Pub Date : 2026-01-06DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2025.171270
Wei Tian, Donglian Xu
{"title":"Corrigendum to “A camera system for real-time optical calibration of water-based neutrino telescopes” [Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A 1076 (2025) 170489]","authors":"Wei Tian, Donglian Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171270","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171270","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1085 ","pages":"Article 171270"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145929145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-05DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2026.171275
S. Dalal , K. Banerjee , G. Mukerjee , T.K. Rana , P. Roy , S. Manna , S. Roy , R. Shil , S.R. Singh , P. Pant , S. Adhikary , S. Kundu , T.K. Ghosh , A. Sen , R. Pandey , B. Layek , S. Sadhukhan , S. Dawn
The -ray spectroscopy of light mass nuclei Li, Be, 11B, and C is demonstrated using a deuterated liquid scintillator detector EJ315 of dimension 2. The measured pulse height distribution, which gives the Compton continuum, was unfolded using a response matrix prepared with Geant4 simulation. This approach provides full energy information of the incident -rays which was verified using various standard sources. A comparison of unfolded -ray spectra with those measured using the CeBr detector of same dimension was found to be in agreement.
{"title":"Gamma-ray spectroscopy using deuterated liquid scintillator EJ315 detector","authors":"S. Dalal , K. Banerjee , G. Mukerjee , T.K. Rana , P. Roy , S. Manna , S. Roy , R. Shil , S.R. Singh , P. Pant , S. Adhikary , S. Kundu , T.K. Ghosh , A. Sen , R. Pandey , B. Layek , S. Sadhukhan , S. Dawn","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2026.171275","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2026.171275","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The <span><math><mi>γ</mi></math></span>-ray spectroscopy of light mass nuclei <span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>7</mn></mrow></msup></math></span>Li, <span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>7</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>8</mn></mrow></msup></math></span>Be, <sup>11</sup>B, and <span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>11</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>12</mn></mrow></msup></math></span>C is demonstrated using a deuterated liquid scintillator detector EJ315 of dimension 2<span><math><mrow><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mo>′</mo><mo>′</mo></mrow></msup><mo>×</mo><msup><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>′</mo><mo>′</mo></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>. The measured pulse height distribution, which gives the Compton continuum, was unfolded using a response matrix prepared with Geant4 simulation. This approach provides full energy information of the incident <span><math><mi>γ</mi></math></span>-rays which was verified using various standard sources. A comparison of unfolded <span><math><mi>γ</mi></math></span>-ray spectra with those measured using the CeBr<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> detector of same dimension was found to be in agreement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1084 ","pages":"Article 171275"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145924698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-05DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2025.171269
H. Ramm , P. Simon , P. Alexaki , C. Arran , R. Bingham , A. Goillot , J.T. Gudmundsson , J.W.D. Halliday , B. Lloyd , E.E. Los , V. Stergiou , S. Zhang , G. Gregori , N. Charitonidis
A robust and flexible architecture capable of providing real-time analysis on diagnostic data is of crucial importance to physics experiments. In this paper, we present such an online framework, used in June 2025 as part of the HRMT-68 experiment, performed at the HiRadMat facility at CERN, using the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) beam line. HRMT-68 was a fixed-target laboratory astrophysics experiment aiming to identify plasma instabilities generated by a relativistic electron–positron beam during traversal of an argon plasma. This framework was essential for experimental data acquisition and analysis, and can be adapted for a broad range of similar-scale experiments with a variety of experimental diagnostics, even those without a standard direct network communication interface. The developed framework’s customizable design enabled us to rapidly observe and extract emergent features from a diverse range of diagnostic data. Simultaneously, its modularity allowed for a quick introduction of new diagnostic devices and the modification of our analysis as features of interest were identified. As a result, we were able to effectively diagnose equipment malfunction, and infer the beam’s response to varying bunch duration, beam intensity, and the plasma state without resorting to offline analysis, at which time adjustment or improvement would have been impossible. We present the features of this agile framework, whose codebase we have made publicly available so that it may be adapted for future experiments with minimal modification.
{"title":"An online data analysis framework for small-scale physics experiments","authors":"H. Ramm , P. Simon , P. Alexaki , C. Arran , R. Bingham , A. Goillot , J.T. Gudmundsson , J.W.D. Halliday , B. Lloyd , E.E. Los , V. Stergiou , S. Zhang , G. Gregori , N. Charitonidis","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171269","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171269","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A robust and flexible architecture capable of providing real-time analysis on diagnostic data is of crucial importance to physics experiments. In this paper, we present such an online framework, used in June 2025 as part of the HRMT-68 experiment, performed at the HiRadMat facility at CERN, using the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) beam line. HRMT-68 was a fixed-target laboratory astrophysics experiment aiming to identify plasma instabilities generated by a relativistic electron–positron beam during traversal of an argon plasma. This framework was essential for experimental data acquisition and analysis, and can be adapted for a broad range of similar-scale experiments with a variety of experimental diagnostics, even those without a standard direct network communication interface. The developed framework’s customizable design enabled us to rapidly observe and extract emergent features from a diverse range of diagnostic data. Simultaneously, its modularity allowed for a quick introduction of new diagnostic devices and the modification of our analysis as features of interest were identified. As a result, we were able to effectively diagnose equipment malfunction, and infer the beam’s response to varying bunch duration, beam intensity, and the plasma state without resorting to offline analysis, at which time adjustment or improvement would have been impossible. We present the features of this agile framework, whose codebase we have made publicly available so that it may be adapted for future experiments with minimal modification.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1085 ","pages":"Article 171269"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145898015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-02DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2025.171271
J. Va'vra
Persistent photon and single-electron emissions - in the form of “electron trains” and localized “hot spots” - have been observed in multiple dual-phase liquid xenon (LXe) time projection chambers (TPCs), often persisting long after ionizing events. We show that these phenomena are naturally explained by photon-triggered single-electron emission from resistive mixed-oxide films on stainless-steel (SS304 or s.s.) wires, which behave as leaky capacitors with long RC time constants at LXe temperature. Positive ions landing on these oxides can further enhance local fields and drive Malter-like electron emission. We outline the materials physics (Cr2O3/Cr2O3-x/Cr(OH)3 mosaics), quantify expected time scales (∼1 s under illumination), and demonstrate how small damaged regions with enhanced QE can produce persistent hot spots.
{"title":"Electron emissions and hot spots in dual-phase LXe TPCs","authors":"J. Va'vra","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171271","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171271","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Persistent photon and single-electron emissions - in the form of “electron trains” and localized “hot spots” - have been observed in multiple dual-phase liquid xenon (LXe) time projection chambers (TPCs), often persisting long after ionizing events. We show that these phenomena are naturally explained by photon-triggered single-electron emission from resistive mixed-oxide films on stainless-steel (SS304 or s.s.) wires, which behave as leaky capacitors with long RC time constants at LXe temperature. Positive ions landing on these oxides can further enhance local fields and drive Malter-like electron emission. We outline the materials physics (Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3-x</sub>/Cr(OH)<sub>3</sub> mosaics), quantify expected time scales (∼1 s under illumination), and demonstrate how small damaged regions with enhanced QE can produce persistent hot spots.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1084 ","pages":"Article 171271"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145924694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-02DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2025.171273
J. Peña-Rodríguez, J. Förtsch, C. Pauly, K.-H. Kampert
The quantitative measurement of energy deposits in particle detectors, particularly in calorimeters, is usually accomplished with the help of Analog-to-Digital converters (ADCs) due to their precision, wide measurement range, and good linearity. However, drawbacks such as power consumption, data volume, and bandwidth limit their use in the next generation of high-energy physics experiments. Time-over-threshold (ToT) systems offer simplicity, low power consumption, ease of integration, and a wide bandwidth, but they lack precision, linearity, and dynamic range. In this work, we propose a shaper circuit that improves the weaknesses of ToT systems without sacrificing performance. The shaper contains a fast diode that discharges a capacitor with a constant current, thereby linearizing the trailing edge of the input signal. The three tested capacitances (47 pF, 100 pF, and 330 pF) probed the linearization concept with R-squared values between the linear model and the data around 0.99. The shaper precision and resolution improve by increasing the capacitance, but also the dead time. The shaper bandwidth was 150 MHz for 47 pF. We simulated and implemented the shaper concept in the readout system of the Ring Imaging Cherenkov detector of the Compressed Baryonic Matter experiment at FAIR.
{"title":"Shaping circuit for improving linearity, bandwidth, and dynamic range in ToT-based detectors","authors":"J. Peña-Rodríguez, J. Förtsch, C. Pauly, K.-H. Kampert","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171273","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171273","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The quantitative measurement of energy deposits in particle detectors, particularly in calorimeters, is usually accomplished with the help of Analog-to-Digital converters (ADCs) due to their precision, wide measurement range, and good linearity. However, drawbacks such as power consumption, data volume, and bandwidth limit their use in the next generation of high-energy physics experiments. Time-over-threshold (ToT) systems offer simplicity, low power consumption, ease of integration, and a wide bandwidth, but they lack precision, linearity, and dynamic range. In this work, we propose a shaper circuit that improves the weaknesses of ToT systems without sacrificing performance. The shaper contains a fast diode that discharges a capacitor with a constant current, thereby linearizing the trailing edge of the input signal. The three tested capacitances (47<!--> <!-->pF, 100<!--> <!-->pF, and 330<!--> <!-->pF) probed the linearization concept with R-squared values between the linear model and the data around 0.99. The shaper precision and resolution improve by increasing the capacitance, but also the dead time. The shaper bandwidth was <span><math><mo>∼</mo></math></span>150<!--> <!-->MHz for 47<!--> <!-->pF. We simulated and implemented the shaper concept in the readout system of the Ring Imaging Cherenkov detector of the Compressed Baryonic Matter experiment at FAIR.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1084 ","pages":"Article 171273"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145924704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2025.171274
Xingcan Li , Hua Cai , Shubin Chen , Kun Ge , Zhehao Hua , Hao He , Jifeng Han , Peng Hu , Jinsheng Jia , Weichang Li , Sen Qian , Wang Qiao , Xusheng Qiao , Jing Ren , Xinyuan Sun , Zexuan Sui , Gao Tang , Jingping Tang , Dong Yang , Huiping Yuan , Jinlong Zhu
A novel Hadron Calorimeter (HCAL) design scheme utilizing glass scintillators to replace plastic scintillators in the analog read-out option has been proposed. To satisfy the performance indicators of Glass Scintillator Hadron Calorimeter (GSHCAL), batch testing and screening of the properties of glass scintillators are imperative. Large-size glass scintillators were batch-fabricated via the melt-quenching method, and their properties were rapidly tested and analyzed using a PMT-based test system. Over 50 % of the samples comply with the specified performance indicators. The light output (LO) of the glasses is effectively sustained above 1000 ph/MeV, while the decay time is controlled below 500 ns. This study provides an effective approach for the batch testing of large-size glass scintillators and contributes significantly to the development of GSHCAL.
{"title":"Batch testing results of GFO glass scintillators for GSHCAL","authors":"Xingcan Li , Hua Cai , Shubin Chen , Kun Ge , Zhehao Hua , Hao He , Jifeng Han , Peng Hu , Jinsheng Jia , Weichang Li , Sen Qian , Wang Qiao , Xusheng Qiao , Jing Ren , Xinyuan Sun , Zexuan Sui , Gao Tang , Jingping Tang , Dong Yang , Huiping Yuan , Jinlong Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171274","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171274","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A novel Hadron Calorimeter (HCAL) design scheme utilizing glass scintillators to replace plastic scintillators in the analog read-out option has been proposed. To satisfy the performance indicators of Glass Scintillator Hadron Calorimeter (GSHCAL), batch testing and screening of the properties of glass scintillators are imperative. Large-size glass scintillators were batch-fabricated via the melt-quenching method, and their properties were rapidly tested and analyzed using a PMT-based test system. Over 50 % of the samples comply with the specified performance indicators. The light output (LO) of the glasses is effectively sustained above 1000 ph/MeV, while the decay time is controlled below 500 ns. This study provides an effective approach for the batch testing of large-size glass scintillators and contributes significantly to the development of GSHCAL.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1085 ","pages":"Article 171274"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145929143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Over the past several decades, external-beam radiotherapy has advanced significantly owing to sophisticated treatment-planning techniques and image-guided delivery. Nevertheless, the dose actually delivered to patients can deviate from that prescribed because of treatment-planning inaccuracies, delivery errors, and setup uncertainties. Consequently, in vivo dosimetry, a quality assurance technique that directly measures the dose delivered to patients, has been recommended internationally. In this study, we evaluated the response of a small spherical diode dosimeter (SSDD) to X-rays as a novel alternative to conventional in vivo dosimeters. The sensitive volume consists of a 1.2-mm-diameter spherical silicon junction, comprising a p-type core surrounded by an n-type layer on all sides except the bottom, forming a spherical p–n junction. Aluminum (n-side, top) and silver (p-side, bottom) electrodes are aligned along the central axis of the sphere. The SSDD (diameter = 1.7 mm) is sufficiently small for body insertion and enables real-time delivered dose measurements via the collected ionization charge. Radiation-induced response degradation was found to be linear and could be readily corrected through pre- and post-irradiation calibration. The percent depth dose (PDD) measured using the SSDD closely matched that obtained with a Farmer-type ionization chamber, reproducing the reference PDD within 2.5 % at all depths except at the nominal surface. Angular dependence evaluation revealed alternating regions of higher and lower sensitivity at steps of ∼90° for all dosimeters. Although an angular dependence was observed, its magnitude was small (≤3 %). These findings indicate that the SSDD is a suitable in vivo dosimeter for therapeutic X-ray beams.
{"title":"Fundamental X-ray characterization of a small spherical diode dosimeter for in-vivo dosimetry","authors":"Masaya Watanabe , Ren Abukawa , Shinnosuke Matsumoto","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171272","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171272","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Over the past several decades, external-beam radiotherapy has advanced significantly owing to sophisticated treatment-planning techniques and image-guided delivery. Nevertheless, the dose actually delivered to patients can deviate from that prescribed because of treatment-planning inaccuracies, delivery errors, and setup uncertainties. Consequently, in vivo dosimetry, a quality assurance technique that directly measures the dose delivered to patients, has been recommended internationally. In this study, we evaluated the response of a small spherical diode dosimeter (SSDD) to X-rays as a novel alternative to conventional in vivo dosimeters. The sensitive volume consists of a 1.2-mm-diameter spherical silicon junction, comprising a p-type core surrounded by an n-type layer on all sides except the bottom, forming a spherical p–n junction. Aluminum (n-side, top) and silver (p-side, bottom) electrodes are aligned along the central axis of the sphere. The SSDD (diameter = 1.7 mm) is sufficiently small for body insertion and enables real-time delivered dose measurements via the collected ionization charge. Radiation-induced response degradation was found to be linear and could be readily corrected through pre- and post-irradiation calibration. The percent depth dose (PDD) measured using the SSDD closely matched that obtained with a Farmer-type ionization chamber, reproducing the reference PDD within 2.5 % at all depths except at the nominal surface. Angular dependence evaluation revealed alternating regions of higher and lower sensitivity at steps of ∼90° for all dosimeters. Although an angular dependence was observed, its magnitude was small (≤3 %). These findings indicate that the SSDD is a suitable in vivo dosimeter for therapeutic X-ray beams.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1085 ","pages":"Article 171272"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145929144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-31DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2025.171254
A. Spatafora , D. Carbone , L. La Fauci , G.A. Brischetto , D. Calvo , F. Cappuzzello , M. Cavallaro , A. Crnjac , K. Ivanković Nizić , M. Jakšić , D. Torresi , S. Tudisco , NUMEN collaboration
Large area, p–n junction, silicon carbide (SiC) detectors will be used to construct the new particle identification system of the focal plane detector of the MAGNEX magnetic spectrometer foreseeing the NUMEN experimental campaigns. The present work aims to the characterization of these devices in terms of the charge collection efficiency (CCE) both in the inner areas and along the perimeter. Ion beam induced charge technique with a proton microprobe is used for obtaining a 3D characterization of the CCE of the SiC detectors. The technique allows to draw the CCE profile with accuracy as low as along the surface area and to explore a possible dependence on the depth of the detectors by exploring a range of proton incident energies from 1.26 to 3.92 MeV. In the inner area a good uniformity in the signal collection is found, whereas an anomalous behavior is observed in two of the four edges. The present results suggest the necessity to improve the wafer cutting techniques together with a recast of the edge structures.
{"title":"Proton microbeam studies of charge collection efficiency in large area silicon carbide detectors","authors":"A. Spatafora , D. Carbone , L. La Fauci , G.A. Brischetto , D. Calvo , F. Cappuzzello , M. Cavallaro , A. Crnjac , K. Ivanković Nizić , M. Jakšić , D. Torresi , S. Tudisco , NUMEN collaboration","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171254","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171254","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Large area, p–n junction, silicon carbide (SiC) detectors will be used to construct the new particle identification system of the focal plane detector of the MAGNEX magnetic spectrometer foreseeing the NUMEN experimental campaigns. The present work aims to the characterization of these devices in terms of the charge collection efficiency (CCE) both in the inner areas and along the perimeter. Ion beam induced charge technique with a proton microprobe is used for obtaining a 3D characterization of the CCE of the SiC detectors. The technique allows to draw the CCE profile with accuracy as low as <span><math><mrow><mn>10</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>μ</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow></math></span> along the surface area and to explore a possible dependence on the depth of the detectors by exploring a range of proton incident energies from 1.26 to 3.92 MeV. In the inner area a good uniformity in the signal collection is found, whereas an anomalous behavior is observed in two of the four edges. The present results suggest the necessity to improve the wafer cutting techniques together with a recast of the edge structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1084 ","pages":"Article 171254"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145883494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-31DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2025.171268
J.M. Mejía Camacho , J.C. Cabanillas Noris , I. León Monzón , G. Herrera Corral
This paper proposes a methodology to predict the possible change of the power supply voltage levels over time for the photomultiplier tubes (PMT) used in scintillator plastic detectors located in High Energy Physics (HEP) experiments. Setting the appropriate voltage levels of a PMT becomes crucial to ensure an accurate reading of charge values during particle collisions. However, determining optimal voltage levels is labor-intensive and time-consuming. To minimize this challenge, we propose a set of steps utilizing an artificial Neural Network (NN) trained using the data taken by the ALICE Diffractive detector (AD) during RUN-2 of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The methodology involves rigorous data processing to identify and mitigate atypical data, followed by training the NN model using the data of the AD PMTs, such as charge readings, voltage applied, current consumption, and time of use. The resulting trained NN model demonstrates high accuracy in predicting voltage levels. The potential impact of this research is significant, offering a streamlined method to define PMT voltage levels, saving substantial time and effort, and contributing to obtaining accurate data-taking for later analysis in the study of physics. Moreover, this approach sets the start for future advancements in particle physics research by enabling efficient methodologies to define the voltage levels of PTMs for other ALICE detectors, ultimately contributing to enhanced data precision and analysis in future LHC runs.
{"title":"Neural network-based predicting model of power supply voltage for a scintillator plastic detector in high energy physics","authors":"J.M. Mejía Camacho , J.C. Cabanillas Noris , I. León Monzón , G. Herrera Corral","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171268","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171268","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper proposes a methodology to predict the possible change of the power supply voltage levels over time for the photomultiplier tubes (PMT) used in scintillator plastic detectors located in High Energy Physics (HEP) experiments. Setting the appropriate voltage levels of a PMT becomes crucial to ensure an accurate reading of charge values during particle collisions. However, determining optimal voltage levels is labor-intensive and time-consuming. To minimize this challenge, we propose a set of steps utilizing an artificial Neural Network (NN) trained using the data taken by the ALICE Diffractive detector (AD) during RUN-2 of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The methodology involves rigorous data processing to identify and mitigate atypical data, followed by training the NN model using the data of the AD PMTs, such as charge readings, voltage applied, current consumption, and time of use. The resulting trained NN model demonstrates high accuracy in predicting voltage levels. The potential impact of this research is significant, offering a streamlined method to define PMT voltage levels, saving substantial time and effort, and contributing to obtaining accurate data-taking for later analysis in the study of physics. Moreover, this approach sets the start for future advancements in particle physics research by enabling efficient methodologies to define the voltage levels of PTMs for other ALICE detectors, ultimately contributing to enhanced data precision and analysis in future LHC runs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1084 ","pages":"Article 171268"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145883487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号