Nutrition and health最新文献

BackgroundWhile the anti-inflammatory effects of specific nutrients are well established, there is limited research on the relationship between overall dietary patterns and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Therefore, we aimed to assess the association between dietary inflammatory index (DII) scores and biochemical and body composition parameters in pre-dialysis CKD patients.MethodsThe DII scores of 143 pre-dialysis CKD subjects were calculated using 24-h recalls. Body composition was measured using bioelectric impedance-based InBody 770. Oxidative stress and total antioxidant capacity were measured using thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and uric acid-independent FRAP (FRAP_UA) assays respectively. C-reactive protein (CRP) was selected as an inflammatory marker while other biochemical parameters were analysed using diagnostic kits.ResultsSubjects were categorized into early-stage CKD (ES; eGFR: 30 to 59 ml/min/1.73 m²) and late-stage CKD (LS; eGFR: < 30 ml/min/1.73 m²). The ES group had a lower extracellular to total body water ratio (p < 0.01) and higher levels of whole-body phase angle (p < 0.01) compared to the LS group. However, FRAP_UA was higher in the LS group (p < 0.05). For each increase in DII score by 1, eGFR decreased by 2.31 ml/min/1.73 m² (p < 0.01) and phase angle by 0.11 degrees (p < 0.05). Consuming cereals and millets, other vegetables, roots and tubers, spices, poultry, oils and fats significantly contributed to the anti-inflammatory potential of the diet (p < 0.01).ConclusionA pro-inflammatory diet was associated with disease progression and decreased cell integrity, underscoring the importance of its consideration in CKD management.

The prevalence of disordered eating habits in college-aged females is at an all-time high. This population is more likely to experience issues with body image and poor eating behaviors due to the pressure of being a collegiate athlete. The objective of this qualitative study aimed to determine the prevalence of disordered eating habits in female collegiate athletes and determine if playing a sport puts them at risk of harmful behaviors. An anonymous survey was sent out to participants of various sports, asking them to answer a 10-question survey about eating habits and compensatory behaviors such as excessive exercise and caloric restriction. Results indicated that 75% of those surveyed said playing a collegiate sport negatively impacts their relationship with food, and 71% said playing a sport negatively impacts their body image. While some female athletes do not meet the clinical diagnostic criteria for an eating disorder, a large portion still displays disordered eating behaviors, which can be detrimental to their overall well-being. It is essential for the safety of these athletes that staff members, health professionals, and the athletes themselves are aware of these circumstances and can prevent them from progressing into fully diagnosed eating disorders.

BackgroundIncreasing interest in probiotics for mental health has led to products marketed to consumers claiming psychological benefits. This study aimed to identify mental health claims on probiotic supplements and to provide a narrative review of the scientific evidence to support these claims.MethodsProbiotic supplements with mental health claims on the product label were identified. A search of the scientific literature was performed using Google Scholar, PubMed and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Studies were included if the primary outcome was mental health or a biomarker of mental health, if they investigated the exact probiotic strain or combination of strains as present in the product, and if the study was a trial of probiotics conducted in either humans or animals. Included studies were assessed for risk of bias.ResultsFourteen probiotic products with mental health claims were identified containing five different strains or strain combinations. Eighteen studies relevant to the products and investigating mental health outcomes met inclusion criteria. Ten studies investigated the same combination of probiotics and provided evidence to support the claims made. Statistically significant results were not universally present for all products.ConclusionThe amount and quality of evidence to support claims of mental health benefits made on probiotic products is variable. The results support the need for a grading system to facilitate informed consumer decision-making when choosing a probiotic supplement to support mental health.

BackgroundMaternal time constraints lead to a lack of vegetable provision to children. Mothers use homemade meal strategies under time constraints; however, these strategies have not been well investigated.AimThis study aimed to classify the homemade meal strategies used by mothers under time constraints and to examine their association with the provision of vegetable dishes.MethodsWe conducted an online cross-sectional survey of 400 mothers of preschool children in Japan. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used to classify homemade meal strategies. The Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis test were used to compare the subscale scores by the demographic characteristics and provision of vegetable dishes, and logistic regression was used to predict the provision of vegetable dishes based on the subscales and adjusted for demographic characteristics.ResultsA 13-item scale comprising three subscales ("planning meals and shopping ahead," "use of convenience foods," and "batch cooking") was developed. Full-time employed mothers had higher scores for "use of convenience foods" and "batch cooking" than did unemployed mothers. "Batch cooking" was positively related to the provision of vegetable dishes more than seven times a week after adjusting for maternal demographic characteristics, whereas "use of convenience foods" was negatively related. "Planning meals and shopping ahead" was not associated with the provision of vegetable dishes.ConclusionsThe results of this study suggest that batch cooking is a recommended strategy under time constraints and that education on nutritional considerations when using convenience foods is required.

Background: Few studies have explored the relationship between constipation and not eating enough to feel satiety. Aim: The study aims to examine the association between constipation and not eating enough to feel satiety. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 189 children 3 to 6 years of age. Constipation was defined as two or fewer defecations per week. To assess the satiety of children, mothers were asked, "Does your child eat until he/she is full every day?" The response options were as follows: "eats every day," "eats occasionally," "neither eats every day nor eats occasionally," "does not eat much," or "does not eat at all." "Eats every day" was defined as eating enough to feel satiety. The other four responses were defined as not eating enough to feel satiety. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using a logistic regression analysis. Results: Thirty-nine (20.6%) children had constipation and 112 (59.3%) children did not eat enough to feel satiety. The association between constipation and not eating enough to feel satiety was significant. The crude OR of constipation for children who did not eat enough to feel satiety was 2.25 (95% CI 1.02-4.96). After adjusting for sex and age, the OR was 2.15 (95% CI 1.01-4.98). After further adjustment for underweight and overweight, the OR was 2.11 (95% CI 0.94-4.76). Conclusion: Not eating enough to feel satiety was associated with constipation independent of sex and age.

Aim: This study explores the relationship between e-healthy diet literacy and food consumption in individuals receiving nutrition counseling. Methods: Data were collected from 750 participants using a questionnaire covering socio-demographics, anthropometric data, food consumption habits, and the e-Healthy Diet Literacy Questionnaire (e-HDLQ). Results: Results showed that individuals receiving nutrition counseling had significantly higher total e-HDLQ scores and sub-factor scores for "Finding e-Healthy Diet Information (e-HDIF)," "Judging e-Healthy Diet Information (e-HDIJ)," and "Applying e-Healthy Diet Information (e-HDIA)" compared to those not receiving counseling (p < 0.01). Additionally, participants who consumed fresh fruits and vegetables had significantly higher "e-HDIJ" scores compared to non-consumers. Similarly, those who consumed sugar had higher "e-HDIJ" scores than those who avoided sugar (p < 0.01). This suggests that consuming fresh produce and sugar may positively impact the ability to evaluate dietary information. Interestingly, individuals who avoided bread and cereals scored significantly higher in the "e-HDIA" sub-factor than those who consumed these foods (p < 0.01). This indicates that abstaining from bread and grains may enhance the ability to apply dietary knowledge. Conclusion: In conclusion, the findings highlight the significant impact of nutrition counseling on digital diet literacy and suggest that dietary habits, such as consuming fresh produce, sugar, or avoiding bread and cereals, play an important role in shaping e-healthy diet literacy. These results offer valuable insights into improving dietary education and behavior in diverse populations.

Background: Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most prevalent congenital abnormality in children. Infants and children with CHD are at a higher risk of malnutrition. Aim: The purpose of this research was to investigate the frequency of anthropometric malnutrition, for example, underweight, wasting, and stunting, among infants and children with CHD attending the emergency room of a large tertiary hospital. Methods: Between January 2022 and August 2022, a cross-sectional study was carried out on 96 infants and children presenting with heart failure at Children's Hospital Cairo University. All enrolled participants had anthropometric and biochemical nutritional assessments. Anthropometric z-scores were calculated for each infant or child using WHO reference ranges. Biochemical and nutritional assessments were carried out through screening for iron deficiency anemia and electrolyte imbalances. Results: Ninety-six infants and children were enrolled in our study, with males representing 54.8%. Seventy percent of the patients were anthropometrically malnourished, with underweight being the most prevalent (59.4%). Some children had more than one type of malnutrition. Electrolyte imbalance was a major biochemical malnutrition indicator, with hypophosphatemia present in 39.6% of the enrolled children. Conclusion: Malnutrition poses a significant health problem in infants and children with CHDs. To improve outcomes, it is essential to integrate systematic measures for identifying and managing malnutrition into the care of these patients. Both anthropometric and biochemical malnutrition should be routinely screened in all clinical settings to ensure comprehensive management and support.

BackgroundThe global medicine market is projected to reach US$417 billion by 2033, reflecting rising demand for natural healthcare alternatives. Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) is widely used in Ayurvedic medicine for stress management, but evidence supporting its efficacy remains inconsistent.AimThis systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated Ashwagandha's impact on cortisol levels (a biological stress marker) and perceived stress via Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) scores across randomized controlled trials (RCTs).MethodPRISMA guidelines were followed. Four databases (PubMed, CINAHL, Google Scholar, and Scopus) were searched for studies from January 2012 to February 2024, yielding seven studies on cortisol and six on perceived stress (n = 488 participants). Inclusion criteria were RCTs longer than or equal to two weeks, oral doses ≥250 mg/day, and reporting cortisol and PSS outcomes. The Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tool was used to assess the risk of bias.ResultsThere was a statistically significant reduction in cortisol levels (-1.16 µg/dL, 95% CI: -1.64 to -0.69, P < 0.001). No significant impact was observed on perceived stress (SMD = -0.355, 95% CI: -1.188 to 0.47; P = 0.40). Heterogeneity was moderate (I² = 50.9%). However, no statistically significant impact was observed on perceived stress (SMD = -0.355, 95% CI: -1.188 to 0.47; P-value = 0.40). The heterogeneity among studies was moderate (I² = 50.9%). Risk of bias was generally moderate; most studies reported adequate randomization, but some lacked allocation concealment. No publication bias was detected.ConclusionFindings support Ashwagandha's role in lowering cortisol, but gaps remain regarding long-term safety, dosing, and effectiveness across diverse populations. The disconnect between cortisol and PSS outcomes highlights the need for longer treatment duration and broader demographic inclusion. Longitudinal research is recommended to validate Ashwagandha as a holistic stress management tool.

Background: Estimating the actual impact of eating out on calorie intake poses challenges due to the potential endogeneity of eating out. Controlling for endogeneity is essential to obtain more precise estimates. Aim: This study estimates the effect of eating out on calorie intake, specifically focusing on dinner among the three daily meals. Methods: The endogenous treatment effect model is employed, utilizing restricted-access data from the 2017 to 2020 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. To aid model identification, daily precipitation is used as an instrumental variable influencing the decision to eat dinner out. Results: Eating dinner out results in an additional intake of 388.39 Kcal compared to eating at home, whereas the model that does not control for the endogeneity estimates a 261 Kcal increase. The increase in calorie intake from eating dinner out varies significantly depending on individual characteristics. Conclusion: Eating out leads to a substantial amount of calorie intake. Managing the frequency of eating out at a reasonable level could play a crucial role in preventing obesity.

Background: The quality of life (QoL) associated nutritional symptoms among advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients remains uncertain. This study aimed to assess the impact of nutrition-related symptoms (indicated by Patient Generated Subjective Global Assessment-PG-SGA) to QoL among individuals diagnosed with advanced NSCLC, utilizing the EORTC QLQ-LC13 tool. Methods: A cross-sectional study included 170 patients diagnosed with NSCLC (TxNxM1) with periodically chemotherapy treatment at Hanoi Oncology hospital were invited to the study. The PG-SGA and EORTC QLQ-LC13 were assessed by a dietitian. Results: Poor nutritional status related with decrease in QoL (p < 0.05). Cough and short of breath moderate-positively correlated with PG-SGA score, while pain, take medicine for pain and trouble swallowing were fairly correlated. The symptoms of cough up blood, sore mouth or tongue, tingling and hair lost had poor correlation with PG-SGA score. Loss of appetite and anorexia had poor negative correlation with short of breath and pain in arm or shoulder. Conclusions: QoL declined in advance stage NSCLC malnutrition patients. Nutrition-related symptoms had poor to fair correlation with QoL categories, which suggests the insufficiency on solely addressing nutritional symptoms to enhance QoL in this group.