrance temperature of approximately 51 °C. This innovative approach not only addresses the environmental concerns associated with sludge disposal, but also contributes to the broader goal of advancing sustainable technologies in the midst of global energy challenges.","PeriodicalId":19315,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141949117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) was utilized as the raw material, with the addition of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), citric acid (CA) as the crosslinking agent, and sodium hypophosphite (SHP) as the catalyst to produce hydroxypropyl cellulose/β-CD composite films. The inclusion of β-CD resulted in an increase in the tensile strength of the film, with the maximum value of 13.5 MPa for the 1 % β-CD composite membrane. Additionally, after degradation in soil for 28 days, the degradation ability was significantly enhanced, with the 1.0 % β-CD composite film exhibiting the highest degradation rate of 27.21 %. Furthermore, the water permeability of the composite membrane was improved with the addition of β-CD. Specifically, when the β-CD content was 1.0 %, the water vapor transmission reached its lowest point at 2,445 g* (m2*24d)−1${({m}^{2}ast 24d)}^{-1}$. The findings demonstrated that the 1 % β-cyclodextrin/hydroxypropyl cellulose composite film effectively preserved the freshness of strawberries, reducing the weight loss rate by 1.65 % compared to the control group. In conclusion, this research highlights the potential for preparing composite membranes using HPC and β-CD crosslinking, thereby expanding the application of hydroxypropyl cellulose and β-CD in food preservation.
{"title":"The study of citric acid crosslinked β-cyclodextrin/hydroxypropyl cellulose food preservation film","authors":"Yefan Wang, Ting Wang, Xinyu Zhang, Qian Wang, Sheng Liu, Zhihua Guo, Haitang Liu","doi":"10.1515/npprj-2023-0088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/npprj-2023-0088","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) was utilized as the raw material, with the addition of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), citric acid (CA) as the crosslinking agent, and sodium hypophosphite (SHP) as the catalyst to produce hydroxypropyl cellulose/β-CD composite films. The inclusion of β-CD resulted in an increase in the tensile strength of the film, with the maximum value of 13.5 MPa for the 1 % β-CD composite membrane. Additionally, after degradation in soil for 28 days, the degradation ability was significantly enhanced, with the 1.0 % β-CD composite film exhibiting the highest degradation rate of 27.21 %. Furthermore, the water permeability of the composite membrane was improved with the addition of β-CD. Specifically, when the β-CD content was 1.0 %, the water vapor transmission reached its lowest point at 2,445 g* <jats:inline-formula> <jats:alternatives> <m:math xmlns:m=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" overflow=\"scroll\"> <m:mrow> <m:msup> <m:mrow> <m:mo>(</m:mo> <m:msup> <m:mi>m</m:mi> <m:mn>2</m:mn> </m:msup> <m:mrow> <m:mo>*</m:mo> <m:mn>24</m:mn> <m:mi>d</m:mi> </m:mrow> <m:mo>)</m:mo> </m:mrow> <m:mrow> <m:mo>−</m:mo> <m:mn>1</m:mn> </m:mrow> </m:msup> </m:mrow> </m:math> <jats:tex-math>${({m}^{2}ast 24d)}^{-1}$</jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic/j_npprj-2023-0088_ineq_001.png\"/> </jats:alternatives> </jats:inline-formula>. The findings demonstrated that the 1 % β-cyclodextrin/hydroxypropyl cellulose composite film effectively preserved the freshness of strawberries, reducing the weight loss rate by 1.65 % compared to the control group. In conclusion, this research highlights the potential for preparing composite membranes using HPC and β-CD crosslinking, thereby expanding the application of hydroxypropyl cellulose and β-CD in food preservation.","PeriodicalId":19315,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141949112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Flexural vibration (FV), torsional vibration (TV), static torsion (ST), longitudinal vibration (OAV), and tension (OAT) of 45° off-axis tests of flat pieces of cardboards were analyzed to determine the in-plane shear modulus (IPSM) using samples of various widths. The analyses were performed with simulations using the finite element method (FEM) for models with and without lamination and physical experiments using cardboard samples. For the FV, TV, and ST tests, the IPSM was calculated using binary search (BS) and linear regression (LR). The FEM results suggest that the IPSM values obtained from the TV and ST test simulations were affected by lamination. In contrast, the effect of lamination was not clear in the FV, OAV, and OAT test simulations. The coefficient of variation obtained from the FV experiments was often larger than that obtained from other tests. Despite this variation, the FV test is more attractive than the other tests because the experiments could be performed easily, and the effect of lamination could be reduced.
{"title":"Comparing the in-plane shear moduli of cardboard measured by flexural vibration, torsional vibration, static torsion, off-axis vibration, and off-axis tension tests","authors":"Hiroshi Yoshihara, Masahiro Yoshinobu, Makoto Maruta","doi":"10.1515/npprj-2023-0087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/npprj-2023-0087","url":null,"abstract":"Flexural vibration (FV), torsional vibration (TV), static torsion (ST), longitudinal vibration (OAV), and tension (OAT) of 45° off-axis tests of flat pieces of cardboards were analyzed to determine the in-plane shear modulus (IPSM) using samples of various widths. The analyses were performed with simulations using the finite element method (FEM) for models with and without lamination and physical experiments using cardboard samples. For the FV, TV, and ST tests, the IPSM was calculated using binary search (BS) and linear regression (LR). The FEM results suggest that the IPSM values obtained from the TV and ST test simulations were affected by lamination. In contrast, the effect of lamination was not clear in the FV, OAV, and OAT test simulations. The coefficient of variation obtained from the FV experiments was often larger than that obtained from other tests. Despite this variation, the FV test is more attractive than the other tests because the experiments could be performed easily, and the effect of lamination could be reduced.","PeriodicalId":19315,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141776285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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