Pub Date : 2026-02-06DOI: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2026.124308
Cheng Zhao , Xiaobin Li , Yonghe Xie , Guoqiang Li , Wei Wang
To analyze the dynamics of otter boards, a coupled three-dimensional hydrodynamic model for trawl systems is formulated. The model solves the hydrodynamic forces on the otter boards via computational fluid dynamics, represents warps using the lumped mass method, and couples the force interactions among the warps, otter boards, and trawl nets. The six degrees of freedom of the otter board are calculated under varying flow velocities and warp lengths. The position and attitude of the otter board are compared in a stable state, whereas the morphology and tension changes of the warp under different operating conditions are analyzed. The numerical calculation results are compared with sea trial results to verify the reliability of the model. The results indicate that the method enhances the accuracy of otter board motion calculations in trawl systems and provides a useful tool for achieving appropriate control of midwater trawl gears under different operating conditions.
{"title":"Dynamic response of trawl otter board based on computational fluid dynamics","authors":"Cheng Zhao , Xiaobin Li , Yonghe Xie , Guoqiang Li , Wei Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.oceaneng.2026.124308","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oceaneng.2026.124308","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To analyze the dynamics of otter boards, a coupled three-dimensional hydrodynamic model for trawl systems is formulated. The model solves the hydrodynamic forces on the otter boards via computational fluid dynamics, represents warps using the lumped mass method, and couples the force interactions among the warps, otter boards, and trawl nets. The six degrees of freedom of the otter board are calculated under varying flow velocities and warp lengths. The position and attitude of the otter board are compared in a stable state, whereas the morphology and tension changes of the warp under different operating conditions are analyzed. The numerical calculation results are compared with sea trial results to verify the reliability of the model. The results indicate that the method enhances the accuracy of otter board motion calculations in trawl systems and provides a useful tool for achieving appropriate control of midwater trawl gears under different operating conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19403,"journal":{"name":"Ocean Engineering","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 124308"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146192634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Driven by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) net-zero framework, the container shipping industry is challenged to construct viable energy transition pathways. To enrich ongoing debates and actions, this study defines 172 possible energy system configurations onboard container ships, combining three main power systems, sixteen fuels, and three auxiliary energy systems. A quantitative model is constructed from a life-cycle perspective, covering Well-to-Wake (WtW) greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, the extended annual carbon intensity indicator expressed in CO2 equivalents (CIICO2eq), total life cycle cost, and the IMO GHG fuel standard (GFS) penalty cost. To account for preference uncertainty and criteria interactions, the 2-additive Choquet integral is incorporated into the stochastic multicriteria acceptability analysis-2 (SMAA-2) framework to generate probabilistic rankings. Scenario variations in fuel prices and GFS-related parameters are introduced to assess the robustness of configurations. The results indicate that e-hydrogen combined with either mono-fuel internal combustion engine (MF ICE) or fuel cell (FC) achieves full decarbonization. MF gray marine gas oil (MGO) with solar or wind assistance offers strong cost performance. MF-based e-hydrogen configurations dominate across ship types, with wind-assisted systems being the preferred auxiliary option. This study provides a robust quantitative foundation for evaluating technological transition pathways in container shipping.
{"title":"Pathways to zero-carbon shipping: Life cycle assessment of energy transition system configurations for container ships","authors":"Zhongxiu Peng , Yuzhe Zhao , Theo Notteboom , Jingmiao Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.oceaneng.2026.124506","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oceaneng.2026.124506","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Driven by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) net-zero framework, the container shipping industry is challenged to construct viable energy transition pathways. To enrich ongoing debates and actions, this study defines 172 possible energy system configurations onboard container ships, combining three main power systems, sixteen fuels, and three auxiliary energy systems. A quantitative model is constructed from a life-cycle perspective, covering Well-to-Wake (WtW) greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, the extended annual carbon intensity indicator expressed in CO<sub>2</sub> equivalents (CII<sub>CO2eq</sub>), total life cycle cost, and the IMO GHG fuel standard (GFS) penalty cost. To account for preference uncertainty and criteria interactions, the 2-additive Choquet integral is incorporated into the stochastic multicriteria acceptability analysis-2 (SMAA-2) framework to generate probabilistic rankings. Scenario variations in fuel prices and GFS-related parameters are introduced to assess the robustness of configurations. The results indicate that e-hydrogen combined with either mono-fuel internal combustion engine (MF ICE) or fuel cell (FC) achieves full decarbonization. MF gray marine gas oil (MGO) with solar or wind assistance offers strong cost performance. MF-based e-hydrogen configurations dominate across ship types, with wind-assisted systems being the preferred auxiliary option. This study provides a robust quantitative foundation for evaluating technological transition pathways in container shipping.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19403,"journal":{"name":"Ocean Engineering","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 124506"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146192158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-06DOI: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2026.124516
Pengji Hu , Xiuquan Liu , Hongkun Gao , Ronggen Zhao , Xiaoyu Hu , Yuanjiang Chang , Guoming Chen , Wentuo Li , Mingyuan Sun
Vortex-induced vibration (VIV) of a riser is inevitably influenced by various uncertainties in environmental and structural parameters, leading to significant deviations between predicted and actual responses. This study proposes a novel VIV model updating method of the riser to enhance dynamic response prediction accuracy. A three-dimensional VIV analysis model is established based on the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory, with hydrodynamic loads calculated using a Van der Pol wake oscillator. The key parameters are identified by Morris global sensitivity analysis, and a model updating procedure is then developed using these parameters and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. The proposed method is validated through VIV experiments, and the model adaptive updating characteristics under both single and multiple flow conditions are further investigated. The results demonstrate that the VIV models updated separately for each single condition achieve significantly improved prediction accuracy in RMS displacement and vibration frequency compared to the corresponding initial models. In contrast, the integrated model that updates simultaneously using multiple conditions exhibits comparatively lower predictive performance relative to models dedicated to specific single conditions for accommodating the conflicting uncertain characteristics across all conditions. Nevertheless, the multi-condition model still reduces the prediction error by more than 45% compared to the initial model.
{"title":"VIV model updating method of the flexible riser based on particle swarm optimization","authors":"Pengji Hu , Xiuquan Liu , Hongkun Gao , Ronggen Zhao , Xiaoyu Hu , Yuanjiang Chang , Guoming Chen , Wentuo Li , Mingyuan Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.oceaneng.2026.124516","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oceaneng.2026.124516","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vortex-induced vibration (VIV) of a riser is inevitably influenced by various uncertainties in environmental and structural parameters, leading to significant deviations between predicted and actual responses. This study proposes a novel VIV model updating method of the riser to enhance dynamic response prediction accuracy. A three-dimensional VIV analysis model is established based on the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory, with hydrodynamic loads calculated using a Van der Pol wake oscillator. The key parameters are identified by Morris global sensitivity analysis, and a model updating procedure is then developed using these parameters and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. The proposed method is validated through VIV experiments, and the model adaptive updating characteristics under both single and multiple flow conditions are further investigated. The results demonstrate that the VIV models updated separately for each single condition achieve significantly improved prediction accuracy in RMS displacement and vibration frequency compared to the corresponding initial models. In contrast, the integrated model that updates simultaneously using multiple conditions exhibits comparatively lower predictive performance relative to models dedicated to specific single conditions for accommodating the conflicting uncertain characteristics across all conditions. Nevertheless, the multi-condition model still reduces the prediction error by more than 45% compared to the initial model.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19403,"journal":{"name":"Ocean Engineering","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 124516"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146192627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-06DOI: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2026.124523
Zhifan Zhang , Bo Jiang , Hechuan Zhang , Wei Wang , Shengren Wei , Jiuyang Cang , Guiyong Zhang
Energy conservation and drag reduction for ships represent a crucial research direction in the green development of the shipping industry and the field of marine engineering. While bio-inspired drag reduction is well-studied for monohulls, its application to catamarans remains complex due to inherent demihull interference. The concept of drag reduction for multi-catamaran formation navigation is proposed, and the effects of different vessel numbers, formation configurations, and relative spacing on formation resistance are systematically investigated. By analyzing the hull surface pressure distribution, free surface wave characteristics, and the law of wave transmission between catamarans, the physical mechanisms of wake superposition and wave interference in catamaran formations are revealed. The study finds that the suction effect generated in the wave trough region formed by the wake of the leading catamaran, and the constructive interference between the traveling waves of the following catamaran and the wake, constitute the key mechanisms for drag reduction. In the tandem formation, when the following catamaran is positioned at the dynamic equilibrium spacing within the suction zone of the wave trough in the leading catamaran's wake, the maximum drag reduction rate of the formation can reach 36.88%. When the longitudinal spacing is 1 L, all three layouts can achieve favorable drag reduction benefits.
{"title":"Hydrodynamic drag reduction and wave energy transfer of duck-swarm-inspired multi-catamaran formations","authors":"Zhifan Zhang , Bo Jiang , Hechuan Zhang , Wei Wang , Shengren Wei , Jiuyang Cang , Guiyong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.oceaneng.2026.124523","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oceaneng.2026.124523","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Energy conservation and drag reduction for ships represent a crucial research direction in the green development of the shipping industry and the field of marine engineering. While bio-inspired drag reduction is well-studied for monohulls, its application to catamarans remains complex due to inherent demihull interference. The concept of drag reduction for multi-catamaran formation navigation is proposed, and the effects of different vessel numbers, formation configurations, and relative spacing on formation resistance are systematically investigated. By analyzing the hull surface pressure distribution, free surface wave characteristics, and the law of wave transmission between catamarans, the physical mechanisms of wake superposition and wave interference in catamaran formations are revealed. The study finds that the suction effect generated in the wave trough region formed by the wake of the leading catamaran, and the constructive interference between the traveling waves of the following catamaran and the wake, constitute the key mechanisms for drag reduction. In the tandem formation, when the following catamaran is positioned at the dynamic equilibrium spacing within the suction zone of the wave trough in the leading catamaran's wake, the maximum drag reduction rate of the formation can reach 36.88%. When the longitudinal spacing is 1 <em>L</em>, all three layouts can achieve favorable drag reduction benefits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19403,"journal":{"name":"Ocean Engineering","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 124523"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146192631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-06DOI: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2026.124501
Yaqing Shu , Yuan Cai , Kang Liu , Mingzheng Liu , Lan Song , Zaili Yang
Ship energy consumption optimization is a critical pathway toward sustainable maritime transportation, yet dynamic marine conditions pose significant challenges for effective route planning. In this study, a novel hybrid optimization framework integrating path planning and speed optimization is proposed to minimize energy consumption under time-varying environmental conditions. Firstly, the path planning model is developed based on improved A∗ algorithm incorporating dynamic weights and environmental updates, considering marine conditions of winds, currents, and waves. Secondly, the speed optimization model is developed using an enhanced genetic algorithm featuring reverse selection mechanisms. Finally, a case study of 11 practical ship paths from Shanghai to Tokyo is conducted to validate the method. The result shows that this method achieves a 13.38% average reduction in energy consumption caused by resistance. The proposed framework achieves enhanced convergence performance while maintaining practical feasibility for real-time implementation. This research provides shipping companies with actionable fuel-efficient navigation strategies and contributes methodological foundations for achieving IMO's 2050 carbon emission reduction targets in maritime sector.
{"title":"Hybrid optimization of ship route and speed for energy efficiency under dynamic marine conditions","authors":"Yaqing Shu , Yuan Cai , Kang Liu , Mingzheng Liu , Lan Song , Zaili Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.oceaneng.2026.124501","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oceaneng.2026.124501","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ship energy consumption optimization is a critical pathway toward sustainable maritime transportation, yet dynamic marine conditions pose significant challenges for effective route planning. In this study, a novel hybrid optimization framework integrating path planning and speed optimization is proposed to minimize energy consumption under time-varying environmental conditions. Firstly, the path planning model is developed based on improved A∗ algorithm incorporating dynamic weights and environmental updates, considering marine conditions of winds, currents, and waves. Secondly, the speed optimization model is developed using an enhanced genetic algorithm featuring reverse selection mechanisms. Finally, a case study of 11 practical ship paths from Shanghai to Tokyo is conducted to validate the method. The result shows that this method achieves a 13.38% average reduction in energy consumption caused by resistance. The proposed framework achieves enhanced convergence performance while maintaining practical feasibility for real-time implementation. This research provides shipping companies with actionable fuel-efficient navigation strategies and contributes methodological foundations for achieving IMO's 2050 carbon emission reduction targets in maritime sector.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19403,"journal":{"name":"Ocean Engineering","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 124501"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146192157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-06DOI: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2026.124570
Ruibin Ban, Tianyi He, Yang Chen, Ling Xiang, Aijun Hu
The supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) data collected from wind turbines, encompassing multiple operational parameters, is widely utilized for assessing operational status and detecting anomalies due to its cost-effectiveness and accessibility. However, the interrelationships among SCADA variables are often overlooked, which can compromise the accuracy of wind turbine anomaly monitoring. To address this limitation, a multi-feature fusion Gaussian graph network (MFGGN) for wind turbine anomaly monitoring is proposed in this paper, with the objective of precisely capturing the complex spatial and temporal dependencies among SCADA data variables. In the proposed network, the Gaussian radial basis function is introduced to quantify the correlation between variables for constructing the graph adjacency matrix. The MFGGN utilizes a graph attention network to adaptively aggregate the spatiotemporal features extracted by the multi-feature fusion module, thus capturing complex relationships among variables in SCADA data. The cumulative sum (CUSUM) method is developed to enhance the monitoring of deviations between predicted and actual values through continuous tracking of systematic shifts, thereby enabling effective assessment of wind turbine health status. The proposed model is applied to datasets from two wind farms for case analysis. Comparative experiments demonstrate that the proposed approach achieves superior performance in wind turbine early anomaly monitoring compared to other models. Although this study focuses on specific datasets, the data-driven architecture of MFGGN suggests potential applicability to diverse turbine models and environmental conditions, paving the way for future cross-dataset validation to broaden these insights. The proposed monitoring model provides a more powerful basis for decision makers of wind farms, which is beneficial to the safe and efficient developments of offshore wind energy.
{"title":"A novel multi-feature fusion Gaussian graph network for early anomaly detection of wind turbine","authors":"Ruibin Ban, Tianyi He, Yang Chen, Ling Xiang, Aijun Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.oceaneng.2026.124570","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oceaneng.2026.124570","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) data collected from wind turbines, encompassing multiple operational parameters, is widely utilized for assessing operational status and detecting anomalies due to its cost-effectiveness and accessibility. However, the interrelationships among SCADA variables are often overlooked, which can compromise the accuracy of wind turbine anomaly monitoring. To address this limitation, a multi-feature fusion Gaussian graph network (MFGGN) for wind turbine anomaly monitoring is proposed in this paper, with the objective of precisely capturing the complex spatial and temporal dependencies among SCADA data variables. In the proposed network, the Gaussian radial basis function is introduced to quantify the correlation between variables for constructing the graph adjacency matrix. The MFGGN utilizes a graph attention network to adaptively aggregate the spatiotemporal features extracted by the multi-feature fusion module, thus capturing complex relationships among variables in SCADA data. The cumulative sum (CUSUM) method is developed to enhance the monitoring of deviations between predicted and actual values through continuous tracking of systematic shifts, thereby enabling effective assessment of wind turbine health status. The proposed model is applied to datasets from two wind farms for case analysis. Comparative experiments demonstrate that the proposed approach achieves superior performance in wind turbine early anomaly monitoring compared to other models. Although this study focuses on specific datasets, the data-driven architecture of MFGGN suggests potential applicability to diverse turbine models and environmental conditions, paving the way for future cross-dataset validation to broaden these insights. The proposed monitoring model provides a more powerful basis for decision makers of wind farms, which is beneficial to the safe and efficient developments of offshore wind energy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19403,"journal":{"name":"Ocean Engineering","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 124570"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146192163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-06DOI: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2026.124540
Mo Chen , Ziyan Li , Nan Zhang , Wentao Zheng , Xuan Zhang
To gain a clearer understanding of the flow evolution characteristics around typical ships with high-block coefficients, a combined investigation involving wind tunnel experiments and large eddy simulation (LES) was conducted on the Japan bulk carrier (JBC) model. Initially, stereo particle image velocimetry (SPIV) and hot-wire anemometry (HWA) measurements were performed on the stern flow field of the JBC under straight-ahead conditions. These two experimental methodologies, through cross-verification, not only provided benchmark validation for the LES results but also facilitated preliminary investigation into the flow characteristics around the JBC. Subsequently, employing a high-resolution computational grid comprising 112 million volumetric cells, LES studies were carried out to investigate the evolutionary patterns of the vortex-dominated flow around the JBC hull under both straight-ahead and 8° oblique-flow conditions. A comprehensive investigation of surface flow patterns and vortical evolution characteristics, complemented by a comparative analysis of the flow field characteristics between straight-ahead and oblique-flow conditions. Results demonstrated that a pronounced enhancement of vorticity and TKE (turbulent kinetic energy), and all normal Reynolds stress components is observed at both cores of ABV (aft-body bilge vortex) and FSV (fore-body side vortex), and the lateral component of normal Reynolds stress near the oblique-flow ABV core significantly exceeds that of the straight-ahead case. For the straight-ahead condition, the axial and vertical Reynolds stresses are comparable within the ABV core region, but slightly exceed the lateral component. Under the 8° oblique-flow condition, however, the lateral and vertical Reynolds stress components exceed the axial component. The findings offer critical support for optimizing drag reduction and stability enhancement in full-form ships with high-block coefficients.
{"title":"Experimental and numerical investigations of the flow characteristics around the Japan bulk carrier","authors":"Mo Chen , Ziyan Li , Nan Zhang , Wentao Zheng , Xuan Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.oceaneng.2026.124540","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oceaneng.2026.124540","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To gain a clearer understanding of the flow evolution characteristics around typical ships with high-block coefficients, a combined investigation involving wind tunnel experiments and large eddy simulation (LES) was conducted on the Japan bulk carrier (JBC) model. Initially, stereo particle image velocimetry (SPIV) and hot-wire anemometry (HWA) measurements were performed on the stern flow field of the JBC under straight-ahead conditions. These two experimental methodologies, through cross-verification, not only provided benchmark validation for the LES results but also facilitated preliminary investigation into the flow characteristics around the JBC. Subsequently, employing a high-resolution computational grid comprising 112 million volumetric cells, LES studies were carried out to investigate the evolutionary patterns of the vortex-dominated flow around the JBC hull under both straight-ahead and 8° oblique-flow conditions. A comprehensive investigation of surface flow patterns and vortical evolution characteristics, complemented by a comparative analysis of the flow field characteristics between straight-ahead and oblique-flow conditions. Results demonstrated that a pronounced enhancement of vorticity and TKE (turbulent kinetic energy), and all normal Reynolds stress components is observed at both cores of ABV (aft-body bilge vortex) and FSV (fore-body side vortex), and the lateral component of normal Reynolds stress near the oblique-flow ABV core significantly exceeds that of the straight-ahead case. For the straight-ahead condition, the axial and vertical Reynolds stresses are comparable within the ABV core region, but slightly exceed the lateral component. Under the 8° oblique-flow condition, however, the lateral and vertical Reynolds stress components exceed the axial component. The findings offer critical support for optimizing drag reduction and stability enhancement in full-form ships with high-block coefficients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19403,"journal":{"name":"Ocean Engineering","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 124540"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146192635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-06DOI: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2026.124448
Ievgen Medvediev , Dmitriy Muzylyov , Jakub Montewka
The World Association for Waterborne Transport Infrastructure (PIANC) has recently established guidelines for designing the dimensions of inland waterways through the Safety and Ease of Navigation (S&E) methodology. This approach determines safe waterway widths based on 11 factors estimated in a deterministic manner. The resulting S&E score is then applied to define the safe width of waterways. However, semantic analysis shows that nearly 40 % of these parameters are inherently vague and cannot be unambiguously estimated using deterministic formulas, which limits the reliability of PIANC's methodology. To address this limitation, this study introduces a fuzzy logic model developed in accordance with the Human-Centered Design Approach (HCDA). The model focuses on seven key burden with uncertainty factors – such as crew cohesion, local waterway knowledge, and ship–traffic interactions – capturing the human and environmental dimensions of navigation safety. A Mamdani fuzzy inference system with triangular and trapezoidal membership functions were applied, with parameter values refined through expert elicitation sessions involving experienced inland vessel skippers across Europe. Two French inland navigation case studies (Lower Seine River and the Freycinet network) were used to validate the proposed approach. A case study on the Lower Seine River demonstrates that, unlike the binary PIANC framework, the proposed fuzzy model provides more conservative and nuanced results (0.525 compared to 0.305 in the current state assessment) while still aligning with design requirements. For the Freycinet network, the supportive checking demonstrates a comparable or stronger agreement, with an Accuracy of 77.3 % and Specificity of 81.8 % (compared to 68.2 % and 57.1 % for the Lower Seine), indicating an opportunity for cross-validation due to other case studies. The study demonstrates how the fuzzy model's total score can be directly translated into the required fairway width by interpreting the S&E categories (A, B, C), thereby linking safety evaluation with practical design recommendations. The main contribution of this work lies in systematically integrating HCDA principles into inland waterway planning, ensuring that human factors are explicitly represented. The findings confirm that fuzzy logic significantly enhances the PIANC methodology, supporting safer, more resilient, and human-centered waterway design. Future research will expand the approach to additional case studies across different European rivers, and investigate adaptive calibration of membership functions to account for varying traffic densities and environmental conditions.
{"title":"Human-centered method estimating safe width of inland waterways","authors":"Ievgen Medvediev , Dmitriy Muzylyov , Jakub Montewka","doi":"10.1016/j.oceaneng.2026.124448","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oceaneng.2026.124448","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The World Association for Waterborne Transport Infrastructure (PIANC) has recently established guidelines for designing the dimensions of inland waterways through the Safety and Ease of Navigation (S&E) methodology. This approach determines safe waterway widths based on 11 factors estimated in a deterministic manner. The resulting S&E score is then applied to define the safe width of waterways. However, semantic analysis shows that nearly 40 % of these parameters are inherently vague and cannot be unambiguously estimated using deterministic formulas, which limits the reliability of PIANC's methodology. To address this limitation, this study introduces a fuzzy logic model developed in accordance with the Human-Centered Design Approach (HCDA). The model focuses on seven key burden with uncertainty factors – such as crew cohesion, local waterway knowledge, and ship–traffic interactions – capturing the human and environmental dimensions of navigation safety. A Mamdani fuzzy inference system with triangular and trapezoidal membership functions were applied, with parameter values refined through expert elicitation sessions involving experienced inland vessel skippers across Europe. Two French inland navigation case studies (Lower Seine River and the Freycinet network) were used to validate the proposed approach. A case study on the Lower Seine River demonstrates that, unlike the binary PIANC framework, the proposed fuzzy model provides more conservative and nuanced results (0.525 compared to 0.305 in the current state assessment) while still aligning with design requirements. For the Freycinet network, the supportive checking demonstrates a comparable or stronger agreement, with an Accuracy of 77.3 % and Specificity of 81.8 % (compared to 68.2 % and 57.1 % for the Lower Seine), indicating an opportunity for cross-validation due to other case studies. The study demonstrates how the fuzzy model's total score can be directly translated into the required fairway width by interpreting the S&E categories (A, B, C), thereby linking safety evaluation with practical design recommendations. The main contribution of this work lies in systematically integrating HCDA principles into inland waterway planning, ensuring that human factors are explicitly represented. The findings confirm that fuzzy logic significantly enhances the PIANC methodology, supporting safer, more resilient, and human-centered waterway design. Future research will expand the approach to additional case studies across different European rivers, and investigate adaptive calibration of membership functions to account for varying traffic densities and environmental conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19403,"journal":{"name":"Ocean Engineering","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 124448"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146192322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-06DOI: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2026.124490
Yu Wu , Yuanshu Jiao , Shaolong Duan , Song Dai , Qingsong Zhang
This study systematically investigates the rheological and scour resistance characteristics of sludge based solidified slurry for offshore wind turbine foundation protection. Employing systematic rotational viscometry and a novel flume testing approach, this research established relationships between slurry composition, rheological properties and critical scour resistance velocity (Vs). The findings reveal that HPMC content exerts the most significant influence on early-stage scour resistance performance. Optimal enhancement performance was observed at 0.3 % HPMC, beyond which further improvements in yield stress did not translate into proportional gains in Vs. Sodium silicate effectively accelerated early hydration and enhanced short-term resistance, though its contribution diminished at longer curing times. Although a low water-to-solid ratio markedly improved yield stress, it only marginally increased Vs. To capture these interactions, a dimensionless Scour Resistance Coefficient (SRC) was proposed, revealing nonlinear correlations between rheology and scour resistance. The findings provide a practical formulation framework for balancing workability and durability, thereby advancing the sustainable application of solidified slurry in offshore wind monopile scour protection.
{"title":"Rheological properties and scour resistance of solidified slurry for offshore wind monopile protection","authors":"Yu Wu , Yuanshu Jiao , Shaolong Duan , Song Dai , Qingsong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.oceaneng.2026.124490","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oceaneng.2026.124490","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study systematically investigates the rheological and scour resistance characteristics of sludge based solidified slurry for offshore wind turbine foundation protection. Employing systematic rotational viscometry and a novel flume testing approach, this research established relationships between slurry composition, rheological properties and critical scour resistance velocity (V<sub>s</sub>). The findings reveal that HPMC content exerts the most significant influence on early-stage scour resistance performance. Optimal enhancement performance was observed at 0.3 % HPMC, beyond which further improvements in yield stress did not translate into proportional gains in V<sub>s</sub>. Sodium silicate effectively accelerated early hydration and enhanced short-term resistance, though its contribution diminished at longer curing times. Although a low water-to-solid ratio markedly improved yield stress, it only marginally increased V<sub>s</sub>. To capture these interactions, a dimensionless Scour Resistance Coefficient (SRC) was proposed, revealing nonlinear correlations between rheology and scour resistance. The findings provide a practical formulation framework for balancing workability and durability, thereby advancing the sustainable application of solidified slurry in offshore wind monopile scour protection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19403,"journal":{"name":"Ocean Engineering","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 124490"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146192628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-06DOI: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2026.124413
Lincy Jancy, K.G. Vijay, Poguluri Sunny Kumar, G. Muraleedharan, K. Murali
The significant wave height data for 20 coastal sites in India, extracted from the ERA5 database, undergo regional frequency analysis across pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post-monsoon seasons. This analysis utilises two datasets spanning 20-year intervals (1941–1960 and 2001–2020) to evaluate climate change effects on ocean wave climate. The L-kurtosis vs L-skewness and L-CV vs. L-skewness plots are scattered within and across the data sets for each month, albeit the centroids remain stationary. Sites with similar wave height statistics, as indicated by their L-moment ratios, form homogeneous regions identified through heterogeneity criteria. The algorithm grouped adjacent sites into different homogenous regions, suggesting that geospatial adjacency is not a primary driver for the formation of homogenous areas. Regional frequency distributions are selected by -test statistic criteria at a 90 % significance level, with parameters estimated by L-moments. Generalised Pareto distribution is the regional frequency distribution in 73 % of the sub-regions. Outlier analysis is conducted for May, October, and December due to unusually high L-moment ratios. Monthly L-moment ratios and estimated wave height statistics show substantial differences across the two distinct datasets for the monsoon season. However, considerable disparities exist between datasets in sub-region dimensions and extreme significant wave heights of specified return periods.
{"title":"Regional frequency analysis of extreme ocean waves along the Indian coastline in a changing climate","authors":"Lincy Jancy, K.G. Vijay, Poguluri Sunny Kumar, G. Muraleedharan, K. Murali","doi":"10.1016/j.oceaneng.2026.124413","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oceaneng.2026.124413","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The significant wave height data for 20 coastal sites in India, extracted from the <em>ERA</em>5 database, undergo <em>regional frequency analysis</em> across pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post-monsoon seasons. This analysis utilises two datasets spanning 20-year intervals (1941–1960 and 2001–2020) to evaluate climate change effects on ocean wave climate. The <em>L-kurtosis</em> vs <em>L-skewness</em> and <em>L-CV</em> vs. <em>L-skewness</em> plots are scattered within and across the data sets for each month, albeit the centroids remain stationary. Sites with similar wave height statistics, as indicated by their <em>L-moment ratios</em>, form homogeneous regions identified through heterogeneity criteria. The algorithm grouped adjacent sites into different homogenous regions, suggesting that geospatial adjacency is not a primary driver for the formation of homogenous areas. Regional frequency distributions are selected by <span><math><mrow><mi>Z</mi></mrow></math></span>-test statistic criteria at a 90 % significance level, with parameters estimated by <em>L-moments</em>. Generalised <em>Pareto</em> distribution is the regional frequency distribution in 73 % of the sub-regions. <em>Outlier analysis</em> is conducted for May, October, and December due to unusually high <em>L-moment</em> ratios. Monthly <em>L-moment</em> ratios and estimated wave height statistics show substantial differences across the two distinct datasets for the monsoon season. However, considerable disparities exist between datasets in sub-region dimensions and extreme significant wave heights of specified return periods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19403,"journal":{"name":"Ocean Engineering","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 124413"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146192633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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