Pub Date : 2025-11-22DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2025.171173
S. Saha , P. Chowdhury , T. Brown , E. Doucet , M. Devlin , N. D’Olympia , N. Fotiades , C. Morse , G.L. Wilson
New insights into the fast neutron response of 7Li-enriched C7LYC scintillators have been obtained through detailed Geant4 simulations of 35Cl(n,p) and 35Cl(n, ) reactions that are primarily responsible for the fast neutron response of C7LYC. The light output of a 1”1” C7LYC detector was simulated using the Birks equation for light quenching in scintillators. The simulations were benchmarked against neutron scattering data from a 12C target obtained with a white neutron beam at the Los Alamos LANSCE facility and fourteen 1”x1” C7LYC detectors. Incident neutron energies extracted from time-of-flight measurements, and appropriate recoil corrections for the different detector angles were used to map the response of C7LYC to mono-energetic neutrons. Resonances in the 35Cl(n,p) reaction cross-section below 3 MeV incident neutron energy were directly observed in C7LYC. The experimental data and simulations are compared with ENDF databases, as well as recent direct cross-section measurements of neutrons scattered from a 35Cl target. The results suggest a scrutiny of the 35Cl(n,p) and 35Cl(n, ) cross sections at low energy in the ENDF library.
{"title":"Benchmarking fast-neutron response of 7Li-enriched C7LYC scintillators: Simulations and experiment","authors":"S. Saha , P. Chowdhury , T. Brown , E. Doucet , M. Devlin , N. D’Olympia , N. Fotiades , C. Morse , G.L. Wilson","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171173","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171173","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>New insights into the fast neutron response of <sup>7</sup>Li-enriched C<sup>7</sup>LYC scintillators have been obtained through detailed Geant4 simulations of <sup>35</sup>Cl(n,p) and <sup>35</sup>Cl(n, <span><math><mi>α</mi></math></span>) reactions that are primarily responsible for the fast neutron response of C<sup>7</sup>LYC. The light output of a 1”<span><math><mo>×</mo></math></span>1” C<sup>7</sup>LYC detector was simulated using the Birks equation for light quenching in scintillators. The simulations were benchmarked against neutron scattering data from a <sup>12</sup>C target obtained with a white neutron beam at the Los Alamos LANSCE facility and fourteen 1”x1” C<sup>7</sup>LYC detectors. Incident neutron energies extracted from time-of-flight measurements, and appropriate recoil corrections for the different detector angles were used to map the response of C<sup>7</sup>LYC to mono-energetic neutrons. Resonances in the <sup>35</sup>Cl(n,p) reaction cross-section below 3 MeV incident neutron energy were directly observed in C<sup>7</sup>LYC. The experimental data and simulations are compared with ENDF databases, as well as recent direct cross-section measurements of neutrons scattered from a <sup>35</sup>Cl target. The results suggest a scrutiny of the <sup>35</sup>Cl(n,p) and <sup>35</sup>Cl(n, <span><math><mi>α</mi></math></span>) cross sections at low energy in the ENDF library.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1084 ","pages":"Article 171173"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145622209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-22DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2025.171186
Y. Zhou , D. Hu , M. Shao , Yiding Zhao , S. Lv , Xiangqi Tian , Anqi Wang , Xueshen Lin , Hao Pang , Y. Sun , Min. Li
Multi-gap resistive plate chamber (MRPC) has been adopted to construct the internal Time-of-Flight (TOF) detector for the CEE experiment at HIRFL. The internal-TOF covers a total area of approximately and uses 24 high time resolution MRPC modules. Their mass production started in May 2024. The production procedure and related quality control (QC) are described. A preliminary status of the MRPC production and the results of the cosmic rays tests are presented. With strict QC throughout the production process, the cosmic ray test results indicate that the time resolution is better than 40 ps and the efficiency exceeds 95%.
{"title":"Mass production and quality control of CEE iTOF-MRPC","authors":"Y. Zhou , D. Hu , M. Shao , Yiding Zhao , S. Lv , Xiangqi Tian , Anqi Wang , Xueshen Lin , Hao Pang , Y. Sun , Min. Li","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171186","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171186","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Multi-gap resistive plate chamber (MRPC) has been adopted to construct the internal Time-of-Flight (TOF) detector for the CEE experiment at HIRFL. The internal-TOF covers a total area of approximately <span><math><mrow><mn>3</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>4</mn><mspace></mspace><msup><mrow><mi>m</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> and uses 24 high time resolution MRPC modules. Their mass production started in May 2024. The production procedure and related quality control (QC) are described. A preliminary status of the MRPC production and the results of the cosmic rays tests are presented. With strict QC throughout the production process, the cosmic ray test results indicate that the time resolution is better than 40 ps and the efficiency exceeds 95%.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1083 ","pages":"Article 171186"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145614540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-22DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2025.171178
Xingchen Li , Sen Zhao , Mengke Cai , Suyu Xiao , Congcong Wang , Weimin Song , Xin Shi , Xiyuan Zhang
In the field of high-energy particle detection, detectors operating in high-radiation environments primarily face complexity associated with power consumption and cooling systems. Therefore, the development of particle detectors capable of stable operation at room temperature or even elevated temperatures is of great significance. Silicon carbide (SiC) exhibits significant potential for particle detector applications due to its exceptional carrier mobility, radiation hardness, and thermal stability. Over the past decade, significant breakthroughs in silicon carbide epitaxial growth technology and device processing techniques have enabled the development of SiC-based particle detectors, providing a new technological pathway for particle detection in high-temperature environments.
In this work, we fabricate a 4H-SiC PIN detector, named SIlicon CARbide (SICAR) and characterize its leakage current, capacitance, and charge collection across varying temperatures. The results indicate that the detector maintains a very low leakage current ( 10 nA) at 90 °C, with no degradation in depletion capacitance or charge collection performance. Additionally, it achieves a fast rise time of 333 ps at 90 °C, confirming its potential for high-temperature radiation detection applications.
{"title":"Temperature-dependent performance characterization of 4H-SiC PIN detectors for alpha-particle detection (25–90 °C)","authors":"Xingchen Li , Sen Zhao , Mengke Cai , Suyu Xiao , Congcong Wang , Weimin Song , Xin Shi , Xiyuan Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171178","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171178","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the field of high-energy particle detection, detectors operating in high-radiation environments primarily face complexity associated with power consumption and cooling systems. Therefore, the development of particle detectors capable of stable operation at room temperature or even elevated temperatures is of great significance. Silicon carbide (SiC) exhibits significant potential for particle detector applications due to its exceptional carrier mobility, radiation hardness, and thermal stability. Over the past decade, significant breakthroughs in silicon carbide epitaxial growth technology and device processing techniques have enabled the development of SiC-based particle detectors, providing a new technological pathway for particle detection in high-temperature environments.</div><div>In this work, we fabricate a 4H-SiC PIN detector, named SIlicon CARbide (SICAR) and characterize its leakage current, capacitance, and charge collection across varying temperatures. The results indicate that the detector maintains a very low leakage current (<span><math><mo><</mo></math></span> 10 nA) at 90 °C, with no degradation in depletion capacitance or charge collection performance. Additionally, it achieves a fast rise time of 333 ps at 90 °C, confirming its potential for high-temperature radiation detection applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1084 ","pages":"Article 171178"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145622173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-22DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2025.171182
Calcifer Phillips , Scott Doran , Edgar Gomez , Brendan Leung , Xueying Lu , Philippe Piot , John Power
Beam-driven wakefield accelerators offer the potential to achieve accelerating fields approaching the sub-GV/m range, paving the way for compact and cost-effective next-generation high-energy colliders. This method typically employs a two-bunch system: a drive bunch that excites an electromagnetic wakefield in a solid-state or plasma medium, and a witness bunch that extracts energy from the wake for acceleration. Our research focuses on two key challenges in wakefield acceleration using structures. First, we investigate strategies to suppress transverse instabilities by employing non-cylindrical geometries that damp dipole modes. Second, we explore methods to precisely terminate the wakefield after the interaction region, thereby improving the efficiency of energy transfer. This paper presents detailed simulation results and the corresponding experimental design developed to validate these concepts. The proposed experiment will be carried out at the Argonne Wakefield Accelerator (AWA) facility, focusing on controlling wakefield duration through tailored drive and witness bunch configurations and evaluating dielectric-lined structures with non-cylindrical cross sections.
{"title":"Control of wakefield in sub-THz dielectric-lined waveguides using multiple-bunch excitation","authors":"Calcifer Phillips , Scott Doran , Edgar Gomez , Brendan Leung , Xueying Lu , Philippe Piot , John Power","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171182","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171182","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Beam-driven wakefield accelerators offer the potential to achieve accelerating fields approaching the sub-GV/m range, paving the way for compact and cost-effective next-generation high-energy colliders. This method typically employs a two-bunch system: a drive bunch that excites an electromagnetic wakefield in a solid-state or plasma medium, and a witness bunch that extracts energy from the wake for acceleration. Our research focuses on two key challenges in wakefield acceleration using structures. First, we investigate strategies to suppress transverse instabilities by employing non-cylindrical geometries that damp dipole modes. Second, we explore methods to precisely terminate the wakefield after the interaction region, thereby improving the efficiency of energy transfer. This paper presents detailed simulation results and the corresponding experimental design developed to validate these concepts. The proposed experiment will be carried out at the Argonne Wakefield Accelerator (AWA) facility, focusing on controlling wakefield duration through tailored drive and witness bunch configurations and evaluating dielectric-lined structures with non-cylindrical cross sections.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1084 ","pages":"Article 171182"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145622288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-22DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2025.171187
D.P. Burdette , R. Zite , M. Brodeur , A.A. Valverde , O. Bruce , R. Bualuan , A. Cannon , J.A. Clark , C. Davis , T. Florenzo , A.T. Gallant , J. Harkin , A.M. Houff , J. Li , B. Liu , J. Long , P.D. O’Malley , W.S. Porter , C. Quick , R. Ringle , A. Yeck
The St. Benedict ion trapping system, which aims to measure the angular correlation parameter in superallowed-mixed mirror transitions, is under construction at the University of Notre Dame. These measurements will provide much-needed data to improve the accuracy of the element of the CKM matrix. One of the major components of this system is the radio frequency quadrupole cooler-buncher, which is necessary to create low-emittance ion bunches for injection into the measurement Paul trap. The off-line commissioning of the cooler-buncher, using a potassium ion source, determined that the device could produce cooled ion bunches characterized by a 50-ns full-width-half-maximum time width at its exit. The commissioning results also determined the trapping efficiency to be 93(1) and the trapping half-life to be 20.0(5) s.
{"title":"Off-line commissioning of the St. Benedict radiofrequency quadrupole cooler-buncher","authors":"D.P. Burdette , R. Zite , M. Brodeur , A.A. Valverde , O. Bruce , R. Bualuan , A. Cannon , J.A. Clark , C. Davis , T. Florenzo , A.T. Gallant , J. Harkin , A.M. Houff , J. Li , B. Liu , J. Long , P.D. O’Malley , W.S. Porter , C. Quick , R. Ringle , A. Yeck","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171187","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171187","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The St. Benedict ion trapping system, which aims to measure the <span><math><mrow><mi>β</mi><mo>−</mo><mi>ν</mi></mrow></math></span> angular correlation parameter in superallowed-mixed mirror transitions, is under construction at the University of Notre Dame. These measurements will provide much-needed data to improve the accuracy of the <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>V</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>u</mi><mi>d</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> element of the CKM matrix. One of the major components of this system is the radio frequency quadrupole cooler-buncher, which is necessary to create low-emittance ion bunches for injection into the measurement Paul trap. The off-line commissioning of the cooler-buncher, using a potassium ion source, determined that the device could produce cooled ion bunches characterized by a 50-ns full-width-half-maximum time width at its exit. The commissioning results also determined the trapping efficiency to be 93(1)<span><math><mtext>%</mtext></math></span> and the trapping half-life to be 20.0(5) s.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1084 ","pages":"Article 171187"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145681904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-21DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2025.171171
N. Grundmanis , A. Lupilov , V. Gostilo , A. Owens , N. Shen , R. Ren , B. Xiao , Yihui He
We present the results of measurements on CsPbBr3 perovskite single crystals grown by the Bridgman method with preliminary zone-refining. The crystals had a specific resistivity, ρ, of 1.1 × 109 Ω cm, a trap concentration, ηtrap, of 3.46 × 109 cm−3 and a hole mobility, μh, of 34.02 cm2 V−1 ·s−1. The hole mobility-lifetime products (μτ), as determined from a Hecht analysis, was in the range (1.2–2.1) × 10−3 cm2/V, depending on electrode geometry. The spectral performance of detectors fabricated from single crystals of dimensions 4.6 × 4.6 × 2.2 mm3 were evaluated over the energy range (5.9–1332) keV. Three detector structures were fabricated: a planar, planar with guard ring and a ring-electrodes geometry. The energy resolution of the detectors was determined using standard radioactive sources: 55Fe, 241Am, 57Co, 137Cs and 60Co. For the detector utilizing a ring-electrodes geometry, the measured FWHM energy resolutions were: ≤2.6 keV at 5.9 keV, 3.0 keV (5.0 %) at 59.5 keV, 3.4 keV (2.8 %) at 122 keV, 6.2 keV (0.94 %) at 662 keV, 10.3 keV (0.89 %) at 1173 keV and 11.5 keV (0.86 %) at 1332 keV. The energy resolution of the planar detector with a guard ring was 3.4 keV (5.7 %) at 59.5 keV, 3.8 keV (3.1 %) at 122 keV and 5.25 keV (0.79 %) at 662 keV.
{"title":"Spectrometric performance of CsPbBr3 perovskite crystals grown by the Bridgman method with preliminary zone-refining","authors":"N. Grundmanis , A. Lupilov , V. Gostilo , A. Owens , N. Shen , R. Ren , B. Xiao , Yihui He","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171171","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171171","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We present the results of measurements on CsPbBr<sub>3</sub> perovskite single crystals grown by the Bridgman method with preliminary zone-refining. The crystals had a specific resistivity, ρ, of 1.1 × 10<sup>9</sup> Ω cm, a trap concentration, η<sub>trap</sub>, of 3.46 × 10<sup>9</sup> cm<sup>−3</sup> and a hole mobility, μ<sub>h</sub>, of 34.02 cm<sup>2</sup> V<sup>−1</sup> ·s<sup>−1</sup>. The hole mobility-lifetime products (μτ), as determined from a Hecht analysis, was in the range (1.2–2.1) × 10<sup>−3</sup> cm<sup>2</sup>/V, depending on electrode geometry. The spectral performance of detectors fabricated from single crystals of dimensions 4.6 × 4.6 × 2.2 mm<sup>3</sup> were evaluated over the energy range (5.9–1332) keV. Three detector structures were fabricated: a planar, planar with guard ring and a ring-electrodes geometry. The energy resolution of the detectors was determined using standard radioactive sources: <sup>55</sup>Fe, <sup>241</sup>Am, <sup>57</sup>Co, <sup>137</sup>Cs and <sup>60</sup>Co. For the detector utilizing a ring-electrodes geometry, the measured FWHM energy resolutions were: ≤2.6 keV at 5.9 keV, 3.0 keV (5.0 %) at 59.5 keV, 3.4 keV (2.8 %) at 122 keV, 6.2 keV (0.94 %) at 662 keV, 10.3 keV (0.89 %) at 1173 keV and 11.5 keV (0.86 %) at 1332 keV. The energy resolution of the planar detector with a guard ring was 3.4 keV (5.7 %) at 59.5 keV, 3.8 keV (3.1 %) at 122 keV and 5.25 keV (0.79 %) at 662 keV.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1084 ","pages":"Article 171171"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145622172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With the ongoing advancements in particle physics, increasingly stringent requirements have been imposed on the luminosity and energy of particle colliders. China is currently developing a next-generation collider known as the Super Tau-Charm Facility (STCF). To ensure that positrons and electrons collide as designed, the RF system of the STCF storage ring requires a highly stable phase reference line system to deliver low-drift signals to dozens of RF clients across its dual storage rings. This paper presents a dual-fiber phase reference distribution system based on continuous-wave laser carrier transmission. The system allows for the flexible configuration of multiple receivers based on actual operational needs, and the dual-fiber design effectively suppresses signal jitter degradation while ensuring long-distance, low-drift signal transmission. The overall system architecture is described in detail, and a prototype comprising one transmitter and two receivers has been developed for experimental validation. Experimental results demonstrate that the additional phase noise of the 499.7 MHz RF signal after 100 m of transmission is 33 fs. In transmission experiments over distances of 50 m and 100 m between the transmitter and the two receivers, the long-term phase drift between the two output ports remained stable at 23 fs RMS over five days of continuous testing. These results confirm that the proposed system meets the phase reference line requirements of the STCF storage ring.
{"title":"Design of a phase reference line system for Super Tau-Charm Facility storage ring","authors":"Hongjin Wang, Tengjun Guo, Ziyu Xiong, Qing Luo, Lin Wang, Zeran Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171179","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171179","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the ongoing advancements in particle physics, increasingly stringent requirements have been imposed on the luminosity and energy of particle colliders. China is currently developing a next-generation collider known as the Super Tau-Charm Facility (STCF). To ensure that positrons and electrons collide as designed, the RF system of the STCF storage ring requires a highly stable phase reference line system to deliver low-drift signals to dozens of RF clients across its dual storage rings. This paper presents a dual-fiber phase reference distribution system based on continuous-wave laser carrier transmission. The system allows for the flexible configuration of multiple receivers based on actual operational needs, and the dual-fiber design effectively suppresses signal jitter degradation while ensuring long-distance, low-drift signal transmission. The overall system architecture is described in detail, and a prototype comprising one transmitter and two receivers has been developed for experimental validation. Experimental results demonstrate that the additional phase noise of the 499.7 MHz RF signal after 100 m of transmission is 33 fs. In transmission experiments over distances of 50 m and 100 m between the transmitter and the two receivers, the long-term phase drift between the two output ports remained stable at 23 fs RMS over five days of continuous testing. These results confirm that the proposed system meets the phase reference line requirements of the STCF storage ring.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1084 ","pages":"Article 171179"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145622213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-20DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2025.171184
Geetanjali Vashisht , Payal Taya , Ravi Kumar , Ayushi Trivedi , M.K. Tiwari , T.K. Sharma , V.K. Dixit
Gallium arsenide is a promising material for high-sensitivity X-ray photon detection and three-dimensional imaging applications in direct photon counting mode across a wide energy range. We report on an epitaxial p-i-n GaAs detector that is free from EL2 defects, grown using metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy. This technique allows for the creation of an atomically controlled junction field. The device was fabricated with a customized maskless lithography system and tested using both a lab-based Cu-Kα source and under the specific synchrotron flux conditions. We observed a fourfold enhancement in absorption near the K-edges of gallium and arsenic (approximately 10.4 keV and 11.9 keV), aligning with theoretical calculations. The detector demonstrates a wide operating current range (about 106 at 12 keV) and a low dark current (approximately 5 pA), indicating its high charge conversion efficiency for X-ray photons. It successfully measured the characteristic lines of various transition metals such as manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), and zirconium (Zr) at energies of 6.5, 7.1, 8.3, 8.9, and 17.9 keV, respectively. Furthermore, the composition of the Fe-Ni alloy was identified by measuring its K-edge, consistent with results from commercial X-ray fluorescence set up at low energy range. The detection of the Zr K-edge (at 17.9 keV), also confirms the effectiveness of GaAs X-ray detectors in identifying high atomic number elements, outperforming silicon detectors beyond 10 keV. These findings highlight GaAs detectors as viable candidates for grating-based phase-contrast computed X-ray tomography, which is essential for advanced safety and medical applications.
{"title":"Identification of transition metals and their alloys using a synchrotron X-ray source and a MOVPE grown GaAs p-i-n detector","authors":"Geetanjali Vashisht , Payal Taya , Ravi Kumar , Ayushi Trivedi , M.K. Tiwari , T.K. Sharma , V.K. Dixit","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171184","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171184","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gallium arsenide is a promising material for high-sensitivity X-ray photon detection and three-dimensional imaging applications in direct photon counting mode across a wide energy range. We report on an epitaxial p-i-n GaAs detector that is free from EL<sub>2</sub> defects, grown using metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy. This technique allows for the creation of an atomically controlled junction field. The device was fabricated with a customized maskless lithography system and tested using both a lab-based Cu-K<sub>α</sub> source and under the specific synchrotron flux conditions. We observed a fourfold enhancement in absorption near the K-edges of gallium and arsenic (approximately 10.4 keV and 11.9 keV), aligning with theoretical calculations. The detector demonstrates a wide operating current range (about 10<sup>6</sup> at 12 keV) and a low dark current (approximately 5 pA), indicating its high charge conversion efficiency for X-ray photons. It successfully measured the characteristic lines of various transition metals such as manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), and zirconium (Zr) at energies of 6.5, 7.1, 8.3, 8.9, and 17.9 keV, respectively. Furthermore, the composition of the Fe-Ni alloy was identified by measuring its K-edge, consistent with results from commercial X-ray fluorescence set up at low energy range. The detection of the Zr K-edge (at 17.9 keV), also confirms the effectiveness of GaAs X-ray detectors in identifying high atomic number elements, outperforming silicon detectors beyond 10 keV. These findings highlight GaAs detectors as viable candidates for grating-based phase-contrast computed X-ray tomography, which is essential for advanced safety and medical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1084 ","pages":"Article 171184"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145622287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-19DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2025.171181
Zeinab Ebrahimpour , Marcello Coreno , Sultan Dabagov , Monica de Simone , Mikhail Mazuritskiy , Awad E.A. Mohamed , Javad Rezvani , Fabio Zuccaro , Augusto Marcelli
The manuscript describes the preliminary design of a confocal soft X-ray microscope that utilizes microchannel plates (MCPs) as both the condenser and objective. This project funded by the INFN's Vth Committee aims to demonstrate the feasibility of a versatile X-ray microscope based on diffractive metalenses of low cost. The experimental setup includes a customized high-vacuum (HV) chamber with two hexapods manipulators for the precise alignment of the lens. Preliminary data obtained using flat MCPs are also presented. Synchrotron radiation tests have demonstrated the condensing capabilities and dispersive properties of MCPs, highlighting their potential for the manipulation of the radiation beam.
{"title":"Advancing soft X-ray microscopy with diffractive metalenses: Experimental design and initial results","authors":"Zeinab Ebrahimpour , Marcello Coreno , Sultan Dabagov , Monica de Simone , Mikhail Mazuritskiy , Awad E.A. Mohamed , Javad Rezvani , Fabio Zuccaro , Augusto Marcelli","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171181","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171181","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The manuscript describes the preliminary design of a confocal soft X-ray microscope that utilizes microchannel plates (MCPs) as both the condenser and objective. This project funded by the INFN's Vth Committee aims to demonstrate the feasibility of a versatile X-ray microscope based on diffractive metalenses of low cost. The experimental setup includes a customized high-vacuum (HV) chamber with two hexapods manipulators for the precise alignment of the lens. Preliminary data obtained using flat MCPs are also presented. Synchrotron radiation tests have demonstrated the condensing capabilities and dispersive properties of MCPs, highlighting their potential for the manipulation of the radiation beam.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1083 ","pages":"Article 171181"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145569145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-19DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2025.171164
Jairo Villegas , Veronika Kraus , Florent Dougados , Michael Moll , Salvador Hidalgo
Detecting low-penetrating particles in silicon, such as soft X-rays, ultraviolet light, or low-energy charged particles, is fundamental for a wide range of applications in both industry and research. The nLGAD (n-type Low Gain Avalanche Detector) is considered a good candidate for that, as it potentially combines high sensitivity with excellent timing performance, while avoiding the excess noise of conventional Avalanche Photodiodes (APDs), which are not optimized for precise timing measurements.
However, further investigation is needed to fully understand nLGAD performance in different detection environments and background irradiation conditions. This work presents the first results of gain suppression effects in nLGADs when illuminating with low- and high-penetrating photons with wavelengths of 404 nm ( 0.1 µm absorption length in silicon) and 1064 nm ( 1000 µm absorption length in silicon), as well as their dependence on the actual photon density of the beam sources. Additionally, the nLGAD gain after moderate levels of proton irradiation are also studied for low-penetrating 404 nm wavelength photons. The results confirm that nLGADs maintain a moderate gain under these conditions, confirming their suitability for detecting low-penetrating photons even after irradiation.
{"title":"Gain suppression studies on nLGAD detectors","authors":"Jairo Villegas , Veronika Kraus , Florent Dougados , Michael Moll , Salvador Hidalgo","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171164","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171164","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Detecting low-penetrating particles in silicon, such as soft X-rays, ultraviolet light, or low-energy charged particles, is fundamental for a wide range of applications in both industry and research. The nLGAD (n-type Low Gain Avalanche Detector) is considered a good candidate for that, as it potentially combines high sensitivity with excellent timing performance, while avoiding the excess noise of conventional Avalanche Photodiodes (APDs), which are not optimized for precise timing measurements.</div><div>However, further investigation is needed to fully understand nLGAD performance in different detection environments and background irradiation conditions. This work presents the first results of gain suppression effects in nLGADs when illuminating with low- and high-penetrating photons with wavelengths of 404 nm (<span><math><mo>≈</mo></math></span> 0.1<!--> <!-->µm absorption length in silicon) and 1064 nm (<span><math><mo>≈</mo></math></span> 1000<!--> <!-->µm absorption length in silicon), as well as their dependence on the actual photon density of the beam sources. Additionally, the nLGAD gain after moderate levels of proton irradiation are also studied for low-penetrating 404<!--> <!-->nm wavelength photons. The results confirm that nLGADs maintain a moderate gain under these conditions, confirming their suitability for detecting low-penetrating photons even after irradiation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1083 ","pages":"Article 171164"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145569139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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