Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment最新文献_第9页

Corrigendum to “A camera system for real-time optical calibration of water-based neutrino telescopes” [Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A 1076 (2025) 170489] “用于水基中微子望远镜实时光学校准的照相机系统”的勘误表[核]。Instrum。冰毒。A 1076 (2025) 170489]

IF 1.4 3区物理与天体物理 Q3 INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION

Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2025.171270

Wei Tian, Donglian Xu

引用次数: 0

sansRZ: A python-based data reduction tool for the time-of-flight SANS instrument at CSNS sansRZ：用于CSNS飞行时间SANS仪器的基于python的数据简化工具

IF 1.4 3区物理与天体物理 Q3 INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION

Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2026.171283

Hanqiu Jiang , Jiajun Zhong , Changlong Chen , Junrong Zhang , Rong Du

Data reduction plays a critical role in the commissioning of the time-of-flight Small-angle Neutron Scattering (SANS) instrument at the China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS). While the generalized SANS data reduction protocols and software have been well-established, the specific data architecture and the diverse user community of this instrument create unique need for a tailored data reduction system.

A novel software package sansRZ, also as an integral component of the RZera project, has been developed for the CSNS SANS instrument. The fundamental calculation algorithms are adopted from the robust, community-validated Mantid framework. A modular, Python based extension was built around this core to provide rapid data handling, self-diagnostic capability and better graphical user interface (GUI). An data validation module and the comprehensive logging capabilities have been developed within the Python structure to help users identify potential data issues early in the data reduction process. This article presents an overview of the software architecture as well as the main features and capabilities of the software.

在中国散裂中子源（CSNS）飞行时间小角中子散射（SANS）仪器的调试中，数据简化起着至关重要的作用。虽然已经建立了通用的SANS数据缩减协议和软件，但该工具的特定数据架构和不同的用户群体创造了对定制数据缩减系统的独特需求。为CSNS SANS仪器开发了一个新的软件包sansRZ，也是RZera项目的一个组成部分。基本的计算算法采用了健壮的、社区验证的Mantid框架。围绕这个核心构建了一个基于Python的模块化扩展，以提供快速的数据处理、自诊断能力和更好的图形用户界面（GUI）。Python结构中已经开发了数据验证模块和全面的日志记录功能，以帮助用户在数据缩减过程的早期识别潜在的数据问题。本文概述了软件体系结构以及软件的主要特性和功能。

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引用次数: 0

Precision optimization of accelerator reference point alignment 加速器参考点对准精度优化

IF 1.4 3区物理与天体物理 Q3 INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION

Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2026.171302

Xudong Zhang , Wenjun Chen , Xiaodong Zhang , Xiaoqiang Gong , Zhiguo Cui , Yongwei Gao , Guozhen Sun , Shaoming Wang , Jiandong Yuan

A high-precision alignment reference network is indispensable for accurately positioning accelerator components. In pursuit of charged particles adhering to correct beam trajectory, components distributed over large areas warrant a positioning accuracy comparable to that in small working areas. Laser trackers are ubiquitous for measuring the networks thanks to their exceptional precision. For large-scale accelerators, multi-station measurements are entailed to guarantee holistic coverage of all reference points. Spatial Analyzer (SA) software hinges on its Unified Spatial Metrology Network (USMN) function for synchronous measurement processing, merging all reference points into one coordinate system. This study puts forth an optimization method based on the Gauss-Newton algorithm, aimed to minimize the weighted sum of squared adjustments by virtue of a Cartesian coordinate system. For the sake of method validation, an experimental reference network was scrutinized and optimized via the method presented in this article. The experiment demonstrated that this approach is capable of refining measurements from a number of laser trackers. Furthermore, the alignment reference points at the Cooler Storage Ring (CSR) External-target Experiment (CEE) terminal were measured and integrated. As manifested by the experiment, the total Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) derived by SA exceeded that obtained with the proposed method. Additionally, the alignment reference network for the HIAF (High Intensity heavy-ion Accelerator Facility) BRing (Booster Ring) was optimized separately relying on the SA and the proposed method. The results confirmed that the latter produced a smaller RMSE value.

要实现加速器部件的精确定位，高精度的对中参考网络必不可少。在追求带电粒子遵循正确的束流轨迹时，分布在大面积上的组件保证了与小工作区域相当的定位精度。激光跟踪仪由于其卓越的精度，在测量网络时无处不在。对于大型加速器，需要进行多站测量，以保证所有参考点的全面覆盖。空间分析仪（SA）软件依靠其统一空间计量网络（USMN）功能进行同步测量处理，将所有参考点合并到一个坐标系中。本研究提出了一种基于高斯-牛顿算法的优化方法，旨在利用笛卡尔坐标系使加权平方和最小。为了验证方法的有效性，利用本文提出的方法对一个实验参考网络进行了审查和优化。实验表明，该方法能够对多个激光跟踪仪的测量结果进行细化。在此基础上，对冷库环（CSR）外靶实验（CEE）终端的对准参考点进行了测量和集成。实验表明，SA得到的总均方根误差（RMSE）超过了采用本文方法得到的均方根误差。此外，还分别对HIAF （High Intensity heavy-ion Accelerator Facility）增强器环（Booster Ring）对准参考网络进行了优化。结果证实后者产生较小的RMSE值。

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引用次数: 0

Design and experiment of the RF system for BNCT facility BNCT设备射频系统的设计与实验

IF 1.4 3区物理与天体物理 Q3 INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION

Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2026.171292

Linyan Rong , Zhencheng Mu , Hexin Wang , Yongchuan Xiao , Huafu Ouyang , Shinian Fu , Lin Wang , Peng Zhu , Maliang Wan , Bo Wang , Zhexin Xie , Hui Zhang , Kai Guo , Zixian Liu , Liangxing Lun

The boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) clinical facility, developed by the Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, is based on an accelerator system that includes an ion source, a low-energy beam transport line, a radio-frequency quadrupole (RFQ) accelerator, and three high-energy beam transport lines. The RF system supplies RF power to the RFQ cavity, enabling proton beam acceleration to an energy of 2.787 MeV. It incorporates two 150 kW solid-state power amplifier (SSPA) units, a low-level radio-frequency (LLRF) control system, and a high-power RF transmission line, featuring a compact architecture and highly reliable operation. This paper describes the design, development, commissioning, and operational performance of the BNCT_02# RF system.

由中国科学院高能物理研究所（IHEP）开发的硼中子俘获治疗（BNCT）临床设备基于一个加速器系统，该系统包括一个离子源，一个低能束流输运线，一个射频四极子（RFQ）加速器和三个高能束流输运线。射频系统为RFQ腔提供射频功率，使质子束加速到2.787兆电子伏的能量。它集成了两个150kw的固态功率放大器（SSPA）单元、一个低电平射频（LLRF）控制系统和一条大功率射频传输线，具有结构紧凑、运行高度可靠的特点。本文介绍了bnct_02#射频系统的设计、研制、调试和运行性能。

引用次数: 0

Effects of neutron irradiation on LGADs with broad multiplication layer and varied carbon-enriched doses: A study on timing performance and gain deterioration 中子辐照对具有宽增殖层和不同富碳剂量的LGADs的影响：定时性能和增益衰减研究

IF 1.4 3区物理与天体物理 Q3 INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION

Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2026.171305

E. Navarrete Ramos , J. Villegas , J. Duarte-Campderros , M. Fernández , A. Gómez-Carrera , G. Gómez , J. González , S. Hidalgo , R. Jaramillo , P. Martínez Ruiz del Árbol , A. Merlos , C. Quintana , I. Vila

In this radiation tolerance study, Low Gain Avalanche Detectors (LGADs) with a carbon-enriched broad and shallow multiplication layer were examined in comparison to identical non-carbonated LGADs. Manufactured at IMB-CNM, the sensors underwent neutron irradiation at the TRIGRA reactor in Ljubljana, reaching a fluence of 2.5 × 10¹⁵ n_eq cm^-2. The results revealed a smaller deactivation of Boron and improved resistance to radiation in carbonated LGADs. The study demonstrated the potential benefits of carbon enrichment in mitigating radiation damage effects, particularly the acceptor removal mechanism, reducing the acceptor removal constant by more than a factor of two. Additionally, time resolution and collected charge degradation due to irradiation were observed, with carbonated samples exhibiting better radiation tolerance. A noise analysis focused on baseline noise and thermally generated pulses showed the presence of spurious thermal-generated pulses attributed to a excessive small distance between the gain layer end and the p-stop implant at the periphery of the pad for the characterized LGAD design; however, the operation performance of the devices was unaffected.

在这项辐射耐受研究中，与相同的非碳化低增益雪崩探测器（LGADs）相比，研究了具有富碳宽和浅倍增层的低增益雪崩探测器（LGADs）。这些传感器由IMB-CNM制造，在卢布尔雅那的TRIGRA反应堆进行中子辐照，辐照量达到2.5 × 1015 neq cm-2。结果显示，在碳化的lgad中，硼的失活较小，抗辐射能力提高。该研究证明了碳富集在减轻辐射损伤效应方面的潜在益处，特别是受体去除机制，将受体去除常数降低了两倍以上。此外，观察到时间分辨率和因辐照而收集的电荷降解，碳化样品表现出更好的辐射耐受性。对基线噪声和热产生脉冲的噪声分析表明，由于增益层端与边缘p-stop植入物之间的距离过小，存在伪热产生脉冲；但是，设备的运行性能没有受到影响。

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引用次数: 0

Growth and characterization of Dy3+-Doped LuYAGG single crystal scintillators prepared by floating-zone method 浮区法制备掺杂Dy3+ LuYAGG单晶闪烁体的生长与表征

IF 1.4 3区物理与天体物理 Q3 INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION

Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2026.171307

Prapon Lertloypanyachai , Prom Kantuptim , Toshiaki Kunikata , Yusuke Endo , Sunisa Jitsoonthonchaiyakul , Weerapong Chewpraditkul , Takumi Kato , Daisuke Nakauchi , Noriaki Kawaguchi , Kenichi Watanabe , Takayuki Yanagida

Dy³⁺-doped Lu_2.5Y_0.5(Al_2.5Ga_2.5)O₁₂ (LuYAGG:Dy³⁺) single crystals were successfully grown by the optical floating-zone technique, and their structural, optical, and scintillation properties were systematically investigated as a function of Dy³⁺ concentration (0.5–10 mol%). X-ray diffraction confirmed that all compositions crystallized in a single-phase cubic garnet structure with high crystalline and without secondary phases. Optical transmittance spectra showed excellent transparency (∼80 %) and distinct Dy³⁺ absorption features corresponding to 4f–4f transitions and an O²⁻ → Dy³⁺ charge-transfer band in the UV region. Photoluminescence and excitation spectra revealed two characteristic emissions at ∼484 nm (⁴F_9/2 → ⁶H_15/2) and ∼580 nm (⁴F_9/2 → ⁶H_13/2), with the strongest emission observed at moderate Dy³⁺ concentrations. The decrease in PL intensity, quantum yield, and decay in lifetime at higher dopant levels confirmed concentration quenching via cross-relaxation and self-absorption. Normalized radioluminescence spectra under X-ray excitation exhibited identical Dy³⁺ emission bands across all samples, indicating consistent emission mechanisms independent of doping level. However, pulse-height and light-yield measurements identified the 2 mol% Dy³⁺ crystal as exhibiting the most efficient scintillation response (∼6000 ph/MeV, ∼73 % of Bi₄Ge₃O₁₂), consistent with optimal energy transfer and minimized non-radiative losses. The millisecond-scale scintillation decay reflected 4f–4f transitions typical of Dy³⁺, suggesting its suitability for applications prioritizing high stability and sensitivity over fast timing, such as radiation dosimetry and low-count-rate γ-ray detection.

利用光学浮区技术成功生长了掺杂Dy3+的Lu2.5Y0.5(Al2.5Ga2.5)O12 （LuYAGG:Dy3+）单晶，并系统地研究了Dy3+浓度（0.5-10 mol%）对其结构、光学和闪烁性能的影响。x射线衍射证实，所有成分结晶为高结晶、无二次相的单相立方石榴石结构。光学透射光谱显示出优异的透明度（~ 80%）和明显的Dy3+吸收特征，对应于4f-4f跃迁和紫外区O2−→Dy3+电荷转移带。光致发光和激发光谱显示在~ 484 nm （4F9/2→6H15/2）和~ 580 nm （4F9/2→6H13/2）处有两个特征发射，在中等Dy3+浓度下观察到最强的发射。高掺杂水平下PL强度、量子产率和寿命衰减的降低证实了交叉弛豫和自吸收的浓度猝灭。所有样品在x射线激发下的标准化放射发光光谱显示出相同的Dy3+发射带，表明与掺杂水平无关的一致的发射机制。然而，脉冲高度和光产率测量表明，2mol % Dy3+晶体表现出最有效的闪烁响应（~ 6000 ph/MeV， ~ 73%的Bi4Ge3O12），符合最佳的能量传递和最小的非辐射损失。毫秒级的闪烁衰减反映了Dy3+典型的4f-4f跃迁，表明它适合于优先考虑高稳定性和灵敏度而不是快速计时的应用，例如辐射剂量测定和低计数率γ射线检测。

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引用次数: 0

Machine-learning correction for the calorimeter saturation of cosmic-ray ions with the Dark Matter Particle Explorer: Towards the PeV scale 用暗物质粒子探测器对宇宙射线离子的量热计饱和进行机器学习校正：迈向PeV尺度

IF 1.4 3区物理与天体物理 Q3 INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION

Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2026.171306

Andrea Serpolla , Andrii Tykhonov , Paul Coppin , Manbing Li , Andrii Kotenko , Enzo Putti-Garcia , Hugo Valentin Boutin , Mikhail Stolpovskiy , Jennifer Maria Frieden , Chiara Perrina , Xin Wu

The Dark MAtter Particle Explorer (DAMPE) instrument is a space-borne cosmic-ray detector, capable of measuring ion fluxes up to

\sim

500 TeV/n. This energy scale is made accessible through its calorimeter, which is the deepest currently operating in orbit. Saturation of the calorimeter readout channels starts occurring above

\sim

100 TeV of incident energy, and can significantly affect the primary energy reconstruction. Different techniques – analytical and machine-learning based – were developed to tackle this issue, focusing on the recovery of single-bar deposits, up to several hundreds of TeV. In this work, a new machine-learning technique is presented, which benefits from a unique model to correct the total deposited energy in DAMPE calorimeter. The described method is able to generalise its corrections for different ions and extend the maximum detectable incident energy to the PeV scale. This work is a continuation of the results presented in Stolpovskiyet al. (2022).

暗物质粒子探测器（DAMPE）仪器是一种太空宇宙射线探测器，能够测量高达~ 500 TeV/n的离子通量。这个能量刻度可以通过它的热量计获得，这是目前在轨道上运行的最深的热量计。在入射能量高于~ 100 TeV时，量热计读出通道开始出现饱和，并且可以显著影响一次能量重建。为了解决这个问题，开发了不同的技术（基于分析和机器学习的技术），重点是回收高达数百TeV的单棒矿床。在这项工作中，提出了一种新的机器学习技术，该技术得益于一种独特的模型来校正DAMPE量热计中的总沉积能量。所描述的方法能够推广其对不同离子的修正，并将最大可探测入射能量扩展到PeV尺度。这项工作是stolpovskiet al.（2022）中提出的结果的延续。

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引用次数: 0

The design and performance of multi-PMT modules for the Hyper-Kamiokande experiment 超神冈实验中多pmt模块的设计与性能

IF 1.4 3区物理与天体物理 Q3 INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION

Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2026.171331

Andrzej Rychter, Hyper-Kamiokande and WCTE Collaborations

The Hyper-Kamiokande experiment is a next-generation underground water Cherenkov detector designed to study CP violation, proton decay, and neutrinos from astrophysical sources with unprecedented sensitivity. To enhance photodetection performance, both the Far Detector (FD) and the Intermediate Water Cherenkov Detector (IWCD) employ novel multi-PMT (mPMT) modules. Two mPMT variants have been developed to meet the distinct operational requirements of the FD and IWCD. Each module integrates nineteen 3-inch photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) together with dedicated front-end electronics inside a waterproof pressure vessel. This architecture provides increased granularity, intrinsic directional sensitivity, and improved timing performance compared to conventional large-area PMTs. The FD will deploy 800 mPMT modules with a mechanical design engineered for operation at large depths and electronics optimized for ultra-low-power operation. The IWCD will use 400 mPMT modules as its primary photosensor system, featuring a modified mechanical design and waveform sampling electronics optimized for high event rates during beam spills. This paper presents the design, production, and performance of both mPMT architectures, highlighting their key mechanical and electrical differences and first system-level results from the Water Cherenkov Test Experiment at CERN.

超级神冈实验是下一代地下水切伦科夫探测器，旨在以前所未有的灵敏度研究CP违和、质子衰变和来自天体物理源的中微子。为了提高光探测性能，远检波器（FD）和中间水切伦科夫检波器（IWCD）都采用了新型的多pmt （mPMT）模块。为了满足FD和IWCD的不同操作要求，已经开发了两种mPMT变体。每个模块在防水压力容器内集成了19个3英寸光电倍增管（pmt）和专用前端电子设备。与传统的大面积pmt相比，该架构提供了更高的粒度、固有的方向灵敏度和更好的定时性能。FD将部署800个mPMT模块，其机械设计适用于大深度作业，电子设备针对超低功耗作业进行了优化。IWCD将使用400个mPMT模块作为其主要光敏传感器系统，具有改进的机械设计和优化的波形采样电子设备，用于光束泄漏时的高事件率。本文介绍了两种mPMT架构的设计、生产和性能，重点介绍了它们的关键机械和电气差异以及欧洲核子研究中心水切伦科夫测试实验的第一个系统级结果。

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引用次数: 0

An online data analysis framework for small-scale physics experiments 小型物理实验的在线数据分析框架

IF 1.4 3区物理与天体物理 Q3 INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION

Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2025.171269

H. Ramm , P. Simon , P. Alexaki , C. Arran , R. Bingham , A. Goillot , J.T. Gudmundsson , J.W.D. Halliday , B. Lloyd , E.E. Los , V. Stergiou , S. Zhang , G. Gregori , N. Charitonidis

A robust and flexible architecture capable of providing real-time analysis on diagnostic data is of crucial importance to physics experiments. In this paper, we present such an online framework, used in June 2025 as part of the HRMT-68 experiment, performed at the HiRadMat facility at CERN, using the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) beam line. HRMT-68 was a fixed-target laboratory astrophysics experiment aiming to identify plasma instabilities generated by a relativistic electron–positron beam during traversal of an argon plasma. This framework was essential for experimental data acquisition and analysis, and can be adapted for a broad range of similar-scale experiments with a variety of experimental diagnostics, even those without a standard direct network communication interface. The developed framework’s customizable design enabled us to rapidly observe and extract emergent features from a diverse range of diagnostic data. Simultaneously, its modularity allowed for a quick introduction of new diagnostic devices and the modification of our analysis as features of interest were identified. As a result, we were able to effectively diagnose equipment malfunction, and infer the beam’s response to varying bunch duration, beam intensity, and the plasma state without resorting to offline analysis, at which time adjustment or improvement would have been impossible. We present the features of this agile framework, whose codebase we have made publicly available so that it may be adapted for future experiments with minimal modification.

在物理实验中，能够提供诊断数据实时分析的健壮灵活的体系结构是至关重要的。在本文中，我们提出了这样一个在线框架，作为2025年6月在欧洲核子研究中心HiRadMat设施进行的HRMT-68实验的一部分，使用了超级质子同步加速器（SPS）束流线。HRMT-68是一项固定目标实验室天体物理实验，旨在确定氩等离子体穿越过程中相对论性正电子束产生的等离子体不稳定性。该框架对于实验数据采集和分析至关重要，并且可以适用于具有各种实验诊断的广泛类似规模的实验，甚至是那些没有标准直接网络通信接口的实验。开发的框架的可定制设计使我们能够快速观察并从各种诊断数据中提取紧急特征。同时，它的模块化允许快速引入新的诊断设备，并在确定感兴趣的特征时修改我们的分析。因此，我们能够有效地诊断设备故障，并推断光束对不同束束持续时间、光束强度和等离子体状态的响应，而无需求助于离线分析，因为离线分析是不可能进行调整或改进的。我们展示了这个敏捷框架的特性，我们已经公开了它的代码库，这样它就可以以最小的修改适应未来的实验。

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引用次数: 0

Bayesian optimization of combined ballistic neutron guides for the Elastic Diffuse Scattering spectrometer at CSNS CSNS弹性漫射光谱仪组合弹道中子波导的贝叶斯优化

IF 1.4 3区物理与天体物理 Q3 INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION

Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2025.171264

Pengfei Zhou , Zhirong Zeng , Zheng He , Xiao Wang , Li Lin , Ming Tang , Arsen Goukassov , Fangwei Wang , Tianjiao Liang , Erxi Feng

Designing neutron guide systems for single-crystal time-of-flight spectrometers requires balancing neutron flux, divergence, and compatibility with polarization optics. We present an automated optimization framework that integrates Monte Carlo simulations, Bayesian optimization, and a back-tracing method to systematically explore guide geometries under realistic engineering constraints. Applied to the Elastic Diffuse Spectrometer at the China Spallation Neutron Source, the framework evaluated four candidate designs to maximize flux while meeting divergence limits imposed by polarization and resolution requirements. Among the Bayesian-optimized configurations, the straight–elliptic guide offered the best overall balance of flux, divergence, and polarization performance.

设计单晶飞行时间光谱仪的中子导系统需要平衡中子通量、散度和与偏振光学的兼容性。我们提出了一个自动优化框架，该框架集成了蒙特卡罗模拟，贝叶斯优化和回溯方法，以系统地探索现实工程约束下的导向几何形状。应用于中国散裂中子源的弹性漫射光谱仪，该框架评估了四种候选设计，以最大限度地提高通量，同时满足极化和分辨率要求所施加的发散限制。在贝叶斯优化构型中，直椭圆导轨在通量、散度和极化性能方面的综合平衡效果最好。

引用次数: 0