Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-11-30DOI: 10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165958
Haojin Li , Benli Jiang , Faith Hines , Wei-Jing Chen , Anubhav Wadehra , Walter Mendoza , Aviva Harman , Christina Wan , Derek Qin , Peco Myint , Jiaqi Tang , Joy C. Perkinson , Michael J. Aziz , Karl F. Ludwig Jr
The stress evolution of Si (100) wafers under 250 eV Ar+ ion bombardment at an incidence angle of 60° from normal at room temperature, within the regime of self-organized nanopatterning, was investigated using the real-time Multi-beam Optical Stress Sensor (MOSS) method. During bombardment, the stress reaches its maximum compressive value in a short period and progressively transits toward tensile stress. Once irradiation is terminated, the stress relaxes to a more positive (more compressive) value. Varying stress behaviors have been reported by earlier studies. A potential explanation could be co-deposited impurities in this study, here measured by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). To investigate the mechanisms driving stress evolution, wafers dipped in HF were examined, as were wafers undergoing multiple bombardment regimens. Importantly, post-facto Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) showed that ripple patterns were formed with wave vector only in the direction parallel to the projection of the ion beam, as expected, while stress develops isotropically. This suggests that stress development and pattern formation are independent in this case.
采用实时多光束光学应力传感器（MOSS）方法，研究了室温下自组织纳米图下Si（100）晶圆在250 eV Ar+离子轰击下的应力演变。在轰击过程中，应力在短时间内达到最大压缩值，并逐渐向拉应力过渡。一旦辐照终止，应力松弛到一个更正（更压缩）的值。早期的研究报告了不同的压力行为。一种潜在的解释可能是本研究中共沉积的杂质，这里用x射线光电子能谱（XPS）测量。为了研究驱动应力演化的机制，研究了浸HF的晶圆，以及经历多种轰击方案的晶圆。重要的是，事后原子力显微镜（AFM）显示波纹图案仅在与离子束投影平行的方向上与波矢量形成，正如预期的那样，而应力是各向同性发展的。这表明在这种情况下应力发展和模式形成是独立的。
{"title":"The independence of nanopattern formation and stress evolution during low-energy Ar+ bombardment of Si","authors":"Haojin Li , Benli Jiang , Faith Hines , Wei-Jing Chen , Anubhav Wadehra , Walter Mendoza , Aviva Harman , Christina Wan , Derek Qin , Peco Myint , Jiaqi Tang , Joy C. Perkinson , Michael J. Aziz , Karl F. Ludwig Jr","doi":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165958","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165958","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The stress evolution of Si (100) wafers under 250 eV Ar<sup>+</sup> ion bombardment at an incidence angle of 60° from normal at room temperature, within the regime of self-organized nanopatterning, was investigated using the real-time Multi-beam Optical Stress Sensor (MOSS) method. During bombardment, the stress reaches its maximum compressive value in a short period and progressively transits toward tensile stress. Once irradiation is terminated, the stress relaxes to a more positive (more compressive) value. Varying stress behaviors have been reported by earlier studies. A potential explanation could be co-deposited impurities in this study, here measured by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). To investigate the mechanisms driving stress evolution, wafers dipped in HF were examined, as were wafers undergoing multiple bombardment regimens. Importantly, <em>post-facto</em> Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) showed that ripple patterns were formed with wave vector only in the direction parallel to the projection of the ion beam, as expected, while stress develops isotropically. This suggests that stress development and pattern formation are independent in this case.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19380,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms","volume":"571 ","pages":"Article 165958"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145682536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-12-05DOI: 10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165973
Liyuan Deng , Zhao Sun , Junxiang Wu , Zhencen He , Zhuohang He , Zhimin Hu
The efficacy of neutron capture enhancement proton therapy (NCEPT) is based on the capacity to achieve neutron capture therapy through the capture of secondary neutrons in proton therapy. The present study used Monte Carlo simulation to investigate the mechanisms and effectiveness of the treatment modalities employed in the production of proton therapy. The Monte Carlo simulation tool utilized in this research is Geant4. The present study utilized the Spread-Out Bragg Peak (SOBP) generated by the proton beam to simulate neutron fluence and secondary electron yield in the tumor region, both in the presence and absence of 157Gd and 197Au for conventional proton therapy. The results demonstrate that this approach significantly reduces the yield of secondary neutrons while generating more secondary electrons and reactive oxygen species (ROS), which improves the efficacy of proton therapy.
{"title":"Proton therapy in combination with secondary neutron capture therapy: A Monte Carlo simulation study","authors":"Liyuan Deng , Zhao Sun , Junxiang Wu , Zhencen He , Zhuohang He , Zhimin Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165973","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165973","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The efficacy of neutron capture enhancement proton therapy (NCEPT) is based on the capacity to achieve neutron capture therapy through the capture of secondary neutrons in proton therapy. The present study used Monte Carlo simulation to investigate the mechanisms and effectiveness of the treatment modalities employed in the production of proton therapy. The Monte Carlo simulation tool utilized in this research is Geant4. The present study utilized the Spread-Out Bragg Peak (SOBP) generated by the proton beam to simulate neutron fluence and secondary electron yield in the tumor region, both in the presence and absence of <sup>157</sup>Gd and <sup>197</sup>Au for conventional proton therapy. The results demonstrate that this approach significantly reduces the yield of secondary neutrons while generating more secondary electrons and reactive oxygen species (ROS), which improves the efficacy of proton therapy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19380,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms","volume":"571 ","pages":"Article 165973"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145682461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Radiation testing of perspective materials by fast neutron flux is an important task for large physical facilities such as the Large Hadron Collider or the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor. Such a source of fast neutrons is the accelerator based neutron source VITA, proposed, developed and actively used at the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics. The paper describes the accelerator based neutron source VITA, its features related to the generation of a powerful fast neutron flux, the result of a long lasting experiment with fast neutron generation, further plans to increase the energy and current of the deuteron beam, to develop a compact fast neutron generator, and to increase the total fast neutron yield to 2·1013 s−1. The paper presents results of the perspective materials irradiation by fast neutrons flux.
{"title":"Using of vacuum insulated tandem accelerator for perspective materials irradiation by a fast neutron flux","authors":"Yaroslav Kolesnikov , Marina Bikchurina , Timofey Bykov , Dmitrii Kasatov , Nataliia Singatulina , Ivan Shchudlo , Evgeniia Sokolova , Victor Bobrovnikov , Sergey Gromilov , Aleksandr Sukhikh , Darya Klyamer , Andrey Shoshin , Alexander Burdakov , Alexey Ovsienko , Sergey Taskaev","doi":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165968","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165968","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Radiation testing of perspective materials by fast neutron flux is an important task for large physical facilities such as the Large Hadron Collider or the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor. Such a source of fast neutrons is the accelerator based neutron source VITA, proposed, developed and actively used at the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics. The paper describes the accelerator based neutron source VITA, its features related to the generation of a powerful fast neutron flux, the result of a long lasting experiment with fast neutron generation, further plans to increase the energy and current of the deuteron beam, to develop a compact fast neutron generator, and to increase the total fast neutron yield to 2·10<sup>13</sup> <!-->s<sup>−1</sup>. The paper presents results of the perspective materials irradiation by fast neutrons flux.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19380,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms","volume":"571 ","pages":"Article 165968"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145682537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-11-27DOI: 10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165957
Kai-Jun Luo , Wei Qi , Wen Luo , Yun Yuan , Yu-Qiu Gu , Wei-Min Zhou , Zhi-Cai Li , Zhi-Gang Deng , Bao-Long Hu , Ya-Ju Chen
Radioactive waste management remains a key challenge constraining the sustainable development of nuclear energy. Laser-plasma-driven electron source-based transmutation technology for long-lived fission products (LLFPs) offers a potential solution path for nuclear waste treatment. Due to the difficulty in fabricating radioactive targets, experimental investigation of the photo-transmutation of LLFPs faces challenges. In this work, we propose to evaluate the photo-transmutation of four LLFPs (Cs, 129I, and 90Sr) using the laser-plasma-driven electron source. The laser-driven transmutation of stable nuclides 133Cs, 127I, and Sr is realized experimentally at the XingGuang III laser facility and the yields of the transmutation products 132Cs, 126I, and Sr are obtained accordingly. The transmutation yields of the four LLFPs are then evaluated by using an integral cross-section ratio method, which eliminates the utilization of radioactive targets. Furthermore, the prospect of LLFPs transmutation induced by high-repetition-rate laser is evaluated. It is shown that the transmutation rates could reach /s for Cs, 129I, and 90Sr when the repetition rate of laser system operates at a kHz level, and they become saturated when the electron temperature . This study provides an avenue to evaluate transmutation yields of long-lived radionuclides using the laser-plasma-driven electron source.
{"title":"Evaluation of photo-transmutation of radionuclides 137,135Cs, 129I, and 90Sr using a laser-plasma-driven electron source","authors":"Kai-Jun Luo , Wei Qi , Wen Luo , Yun Yuan , Yu-Qiu Gu , Wei-Min Zhou , Zhi-Cai Li , Zhi-Gang Deng , Bao-Long Hu , Ya-Ju Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165957","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165957","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Radioactive waste management remains a key challenge constraining the sustainable development of nuclear energy. Laser-plasma-driven electron source-based transmutation technology for long-lived fission products (LLFPs) offers a potential solution path for nuclear waste treatment. Due to the difficulty in fabricating radioactive targets, experimental investigation of the photo-transmutation of LLFPs faces challenges. In this work, we propose to evaluate the photo-transmutation of four LLFPs (<span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>137</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>135</mn></mrow></msup></math></span>Cs, <sup>129</sup>I, and <sup>90</sup>Sr) using the laser-plasma-driven electron source. The laser-driven transmutation of stable nuclides <sup>133</sup>Cs, <sup>127</sup>I, and <span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>88</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>86</mn></mrow></msup></math></span>Sr is realized experimentally at the XingGuang III laser facility and the yields of the transmutation products <sup>132</sup>Cs, <sup>126</sup>I, and <span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>87</mn><mi>m</mi><mo>,</mo><mn>85</mn><mi>m</mi></mrow></msup></math></span>Sr are obtained accordingly. The transmutation yields of the four LLFPs are then evaluated by using an integral cross-section ratio method, which eliminates the utilization of radioactive targets. Furthermore, the prospect of LLFPs transmutation induced by high-repetition-rate laser is evaluated. It is shown that the transmutation rates could reach <span><math><mrow><mn>1</mn><msup><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>9</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>/s for <span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>137</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>135</mn></mrow></msup></math></span>Cs, <sup>129</sup>I, and <sup>90</sup>Sr when the repetition rate of laser system operates at a kHz level, and they become saturated when the electron temperature <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>T</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>e</mi></mrow></msub><mo>></mo><mn>10</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>MeV</mi></mrow></math></span>. This study provides an avenue to evaluate transmutation yields of long-lived radionuclides using the laser-plasma-driven electron source.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19380,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms","volume":"571 ","pages":"Article 165957"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145600470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-12-11DOI: 10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165971
Chenyu Li , Muhammad Jahangeer , Cheng Shen , Hongjin Mou , Jinlong Guo , Baobei Li , Linyan Fu , Han Mei , Xinyue Li , Jialong Zhang , Ruqun Wu , Wenjing Liu , Can Zhao , Wenchang Zhou , Yanxin Dou , Guanghua Du
The stimulation induced by the change of extracellular or intracellular ionic concentration is a key factor in regulating the opening and closing of biological ion channels. However, the artificial nanochannel with gating control resembling the physiological ionic concentration remains underexplored. In this work, biconical nanochannels were fabricated in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) membranes through heavy-ion track etching and the dynamic regulation of voltage-gated ion transport was demonstrated. Systematic ionic conductance experiments with KCl, NaCl, CaCl2 and MgCl2 revealed asymmetric current–voltage characteristics mediated by the ion enrichment localized at the nanochannel tip. This ion accumulation driven by the applied electrical stimulation leads to an ionic gating behavior in the nanochannel which is dependent on the ion polarity and ion charge state. The enrichment of anion at the nanochannel tip induced a pronounced conductance suppression of up to 96%, the divalent cations significantly altered the gating response and enabled cation-dominated conduction, while the monovalent cation enrichment only induced marginal rectification change. This reversible electrical field regulation on the biomimetic nanochannel elucidates the voltage-dependent gating mechanism of biological ion channels and demonstrates a robust fabrication technique for dynamically tunable nanofluidic devices without chemical modification.
{"title":"Electronically controllable ion gating in biomimetic nanochannels","authors":"Chenyu Li , Muhammad Jahangeer , Cheng Shen , Hongjin Mou , Jinlong Guo , Baobei Li , Linyan Fu , Han Mei , Xinyue Li , Jialong Zhang , Ruqun Wu , Wenjing Liu , Can Zhao , Wenchang Zhou , Yanxin Dou , Guanghua Du","doi":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165971","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165971","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The stimulation induced by the change of extracellular or intracellular ionic concentration is a key factor in regulating the opening and closing of biological ion channels. However, the artificial nanochannel with gating control resembling the physiological ionic concentration remains underexplored. In this work, biconical nanochannels were fabricated in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) membranes through heavy-ion track etching and the dynamic regulation of voltage-gated ion transport was demonstrated. Systematic ionic conductance experiments with KCl, NaCl, CaCl<sub>2</sub> and MgCl<sub>2</sub> revealed asymmetric current–voltage characteristics mediated by the ion enrichment localized at the nanochannel tip. This ion accumulation driven by the applied electrical stimulation leads to an ionic gating behavior in the nanochannel which is dependent on the ion polarity and ion charge state. The enrichment of anion at the nanochannel tip induced a pronounced conductance suppression of up to 96%, the divalent cations significantly altered the gating response and enabled cation-dominated conduction, while the monovalent cation enrichment only induced marginal rectification change. This reversible electrical field regulation on the biomimetic nanochannel elucidates the voltage-dependent gating mechanism of biological ion channels and demonstrates a robust fabrication technique for dynamically tunable nanofluidic devices without chemical modification.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19380,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms","volume":"571 ","pages":"Article 165971"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145733620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The two different sizes of Au nanostructures on fused silica surfaces of are examined to learn size-dependent electronic sputtering using 100 MeV Ag ions at a fluence of 1 × 1013 ions/cm2. The 5 nm Au thin films were deposited by electron beam evaporation and annealed at 850 °C in Ar environment to increase the size of nanostructures. The AFM analysis showed an average size of Au nanostructures of 15 ± 2 nm and of 79 ± 10 nm in pristine and annealed films, respectively. The areal concentration of Au atoms was measured before and after irradiation using RBS. The sputtering yields are 917 ± 11 atoms/ion and 359 ± 15 atoms/ion in pristine and annealed films, respectively. The unexpected huge sputtering yield in Au thin film is explained on the basis of thermal spike model. Here, the reduction in mean free path of electrons and phonons cause an increase the electron–phonon coupling (g) and a decrease the thermal conductivity (k). The variation in the parameters is responsible for unusually large sputtering depending on size of Au nanostructures. Results show that surface coverage and nanostructure size substantially affect electronic sputtering yields, lending credence to thermal spike concept.
{"title":"Electronic sputtering in different sizes of Au nanostructures","authors":"Vinay K. Srivastava , Shivani Chaudhary , Shristi Bist , Akanksha Gupta , Sakshi Singh , Sunil Ojha , Pushp Sen Satyarthi , Udai Bhan Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165970","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165970","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The two different sizes of Au nanostructures on fused silica surfaces of are examined to learn size-dependent electronic sputtering using 100 MeV Ag ions at a fluence of 1 × 10<sup>13</sup> <!-->ions/cm<sup>2</sup>. The 5 nm Au thin films were<!--> <!-->deposited by electron beam evaporation and annealed at 850 °C in Ar environment to increase the size of nanostructures. The AFM analysis showed an average size of Au nanostructures of 15 ± 2<!--> <!-->nm and of 79 ± 10 nm in pristine and annealed films, respectively. The areal concentration of Au atoms was measured before and after irradiation using RBS. The sputtering yields are 917 ± 11 atoms/ion and 359 ± 15 atoms/ion in pristine and annealed films, respectively. The unexpected huge sputtering yield in Au thin film is explained on the basis of thermal spike model. Here, the reduction in mean free path of electrons and phonons cause an increase the electron–phonon coupling (<em>g</em>) and a decrease the thermal conductivity (<em>k</em>). The variation in the parameters is responsible for unusually large sputtering depending on size of Au nanostructures. Results show that surface coverage and nanostructure size substantially affect electronic sputtering yields, lending credence to thermal spike concept.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19380,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms","volume":"571 ","pages":"Article 165970"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145733621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-11-24DOI: 10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165953
N. Djourelov , Y. Pipon , G. Gutierrez , A.B. Serban , M. Bousseksou , D. Gosset , N. Moncoffre
Understanding lithium behavior in boron carbide (B4C) is essential for assessing its performance under neutron irradiation in nuclear environments. In this study, samples implanted with 170-keV Li were annealed and/or irradiated with 10-MeV Au ions. The Li profiles were measured by TOF-SIMS. The defect structure was studied by DBS using a slow positron beam. The disorder level was obtained by Raman spectroscopy. We show that Li diffusion in B4C is mainly controlled by trapping and detrapping processes, with an apparent activation energy of ∼ 0.93 eV for Li detrapping. At high defect level (1016 Li cm−2 or with Au co-irradiation), larger defects or Li clusters are formed, promoting strong Li trapping and reducing the diffusion. However, at 1014 Li cm−2, the trapping is reduced at the damage peak, inducing shorter Li residence times and apparent local enhanced diffusion.
了解锂在碳化硼（B4C）中的行为对于评估其在核环境中中子辐照下的性能至关重要。在本研究中，用170 kev Li注入样品进行退火和/或用10 mev Au离子辐照。用TOF-SIMS测量了锂离子谱。用慢正电子束DBS对缺陷结构进行了研究。用拉曼光谱法测定了其无序度。结果表明，Li在B4C中的扩散主要受俘获和脱陷过程控制，Li脱陷的表观活化能为~ 0.93 eV。在高缺陷水平（1016 Li cm−2或Au共辐照）下，形成较大的缺陷或Li团簇，促进强Li捕获并减少扩散。然而，在1014 Li cm−2时，损伤峰处的俘获减少，导致Li停留时间缩短，局部扩散明显增强。
{"title":"Effect of the defects on Li diffusion in irradiated B4C","authors":"N. Djourelov , Y. Pipon , G. Gutierrez , A.B. Serban , M. Bousseksou , D. Gosset , N. Moncoffre","doi":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165953","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165953","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding lithium behavior in boron carbide (B<sub>4</sub>C) is essential for assessing its performance under neutron irradiation in nuclear environments. In this study, samples implanted with 170-keV Li were annealed and/or irradiated with 10-MeV Au ions. The Li profiles were measured by TOF-SIMS. The defect structure was studied by DBS using a slow positron beam. The disorder level was obtained by Raman spectroscopy. We show that Li diffusion in B<sub>4</sub>C is mainly controlled by trapping and detrapping processes, with an apparent activation energy of ∼ 0.93 eV for Li detrapping. At high defect level (10<sup>16</sup> Li cm<sup>−2</sup> or with Au co-irradiation), larger defects or Li clusters are formed, promoting strong Li trapping and reducing the diffusion. However, at 10<sup>14</sup> Li cm<sup>−2</sup>, the trapping is reduced at the damage peak, inducing shorter Li residence times and apparent local enhanced diffusion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19380,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms","volume":"570 ","pages":"Article 165953"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145620827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-11-07DOI: 10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165924
Fahad Almarshadi , Nimal DeSilva , Smitarani Mohanty , Matthew N Herod
Radiation exposure dose and potential health risks remain a crucial aspect of public health particularly given the use of the linear no-threshold model which postulates any exposure to radiation can result in harm. The concentration of several long-lived radionuclides has increased in the environment through human nuclear activities. Many of these radionuclides are alpha and beta emitters which if ingested in sufficient quantities, may impact human health. This paper demonstrates a reliable and reproducible method for the measurement of 129I in human breastmilk, then assessed it dose to infant thyroid.
The procedure used here was a refinement of a method that already established. the 129I in breastmilk ranged from 1.26x108 atoms/L to 6.64x108 atoms/L with a median of 2.10 x108 atoms/L, and the 129I/127I ratio ranged from 1.27x10-10 to 9.9x10-10 with a median of 2.13x10-10. There results suggest a significant correlation between 127I and 129I concentrations in breastmilk. We noticed the similarity in isotopic ratios between breastmilk and the Canadian cow’s’ milk, indicating that the milk of both cows and humans may be a reflection of the 129I concentration of their local environment and the food ingested.
The results confirm that humans are exposed to the 129I from birth through their mother breastmilk, giving them an average dose of 1.10 x10-4 Bq/year and thyroid dose rate equal to 5.92 x10-10 Sv/year.
{"title":"129I concentration in Canadian breastmilk and its dose to infants’ thyroid","authors":"Fahad Almarshadi , Nimal DeSilva , Smitarani Mohanty , Matthew N Herod","doi":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165924","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165924","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Radiation exposure dose and potential health risks remain a crucial aspect of public health particularly given the use of the linear no-threshold model which postulates any exposure to radiation can result in harm. The concentration of several long-lived radionuclides has increased in the environment through human nuclear activities. Many of these radionuclides are alpha and beta emitters which if ingested in sufficient quantities, may impact human health. This paper demonstrates a reliable and reproducible method for the measurement of <sup>129</sup>I in human breastmilk, then assessed it dose to infant thyroid.</div><div>The procedure used here was a refinement of a method that already established. the <sup>129</sup>I in breastmilk ranged from 1.26x10<sup>8</sup> atoms/L to 6.64x10<sup>8</sup> atoms/L with a median of 2.10 x10<sup>8</sup> atoms/L, and the <sup>129</sup>I/<sup>127</sup>I ratio ranged from 1.27x10<sup>-10</sup> to 9.9x10<sup>-10</sup> with a median of 2.13x10<sup>-10</sup>. There results suggest a significant correlation between <sup>127</sup>I and <sup>129</sup>I concentrations in breastmilk. We noticed the similarity in isotopic ratios between breastmilk and the Canadian cow’s’ milk, indicating that the milk of both cows and humans may be a reflection of the <sup>129</sup>I concentration of their local environment and the food ingested.</div><div>The results confirm that humans are exposed to the 129I from birth through their mother breastmilk, giving them an average dose of 1.10 x10<sup>-4</sup> Bq/year and thyroid dose rate equal to 5.92 x10<sup>-10</sup> Sv/year.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19380,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms","volume":"570 ","pages":"Article 165924"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145475177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-11-13DOI: 10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165942
Gianluca Quarta , Istenc Engin , Theodora Eleftheriou , Lucio Maruccio , Marisa D’Elia , Dalila Peccarrisi , Mattia Fragola , Lucio Calcagnile
The Centre of Applied Physics, Dating, and Diagnostics (CEDAD) at the University of Salento collaborates with the Committee on Missing Persons in Cyprus (CMP) to analyze skeletal remains of individuals who went missing during the 1963–64 inter-communal conflict and the 1974 events. Supported by the United Nations, the CMP aims to locate, identify, and return the remains to families, a process complicated by poor preservation of skeletal remains, complex burial contexts, and limited contextual information. Radiocarbon dating is a key part of the CMP’s analysis procedures, helping establish whether remains fall within the CMP mandate and providing details such as the individual’s year of birth. This paper reviews the application of radiocarbon dating of bone samples, addressing challenges like dietary offsets and carbon turnover models while demonstrating its significance in refining identification processes. Case studies highlight its utility in both relevant and unrelated contexts to the CMP’s mission, emphasizing its broader contributions to historical and forensic investigations.
{"title":"14C dating in forensics: The Committee on Missing Persons in Cyprus (CMP) and the identification of skeletal remains of missing persons","authors":"Gianluca Quarta , Istenc Engin , Theodora Eleftheriou , Lucio Maruccio , Marisa D’Elia , Dalila Peccarrisi , Mattia Fragola , Lucio Calcagnile","doi":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165942","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165942","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Centre of Applied Physics, Dating, and Diagnostics (CEDAD) at the University of Salento collaborates with the Committee on Missing Persons in Cyprus (CMP) to analyze skeletal remains of individuals who went missing during the 1963–64 inter-communal conflict and the 1974 events. Supported by the United Nations, the CMP aims to locate, identify, and return the remains to families, a process complicated by poor preservation of skeletal remains, complex burial contexts, and limited contextual information. Radiocarbon dating is a key part of the CMP’s analysis procedures, helping establish whether remains fall within the CMP mandate and providing details such as the individual’s year of birth. This paper reviews the application of radiocarbon dating of bone samples, addressing challenges like dietary offsets and carbon turnover models while demonstrating its significance in refining identification processes. Case studies highlight its utility in both relevant and unrelated contexts to the CMP’s mission, emphasizing its broader contributions to historical and forensic investigations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19380,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms","volume":"570 ","pages":"Article 165942"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145526852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-11-11DOI: 10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165936
Zhongyang Tan , Jiming Jia , Lijun Chen , Lixia Tian , Wenjie Zheng , Bang Yao , Xianghai Ran
In this study, gamma PVDF films were irradiated with 35, 92 and 173 kGy respectively, and characterized by gel content, thermal and tensile property analysis. The results show that the irradiation can induce high gel content (> 35 %) and enhanced transparency without significantly reducing its thermal stability. The irradiation can significantly increase the dimensional stability of PVDF film beyond the melting point due to the formation of irradiation-induced crosslinking structure. However, the irradiation caused a decrease in Tg and creep resistance at 90 °C for PVDF film, which can be attributed to the formation of PVDF chain with higher mobility resulting from the irradiation. The irradiation can cause a significant decrease in the elongation at break of PVDF film, but the irradiation at 92 kGy increased the tensile strength of PVDF film from 52.9 MPa to 55.1 MPa, and the elastic modulus from 1.28 GPa to 1.36 GPa, respectively.
{"title":"Characterization of highly transparent crosslinked gamma Polyvinylidene fluoride films prepared by the electron beam irradiation","authors":"Zhongyang Tan , Jiming Jia , Lijun Chen , Lixia Tian , Wenjie Zheng , Bang Yao , Xianghai Ran","doi":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165936","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165936","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, gamma PVDF films were irradiated with 35, 92 and 173 kGy respectively, and characterized by gel content, thermal and tensile property analysis. The results show that the irradiation can induce high gel content (> 35 %) and enhanced transparency without significantly reducing its thermal stability. The irradiation can significantly increase the dimensional stability of PVDF film beyond the melting point due to the formation of irradiation-induced crosslinking structure. However, the irradiation caused a decrease in T<sub>g</sub> and creep resistance at 90 °C for PVDF film, which can be attributed to the formation of PVDF chain with higher mobility resulting from the irradiation. The irradiation can cause a significant decrease in the elongation at break of PVDF film, but the irradiation at 92 kGy increased the tensile strength of PVDF film from 52.9 MPa to 55.1 MPa, and the elastic modulus from 1.28 GPa to 1.36 GPa, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19380,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms","volume":"570 ","pages":"Article 165936"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145526884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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