Nutrition and health最新文献

Helicobacter pylori poses a major threat to human health, primarily due to its tumorigenic potential and ability to cause tissue damage. Because of its strong association with gastric cancer and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma, H. pylori is classified as a class I carcinogen. Its eradication has become a challenge due to increasing antibiotic resistance rates. This implies the need to investigate nutritional factors for their anti-H. pylori effects. This study aimed to encompass data regarding anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anti-adhesive, anti-ulcer, anti-urease and anti-cancer properties of seven non-antibiotic agents against H. pylori. We assessed articles in English using Science Direct, Scopus and Google Scholar, focusing mostly on recent publications. There are data pointing to the strong anti-adhesive action of cranberry, green tea and Arthrospira (Spirulina) spp. The anti-ulcer effect of green tea, Nigella sativa and microalgae was demonstrated in rat models. Cranberry, microalgae, honey and curcumin inhibit the urease activity of H. pylori. Propolis, green tea and curcumin interfere with the nuclear factor kappa B signalling pathway, while the last two as well as Arthrospira spp. inhibit cyclooxygenase-2. There are in vivo clinical trials indicating that cranberry, Nigella sativa, broccoli and curcumin can improve the success of eradication regimens, while honey showed a preventive effect. Additional trials are needed to determine the precise dose regimens and whether the natural or encapsulated product is more effective. Potential side effects and drug-drug interactions should be taken into account.

In their 2023 Nutrition and Health paper "Effects of the application of a food processing-based classification system in obese women: A randomized controlled pilot study", Giacomello et al. investigated the effects of an educational intervention based on the Dietary Guidelines for the Brazilian Population among obese women. The authors concluded that the intervention significantly improved weight loss, quality of life, components of metabolic syndrome, and pain. However, we believe the statistical analysis employed in the study was flawed. The authors used within-group changes to draw conclusions, which is known as a difference in nominal significance error. This error has the potential to inflate Type I error rates substantially. To address this issue, we re-analyzed the data obtained from the authors. We focused on body mass and hip circumference and replicated the incorrectly chosen within-group analyses, which remained significant. However, to properly evaluate the intervention's effectiveness, it is essential to compare the differences between the groups directly. Therefore, we calculated change scores for each participant and used independent samples t-tests and linear mixed models to compare between-group differences. Both methods yielded similar non-significant p-values, indicating that there is no significant effect of treatment on body mass or hip circumference. The original paper's conclusions regarding the effectiveness of the intervention are not supported by the proper statistical analysis. The data should be re-analyzed using appropriate between-group comparisons, and the corrected results should be published, or the incorrect results and original paper should be retracted.

Background: Economic dimension comprises important determinants of food choices, particularly income and prices. Aim: Identification of the influence of food prices and diet costs on the consumption of food groups considered protection and risk factors for cardiometabolic diseases. Methods: Food groups classification follows the proposal of "What we eat in America?" from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), adapted to Latin America. Data on food consumption from the Health Survey of Sao Paulo (2003, 2008, and 2015), representative at population level, was used. Log-linear regressions were estimated for food groups, controlling for endogeneity through augmented regression-test Results: Results showed increase in prices per calorie of whole grains and red meat from 2003-2015 and a decrease in prices per calorie of fruits, vegetables, beans, legumes, oilseeds and fish/seafood. Food groups had price elasticities between -0.01 and -1.6, i.e., decrease in consumption associated with increase in prices. Results showed statistically significant effects of substitution and complementarity, particularly substitution between sweetened beverages and fruits (2003, β = 0.606; 2008: β = 0.683; 2015, β = 0.848), complementarity between nuts and seeds and whole grains (2003, β = -0.646; 2008, β = -0.647; 2015,β = -0.901), and vegetables and processed meat (2003, β = -1.379; 2015, β = -1.685). Conclusion: Findings of the study represent relevant evidence for design strategies towards the adoption of healthier diets, particularly through subsidies to protection food groups, promoting lower prices and higher diet quality. The evidence may be useful for policymakers and researchers in fields of nutrition and health in diverse countries worldwide, especially due to absence of robust evidence in literature.

Background: Clinical studies have demonstrated possible beneficial effects of flaxseed on cardiovascular disease risk factors, but limited studies have evaluated the effects of flaxseed on the plasma lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A₂ (Lp-PLA₂) and gut microbial composition in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Aim: The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of flaxseed consumption on plasma lipids and lipoproteins, Lp-PLA₂ activity, as well as the relative abundance of some gut microbiota in CAD patients. Methods: In a randomized controlled parallel trial, 50 patients with CAD were randomly allocated to 12 weeks of supplementation of flaxseed (30 g/day) or control (usual care). Before and after the intervention, plasma lipids, Lp-PLA₂ activity, and some gut microbiota composition (4 different bacterial genera, including Lactobacillus, Bifidobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes) were measured. Results: Compared to control, flaxseed consumption was associated with improved Lp-PLA₂ activity. After 12 weeks of intervention, no significant changes were observed in plasma lipids and fecal microbial composition in the two study groups. Conclusion: The present study showed that in patients with CAD, flaxseed supplementation reduced plasma Lp-PLA₂ activity but had no effect on plasma lipids and the composition of some intestinal bacteria.

Background: Low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) levels affect bone remodeling, contributing to the development and progression of knee osteoarthritis (OA). Aim: This meta-analysis aimed to estimate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in patients with knee OA. Methods: A systematic search was conducted in Europe PMC, Google Scholar, Scopus, Scilit, and Web of Science for studies published until 8 August 2024 that reported the prevalence and contributing factors of hypovitaminosis D in knee OA patients. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. A random-effect meta-analysis with Freeman-Tukey double arcsine transformation estimated the pooled prevalence of vitamin D deficiency. Results: Out of 1695 records identified, 26 studies (n = 4248 patients) met the inclusion criteria. The pooled prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 56.72% (95% CI: 46.93-66.25). No significant difference was observed across publication periods of 2015-2019 (p = 0.465) and 2020-2024 (p = 0.407). Patients with an average body mass index (BMI) ≥28 kg/m² had a higher prevalence (65.62%, 95% CI: 49.23-80.32) compared to those with BMI <28 kg/m² (37.63%, 95% CI: 24.72-51.48). The prevalence was significantly higher in European countries (65.92%, 95% CI: 47.17-82.43) than in the USA (p = 0.046). In Asia, the Middle East, and North Africa, prevalences were 60.96% (95% CI: 42.32-78.08) and 63.11% (95% CI: 43.8-80.47), respectively. Conclusion: Over half of knee OA patients had vitamin D deficiency, with higher prevalence in Europe and among individuals with obesity. Targeted screening for 25(OH)D levels in knee OA patients is recommended.

BackgroundEvidence-based nutrition education resources are one way to help registered dietitians (RDs) translate scientific knowledge to consumers.AimTo develop a checklist based on suitability assessment of materials (SAM) and to assess its use to refine nutrition education resources.MethodsRDs were recruited online to assess two nutrition education resources using SAM. Three rounds of surveying and two rounds of resource refinements occurred. A "checklist" was created to refine the resources between rounds. Descriptive statistics and nonparametric tests were performed to explore differences in SAM-scores between rounds.ResultsRDs participated in the first (n = 45), second (n = 37), and third (n = 27) surveys. SAM-scores significantly improved in both resources by the third round. The refined checklist included more explicit instructions and provided examples to help guide resource changes.ConclusionsUsing the checklist improved SAM scores. Future work should include end-users to help with checklist validation.

Background: Taste is the characteristic sensory modality of the gustatory system associated with dietary intake. The ability of humans to perceive different tastes is predisposed by the activity of taste receptors. The expression of TAS1R family of genes enables the detection of sweetness and umaminess, whereas TAS2R enables the detection of bitterness. The varying levels of expression of these genes within different organs of the gastro-intestinal tract, regulates the metabolism of biomolecules including carbohydrates and proteins. Variations in the gene encoding for taste receptors might affect its binding affinity to tastant molecules and thereby pertain to varying degrees of sensation to taste among individuals. Aim: The goal of this review is to highlight the significant role of TAS1R and TAS2R as a potential biomarker to identify the incidence of morbidities and its probable onset. Method: We thoroughly investigated the SCOPUS, PubMed, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases for literature relating to the association between TAS1R and TAS2R receptors in highlighting the genetic variation during various health morbidities. Results: It has been shown that the abnormalities in taste perception restrain an individual from consuming the adequate amount of food. Taste receptors not only influence the dietary habits but also determine different aspects of human health and well-being. Conclusion: According to the available evidence the dietary molecules conferring varying taste modalities are observed to have therapeutic significance apart from its nutritive value. The taste associated incongruous dietary pattern is a risk factor for various morbidities including obesity, depression, hyperglyceridaemia, and cancers.

Background: Despite a long-standing appreciation for the benefits of dietary fiber consumption, there is a lack of interventions focused exclusively on improving dietary fiber intake. Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the effects of an intervention focused singularly on improving dietary fiber on weight, eating behavior, and markers of cardiometabolic risk. Methods: This pilot study will employ a three-arm, factorial design to examine effects of a novel dietary fiber-focused intervention: Fiber for Improvement of Behavior, Eating, and Risk (FIBER), compared to standard weight loss education alone or in combination with FIBER. FIBER is 3 months long, including group-based educational sessions and remote counseling using motivational interviewing. Intervention content is focused on dietary fiber. This includes what dietary fiber is, where to find it, why to consume it, and how to consume it via theory-driven behavior change techniques and strategies (e.g. observational learning). Adults consuming ≤25 g of dietary fiber/day and a body mass index ≥30 kg/m² will be recruited using online advertisements. Participants will complete in-person data collection visits at baseline and 1 and 2 years post-FIBER to measure body mass (primary outcome), blood lipids, dietary fiber intake, behavior and cognitive measures, stool samples, and body composition (secondary outcomes). One remote data collection session will occur directly after FIBER to assess dietary fiber intake and behavior and cognitive measures. Summary: This study will provide data regarding effects of a dietary fiber-focused intervention on diet and eating-related behavior, body weight, and cardiometabolic risk factors in adults with obesity.

Background: Pregnancy, also known as the "gestation period" which lasts for 37-40 weeks, has been marked as the period of "physiological stress" in a woman's life. A wide range of symptoms, from nausea to ectopic pregnancy, are usually aligned with risk factors like abortion, miscarriage, stillbirth, etc. An estimated total of 15% of total pregnant women face serious complications requiring urgent attention for safe pregnancy survival. Over the past decades, several changes in the environment and nutrition habits have increased the possibility of unfavourable changes during the gestation phase. The diagnostic factors, management and nutritional interventions are targeted and more emphasis has been laid on modifying or managing the nutritional factors in this physiologically stressed phase. Aims: This review focuses on dietary modifications and nutritional interventions for the treatment of complications of pregnancy. Nutritional management has been identified to be one of the primary necessities in addition to drug therapy. It is important to set a healthy diet pattern throughout the gestation phase or even before by incorporating key nutrients into the maternal diet. Methods: The published literature from various databases including PubMed, Google Scholar and ScienceDirect were used to establish the fact of management and treatment of complications of pregnancy. Results: The recommendations of dietary supplements have underlined the concept behind the eradication of maternal deficiencies and improving metabolic profiles. Conclusion: Therefore, the present review summarises the dietary recommendations to combat pregnancy-related complications which are necessary in order to prevent and manage the same.

Background: Diet quality has been implicated in the development of abdominal obesity. Yet, the molecular components involved in this relationship remain largely unknown. Aim: This pilot study examined whether syndecan-4 (SDC4) may serve as a molecular link between diet quality and abdominal obesity. Methods: Serum SDC4 levels were measured in 41 women (aged 21-45) who self-identified as African American or European American. Diet quality was assessed using the healthy eating index (HEI) score derived from a food frequency questionnaire, while android percent fat was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Regression and mediation analyses were performed to examine the data. Results: Significant (p < 0.05) negative correlations were observed between HEI scores and both body mass index (BMI) and android percent fat. SDC4 emerged as a significant predictor of HEI and mediated the negative associations of HEI with BMI and android percent fat, independent of race and age. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that SDC4 may play a key mechanistic role in linking adherence to dietary recommendations with reductions in android adiposity.