Jie Li, Haitang Liu, Qian Wang, Yefan Wang, Lin Chen, Xin Jin, Zhihua Guo, Tingting Wang, Xinyuan Zhang
Abstract The hemicellulose was extracted from the Stachys floridana Shuttlew.ex Benth by ultrasonic-assisted, fractional alcohol precipitation method, mixed with chitosan solution, and coated on the surface of the paper with three layers, to explore the effect of its morphology, thermal stability, barrier, mechanical properties of coated paper. The results showed that the gas barrier property of the paper coated with hemicellulose – chitosan mixed solution decreased from 180 mL/min to 0.265 mL/min, the water barrier property increased from 0 to 84.8°, and the oil barrier property increased from 0 to Kit nº11. The tearing degree of paper increased by 9.2 %, the folding resistance increased by 1296.6 %, dry and wet tensile strength and dry and wet rupture resistance were also significantly improved. The thermal stability mixed solution coated paper is slightly lower than the base paper, but higher than the pure chitosan coated paper. The prepared S. floridana Shuttlew.ex Benth hemicellulose – chitosan blend coating has good barrier property and mechanical properties, and has a wide application prospect.
{"title":"Study on properties of paper coated with Stachys floridana Shuttlew.ex Benth hemicellulose – chitosan composite solution","authors":"Jie Li, Haitang Liu, Qian Wang, Yefan Wang, Lin Chen, Xin Jin, Zhihua Guo, Tingting Wang, Xinyuan Zhang","doi":"10.1515/npprj-2023-0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/npprj-2023-0019","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The hemicellulose was extracted from the Stachys floridana Shuttlew.ex Benth by ultrasonic-assisted, fractional alcohol precipitation method, mixed with chitosan solution, and coated on the surface of the paper with three layers, to explore the effect of its morphology, thermal stability, barrier, mechanical properties of coated paper. The results showed that the gas barrier property of the paper coated with hemicellulose – chitosan mixed solution decreased from 180 mL/min to 0.265 mL/min, the water barrier property increased from 0 to 84.8°, and the oil barrier property increased from 0 to Kit nº11. The tearing degree of paper increased by 9.2 %, the folding resistance increased by 1296.6 %, dry and wet tensile strength and dry and wet rupture resistance were also significantly improved. The thermal stability mixed solution coated paper is slightly lower than the base paper, but higher than the pure chitosan coated paper. The prepared S. floridana Shuttlew.ex Benth hemicellulose – chitosan blend coating has good barrier property and mechanical properties, and has a wide application prospect.","PeriodicalId":19315,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42400508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xuxing Li, Xuemei Wang, Jun Gao, Yingping Qi, Hua Li
Abstract As a cultural carrier of historical inheritance, paper has high cultural, historical and scientific research value. But with the passage of time and the change of the environment, many paper are aging and damaged. In order to protect the paper, epoxy cyclohexane/chitosan/methyl methacrylate composite material for paper protection was synthesized by radical grafting polymerization with potassium persulfate (KPS) as initiator and disodium hydrogen phosphate (DSP) as buffer reagent. Through single factor experiment, the synthetic condition was obtained as follows: 3 g of monomer dosage, 7.5 mL of initiator, 80 °C of reaction temperature, 3 h of reaction time. The aging test showed that the coating material could obviously improve the mechanical properties and anti-aging properties of paper. The reversibility experiment shows that the composite material has certain reversibility. The acid and alkali salt resistance experiment shows that the coating material could effectively resist external acid and alkali corrosion and protect paper. This study provides some theoretical guidance for the protection of paper cultural relics.
{"title":"Preparation and application of epoxy cyclohexane/chitosan/methyl methacrylate composite material","authors":"Xuxing Li, Xuemei Wang, Jun Gao, Yingping Qi, Hua Li","doi":"10.1515/npprj-2023-0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/npprj-2023-0018","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract As a cultural carrier of historical inheritance, paper has high cultural, historical and scientific research value. But with the passage of time and the change of the environment, many paper are aging and damaged. In order to protect the paper, epoxy cyclohexane/chitosan/methyl methacrylate composite material for paper protection was synthesized by radical grafting polymerization with potassium persulfate (KPS) as initiator and disodium hydrogen phosphate (DSP) as buffer reagent. Through single factor experiment, the synthetic condition was obtained as follows: 3 g of monomer dosage, 7.5 mL of initiator, 80 °C of reaction temperature, 3 h of reaction time. The aging test showed that the coating material could obviously improve the mechanical properties and anti-aging properties of paper. The reversibility experiment shows that the composite material has certain reversibility. The acid and alkali salt resistance experiment shows that the coating material could effectively resist external acid and alkali corrosion and protect paper. This study provides some theoretical guidance for the protection of paper cultural relics.","PeriodicalId":19315,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46042901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Helbrecht, M. Langhans, T. Meckel, M. Biesalski, S. Schabel
Abstract The aim of this work is to investigate the influence of fiber fibrillation and fines on the pore structure of well-defined regenerated fiber sheets as well as the water flow through the sheet. For this purpose, sheets were produced with refined, fibrillated fibers only, with unfibrillated fibers and fines, as well as with fibrillated fibers and fines. Next, the samples were analyzed by brightfield and fluorescence microscopy, mercury porosimetry, and an ascending test. Both the fibrils and the added fines reach into the pores between the fibers or are deposited there. As a result, pore size decreases and capillary flow slows down. The two effects overlap when the fiber surface is fibrillated and fines are present. Sheets with thicker fibers form a pore structure with larger pores in between the fibers. However, such a change in pore size has no significant influence on the flow of water through the sheet in the performed ascending tests. It is shown that a statistical model with the parameters fibrillation and fines content can be used to describe the ascending rate nearly as well as the Lucas–Washburn equation. Consequently, the equation could be improved by the addition of further fiber and sheet properties.
{"title":"Analyses of the effects of fiber diameter, fiber fibrillation, and fines content on the pore structure and capillary flow using laboratory sheets of regenerated fibers","authors":"C. Helbrecht, M. Langhans, T. Meckel, M. Biesalski, S. Schabel","doi":"10.1515/npprj-2022-0077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/npprj-2022-0077","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The aim of this work is to investigate the influence of fiber fibrillation and fines on the pore structure of well-defined regenerated fiber sheets as well as the water flow through the sheet. For this purpose, sheets were produced with refined, fibrillated fibers only, with unfibrillated fibers and fines, as well as with fibrillated fibers and fines. Next, the samples were analyzed by brightfield and fluorescence microscopy, mercury porosimetry, and an ascending test. Both the fibrils and the added fines reach into the pores between the fibers or are deposited there. As a result, pore size decreases and capillary flow slows down. The two effects overlap when the fiber surface is fibrillated and fines are present. Sheets with thicker fibers form a pore structure with larger pores in between the fibers. However, such a change in pore size has no significant influence on the flow of water through the sheet in the performed ascending tests. It is shown that a statistical model with the parameters fibrillation and fines content can be used to describe the ascending rate nearly as well as the Lucas–Washburn equation. Consequently, the equation could be improved by the addition of further fiber and sheet properties.","PeriodicalId":19315,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49309346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chen Gong, Shujie Fan, Bin Yang, Yu Zhang, Jianping Ni, Zhen-hua Su
Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate an effective approach for improving the dissolving pulp properties for making specialty fiber. The caustic and enzymatic treatment of the properties of dissolving pulp was conducted by analyzing the macromolecular structure and chemical composition. The results showed that the enzymatic treatment was more effective on influencing the macromolecular properties, while the caustic treatment had more influence on structural changing, mainly cellulose crystal structure and crystallinity. Meanwhile, to maintain a higher purity and higher brightness, caustic treatment would be beneficial in comparison with enzymatic treatment. The performance of caustic treated sample was evaluated in regarding to chemical composition and acetylation reaction performance, using commercial pulp as reference. The competitive feature of treated sample suggested its potential in future application.
{"title":"Caustic and enzymatic effects on dissolving pulp and its performance as specialty fiber","authors":"Chen Gong, Shujie Fan, Bin Yang, Yu Zhang, Jianping Ni, Zhen-hua Su","doi":"10.1515/npprj-2023-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/npprj-2023-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate an effective approach for improving the dissolving pulp properties for making specialty fiber. The caustic and enzymatic treatment of the properties of dissolving pulp was conducted by analyzing the macromolecular structure and chemical composition. The results showed that the enzymatic treatment was more effective on influencing the macromolecular properties, while the caustic treatment had more influence on structural changing, mainly cellulose crystal structure and crystallinity. Meanwhile, to maintain a higher purity and higher brightness, caustic treatment would be beneficial in comparison with enzymatic treatment. The performance of caustic treated sample was evaluated in regarding to chemical composition and acetylation reaction performance, using commercial pulp as reference. The competitive feature of treated sample suggested its potential in future application.","PeriodicalId":19315,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47237136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. N. Hugen, Eduardo Miranda, Allan de Amorim dos Santos, R. C. Lago, L. Silva, G. Tonoli, S. Ferreira
Abstract The main objective of this research is to evaluate the influence of coating based on cellulose micro/nanofibrils (CMF) and carboxylated styrene butadiene rubber (XSBR) on sack kraft paper, for possible use in packaging. Filmogenic solutions were applied manually as a coating on sack kraft paper. These solutions were prepared by suspensions of CMF 1.5 % w/v with the addition of different content of XSBR (0, 2, 10, and 20 % about the total mass of CMF). Uncoated sack kraft paper was used as control. Films were obtained by casting and characterized physically, morphologically, and mechanically. The results demonstrated that XSBR and CMF composite suspension showed good performance as a coating on sack kraft paper. The formation of homogeneous structures well distributed on paper can be observed on scanning electron microscope images. Coatings containing XSBR presented a smoother surface, less porosity and hydrophilicity, and a greater coalescence, with good properties of air resistance and water vapor permeability. However, regarding mechanical properties, there were no improvements in coated papers. Therefore, the present study contributed information on the development of more flexible and hydrophobic cellulosic papers for possible applications in the industrial packaging sector.
{"title":"Effect of cellulose micro/nanofibrils and carboxylated styrene butadiene rubber coating on sack kraft paper","authors":"L. N. Hugen, Eduardo Miranda, Allan de Amorim dos Santos, R. C. Lago, L. Silva, G. Tonoli, S. Ferreira","doi":"10.1515/npprj-2023-0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/npprj-2023-0016","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The main objective of this research is to evaluate the influence of coating based on cellulose micro/nanofibrils (CMF) and carboxylated styrene butadiene rubber (XSBR) on sack kraft paper, for possible use in packaging. Filmogenic solutions were applied manually as a coating on sack kraft paper. These solutions were prepared by suspensions of CMF 1.5 % w/v with the addition of different content of XSBR (0, 2, 10, and 20 % about the total mass of CMF). Uncoated sack kraft paper was used as control. Films were obtained by casting and characterized physically, morphologically, and mechanically. The results demonstrated that XSBR and CMF composite suspension showed good performance as a coating on sack kraft paper. The formation of homogeneous structures well distributed on paper can be observed on scanning electron microscope images. Coatings containing XSBR presented a smoother surface, less porosity and hydrophilicity, and a greater coalescence, with good properties of air resistance and water vapor permeability. However, regarding mechanical properties, there were no improvements in coated papers. Therefore, the present study contributed information on the development of more flexible and hydrophobic cellulosic papers for possible applications in the industrial packaging sector.","PeriodicalId":19315,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48574528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Waste newspaper causes contamination to the environment. Conversion of waste newspaper into activated carbon is a potential strategy due to its high carbon content. This paper aims to summarize recent advances in the production of activated carbons from waste newspaper and their applications in adsorption and wastewater treatment. The physicochemical properties from the use of different chemical activators with special emphasize on sodium salts to facilitate the adsorption of water pollutants were compared. The high BET surface and cost effectiveness allow the waste newspaper-based activated carbon as an economical alternative to be mass-produced for wastewater treatment.
{"title":"Waste newspaper activation using sodium salts: a new perspective","authors":"Y. S. Hao, N. Othman, M. A. Ahmad Zaini","doi":"10.1515/npprj-2023-0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/npprj-2023-0014","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Waste newspaper causes contamination to the environment. Conversion of waste newspaper into activated carbon is a potential strategy due to its high carbon content. This paper aims to summarize recent advances in the production of activated carbons from waste newspaper and their applications in adsorption and wastewater treatment. The physicochemical properties from the use of different chemical activators with special emphasize on sodium salts to facilitate the adsorption of water pollutants were compared. The high BET surface and cost effectiveness allow the waste newspaper-based activated carbon as an economical alternative to be mass-produced for wastewater treatment.","PeriodicalId":19315,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48904694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kristofer Robertsson, J. Engqvist, M. Wallin, M. Ristinmaa, J. Tryding, Eric Borgqvist
Abstract Development of three-dimensional continuum models for paperboard is an active field and the need for reliable measurements to calibrate and validate such models is evident. An experimental device and protocol for cyclic out-of-plane loading is developed. This loading sequence is present during converting operations of paperboard. The experimental tests reveals that the commonly observed soft initial non-linear response during out-of-plane compression is a structural effect that stems from the surface roughness rather than being an inherent material behavior. A gluing procedure, used to perform cyclic out-of-plane loading, is mitigating the effect of the surface roughness. Several novel cyclic loading experiments are performed, alternating between compression and tension which indicates that fiber bonds are not recovered in compression after they have been broken through delamination. Measurements also show that the transition in compression and tension is continuous, hence the use of a switch function present in a number of constitutive continuum models for paperboard is deemed questionable.
{"title":"Out-of-plane uniaxial loading of paperboard: experimental procedure and evaluation","authors":"Kristofer Robertsson, J. Engqvist, M. Wallin, M. Ristinmaa, J. Tryding, Eric Borgqvist","doi":"10.1515/npprj-2023-0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/npprj-2023-0017","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Development of three-dimensional continuum models for paperboard is an active field and the need for reliable measurements to calibrate and validate such models is evident. An experimental device and protocol for cyclic out-of-plane loading is developed. This loading sequence is present during converting operations of paperboard. The experimental tests reveals that the commonly observed soft initial non-linear response during out-of-plane compression is a structural effect that stems from the surface roughness rather than being an inherent material behavior. A gluing procedure, used to perform cyclic out-of-plane loading, is mitigating the effect of the surface roughness. Several novel cyclic loading experiments are performed, alternating between compression and tension which indicates that fiber bonds are not recovered in compression after they have been broken through delamination. Measurements also show that the transition in compression and tension is continuous, hence the use of a switch function present in a number of constitutive continuum models for paperboard is deemed questionable.","PeriodicalId":19315,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48351496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.1515/npprj-2023-frontmatter2
{"title":"Frontmatter","authors":"","doi":"10.1515/npprj-2023-frontmatter2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/npprj-2023-frontmatter2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19315,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135983377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gulnur Mertoglu Elmas, Beyza Karabulut, Sultan Bekiroglu Ozturk, C. Atik, S. Sonmez
Abstract Paper has been used in the field of hygiene for centuries. Tissue papers have low grammage, creped or non-creped surface, and consisting of one or more layers from virgin papers. Toilet paper, which has an important area of use, comes at the beginning of the tissue papers divided into various product groups. Its use has increased even more with the effect of the coronavirus pandemic. Increasing use of toilet paper causes clogging in sewers as solid waste. Because an important and large part of the sewage is composed of cellulosic structures. Therefore, the disintegration of toilet paper is an important issue. The main properties of toilet paper are characterized by grammage, thickness, polymerization degree, softness and wet tensile strength. This study, it was aimed to determine the relationship between the degree of polymerization, thickness, grammage, softness and wet tension strength of toilet papers, which accumulate in the sewer pipes and cause clogging, and their disintegration in tap water and pure water at environment of different pH levels. A great level and positive linear relationship was found between grammage and in disintegration pH9. It was determined a low level and positive relationship with wet tensile strength in disintegration tap water.
{"title":"Disintegration of toilet papers used in shopping malls","authors":"Gulnur Mertoglu Elmas, Beyza Karabulut, Sultan Bekiroglu Ozturk, C. Atik, S. Sonmez","doi":"10.1515/npprj-2022-0089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/npprj-2022-0089","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Paper has been used in the field of hygiene for centuries. Tissue papers have low grammage, creped or non-creped surface, and consisting of one or more layers from virgin papers. Toilet paper, which has an important area of use, comes at the beginning of the tissue papers divided into various product groups. Its use has increased even more with the effect of the coronavirus pandemic. Increasing use of toilet paper causes clogging in sewers as solid waste. Because an important and large part of the sewage is composed of cellulosic structures. Therefore, the disintegration of toilet paper is an important issue. The main properties of toilet paper are characterized by grammage, thickness, polymerization degree, softness and wet tensile strength. This study, it was aimed to determine the relationship between the degree of polymerization, thickness, grammage, softness and wet tension strength of toilet papers, which accumulate in the sewer pipes and cause clogging, and their disintegration in tap water and pure water at environment of different pH levels. A great level and positive linear relationship was found between grammage and in disintegration pH9. It was determined a low level and positive relationship with wet tensile strength in disintegration tap water.","PeriodicalId":19315,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal","volume":"38 1","pages":"321 - 332"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43273081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The interlaminar shear modulus of cardboards was measured using torsional vibration (TV) and flexural vibration (FV) methods. In the TV method, the sample widths were decreased during the tests, and the interlaminar and in-plane shear moduli were determined using the data obtained based on the different widths. By contrast, in the FV method, the resonance frequencies from the first to third FV modes were measured using samples of various lengths, and the interlaminar shear modulus and Young’s modulus in the length direction were calculated using Timoshenko’s vibration theory. In addition to the experiment, modal analyses based on the finite element (FE) method were performed, and the sample configurations used to accurately obtain the interlaminar shear modulus were experimentally and numerically investigated. The TV method did not allow the interlaminar shear modulus to be obtained appropriately because the vibration behavior often deviated from that theoretically derived by the TV equation. By contrast, the FV method allowed the interlaminar shear modulus to be obtained appropriately for a wide range of sample lengths.
{"title":"Interlaminar shear modulus of cardboard obtained by torsional and flexural vibration tests","authors":"H. Yoshihara, Masahiro Yoshinobu, M. Maruta","doi":"10.1515/npprj-2023-0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/npprj-2023-0022","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The interlaminar shear modulus of cardboards was measured using torsional vibration (TV) and flexural vibration (FV) methods. In the TV method, the sample widths were decreased during the tests, and the interlaminar and in-plane shear moduli were determined using the data obtained based on the different widths. By contrast, in the FV method, the resonance frequencies from the first to third FV modes were measured using samples of various lengths, and the interlaminar shear modulus and Young’s modulus in the length direction were calculated using Timoshenko’s vibration theory. In addition to the experiment, modal analyses based on the finite element (FE) method were performed, and the sample configurations used to accurately obtain the interlaminar shear modulus were experimentally and numerically investigated. The TV method did not allow the interlaminar shear modulus to be obtained appropriately because the vibration behavior often deviated from that theoretically derived by the TV equation. By contrast, the FV method allowed the interlaminar shear modulus to be obtained appropriately for a wide range of sample lengths.","PeriodicalId":19315,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47455865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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