Pub Date : 2025-11-26DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2025.171196
J.-M. Zanotti , S. Rodrigues , P. Lavie , P. Permingeat , B. Homatter , Q. Berrod
SHARP (Spectromètre Hybride Alpes Région Parisienne) is a new-generation time-of-flight neutron spectrometer installed at the Institut Laue-Langevin (ILL). It is designed to investigate dynamical processes in condensed matter with high energy resolution and broad experimental versatility. Developed as a complete upgrade of the former IN6 instrument, SHARP addresses key scientific challenges in soft matter, biology, energy materials, and solid-state physics, where precise measurements of atomic and molecular motions are essential. The main design objective is to achieve a higher counting rate while maintaining the IN6 strong neutron flux, by providing wide angular and energy coverage through multiple take-off angle geometries. Notable features include a fully vacuum-compatible secondary spectrometer, a retractable sample window allowing the detector tank to remain under vacuum while enabling experiments requiring controlled sample environments, and a bank of 240 position-sensitive 3He detectors operating at 5 bar, ensuring enhanced spectral spatial definition. Compared to IN6, SHARP delivers a twofold increase in counting rate in the elastic region and a lower background. This paper outlines the scientific motivations behind the SHARP project, describes the main instrumental innovations, and demonstrates the instrument’s performance through initial scientific results on molecular diffusion in zeolite, determinant of the selectivity of these materials for use in membrane-based gas separations.
SHARP （spectrom Hybride Alpes r Parisienne）是安装在lae - langevin研究所（ILL）的新一代飞行时间中子光谱仪。它旨在研究凝聚态物质的动力学过程，具有高能量分辨率和广泛的实验通用性。作为前IN6仪器的完整升级，SHARP解决了软物质，生物学，能源材料和固态物理中的关键科学挑战，其中原子和分子运动的精确测量是必不可少的。主要的设计目标是在保持IN6强中子通量的同时实现更高的计数率，通过多个发射角几何形状提供宽角度和能量覆盖。值得注意的特点包括一个完全真空兼容的二次光谱仪，一个可伸缩的样品窗口，使探测器罐保持在真空下，同时使实验需要受控的样品环境，以及一组240个位置敏感的3He探测器，工作在5巴，确保增强的光谱空间清晰度。与IN6相比，SHARP在弹性区域的计数率提高了两倍，背景也更低。本文概述了夏普项目背后的科学动机，描述了主要的仪器创新，并通过沸石分子扩散的初步科学结果展示了仪器的性能，沸石分子扩散决定了这些材料用于膜基气体分离的选择性。
{"title":"The time-focusing neutron spectrometer SHARP","authors":"J.-M. Zanotti , S. Rodrigues , P. Lavie , P. Permingeat , B. Homatter , Q. Berrod","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171196","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171196","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>SHARP (Spectromètre Hybride Alpes Région Parisienne) is a new-generation time-of-flight neutron spectrometer installed at the Institut Laue-Langevin (ILL). It is designed to investigate dynamical processes in condensed matter with high energy resolution and broad experimental versatility. Developed as a complete upgrade of the former IN6 instrument, SHARP addresses key scientific challenges in soft matter, biology, energy materials, and solid-state physics, where precise measurements of atomic and molecular motions are essential. The main design objective is to achieve a higher counting rate while maintaining the IN6 strong neutron flux, by providing wide angular and energy coverage through multiple take-off angle geometries. Notable features include a fully vacuum-compatible secondary spectrometer, a retractable sample window allowing the detector tank to remain under vacuum while enabling experiments requiring controlled sample environments, and a bank of 240 position-sensitive <sup>3</sup>He detectors operating at 5 bar, ensuring enhanced spectral spatial definition. Compared to IN6, SHARP delivers a twofold increase in counting rate in the elastic region and a lower background. This paper outlines the scientific motivations behind the SHARP project, describes the main instrumental innovations, and demonstrates the instrument’s performance through initial scientific results on molecular diffusion in zeolite, determinant of the selectivity of these materials for use in membrane-based gas separations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1084 ","pages":"Article 171196"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145622214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-26DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2025.171195
I. Velkovska , A. Aboulhorma , M. Ait Tamlihat , H.M. Alfanda , O. Atanova , N. Atanov , I. Azzouzi , J. Barreiro Guimarães da Costa , T. Beau , D. Benchekroun , F. Bendebba , G. Bergamin , Y. Bimgdi , A. Blot , A. Boikov , J. Bonis , D. Boumediene , C. Brito , A.S. Brogna , A.M. Burger , X. Zhuang
Production of the High Granularity Timing Detector for the ATLAS experiment at High Luminosity LHC requires over silicon sensors based on Low Gain Avalanche Diode (LGAD) technology. Their radiation hardness is monitored as a part of the production quality control. Dedicated test structures from each wafer are irradiated with neutrons and a fast and comprehensive characterization is required. We introduce a new test method based on Transient Current Technique (TCT) performed in the interface region of two LGAD devices. The measurement enables extraction of numerous sensor performance parameters, such as LGAD gain layer depletion voltage, LGAD gain dependence on bias voltage, sensor leakage current and effective interpad distance. Complementary capacitance-voltage measurements and charge collection measurements with on the same samples have been performed to calibrate the TCT results in terms of charge collection and define acceptance criteria for wafer radiation hardness in the ATLAS-HGTD project.
{"title":"TCT-based monitoring of LGAD radiation hardness for ATLAS-HGTD production","authors":"I. Velkovska , A. Aboulhorma , M. Ait Tamlihat , H.M. Alfanda , O. Atanova , N. Atanov , I. Azzouzi , J. Barreiro Guimarães da Costa , T. Beau , D. Benchekroun , F. Bendebba , G. Bergamin , Y. Bimgdi , A. Blot , A. Boikov , J. Bonis , D. Boumediene , C. Brito , A.S. Brogna , A.M. Burger , X. Zhuang","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171195","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171195","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Production of the High Granularity Timing Detector for the ATLAS experiment at High Luminosity LHC requires over <span><math><mrow><mn>21</mn><mspace></mspace><mn>000</mn></mrow></math></span> silicon sensors based on Low Gain Avalanche Diode (LGAD) technology. Their radiation hardness is monitored as a part of the production quality control. Dedicated test structures from each wafer are irradiated with neutrons and a fast and comprehensive characterization is required. We introduce a new test method based on Transient Current Technique (TCT) performed in the interface region of two LGAD devices. The measurement enables extraction of numerous sensor performance parameters, such as LGAD gain layer depletion voltage, LGAD gain dependence on bias voltage, sensor leakage current and effective interpad distance. Complementary capacitance-voltage measurements and charge collection measurements with <span><math><mrow><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>90</mn></mrow></msup><mi>Sr</mi></mrow></math></span> on the same samples have been performed to calibrate the TCT results in terms of charge collection and define acceptance criteria for wafer radiation hardness in the ATLAS-HGTD project.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1084 ","pages":"Article 171195"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145681906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-26DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2025.171197
XiaoJuan Zhou , Wenrui Xu , Jianrong Zhou , Hong Xu , Taiseng Zuo , He Cheng , Peixun Shen , Haiyun Teng , Jiajie Li , Lei Hu , Yongxiang Qiu , Xingfen Jiang , Wenqin Yang , Yanfeng Wang , Qinlei Xiu , Mengqi Jiang , Jian Zhuang , Yubin Zhao , Zhijia Sun , Yuanbo Chen
A large-area, vacuum-compatible modular 3He tube detector array has been developed for the Very Small Angle Neutron Scattering (VSANS) instrument at the China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS). The detector array was constructed using position-sensitive 3He tubes with a diameter of 8 mm and a pressure of 20 atm, covering a total active area of 3.6 m2. To minimize air scattering, the detector array is designed to operate in a vacuum. A special 3He tube design was implemented to prevent high-voltage sparking and ensure reliable operation in this environment. The detector array achieves a minimum position resolution of 7.2 ± 0.1 mm and a detection efficiency of over 80 % for thermal neutrons (2 Å - 5.5 Å). The detector array has been operating reliably for nearly two years, supporting the VSANS instrument's user program and enabling a wide range of scientific research.
为中国散裂中子源（CSNS）的甚小角中子散射（VSANS）仪器研制了一种大面积、真空兼容的模块化3He管探测器阵列。探测器阵列采用位置敏感3He管，直径为8 mm，压力为20 atm，总有效面积为3.6 m2。为了尽量减少空气散射，探测器阵列被设计成在真空中工作。采用了特殊的3He管设计，以防止高压火花，并确保在这种环境下可靠运行。探测器阵列的最小位置分辨率为7.2±0.1 mm，对热中子（2 Å - 5.5 Å）的探测效率超过80%。探测器阵列已经可靠地运行了近两年，支持VSANS仪器的用户程序，并使广泛的科学研究成为可能。
{"title":"A large-area, vacuum-compatible modular 3He tube detector array for the VSANS instrument at CSNS","authors":"XiaoJuan Zhou , Wenrui Xu , Jianrong Zhou , Hong Xu , Taiseng Zuo , He Cheng , Peixun Shen , Haiyun Teng , Jiajie Li , Lei Hu , Yongxiang Qiu , Xingfen Jiang , Wenqin Yang , Yanfeng Wang , Qinlei Xiu , Mengqi Jiang , Jian Zhuang , Yubin Zhao , Zhijia Sun , Yuanbo Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171197","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171197","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A large-area, vacuum-compatible modular <sup>3</sup>He tube detector array has been developed for the Very Small Angle Neutron Scattering (VSANS) instrument at the China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS). The detector array was constructed using position-sensitive <sup>3</sup>He tubes with a diameter of 8 mm and a pressure of 20 atm, covering a total active area of 3.6 m<sup>2</sup>. To minimize air scattering, the detector array is designed to operate in a vacuum. A special <sup>3</sup>He tube design was implemented to prevent high-voltage sparking and ensure reliable operation in this environment. The detector array achieves a minimum position resolution of 7.2 ± 0.1 mm and a detection efficiency of over 80 % for thermal neutrons (2 Å - 5.5 Å). The detector array has been operating reliably for nearly two years, supporting the VSANS instrument's user program and enabling a wide range of scientific research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1084 ","pages":"Article 171197"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145681905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-26DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2025.171193
Guanyu Chen , Tao Ma , Yongqiang Zhang , Yan Zhang , Yongyi Huang , Ruirui Fan , Han Yi , Wei Jiang , Yijia Qiu , Kefan Wu , Yu Kai
The Lunar Neutron and Gamma-ray Spectrometer (LNGS) is one of the scientific payloads of the Chang’E-7 mission. This paper describes the process of calibration of LNGS on the Back-streaming white neutron beamline (Back-n) of the China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS). The neutron detection efficiencies in the energy range of 0.4 eV–1000 eV were measured by the time-of-flight method on the beamline produced by 1.6 GeV protons bombarding a tungsten target, and the discrepancy between the experimental and simulated results is less than 6%. The angular response curves of the detector rotating in two directions with respect to the neutron beamline were measured, and the experimental and simulated results are also in very good agreement.
月球中子和伽马射线光谱仪（LNGS）是嫦娥七号任务的科学有效载荷之一。本文介绍了在中国散裂中子源（CSNS）回流白中子束线（Back-n）上标定LNGS的过程。用飞行时间法在1.6 GeV质子轰击钨靶产生的光束线上测量了0.4 eV - 1000 eV能量范围内的中子探测效率，实验结果与模拟结果的差异小于6%。测量了探测器沿两个方向旋转时相对于中子束线的角响应曲线，实验结果与模拟结果吻合得很好。
{"title":"Ground calibration of Chang’E-7 Lunar Neutron and Gamma-ray Spectrometer at CSNS Back-n","authors":"Guanyu Chen , Tao Ma , Yongqiang Zhang , Yan Zhang , Yongyi Huang , Ruirui Fan , Han Yi , Wei Jiang , Yijia Qiu , Kefan Wu , Yu Kai","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171193","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171193","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Lunar Neutron and Gamma-ray Spectrometer (LNGS) is one of the scientific payloads of the Chang’E-7 mission. This paper describes the process of calibration of LNGS on the Back-streaming white neutron beamline (Back-n) of the China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS). The neutron detection efficiencies in the energy range of 0.4 eV–1000 eV were measured by the time-of-flight method on the beamline produced by 1.6 GeV protons bombarding a tungsten target, and the discrepancy between the experimental and simulated results is less than 6%. The angular response curves of the detector rotating in two directions with respect to the neutron beamline were measured, and the experimental and simulated results are also in very good agreement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1084 ","pages":"Article 171193"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145682335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-25DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2025.171191
Ye Zou , Linhao Zhang , Tao Liu , Penghui Yang , Weiwei Li , Tianlong He , Demin Zhou , Kazuhito Ohmi , Sangya Li , Ze Yu , Yihao Mo , Hangzhou Li , Hao Zhou , Jiajun Gao , Jiancong Bao , Zeyuan Meng , Qing Luo , Lei Wang , Youjin Yuan , Jingyu Tang
The Super Tau-Charm Facility (STCF), China’s next-generation electron–positron collider, targets a luminosity of exceeding at a center-of-mass energy of 4 GeV. The implementation of a submillimeter vertical beta function at interaction point (1 mm) and crab-waist collision scheme in this low-energy regime introduces critical challenges through severe nonlinear effects that constrain dynamic aperture and degrade Touschek lifetime. To address these constraints, we propose a novel quasi-two-fold symmetric lattice design integrating several synergistic features: Linear optics optimization minimizing the H-invariant around the ring to maximize local momentum acceptance (LMA); Up to third-order of local chromaticity correction in the interaction region combined with second-order achromatic arc optics, enhancing off-momentum beam dynamics; Configured FODO arc structure with interleaved sextupole groups satisfying -I transformation, suppressing third-order geometric aberrations while optimizing Montague function distributions; Advanced final focus system integrating chromatic sextupoles, crab sextupoles, and strategically positioned octupoles to counteract final quadrupole fringe fields. Furthermore, we develop a multi-objective genetic algorithm using the in-house toolkit PAMKIT to simultaneously optimize 46 sextupole families, maximizing both dynamic aperture and momentum bandwidth. Optics performance is evaluated under error conditions with appropriate corrections, ensuring robust beam dynamics.
{"title":"Optics design of the Super Tau-Charm Facility collider rings","authors":"Ye Zou , Linhao Zhang , Tao Liu , Penghui Yang , Weiwei Li , Tianlong He , Demin Zhou , Kazuhito Ohmi , Sangya Li , Ze Yu , Yihao Mo , Hangzhou Li , Hao Zhou , Jiajun Gao , Jiancong Bao , Zeyuan Meng , Qing Luo , Lei Wang , Youjin Yuan , Jingyu Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171191","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171191","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Super Tau-Charm Facility (STCF), China’s next-generation electron–positron collider, targets a luminosity of exceeding <span><math><mrow><mn>5</mn><mo>×</mo><mn>1</mn><msup><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>34</mn></mrow></msup><mspace></mspace><msup><mrow><mi>cm</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup><mspace></mspace><msup><mrow><mi>s</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> at a center-of-mass energy of 4 GeV. The implementation of a submillimeter vertical beta function at interaction point (<span><math><mo><</mo></math></span>1 mm) and crab-waist collision scheme in this low-energy regime introduces critical challenges through severe nonlinear effects that constrain dynamic aperture and degrade Touschek lifetime. To address these constraints, we propose a novel quasi-two-fold symmetric lattice design integrating several synergistic features: Linear optics optimization minimizing the H-invariant around the ring to maximize local momentum acceptance (LMA); Up to third-order of local chromaticity correction in the interaction region combined with second-order achromatic arc optics, enhancing off-momentum beam dynamics; Configured FODO arc structure with interleaved sextupole groups satisfying -I transformation, suppressing third-order geometric aberrations while optimizing Montague function distributions; Advanced final focus system integrating chromatic sextupoles, crab sextupoles, and strategically positioned octupoles to counteract final quadrupole fringe fields. Furthermore, we develop a multi-objective genetic algorithm using the in-house toolkit PAMKIT to simultaneously optimize 46 sextupole families, maximizing both dynamic aperture and momentum bandwidth. Optics performance is evaluated under error conditions with appropriate corrections, ensuring robust beam dynamics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1084 ","pages":"Article 171191"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145622212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-25DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2025.171192
Ping Wang, Alexej Grudiev, Benoit Riffaud, Emmanuel Berthome, Fritz Motschmann, Igor Syratchev, Karol Scibor, Laurene Giordanino, Nuria Catalan Lasheras, Pedro Morales Scanchez
An RF pulse compression system based on double-height waveguides was studied for the klystron-based Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) main linac. The optimized power gain of the new system is 3.78, with a specific output pulse shape required for the transient beamloading compensation. A method based on the waveform parameters of the input pulse was introduced to achieve such an output pulse shape. This pulse compression system consists of a storage cavity of a Barrel Open Cavity (BOC) type and four correction cavities. The BOC storage cavity has a designed of with the TM mode and a of 6.6. A novel RF coupler was designed to facilitate the machining procedure of the BOC storage cavity. For the correction cavities, a bowl cavity with the TE mode and a spherical cavity with the TE mode were selected for the potential correction chain. Three prototypes were designed, fabricated, and RF measured.
{"title":"Design, fabrication and RF measurements of the storage and correction cavity prototypes of the RF pulse compression system for the klystron-based CLIC main linac","authors":"Ping Wang, Alexej Grudiev, Benoit Riffaud, Emmanuel Berthome, Fritz Motschmann, Igor Syratchev, Karol Scibor, Laurene Giordanino, Nuria Catalan Lasheras, Pedro Morales Scanchez","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171192","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171192","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An RF pulse compression system based on double-height waveguides was studied for the klystron-based Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) main linac. The optimized power gain of the new system is 3.78, with a specific output pulse shape required for the transient beamloading compensation. A method based on the waveform parameters of the input pulse was introduced to achieve such an output pulse shape. This pulse compression system consists of a storage cavity of a Barrel Open Cavity (BOC) type and four correction cavities. The BOC storage cavity has a designed <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>Q</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> of <span><math><mrow><mn>2</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>35</mn><mo>×</mo><mn>1</mn><msup><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>5</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> with the TM<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>32</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> mode and a <span><math><mi>β</mi></math></span> of 6.6. A novel RF coupler was designed to facilitate the machining procedure of the BOC storage cavity. For the correction cavities, a bowl cavity with the TE<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>4</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> mode and a spherical cavity with the TE<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>3</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> mode were selected for the potential correction chain. Three prototypes were designed, fabricated, and RF measured.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1084 ","pages":"Article 171192"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145622210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-25DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2025.171194
Xiyang Wang , Hongyu Zhang , Shiming Zou , Mingkuan Yuan , Zibing Bai , Deqing Fang , Kairui Huang , Ziyu Liu , Yugang Ma , Weiqi Meng , Ting Wang , Xiaolong Wang , Shiqing Xie , Mingjie Yang , Junhao Yin , Wanyi Zhuang
Accurate momentum determination of a neutral hadron, such as a meson or a neutron, remains a significant challenge in particle physics and nuclear physics experiments. The Belle II experiment presents an opportunity to address this challenge through an upgrade incorporating Time-of-Flight (TOF) capability for its large and Muon Detector (KLM). We investigated the feasibility of momentum determination via TOF measurement. To achieve high time resolution for the KLM upgrade, we conducted research and development of cost-effective plastic scintillators and silicon photomultiplier arrays. A bulk attenuation length of has been achieved with a -long bar, along with a time resolution of at its midpoint. A -long scintillator demonstrates an exceptional time resolution of . These results highlight the potential of the proposed technology for improving neutral hadron momentum measurements in an upgraded Belle II KLM detector.
中性强子（如KL介子或中子）动量的精确测定仍然是粒子物理和核物理实验中的一个重大挑战。Belle II实验提供了一个机会，通过升级其大型KL和μ子探测器（KLM）的飞行时间（TOF）能力来解决这一挑战。我们研究了通过TOF测量来确定动量的可行性。为了实现KLM升级的高时间分辨率，我们研究和开发了具有成本效益的塑料闪烁体和硅光电倍增管阵列。在135cm长棒的情况下，整体衰减长度为120±7cm，中点的时间分辨率为70±7ps。一个50厘米长的闪烁体显示了47±2ps的特殊时间分辨率。这些结果突出了所提出的技术在升级后的Belle II KLM探测器中改善中性强子动量测量的潜力。
{"title":"Development of a high resolution Time-of-Flight with SiPM-readout Scintillator in Belle II for measurement of Neutral Hadron momentum","authors":"Xiyang Wang , Hongyu Zhang , Shiming Zou , Mingkuan Yuan , Zibing Bai , Deqing Fang , Kairui Huang , Ziyu Liu , Yugang Ma , Weiqi Meng , Ting Wang , Xiaolong Wang , Shiqing Xie , Mingjie Yang , Junhao Yin , Wanyi Zhuang","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171194","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171194","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate momentum determination of a neutral hadron, such as a <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>K</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>L</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> meson or a neutron, remains a significant challenge in particle physics and nuclear physics experiments. The Belle II experiment presents an opportunity to address this challenge through an upgrade incorporating Time-of-Flight (TOF) capability for its large <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>K</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>L</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> and Muon Detector (KLM). We investigated the feasibility of momentum determination via TOF measurement. To achieve high time resolution for the KLM upgrade, we conducted research and development of cost-effective plastic scintillators and silicon photomultiplier arrays. A bulk attenuation length of <span><math><mrow><mn>120</mn><mo>±</mo><mn>7</mn><mspace></mspace><mstyle><mi>c</mi><mi>m</mi></mstyle></mrow></math></span> has been achieved with a <span><math><mrow><mn>135</mn><mspace></mspace><mstyle><mi>c</mi><mi>m</mi></mstyle></mrow></math></span>-long bar, along with a time resolution of <span><math><mrow><mn>70</mn><mo>±</mo><mn>7</mn><mspace></mspace><mstyle><mi>p</mi><mi>s</mi></mstyle></mrow></math></span> at its midpoint. A <span><math><mrow><mn>50</mn><mspace></mspace><mstyle><mi>c</mi><mi>m</mi></mstyle></mrow></math></span>-long scintillator demonstrates an exceptional time resolution of <span><math><mrow><mn>47</mn><mo>±</mo><mn>2</mn><mspace></mspace><mstyle><mi>p</mi><mi>s</mi></mstyle></mrow></math></span>. These results highlight the potential of the proposed technology for improving neutral hadron momentum measurements in an upgraded Belle II KLM detector.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1084 ","pages":"Article 171194"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145622174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-24DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2025.171188
Mingzhe Yang , Ziyao Wang , Jieru Ren , Wenqing Wei , Benzheng Chen , Bubo Ma , Shizheng Zhang , Lirong Liu , Fangfang Li , Jie Xiong , Hongwei Yue , Zeyu Lai , Wenxuan Li , Dieter H.H. Hoffmann , Olga N. Rosmej , Parysatis Tawana , N.E. Andreev , I.R. Umarov , Zhigang Deng , Wei Qi , Yongtao Zhao
We explored the generation and diagnosis of high-brightness MeV bremsstrahlung radiation caused by intense beam of relativistic electrons propagating in a tantalum converter. The intense electron beam was produced through direct laser acceleration mechanism in the interaction of relativistic high-power sub-ps laser pulse with near critical density plasma. We propose to detect the divergence angle and photon fluence of high-brightness and high-energy radiation source based on the nuclear activation method. The radioactive was generated through photonuclear reactions (, n) and the subsequent decay of was measured to derive characteristics of the radiation source. This method provides an express approach to diagnose the laser-driven MeV radiation source and a potential efficient way to produce isotopes.
{"title":"Express diagnostic of intense laser-driven MeV radiation source using copper isotopes","authors":"Mingzhe Yang , Ziyao Wang , Jieru Ren , Wenqing Wei , Benzheng Chen , Bubo Ma , Shizheng Zhang , Lirong Liu , Fangfang Li , Jie Xiong , Hongwei Yue , Zeyu Lai , Wenxuan Li , Dieter H.H. Hoffmann , Olga N. Rosmej , Parysatis Tawana , N.E. Andreev , I.R. Umarov , Zhigang Deng , Wei Qi , Yongtao Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171188","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171188","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We explored the generation and diagnosis of high-brightness MeV bremsstrahlung radiation caused by intense beam of relativistic electrons propagating in a tantalum converter. The intense electron beam was produced through direct laser acceleration mechanism in the interaction of relativistic high-power sub-ps laser pulse with near critical density plasma. We propose to detect the divergence angle and photon fluence of high-brightness and high-energy <span><math><mi>γ</mi></math></span> radiation source based on the nuclear activation method. The radioactive <span><math><mrow><msubsup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>29</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>62</mn></mrow></msubsup><mtext>Cu</mtext></mrow></math></span> was generated through photonuclear reactions <span><math><mrow><msubsup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>29</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>63</mn></mrow></msubsup><mtext>Cu</mtext></mrow></math></span> (<span><math><mi>γ</mi></math></span>, n) <span><math><mrow><msubsup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>29</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>62</mn></mrow></msubsup><mtext>Cu</mtext></mrow></math></span> and the subsequent <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>β</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup></math></span> decay of <span><math><mrow><msubsup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>29</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>62</mn></mrow></msubsup><mtext>Cu</mtext></mrow></math></span> was measured to derive characteristics of the <span><math><mi>γ</mi></math></span> radiation source. This method provides an express approach to diagnose the laser-driven MeV radiation source and a potential efficient way to produce <span><math><mrow><msubsup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>29</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>62</mn></mrow></msubsup><mtext>Cu</mtext></mrow></math></span> isotopes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1084 ","pages":"Article 171188"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145622207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-24DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2025.171190
Peishuai Liu , Jingsheng Le , Jiawei Deng , Zheng Tang , Qiya Liu , Liqin Liu , Tixian Zeng , Chao Zhang , Xiuying Gao , Hui Sun
Large-area, self-supporting cadmium telluride (CdZnTe, CZT) thick films with a sub-millimeter thickness and a columnar grain structure were successfully fabricated using the vacuum physical vapor transport (PVT) method, achieved through precise control of substrate temperature. The as-grown CZT thick film exhibits a preferential (111) crystallographic orientation, featuring a dense, crack-free pyramidal surface morphology and a well-defined columnar grain structure in cross-section. The as-grown CZT thick film demonstrates robust self-supporting properties after peeling off from the substrate, which facilitates the fabrication of a 3 × 3 pixel array detector. The resistivity of the CZT pixel array detector is up to 8.13 × 109 Ω cm, and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is as high as 59 dB. In addition, the photocurrent distribution test results indicate that the CZT pixel detector has clear image contrast. These results demonstrate that the self-supporting CZT thick film-based pixel array detector exhibits high resistivity and strong photoresponse sensitivity.
{"title":"Preparation and characterization of large-area, self-supporting CdZnTe thick films with sub-millimeter thickness and columnar grain structure via vacuum physical vapor transport method","authors":"Peishuai Liu , Jingsheng Le , Jiawei Deng , Zheng Tang , Qiya Liu , Liqin Liu , Tixian Zeng , Chao Zhang , Xiuying Gao , Hui Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171190","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171190","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Large-area, self-supporting cadmium telluride (CdZnTe, CZT) thick films with a sub-millimeter thickness and a columnar grain structure were successfully fabricated using the vacuum physical vapor transport (PVT) method, achieved through precise control of substrate temperature. The as-grown CZT thick film exhibits a preferential (111) crystallographic orientation, featuring a dense, crack-free pyramidal surface morphology and a well-defined columnar grain structure in cross-section. The as-grown CZT thick film demonstrates robust self-supporting properties after peeling off from the substrate, which facilitates the fabrication of a 3 × 3 pixel array detector. The resistivity of the CZT pixel array detector is up to 8.13 × 10<sup>9</sup> Ω cm, and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is as high as 59 dB. In addition, the photocurrent distribution test results indicate that the CZT pixel detector has clear image contrast. These results demonstrate that the self-supporting CZT thick film-based pixel array detector exhibits high resistivity and strong photoresponse sensitivity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1084 ","pages":"Article 171190"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145622175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-24DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2025.171168
Z. Yu , H. Asch , R. Gerber , A. Redey , K. Starosta , D. Tam , A. Woinoski
In tissue, approximately 0.5% of positron annihilations emit three rays instead of the usual two. Although these events are not currently used for imaging in Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scans, they can provide valuable diagnostic information on tissue properties such as porosity and hypoxia. The present work demonstrates an approach for imaging 3 positron annihilations from decays of 18F. The isotope is produced through a novel method of neutron activation of a polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon) disk. Measurements were performed using the 8 gamma-ray spectrometer, a highly efficient and selective ball array of 72 Bismuth Germanium Oxide (BGO) detectors arranged in an icosahedron geometry with 95% solid-angle coverage. Coupled with a digital data acquisition system, the 8 spectrometer provides waveform digitization and online multiplicity filtering capabilities, enabling efficient and selective measurement of rare 3 positron annihilations. An energy-based reconstruction method was applied to produce three-dimensional 3 PET images with a FWHM point spread of 4.0 cm at the center of the array.
{"title":"Novel application of the 8π gamma-ray spectrometer for 3γ positron emission tomography","authors":"Z. Yu , H. Asch , R. Gerber , A. Redey , K. Starosta , D. Tam , A. Woinoski","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171168","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171168","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In tissue, approximately 0.5% of positron annihilations emit three <span><math><mi>γ</mi></math></span> rays instead of the usual two. Although these events are not currently used for imaging in Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scans, they can provide valuable diagnostic information on tissue properties such as porosity and hypoxia. The present work demonstrates an approach for imaging 3<span><math><mi>γ</mi></math></span> positron annihilations from <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>β</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup></math></span> decays of <sup>18</sup>F. The isotope is produced through a novel method of neutron activation of a polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon) disk. Measurements were performed using the 8<span><math><mi>π</mi></math></span> gamma-ray spectrometer, a highly efficient and selective ball array of 72 Bismuth Germanium Oxide (BGO) detectors arranged in an icosahedron geometry with <span><math><mo>∼</mo></math></span>95% solid-angle coverage. Coupled with a digital data acquisition system, the 8<span><math><mi>π</mi></math></span> spectrometer provides waveform digitization and online multiplicity filtering capabilities, enabling efficient and selective measurement of rare 3<span><math><mi>γ</mi></math></span> positron annihilations. An energy-based reconstruction method was applied to produce three-dimensional 3<span><math><mi>γ</mi></math></span> PET images with a FWHM point spread of 4.0 cm at the center of the array.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1084 ","pages":"Article 171168"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145622215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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