Gunnar Henriksson, Ulf Germgård, Mikael E. Lindström
Kraft pulping of wood is based on efficient depolymerization and solubilization of lignin, while cellulose is relatively undamaged. Non-cellulose cell wall polysaccharides are however in some cases heavily degraded, especially pectin and to a lesser degree also glucomannan while, xylan is relatively stable. In this mini-review, the most important reactions in lignin and polysaccharide degradation in kraft pulping are described, both the technically favorable and the problematic reactions, and the chemical background to discuss the advantages and drawbacks of the process. An attempt to put the different reactions in the perspective of the goals of the pulping process is made and a special focus is on the development of color in the pulp fiber during the kraft pulping.
{"title":"A review on chemical mechanisms of kraft pulping","authors":"Gunnar Henriksson, Ulf Germgård, Mikael E. Lindström","doi":"10.1515/npprj-2023-0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/npprj-2023-0015","url":null,"abstract":"Kraft pulping of wood is based on efficient depolymerization and solubilization of lignin, while cellulose is relatively undamaged. Non-cellulose cell wall polysaccharides are however in some cases heavily degraded, especially pectin and to a lesser degree also glucomannan while, xylan is relatively stable. In this mini-review, the most important reactions in lignin and polysaccharide degradation in kraft pulping are described, both the technically favorable and the problematic reactions, and the chemical background to discuss the advantages and drawbacks of the process. An attempt to put the different reactions in the perspective of the goals of the pulping process is made and a special focus is on the development of color in the pulp fiber during the kraft pulping.","PeriodicalId":19315,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140938667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Nakib Hossen, M. Mostafizur Rahman, Sharmin Islam, M. Sarwar Jahan
The main drawback of recycled fibers is the deterioration of fiber bonding dependent papermaking properties (like tensile, tear and burst indexes) due to the hornification effect, as a results of drying during papermaking. In order to improve the papermaking properties through increasing fiber bonding, an alkaline treatment of Old Corrugated Cardboard (OCC) followed by fractionation were carried out in this investigation. Alkaline treatment dissolved 6.6 % organics (carbohydrates and lignin) and fibers became wider as a results of fiber swelling. The alkali treatment decreased fines from 39.9 % to 28.5 %, consequently, decreased drainage resistance from 26 °SR to 21 °SR. The papermaking properties of OCC pulp increased on alkaline treatment. Fiber fractionation of alkaline treated OCC further increased papermaking properties. At 40 °SR value, the tensile index, burst index and tear index of alkaline treated longer fiber fraction was 49 N m/g, 3.2 kPa m2/g, 7.2 mN m2/g, respectively while it was 40.4 N m/g, 2.1 kPa m2/g and 6.1 kPa m2/g, for non-treated longer fiber fraction, respectively.
{"title":"Alkaline treatment and fractionation of OCC for strength improvement","authors":"M. Nakib Hossen, M. Mostafizur Rahman, Sharmin Islam, M. Sarwar Jahan","doi":"10.1515/npprj-2024-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/npprj-2024-0008","url":null,"abstract":"The main drawback of recycled fibers is the deterioration of fiber bonding dependent papermaking properties (like tensile, tear and burst indexes) due to the hornification effect, as a results of drying during papermaking. In order to improve the papermaking properties through increasing fiber bonding, an alkaline treatment of Old Corrugated Cardboard (OCC) followed by fractionation were carried out in this investigation. Alkaline treatment dissolved 6.6 % organics (carbohydrates and lignin) and fibers became wider as a results of fiber swelling. The alkali treatment decreased fines from 39.9 % to 28.5 %, consequently, decreased drainage resistance from 26 °SR to 21 °SR. The papermaking properties of OCC pulp increased on alkaline treatment. Fiber fractionation of alkaline treated OCC further increased papermaking properties. At 40 °SR value, the tensile index, burst index and tear index of alkaline treated longer fiber fraction was 49 N m/g, 3.2 kPa m<jats:sup>2</jats:sup>/g, 7.2 mN m<jats:sup>2</jats:sup>/g, respectively while it was 40.4 N m/g, 2.1 kPa m<jats:sup>2</jats:sup>/g and 6.1 kPa m<jats:sup>2</jats:sup>/g, for non-treated longer fiber fraction, respectively.","PeriodicalId":19315,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140826662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Satyasarathi Poddar, Eskil Andreasson, Mikael Nygårds
Tensile properties of paperboard have been characterized, and it has been shown that paper tensile properties are dependent on the strain rate. Tensile testing was done using strain rates in the range 10−4–3 s−1, which corresponds to crosshead movements ranging from 1 up to 24,000 mm/min, using an electro-mechanical testing machine. Two paperboards, and its free-laid top, middle and bottom plies were characterized in MD and CD. The testing was limited by the maximum crosshead speed of the testing machine. Initially 50 mm (grip to grip) long samples were tested, but to test even higher strain rates also short samples with length of 5 mm were tested. The results showed that ultimate strength increased by 9 % per decade increasing of testing rate, and Young’s modulus increased by 7 %. This shows that the previously reported rule of thumb of 10 % increase of in-plane strength per decade increase of strain rate holds. The testing here shows that this is valid also at strain rates as high as 3 s−1. Moreover, the strain at break in CD for long tensile specimens was observed to decrease when the strain rate exceeded 0.1 s−1, which resulted in straighter crack paths.
{"title":"Rate-dependent tensile properties of paperboard and its plies","authors":"Satyasarathi Poddar, Eskil Andreasson, Mikael Nygårds","doi":"10.1515/npprj-2024-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/npprj-2024-0012","url":null,"abstract":"Tensile properties of paperboard have been characterized, and it has been shown that paper tensile properties are dependent on the strain rate. Tensile testing was done using strain rates in the range 10<jats:sup>−4</jats:sup>–3 s<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>, which corresponds to crosshead movements ranging from 1 up to 24,000 mm/min, using an electro-mechanical testing machine. Two paperboards, and its free-laid top, middle and bottom plies were characterized in MD and CD. The testing was limited by the maximum crosshead speed of the testing machine. Initially 50 mm (grip to grip) long samples were tested, but to test even higher strain rates also short samples with length of 5 mm were tested. The results showed that ultimate strength increased by 9 % per decade increasing of testing rate, and Young’s modulus increased by 7 %. This shows that the previously reported rule of thumb of 10 % increase of in-plane strength per decade increase of strain rate holds. The testing here shows that this is valid also at strain rates as high as 3 s<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>. Moreover, the strain at break in CD for long tensile specimens was observed to decrease when the strain rate exceeded 0.1 s<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>, which resulted in straighter crack paths.","PeriodicalId":19315,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140810660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Robert H. Pelton, Abdollah Karami, Jose Moran-Mirabal
The adsorption of cationic water-soluble polymers onto negatively charged porous wood pulp fibers is an essential aspect of papermaking. Adsorption data can be displayed as a direct plot of the amount adsorbed, Γ, versus the amount of polymer added or as an isotherm plot showing the amount adsorbed versus the residual unadsorbed polymer. In either data presentation, the analysis is more transparent if the units of each axis are the same (e.g., mg/g or meq/g), giving dimensionless slopes. Values for Γmax, ΓI, fI, and Γme can be extracted from many isotherms where: Γmax is the maximum capacity of the fibers to adsorb polymer; ΓI is the y-axis isotherm intercept and gives the maximum dose that can be fully adsorbed; fI is the slope of the direct plot at ΓI, and fI is the mass fraction of the added polymer that can access interior (pore) surfaces; and, Γme is the saturated amount of polymer adsorbed on exterior surfaces. Additionally, the molecular weight distribution of the adsorbing polymer in conjunction with the adsorption isotherm can be used to estimate the molecular weight distributions of adsorbed polymer on interior and exterior fiber surfaces as functions of the polymer dose.
阳离子水溶性聚合物在带负电荷的多孔木浆纤维上的吸附是造纸的一个重要方面。吸附数据可以显示为吸附量 Γ 与聚合物添加量的直接对比图，或显示为吸附量与未吸附聚合物残留量的等温线图。无论采用哪种数据表示方式，如果各轴的单位相同（如毫克/克或 meq/克），分析结果就会更加透明，从而得到无量纲斜率。可以从许多等温线中提取 Γmax、ΓI、f I 和 Γme 的值，其中Γmax 是纤维吸附聚合物的最大能力；ΓI 是 Y 轴等温线截距，给出了可完全吸附的最大剂量；f I 是 ΓI 处直接图的斜率，f I 是可进入内部（孔隙）表面的添加聚合物的质量分数；Γme 是吸附在外部表面的聚合物的饱和量。此外，吸附聚合物的分子量分布与吸附等温线相结合，可用于估算纤维内外表面吸附聚合物的分子量分布与聚合物剂量的函数关系。
{"title":"Analysis of polydisperse polymer adsorption on porous cellulose fibers","authors":"Robert H. Pelton, Abdollah Karami, Jose Moran-Mirabal","doi":"10.1515/npprj-2023-0058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/npprj-2023-0058","url":null,"abstract":"The adsorption of cationic water-soluble polymers onto negatively charged porous wood pulp fibers is an essential aspect of papermaking. Adsorption data can be displayed as a direct plot of the amount adsorbed, Γ, versus the amount of polymer added or as an isotherm plot showing the amount adsorbed versus the residual unadsorbed polymer. In either data presentation, the analysis is more transparent if the units of each axis are the same (e.g., mg/g or meq/g), giving dimensionless slopes. Values for Γ<jats:sub>max</jats:sub>, Γ<jats:sub>I</jats:sub>, <jats:italic>f</jats:italic> <jats:sub>I</jats:sub> <jats:italic>,</jats:italic> and Γ<jats:sub>me</jats:sub> can be extracted from many isotherms where: Γ<jats:sub>max</jats:sub> is the maximum capacity of the fibers to adsorb polymer; Γ<jats:sub>I</jats:sub> is the <jats:italic>y</jats:italic>-axis isotherm intercept and gives the maximum dose that can be fully adsorbed; <jats:italic>f</jats:italic> <jats:sub>I</jats:sub> is the slope of the direct plot at Γ<jats:sub>I,</jats:sub> and <jats:italic>f</jats:italic> <jats:sub> <jats:italic>I</jats:italic> </jats:sub> is the mass fraction of the added polymer that can access interior (pore) surfaces; and, Γ<jats:sub>me</jats:sub> is the saturated amount of polymer adsorbed on exterior surfaces. Additionally, the molecular weight distribution of the adsorbing polymer in conjunction with the adsorption isotherm can be used to estimate the molecular weight distributions of adsorbed polymer on interior and exterior fiber surfaces as functions of the polymer dose.","PeriodicalId":19315,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140801161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The utilization of mulch stands as a paramount approach in the management of wind erosion and the stabilization of soil and drifting sands. This study aimed to explore the impact of various concentrations of spent liquor (20 %, 30 %, and 50 % v/v) derived from SO2–ethanol–water (SEW) fractionation of Eucalyptus wood on the physical and mechanical properties of sand. These properties encompassed moisture content, thickness, temperature, electrical conductivity (EC), wind erodibility, penetration resistance, and seed germination. The findings revealed that the highest compressive strength (0.76 MPa) was attained with mulch consisting of 50 % SEW spent liquor, resulting in a 3.3-fold increase in penetration resistance compared to the control treatment. Furthermore, the 20 % concentration of spent liquor did not adversely affect the germination of black saxaul (Haloxylon ammodendron), whereas the lowest seed germination rate was associated with the 50 % concentration. Based on the measured parameters, the optimal mulch treatment for stabilizing drifting sands was identified as mulch with a 50 % (v/v) concentration. This study underscores the efficacy of SEW spent liquor in dust control and mitigating its environmental impacts, thus highlighting its potential in sustainable soil management practices.
利用覆盖物是治理风蚀、稳定土壤和流沙的重要方法。本研究旨在探讨桉树木材经二氧化硫-乙醇-水（SEW）分馏后产生的不同浓度废液（20%、30% 和 50% v/v）对沙子物理和机械性能的影响。这些特性包括含水量、厚度、温度、导电率（EC）、风蚀性、抗穿透性和种子发芽率。研究结果表明，含 50% SEW 废液的地膜抗压强度最高（0.76 兆帕），与对照处理相比，抗渗透性提高了 3.3 倍。此外，20%浓度的废液不会对黑刺桐（Haloxylon ammodendron）的发芽造成不利影响，而 50%浓度的废液则会导致种子发芽率最低。根据测得的参数，稳定流沙的最佳地膜处理方法是使用浓度为 50%（v/v）的地膜。这项研究强调了 SEW 废液在粉尘控制和减轻环境影响方面的功效，从而突出了其在可持续土壤管理实践中的潜力。
{"title":"Influence of spent liquor obtained from SO2–ethanol–water (SEW) fractionation of Eucalyptus on drifting sands stabilization","authors":"Mohammadreza Dehghani Firouzabadi, Aliasghar Tatari","doi":"10.1515/npprj-2023-0082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/npprj-2023-0082","url":null,"abstract":"The utilization of mulch stands as a paramount approach in the management of wind erosion and the stabilization of soil and drifting sands. This study aimed to explore the impact of various concentrations of spent liquor (20 %, 30 %, and 50 % v/v) derived from SO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>–ethanol–water (SEW) fractionation of Eucalyptus wood on the physical and mechanical properties of sand. These properties encompassed moisture content, thickness, temperature, electrical conductivity (EC), wind erodibility, penetration resistance, and seed germination. The findings revealed that the highest compressive strength (0.76 MPa) was attained with mulch consisting of 50 % SEW spent liquor, resulting in a 3.3-fold increase in penetration resistance compared to the control treatment. Furthermore, the 20 % concentration of spent liquor did not adversely affect the germination of black saxaul (<jats:italic>Haloxylon ammodendron</jats:italic>), whereas the lowest seed germination rate was associated with the 50 % concentration. Based on the measured parameters, the optimal mulch treatment for stabilizing drifting sands was identified as mulch with a 50 % (v/v) concentration. This study underscores the efficacy of SEW spent liquor in dust control and mitigating its environmental impacts, thus highlighting its potential in sustainable soil management practices.","PeriodicalId":19315,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140609771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Foam-forming technique imparts ceramic fiber paper with excellent uniformity, low density, and high porosity, but its strength loss must be compensated. Herein, a flexible and rigid foam-formed ceramic fiber network was manufactured by using different strength improvement methods and simultaneously investigated their strength and thermal insulation properties. Sufficient strength (1136 kPa) was achieved by combining Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) 2 % and Polyester (PET) 3 %. However, the tensile strength of fiber networks would decrease under the contribution of inter-fiber bonding area reduced when the fiber length was longer than 24 mm. Benefiting from the developed flocculation system (aluminum sol-anionic polyacrylamide-carboxymethylcellulose), the strength of the foam-formed ceramic fiber network was 20 kPa, the retention rate increased from 75 % to 88 %, and the average aggregation factor of fillers in the Z direction was 0.67. By adjusting the ratio and Z-directional distribution of functional fillers, the sintered foam-formed paper with a tensile strength of 1300 kPa and compressive strength of 1000 kPa could be obtained. The thermal insulation performance (thermal conductivity 0.03252 W/(m·K)) was similar to the quartz fiber paper reinforced silica airgel, and the flame resistance was better than the commercialized aluminum silicate wool board.
{"title":"Strength and thermal insulation properties of foam-formed ceramic fiber paper with different reinforcement methods","authors":"Fuqing Hou, Nengxin Ding, Huikang Yang, Mengle Huang, Chunhui Zhang","doi":"10.1515/npprj-2023-0086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/npprj-2023-0086","url":null,"abstract":"Foam-forming technique imparts ceramic fiber paper with excellent uniformity, low density, and high porosity, but its strength loss must be compensated. Herein, a flexible and rigid foam-formed ceramic fiber network was manufactured by using different strength improvement methods and simultaneously investigated their strength and thermal insulation properties. Sufficient strength (1136 kPa) was achieved by combining Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) 2 % and Polyester (PET) 3 %. However, the tensile strength of fiber networks would decrease under the contribution of inter-fiber bonding area reduced when the fiber length was longer than 24 mm. Benefiting from the developed flocculation system (aluminum sol-anionic polyacrylamide-carboxymethylcellulose), the strength of the foam-formed ceramic fiber network was 20 kPa, the retention rate increased from 75 % to 88 %, and the average aggregation factor of fillers in the <jats:italic>Z</jats:italic> direction was 0.67. By adjusting the ratio and <jats:italic>Z</jats:italic>-directional distribution of functional fillers, the sintered foam-formed paper with a tensile strength of 1300 kPa and compressive strength of 1000 kPa could be obtained. The thermal insulation performance (thermal conductivity 0.03252 W/(m·K)) was similar to the quartz fiber paper reinforced silica airgel, and the flame resistance was better than the commercialized aluminum silicate wool board.","PeriodicalId":19315,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140576173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Due to a shortage of resources, exploring new biomass fillers has become critical for paper making. In this study, we reported an eco-friendly strategy for fabricating low-cost and efficient recycled paper with high mechanical properties using corrugated cardboard waste paper and harmless municipal sludge (HMS). First, the characteristics of HMS, including the particle size, pH, specific surface area, organic functional groups and organic component content, were analyzed. Then, the influence of the amount of HMS on the properties of the recycled paper was studied. Finally, the strengthening mechanism of biomass filling recycled paper was discussed. The results showed that HMS, a biomass filler for recycled paper preparation, exhibited excellent physical and chemical properties, with a median particle size of 6.395 μm, a surface area of 39.974 m2 g−1 and organic functional groups. The tensile index of the recycled paper with 30 % HMS was 13.10 Nm/g, which was 16.4 % greater than that of the unfilled paper and showed better thermal stability. This excellent performance could be attributed to the uniform distribution of HMS on the fiber surface, which improved the accessibility of hydrogen bond formation between fibers. Thus, this study proved that HMS was an excellent biomass filler for producing recycled paper.
由于资源短缺，探索新的生物质填料已成为造纸的关键。在这项研究中，我们报告了一种利用瓦楞纸板废纸和无害市政污泥（HMS）制造具有高机械性能的低成本高效再生纸的环保策略。首先，分析了无害市政污泥的粒度、pH 值、比表面积、有机官能团和有机成分含量等特性。然后，研究了 HMS 的用量对再生纸性能的影响。最后，讨论了生物质填充再生纸的强化机理。结果表明，HMS 作为一种用于再生纸制备的生物质填料，具有优异的物理和化学特性，其中位粒径为 6.395 μm，比表面积为 39.974 m2 g-1，并含有有机官能团。含 30% HMS 的再生纸的抗张指数为 13.10 Nm/g，比未填充纸的抗张指数高出 16.4%，并表现出更好的热稳定性。这种优异的性能可归因于 HMS 在纤维表面的均匀分布，从而提高了纤维间形成氢键的可能性。因此，这项研究证明了 HMS 是生产再生纸的一种出色的生物质填料。
{"title":"Production of recycled paper using harmless municipal sludge as a new biomass filler","authors":"Hao Sun, Xiyu Chen, Lingjun Wei, Jieyu Cui, Wanlu Zhang, Longfei Liu","doi":"10.1515/npprj-2024-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/npprj-2024-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Due to a shortage of resources, exploring new biomass fillers has become critical for paper making. In this study, we reported an eco-friendly strategy for fabricating low-cost and efficient recycled paper with high mechanical properties using corrugated cardboard waste paper and harmless municipal sludge (HMS). First, the characteristics of HMS, including the particle size, pH, specific surface area, organic functional groups and organic component content, were analyzed. Then, the influence of the amount of HMS on the properties of the recycled paper was studied. Finally, the strengthening mechanism of biomass filling recycled paper was discussed. The results showed that HMS, a biomass filler for recycled paper preparation, exhibited excellent physical and chemical properties, with a median particle size of 6.395 μm, a surface area of 39.974 m<jats:sup>2</jats:sup> g<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> and organic functional groups. The tensile index of the recycled paper with 30 % HMS was 13.10 Nm/g, which was 16.4 % greater than that of the unfilled paper and showed better thermal stability. This excellent performance could be attributed to the uniform distribution of HMS on the fiber surface, which improved the accessibility of hydrogen bond formation between fibers. Thus, this study proved that HMS was an excellent biomass filler for producing recycled paper.","PeriodicalId":19315,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140576172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study delves into the dynamic evolution of solids content in a pilot-scale through air drying tissue machine, aiming to enhance comprehension and refine optimization strategies for tissue manufacturing. It focuses on development of solids content throughout the process. Analyzing the interaction between process parameters and solids content provides deeper insights into water removal dynamics. The research employs solid contents monitoring techniques in pilot scale, offering a detailed view of solids content evolution from the wet web’s inception to the final tissue product. It significantly highlights the impact of key parameters, particularly pulp refining, on solids content across all positions of the pilot machine. Additionally, the study emphasizes the influence of vacuum system configurations, identifying the relationship between energy expended in the vacuum system and evaporation energy. Furthermore, the results indicate that compression and air displacement dewatering in vacuum boxes are less speed-sensitive compared to heat-driven evaporation in the TAD- and Yankee cylinders. Solid contents at all positions in the tissue machine correlates between various dewatering elements. Optimizing site-specific dewatering and evaporation strategies can potentially save drying energy in the Yankee drying phase which hold promise for enhanced energy and resource utilization, aligning with demands for sustainable manufacturing practices.
本研究深入探讨了在试验规模的通过空气干燥卫生纸机中固体含量的动态演变，旨在提高对卫生纸生产的理解并完善优化策略。研究重点是整个过程中固体含量的变化。通过分析工艺参数和固体含量之间的相互作用，可以更深入地了解脱水动态。研究采用了中试规模的固体含量监测技术，提供了从湿网开始到最终卫生纸产品的固体含量演变的详细视图。它极大地突出了关键参数（尤其是纸浆磨浆）对中试设备所有位置的固体含量的影响。此外，研究还强调了真空系统配置的影响，确定了真空系统消耗的能量与蒸发能量之间的关系。此外，研究结果表明，与 TAD 和扬克缸中的热驱动蒸发相比，真空箱中的压缩和空气置换脱水对速度的敏感性较低。卫生纸机中各个位置的固体含量与各种脱水元件之间存在关联。优化特定位置的脱水和蒸发策略有可能节省扬克缸干燥阶段的干燥能耗，从而有望提高能源和资源利用率，满足可持续生产实践的要求。
{"title":"Monitoring solids content development in pilot-scale through air drying of tissue paper","authors":"Björn Sjöstrand, Viktor Bergström","doi":"10.1515/npprj-2023-0092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/npprj-2023-0092","url":null,"abstract":"This study delves into the dynamic evolution of solids content in a pilot-scale through air drying tissue machine, aiming to enhance comprehension and refine optimization strategies for tissue manufacturing. It focuses on development of solids content throughout the process. Analyzing the interaction between process parameters and solids content provides deeper insights into water removal dynamics. The research employs solid contents monitoring techniques in pilot scale, offering a detailed view of solids content evolution from the wet web’s inception to the final tissue product. It significantly highlights the impact of key parameters, particularly pulp refining, on solids content across all positions of the pilot machine. Additionally, the study emphasizes the influence of vacuum system configurations, identifying the relationship between energy expended in the vacuum system and evaporation energy. Furthermore, the results indicate that compression and air displacement dewatering in vacuum boxes are less speed-sensitive compared to heat-driven evaporation in the TAD- and Yankee cylinders. Solid contents at all positions in the tissue machine correlates between various dewatering elements. Optimizing site-specific dewatering and evaporation strategies can potentially save drying energy in the Yankee drying phase which hold promise for enhanced energy and resource utilization, aligning with demands for sustainable manufacturing practices.","PeriodicalId":19315,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal","volume":"251 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140576187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
John Considine, D. Steven Keller, Matthew A. Arvanitis, Xiaoyan Tang
Evaluation of physical and mechanical heterogeneity in commercial paperboards is needed to promote their use in structural applications, especially within the field of packaging. Understanding the range of their behaviors is needed to compete with other materials in the current marketplace and expand in others. This work describes the physical and stiffness heterogeneities of twelve commercial materials using tensile tests in the cross-machine direction and several inverse analyses. The effects of grammage, thickness, and apparent density on tensile stiffness were evaluated in both the linear elastic and nonlinear regimes. Thickness and density provided the best explanation for elastic heterogeneous behavior in most of the materials; local grammage was not the best descriptor for any material. The analyses used here were not able to provide a good explanation of the nonlinear behavior, which was attributed to the development of large shear strains within the materials as they neared failure. This work provides a methodology for additional heterogeneous behavior examinations.
{"title":"Heterogeneity characterization of commercial structural papers","authors":"John Considine, D. Steven Keller, Matthew A. Arvanitis, Xiaoyan Tang","doi":"10.1515/npprj-2023-0080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/npprj-2023-0080","url":null,"abstract":"Evaluation of physical and mechanical heterogeneity in commercial paperboards is needed to promote their use in structural applications, especially within the field of packaging. Understanding the range of their behaviors is needed to compete with other materials in the current marketplace and expand in others. This work describes the physical and stiffness heterogeneities of twelve commercial materials using tensile tests in the cross-machine direction and several inverse analyses. The effects of grammage, thickness, and apparent density on tensile stiffness were evaluated in both the linear elastic and nonlinear regimes. Thickness and density provided the best explanation for elastic heterogeneous behavior in most of the materials; local grammage was not the best descriptor for any material. The analyses used here were not able to provide a good explanation of the nonlinear behavior, which was attributed to the development of large shear strains within the materials as they neared failure. This work provides a methodology for additional heterogeneous behavior examinations.","PeriodicalId":19315,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140576183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhonghua Sun, Jie Liang, Menghua Qin, Ruxia Ning, Xin Liu, Wei Sun, Xiang Li
Liquid mulching film is an emerging film material to replace the traditional plastic film, which causes wide public concern. In this study, a graft copolymer (LS-AA) was synthesized from sodium lignosulfonate (LS) by free radical polymerization, which was added as enhancer to the cationic starch (CS) solutions to obtain the CLA based film. The grafting conditions was optimized by response surface methodology (RSM) for the preparation of LS-AA, after that the LS-AA was characterized by FTIR, XRD, and TG. The highest grafting rate was obtained under the reaction conditions of 80 °C for 2.6 h with the mass ratio of monomer and LS of 5.5/5 at initiator dosage of 1 %. The fabricated liquid mulching film with addition of LS-AA showed outstanding anti-ultraviolet, biodegradation, anti-erosion, which provided theoretical base and practical references for popularizing and application of liquid mulching film in the dust prevention and sand fixation.
{"title":"Fabrication of modified lignin-based liquid mulching film and its potential application","authors":"Zhonghua Sun, Jie Liang, Menghua Qin, Ruxia Ning, Xin Liu, Wei Sun, Xiang Li","doi":"10.1515/npprj-2023-0071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/npprj-2023-0071","url":null,"abstract":"Liquid mulching film is an emerging film material to replace the traditional plastic film, which causes wide public concern. In this study, a graft copolymer (LS-AA) was synthesized from sodium lignosulfonate (LS) by free radical polymerization, which was added as enhancer to the cationic starch (CS) solutions to obtain the CLA based film. The grafting conditions was optimized by response surface methodology (RSM) for the preparation of LS-AA, after that the LS-AA was characterized by FTIR, XRD, and TG. The highest grafting rate was obtained under the reaction conditions of 80 °C for 2.6 h with the mass ratio of monomer and LS of 5.5/5 at initiator dosage of 1 %. The fabricated liquid mulching film with addition of LS-AA showed outstanding anti-ultraviolet, biodegradation, anti-erosion, which provided theoretical base and practical references for popularizing and application of liquid mulching film in the dust prevention and sand fixation.","PeriodicalId":19315,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140576168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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