The preparation of biodegradable mulch film with paper-based materials has become a significant focus in mulch film development due to the serious pollution caused by plastic mulch film. This study utilized the esterification cross-linking reaction of LA, PVA, and GA to coat the surface of paper as the substrate. FTIR, TGA, XRD, SEM, tensile testing, and oxygen, water vapor barrier performance tests were performed. The optimal conditions for film preparation were determined to be a 10 % PVA aqueous solution, 5 % GA content, and a PVA/LA/GA ratio of 1:2:1. The resulting film paper exhibited a dry strength of 6.52 kN/m, a wet strength of 0.23 kN/m, a tearing degree of 969.35 mN, a Cobb value of 12.04 g/m2, a water vapor transmission rate of 573.27 g m−2 24 h−1, and an oxygen transmission rate of 7.373 cm3 m−2 24 h−1. After a 6-week landfill degradation test, the film showed a degradation rate of 25.3 %, while still maintaining a tensile strength of 1.89 kN/m. Field application tests in greenhouses confirmed that the film paper facilitated the growth of strawberry, its mechanical and barrier properties suitable for a biodegradable paper mulch.
{"title":"Modification of polyvinyl alcohol with 2-hydroxypropionic acid and cross-linking with glutaraldehyde for the preparation of biodegradable mulch paper and its properties","authors":"Xunqian Wu, Xiaoming Song, Ziyi Cao, Yan Ma, Yanfeng Sun, Fushan Chen, Shanshan Gao","doi":"10.1515/npprj-2024-0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/npprj-2024-0014","url":null,"abstract":"The preparation of biodegradable mulch film with paper-based materials has become a significant focus in mulch film development due to the serious pollution caused by plastic mulch film. This study utilized the esterification cross-linking reaction of LA, PVA, and GA to coat the surface of paper as the substrate. FTIR, TGA, XRD, SEM, tensile testing, and oxygen, water vapor barrier performance tests were performed. The optimal conditions for film preparation were determined to be a 10 % PVA aqueous solution, 5 % GA content, and a PVA/LA/GA ratio of 1:2:1. The resulting film paper exhibited a dry strength of 6.52 kN/m, a wet strength of 0.23 kN/m, a tearing degree of 969.35 mN, a Cobb value of 12.04 g/m<jats:sup>2</jats:sup>, a water vapor transmission rate of 573.27 g m<jats:sup>−2</jats:sup> 24 h<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>, and an oxygen transmission rate of 7.373 cm<jats:sup>3</jats:sup> m<jats:sup>−2</jats:sup> 24 h<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>. After a 6-week landfill degradation test, the film showed a degradation rate of 25.3 %, while still maintaining a tensile strength of 1.89 kN/m. Field application tests in greenhouses confirmed that the film paper facilitated the growth of strawberry, its mechanical and barrier properties suitable for a biodegradable paper mulch.","PeriodicalId":19315,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal","volume":"90 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140576452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ashish Sharma, Vikas Rana, Praveen K. Gupta, Neetu Pandey
Complete utilization of different agricultural wastes is a great challenge before human society. The present study reports the valorization of rice straw for simultaneous production of reducing sugars and paper. The rice straw was first pre-extracted with water under different reaction conditions sequentially followed by papermaking. A maximum total reducing sugars (TRS) upto 12.38 % was extracted through aqueous pre-treatment. The pulped biomass was assessed for paper properties viz., tensile index, tear index, burst index, Kappa no. and brightness. For untreated rice straw tensile index, tear index and burst index were recorded within a range of 30.9–35.8 N m/g; 2.25–2.62 mN m2/g and 1.91–2.35 kN/g respectively where as it were ranged from 31.1 to 33.7 N m/g, 2.02–2.51 mN m2/g and 1.78–2.08 kN/g respectively for pretreated rice straw. Moreover, for untreated rice straw, kappa number and brightness were recorded in a range from 20.7 to 26.6 and 32.4 to 36.7 % ISO respectively, whereas for pre-treated rice straw it ranged from 19.1 to 26.3 and 31.6 to 35.5 % ISO respectively. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis and field emission gun scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) were further employed during the study. In overall, extraction of underutilized sugars prior to pulping may prove as an efficient route for apt utilization of sugars followed by papermaking in near future.
{"title":"Utilization of rice straw for parallel production of sugars rich extract and paper","authors":"Ashish Sharma, Vikas Rana, Praveen K. Gupta, Neetu Pandey","doi":"10.1515/npprj-2023-0081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/npprj-2023-0081","url":null,"abstract":"Complete utilization of different agricultural wastes is a great challenge before human society. The present study reports the valorization of rice straw for simultaneous production of reducing sugars and paper. The rice straw was first pre-extracted with water under different reaction conditions sequentially followed by papermaking. A maximum total reducing sugars (TRS) upto 12.38 % was extracted through aqueous pre-treatment. The pulped biomass was assessed for paper properties viz., tensile index, tear index, burst index, Kappa no. and brightness. For untreated rice straw tensile index, tear index and burst index were recorded within a range of 30.9–35.8 N m/g; 2.25–2.62 mN m<jats:sup>2</jats:sup>/g and 1.91–2.35 kN/g respectively where as it were ranged from 31.1 to 33.7 N m/g, 2.02–2.51 mN m<jats:sup>2</jats:sup>/g and 1.78–2.08 kN/g respectively for pretreated rice straw. Moreover, for untreated rice straw, kappa number and brightness were recorded in a range from 20.7 to 26.6 and 32.4 to 36.7 % ISO respectively, whereas for pre-treated rice straw it ranged from 19.1 to 26.3 and 31.6 to 35.5 % ISO respectively. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis and field emission gun scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) were further employed during the study. In overall, extraction of underutilized sugars prior to pulping may prove as an efficient route for apt utilization of sugars followed by papermaking in near future.","PeriodicalId":19315,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140075360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The effects of different hot air speeds and temperatures on the drying characteristics of half-ripe rice paper were investigated by hot air convection drying experiments. The thin-layer drying experiments were carried out at three different combinations of air speeds of 1.97 m/s, 3.00 m/s, and 3.90 m/s and temperatures of 85 °C, 100 °C and 115 °C. The results show that among the 10 drying kinetic models selected, the Modified Page model is the most suitable model to describe the drying characteristics of the thin layer of half-ripe rice paper; the whole drying process exists obvious ascending, constant and descending processes; the effective moisture diffusion coefficient of half-ripe rice paper is in the range of 1.52656 × 10−9 m2/s–3.15816 × 10−9 m2/s, whose size increases with the increase of the hot wind speed and temperature. Its magnitude increases with the increase of wind speed and temperature; the drying activation energy of half-ripe rice paper is 6.55 kJ/mol calculated by Arrhenius equation.
{"title":"Drying characteristics and thin layer drying model of semi-mature rice paper","authors":"Weichao Wang, Yan Yan, Zhao Pan","doi":"10.1515/npprj-2023-0077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/npprj-2023-0077","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of different hot air speeds and temperatures on the drying characteristics of half-ripe rice paper were investigated by hot air convection drying experiments. The thin-layer drying experiments were carried out at three different combinations of air speeds of 1.97 m/s, 3.00 m/s, and 3.90 m/s and temperatures of 85 °C, 100 °C and 115 °C. The results show that among the 10 drying kinetic models selected, the Modified Page model is the most suitable model to describe the drying characteristics of the thin layer of half-ripe rice paper; the whole drying process exists obvious ascending, constant and descending processes; the effective moisture diffusion coefficient of half-ripe rice paper is in the range of 1.52656 × 10<jats:sup>−9 </jats:sup>m<jats:sup>2</jats:sup>/s–3.15816 × 10<jats:sup>−9 </jats:sup>m<jats:sup>2</jats:sup>/s, whose size increases with the increase of the hot wind speed and temperature. Its magnitude increases with the increase of wind speed and temperature; the drying activation energy of half-ripe rice paper is 6.55 kJ/mol calculated by Arrhenius equation.","PeriodicalId":19315,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140005002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Paper cultural relics, as the carriers of human civilization, inevitably deteriorate during the long-term storage. The restoration of those damaged or aged paper cultural relics is an important part of cultural relics protection. How to obtain the fiber with high permanence property is the key to the repair paper used to cultural relic restoration. Herein, in order to obtain high permanence lignocellulosic fiber, nano-CaCO3 was introduced inside the Wikstroemia bast fiber by in-situ mineralization. Under accelerated aging condition, the microstructure, chemical structure, crystallinity, degree of polymerization, variation of pH, alkali reserve and mechanical strength of the fiber before and after mineralization were studied. The results showed that nano-CaCO3 had no obvious effect on the properties of paper prepared from those mineralized fibers, but it can effectively neutralize the acid generated inside the fiber, slow down the degradation rate of cellulose and improve the permanence of the paper during the aging process. It provides a new insight for the manufacture of repair paper for cultural relics restoration.
{"title":"Effect of in-situ mineralization of calcium carbonate on the aging resistance of Wikstroemia bast fiber","authors":"Jian Wang, Yubo Wang, Xinyi Shao, Yuxuan Lin, Wenbao Song, Dehua Xu, Yifei Gao","doi":"10.1515/npprj-2023-0085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/npprj-2023-0085","url":null,"abstract":"Paper cultural relics, as the carriers of human civilization, inevitably deteriorate during the long-term storage. The restoration of those damaged or aged paper cultural relics is an important part of cultural relics protection. How to obtain the fiber with high permanence property is the key to the repair paper used to cultural relic restoration. Herein, in order to obtain high permanence lignocellulosic fiber, nano-CaCO<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> was introduced inside the Wikstroemia bast fiber by <jats:italic>in-situ</jats:italic> mineralization. Under accelerated aging condition, the microstructure, chemical structure, crystallinity, degree of polymerization, variation of pH, alkali reserve and mechanical strength of the fiber before and after mineralization were studied. The results showed that nano-CaCO<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> had no obvious effect on the properties of paper prepared from those mineralized fibers, but it can effectively neutralize the acid generated inside the fiber, slow down the degradation rate of cellulose and improve the permanence of the paper during the aging process. It provides a new insight for the manufacture of repair paper for cultural relics restoration.","PeriodicalId":19315,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139979639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Danillo Wisky Silva, Felipe Gomes Batista, Mário Vanoli Scatolino, Adriano Reis Prazeres Mascarenhas, Dayane Targino de Medeiros, Gustavo Henrique Denzin Tonoli, Lourival Marin Mendes, Tiago Marcolino de Souza, Francisco Tarcísio Alves Junior
Using cellulosic micro/nanofibrils (MFC/NFC) in developing films for coatings and packaging has aroused industrial interest to replace plastic. This study proposes functionalizing packaging films composed of hybrid suspensions of 80 % titica vine (Heteropsis flexuosa) and 20 % Pinus to improve their mechanical properties. The MFC/NFC were produced by mechanical fibrillation and adding proportions of 1, 2.5, and 5 % of nanolignin, vegetal tannin, and synthetic termite saliva. Both suspensions had concentrations of 1 % (w/w). The MFC/NFC were evaluated for energy consumption, microstructural, and stability, while the films were for physical, optical, barrier, and mechanical properties. Films with nanolignin 2.5 % obtained lower WVP and degradation in water, with greater hydrophobicity and puncture strength. The treatment with tannin 1 % obtained higher density and lower porosity, while termite saliva 1 % presented higher tensile strength at around 53.1 MPa. The additives improved the quality index of the MFC/NFC (>51.1 points). It is concluded that adding different binders can help expand the use of MFC/NFC. New studies are essential to seek pre-treatments or alternative fibrillation methods to increase their application and efficiency for fiber cell wall fibrillation, in addition to the need for a deeper analytical understanding of the interactions of additives with cellulose.
{"title":"Nanofibrillated pulps from Amazonian species as a potential raw material for ecological packaging","authors":"Danillo Wisky Silva, Felipe Gomes Batista, Mário Vanoli Scatolino, Adriano Reis Prazeres Mascarenhas, Dayane Targino de Medeiros, Gustavo Henrique Denzin Tonoli, Lourival Marin Mendes, Tiago Marcolino de Souza, Francisco Tarcísio Alves Junior","doi":"10.1515/npprj-2023-0089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/npprj-2023-0089","url":null,"abstract":"Using cellulosic micro/nanofibrils (MFC/NFC) in developing films for coatings and packaging has aroused industrial interest to replace plastic. This study proposes functionalizing packaging films composed of hybrid suspensions of 80 % titica vine (<jats:italic>Heteropsis flexuosa</jats:italic>) and 20 % <jats:italic>Pinus</jats:italic> to improve their mechanical properties. The MFC/NFC were produced by mechanical fibrillation and adding proportions of 1, 2.5, and 5 % of nanolignin, vegetal tannin, and synthetic termite saliva. Both suspensions had concentrations of 1 % (w/w). The MFC/NFC were evaluated for energy consumption, microstructural, and stability, while the films were for physical, optical, barrier, and mechanical properties. Films with nanolignin 2.5 % obtained lower WVP and degradation in water, with greater hydrophobicity and puncture strength. The treatment with tannin 1 % obtained higher density and lower porosity, while termite saliva 1 % presented higher tensile strength at around 53.1 MPa. The additives improved the quality index of the MFC/NFC (>51.1 points). It is concluded that adding different binders can help expand the use of MFC/NFC. New studies are essential to seek pre-treatments or alternative fibrillation methods to increase their application and efficiency for fiber cell wall fibrillation, in addition to the need for a deeper analytical understanding of the interactions of additives with cellulose.","PeriodicalId":19315,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139757416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zehao Wang, Jingkun Yang, Hangtian Gao, Jianan Liu, Fengyu Li, Deli Zeng, Hongyan Mou, Huiming Fan
The resource utilization of fly ash has always been a popular topic in the field of solid waste recycling. This paper is based on the three-phase reaction system of “fly ash (s)-[Ca(OH)2–H2O/ethanol] (l)-CO2 (g)”, using the bubble carbonization method to carry out heterogeneous phase reaction with fly ash as the core crystallized to form a fly ash-based calcium carbonate composite with higher brightness. The composite material is used in the filling of paper instead of calcium carbonate filler. Based on the previous research of our team, we focused on exploring the addition of miscible wettability additives (ethanol and acetone) to improve the wettability of the reaction system, thereby improving the whitening and modification effect of fly ash. The results showed that the addition of ethanol and acetone can significantly improve the coating effect of fly ash, however, acetone is slightly toxic, more volatile, and expensive than ethanol, so ethanol is more suitable as a wetting agent to be added to the reaction system. Under the optimal coating conditions, when the ratio of ethanol and water is 1:1, the brightness of fly ash can reach 71.62 % ISO, which is 17.29 % ISO higher than that without ethanol.
{"title":"Research on the brightening effect of miscible wetting additives on fly ash coatings","authors":"Zehao Wang, Jingkun Yang, Hangtian Gao, Jianan Liu, Fengyu Li, Deli Zeng, Hongyan Mou, Huiming Fan","doi":"10.1515/npprj-2023-0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/npprj-2023-0020","url":null,"abstract":"The resource utilization of fly ash has always been a popular topic in the field of solid waste recycling. This paper is based on the three-phase reaction system of “fly ash (s)-[Ca(OH)<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>–H<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O/ethanol] (l)-CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> (g)”, using the bubble carbonization method to carry out heterogeneous phase reaction with fly ash as the core crystallized to form a fly ash-based calcium carbonate composite with higher brightness. The composite material is used in the filling of paper instead of calcium carbonate filler. Based on the previous research of our team, we focused on exploring the addition of miscible wettability additives (ethanol and acetone) to improve the wettability of the reaction system, thereby improving the whitening and modification effect of fly ash. The results showed that the addition of ethanol and acetone can significantly improve the coating effect of fly ash, however, acetone is slightly toxic, more volatile, and expensive than ethanol, so ethanol is more suitable as a wetting agent to be added to the reaction system. Under the optimal coating conditions, when the ratio of ethanol and water is 1:1, the brightness of fly ash can reach 71.62 % ISO, which is 17.29 % ISO higher than that without ethanol.","PeriodicalId":19315,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal","volume":"88 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139757251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the present study, a nanocellulose acetate and acrylate polymer composite membrane was formed by the phase transfer technique. The physical and mechanical properties, water flux, and desalination performance of the achieved composite membrane were investigated. When 3 % (w/w) acrylate polymer, 10 % acetylated nanocellulose, and 0.3 % mass fraction of TiO2 were used for the formation of the membrane, the obtained product could reach a tensile strength of 1.97 N/mm2 and a pure water flux of 51 L/(m2 h). Moreover, the composite membrane achieved a desalination rate of 92.4 %. Thus, the obtained composite membrane could meet the performance requirements for the treatment of industrial wastewater.
{"title":"Preparation and characterization of nanocellulose acetate and acrylate polymer composite membrane","authors":"Jiale Wang, Xianglin Qiu, Xukang Lang, Shanshan Gao, Xiaoming Song, Fushan Chen","doi":"10.1515/npprj-2023-0070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/npprj-2023-0070","url":null,"abstract":"In the present study, a nanocellulose acetate and acrylate polymer composite membrane was formed by the phase transfer technique. The physical and mechanical properties, water flux, and desalination performance of the achieved composite membrane were investigated. When 3 % (w/w) acrylate polymer, 10 % acetylated nanocellulose, and 0.3 % mass fraction of TiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> were used for the formation of the membrane, the obtained product could reach a tensile strength of 1.97 N/mm<jats:sup>2</jats:sup> and a pure water flux of 51 L/(m<jats:sup>2</jats:sup> h). Moreover, the composite membrane achieved a desalination rate of 92.4 %. Thus, the obtained composite membrane could meet the performance requirements for the treatment of industrial wastewater.","PeriodicalId":19315,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139757160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In Chinese paintings, the marriage of rice paper and ink is the soul of this art. Ink possesses a highly distinctive “color” expressiveness. By employing ink, various shades of black and diverse color effects can be portrayed, making the image more rich, vibrant, and three-dimensional on a rice paper. However, when used in traditional ink wash painting, the flow and penetration of conventional ink is difficult to control, and its carbon black particles make it a challenge to achieve multiple transparent gradients. Considering the water solubility and two-dimensional nanostructure of graphene oxide (GO), the authors of this paper has developed and proposed the use of water-based GO ink for Chinese ink wash painting, aiming to endow it with new aesthetic forms and unique expressive potentials.
在中国画中，宣纸与水墨的结合是这门艺术的灵魂。水墨具有非常独特的 "色彩 "表现力。通过水墨，可以描绘出深浅不一的黑色和多样的色彩效果，使宣纸上的画面更加丰富、生动和立体。然而，在传统水墨画中，传统水墨的流动性和渗透性难以控制，其炭黑颗粒也很难实现多重透明渐变。考虑到氧化石墨烯（GO）的水溶性和二维纳米结构，本文作者开发并提出了水性 GO 墨水在中国水墨画中的应用，旨在赋予其新的审美形式和独特的表现潜力。
{"title":"Penetration and spreading of graphene oxide ink in rice paper enabling its unique expressiveness in Chinese paintings","authors":"Ximei Liu, Cheng Teng, Jianlin Li","doi":"10.1515/npprj-2023-0041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/npprj-2023-0041","url":null,"abstract":"In Chinese paintings, the marriage of rice paper and ink is the soul of this art. Ink possesses a highly distinctive “color” expressiveness. By employing ink, various shades of black and diverse color effects can be portrayed, making the image more rich, vibrant, and three-dimensional on a rice paper. However, when used in traditional ink wash painting, the flow and penetration of conventional ink is difficult to control, and its carbon black particles make it a challenge to achieve multiple transparent gradients. Considering the water solubility and two-dimensional nanostructure of graphene oxide (GO), the authors of this paper has developed and proposed the use of water-based GO ink for Chinese ink wash painting, aiming to endow it with new aesthetic forms and unique expressive potentials.","PeriodicalId":19315,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139372765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Due to the increasing demands of consumers from the food packaging, it enabled the improve of active packaging practices. Antimicrobial and antifungal coatings or films are an active packaging application. In such packaging materials, natural or synthetic antimicrobial material is added to the film or coating to help the packaging protect food. The use of biofilms produced from biopolymers in food packaging is more suitable than polymers with many damages such as PET, PE. Film production of many biopolymers such as cellulose derivatives, chitosan, PVA, starch PLA can be realized. Pelargonium graveolens plant is a natural source with strong antifungal and antimicrobial properties. For the reasons explained above, the experimental study aims to manufacture printable film with antimicrobial properties which is used in active packaging, using cellulose butyrate acetate and Pelargonium graveolens essential oil. For this purpose, cellulose butyrate acetate bio films, having variative ratios (0.1, 2.5, 5, 10 %) of Pelargonium graveolens oil, were produced with spin coating method. The transparency of prepared five different films were defined by UV–vis. spectroscopy. The antimicrobial properties of the produced films were measured against gram positive and negative bacteria. All produced biofilms were printed. The printability parameters of biofilms, (color, gloss) were determined. Consequently, cellulose butyrate acetate films loaded with Pelargonium graveolens oil were successfully produced. It is concluded that obtained all biofilms are with no color, transparent and printable with oil based inks. It was determined that the quantity Pelargonium graveolens oil raised in the biofilms had a strong inhibitory effect against gram positive and negative bacteria. With these features; produced films are considered to be suitable for active packaging applications.
{"title":"Printable active packaging film with Pelargonium graveolens oil","authors":"Emine Arman Kandirmaz, Arif Ozcan","doi":"10.1515/npprj-2023-0033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/npprj-2023-0033","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Due to the increasing demands of consumers from the food packaging, it enabled the improve of active packaging practices. Antimicrobial and antifungal coatings or films are an active packaging application. In such packaging materials, natural or synthetic antimicrobial material is added to the film or coating to help the packaging protect food. The use of biofilms produced from biopolymers in food packaging is more suitable than polymers with many damages such as PET, PE. Film production of many biopolymers such as cellulose derivatives, chitosan, PVA, starch PLA can be realized. Pelargonium graveolens plant is a natural source with strong antifungal and antimicrobial properties. For the reasons explained above, the experimental study aims to manufacture printable film with antimicrobial properties which is used in active packaging, using cellulose butyrate acetate and Pelargonium graveolens essential oil. For this purpose, cellulose butyrate acetate bio films, having variative ratios (0.1, 2.5, 5, 10 %) of Pelargonium graveolens oil, were produced with spin coating method. The transparency of prepared five different films were defined by UV–vis. spectroscopy. The antimicrobial properties of the produced films were measured against gram positive and negative bacteria. All produced biofilms were printed. The printability parameters of biofilms, (color, gloss) were determined. Consequently, cellulose butyrate acetate films loaded with Pelargonium graveolens oil were successfully produced. It is concluded that obtained all biofilms are with no color, transparent and printable with oil based inks. It was determined that the quantity Pelargonium graveolens oil raised in the biofilms had a strong inhibitory effect against gram positive and negative bacteria. With these features; produced films are considered to be suitable for active packaging applications.","PeriodicalId":19315,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal","volume":"50 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138943695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sharmin Islam, Razia Sultana Popy, M. Nur Alam Likhon, M. Mostafizur Rahman, M. Sarwar Jahan
Trema orientalis and Trewia nudiflora are the fastest rotation trees (3–4 years’ rotation) in Bangladesh, and experimentally planted in social forestry in Gazipur district. Biorefinery is the most cited topic in research recent era in order to established circular bioeconomy. In established a biorefinery initiative, both species were fractionated into pulp, lignin and hemicellulose by formic acid (FA) treatment at atmospheric conditions. After alkaline peroxide bleaching of FA treated pulp, the yield was 47.0 % and 41.0 % with α-cellulose of 82.39 % and 81.61 %, and residual pentosan content of 9.26 % and 11.13 % for T. orientalis and T. nudiflora, respectively. The brightness of the pulps was 84.5 % and 85.0 %. Cold alkali extraction of the bleached pulp increased α-cellulose to 92.36 % and 91.29 % which was suitable for cellulose derivatives. Lignin was separated from the spent liquor by adding water. The FA lignin from hardwood replaced 20 % phenol in phenol-formaldehyde resin preparation without sacrifice of shear strength. The lignin separated FA liquor contains mainly pentose sugars, which was subsequently converted to furfural with a yield of 41.39 % and 41.72 % at 170 °C using 0.1 % H2SO4 catalyst from T. orientalis and T. nudiflora, respectively.
{"title":"Organic acid fractionation of hardwoods planted in social forestry","authors":"Sharmin Islam, Razia Sultana Popy, M. Nur Alam Likhon, M. Mostafizur Rahman, M. Sarwar Jahan","doi":"10.1515/npprj-2023-0065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/npprj-2023-0065","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:italic>Trema orientalis</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Trewia nudiflora</jats:italic> are the fastest rotation trees (3–4 years’ rotation) in Bangladesh, and experimentally planted in social forestry in Gazipur district. Biorefinery is the most cited topic in research recent era in order to established circular bioeconomy. In established a biorefinery initiative, both species were fractionated into pulp, lignin and hemicellulose by formic acid (FA) treatment at atmospheric conditions. After alkaline peroxide bleaching of FA treated pulp, the yield was 47.0 % and 41.0 % with α-cellulose of 82.39 % and 81.61 %, and residual pentosan content of 9.26 % and 11.13 % for <jats:italic>T. orientalis</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>T. nudiflora</jats:italic>, respectively. The brightness of the pulps was 84.5 % and 85.0 %. Cold alkali extraction of the bleached pulp increased α-cellulose to 92.36 % and 91.29 % which was suitable for cellulose derivatives. Lignin was separated from the spent liquor by adding water. The FA lignin from hardwood replaced 20 % phenol in phenol-formaldehyde resin preparation without sacrifice of shear strength. The lignin separated FA liquor contains mainly pentose sugars, which was subsequently converted to furfural with a yield of 41.39 % and 41.72 % at 170 °C using 0.1 % H<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>SO<jats:sub>4</jats:sub> catalyst from <jats:italic>T. orientalis</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>T. nudiflora</jats:italic>, respectively.","PeriodicalId":19315,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138581319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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