Pub Date : 2024-10-24DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2024.112616
Valentina De Cosmi , Sonia Cipriani , Marie-Louise Syren , Stefano Turolo , Fabio Parazzini , Marco Reschini , Martina Abodi , Walter Vegetti , Francesca Chiaffarino , Camilla Bertoni , Edgardo Somigliana , Carlo Agostoni
Objectives
The present study investigated the relationship between fatty acid levels in whole blood in women undergoing in vitro fertilization and four successive assisted reproductive technology (ART) outcomes.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was performed on data from a prospective cohort study conducted between 2014 and 2016.
Results
Participants were 238 women undergoing in vitro fertilization and participating in a study on the role of lifestyle habits and diet in ART outcomes. Blood polyunsaturated fatty acids were measured by gas chromatography. Overall, higher blood levels of monounsaturated fatty acids and oleic acid and higher ω-6/ω-3 ratio and arachidonic/docosahexaenoic acid ratio were associated with more favorable ART outcomes. By contrast, higher concentrations of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids tended to be negatively associated with the considered outcomes.
Conclusions
Further prospective studies are needed to determine the ranges of fatty acid concentrations that are optimal for women with subfertility.
{"title":"Peripheral fatty acids and outcome of assisted reproduction","authors":"Valentina De Cosmi , Sonia Cipriani , Marie-Louise Syren , Stefano Turolo , Fabio Parazzini , Marco Reschini , Martina Abodi , Walter Vegetti , Francesca Chiaffarino , Camilla Bertoni , Edgardo Somigliana , Carlo Agostoni","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112616","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112616","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The present study investigated the relationship between fatty acid levels in whole blood in women undergoing in vitro fertilization and four successive assisted reproductive technology (ART) outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional study was performed on data from a prospective cohort study conducted between 2014 and 2016.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Participants were 238 women undergoing in vitro fertilization and participating in a study on the role of lifestyle habits and diet in ART outcomes. Blood polyunsaturated fatty acids were measured by gas chromatography. Overall, higher blood levels of monounsaturated fatty acids and oleic acid and higher ω-6/ω-3 ratio and arachidonic/docosahexaenoic acid ratio were associated with more favorable ART outcomes. By contrast, higher concentrations of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids tended to be negatively associated with the considered outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Further prospective studies are needed to determine the ranges of fatty acid concentrations that are optimal for women with subfertility.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"130 ","pages":"Article 112616"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142705284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-23DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2024.112611
Maria Cristina Gonzalez M.D., Ph.D. , Thiago J.M. Gonçalves M.D., Ph.D. , Valéria A. Rosenfeld M.D. , Silvana P. Orlandi R.D., Ph.D. , Pedro E. Portari-Filho M.D., Ph.D. , Antonio Carlos L. Campos M.D., Ph.D.
Objectives
The study (PreopWeek) aimed to assess the perioperative nutritional care for major surgical patients in Brazilian hospitals, focusing on adherence to emerging multimodal protocols like Enhanced Recovery After Surgery and Acceleration of Total Postoperative Recovery.
Methods
An observational cross-sectional study was conducted in Brazilian hospitals enrolled voluntarily from June 19 to June 23, 2023 (convenience sample). Data were collected through patient interviews and medical records review.
Results
Data from 219 patients up to the fifth postoperative day or postoperative discharge across 24 hospitals were analyzed. Only three hospitals (12.5%) had established institutional perioperative protocols. Most of the patients were female (60.3%) and over 60 y old (81.7%) and underwent gastrointestinal (34.7%) or orthopedic (33.3%) surgeries. General and nutritional preoperative counseling was provided to a respective 82.2% and 62.6% of the patients. Only 25.7% of the patients had preoperative fasting for up to 3 h, and 28.8% received carbohydrate-rich supplements. Immunonutrition was not received by 43.8% at any point. Although most started postoperative refeeding within 24 h (81.7%), 39.4% started with a liquid diet and 70.6% reported postoperative immobilization in the first 24 h. Notable differences were observed between hospitals with and without protocols. Hospitals with institutional protocols reported significantly more preoperative exercises and nutritional counseling and higher adherence rates for all the perioperative protocols.
Conclusions
Our study demonstrates a lack of adherence to the multimodal protocols, even in hospitals with institutional protocols. Future educational programs are necessary to improve this result.
{"title":"Assessment of the adherence to perioperative nutritional care protocols in Brazilian hospitals: The PreopWeek study","authors":"Maria Cristina Gonzalez M.D., Ph.D. , Thiago J.M. Gonçalves M.D., Ph.D. , Valéria A. Rosenfeld M.D. , Silvana P. Orlandi R.D., Ph.D. , Pedro E. Portari-Filho M.D., Ph.D. , Antonio Carlos L. Campos M.D., Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112611","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112611","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The study (PreopWeek) aimed to assess the perioperative nutritional care for major surgical patients in Brazilian hospitals, focusing on adherence to emerging multimodal protocols like Enhanced Recovery After Surgery and Acceleration of Total Postoperative Recovery.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>An observational cross-sectional study was conducted in Brazilian hospitals enrolled voluntarily from June 19 to June 23, 2023 (convenience sample). Data were collected through patient interviews and medical records review.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Data from 219 patients up to the fifth postoperative day or postoperative discharge across 24 hospitals were analyzed. Only three hospitals (12.5%) had established institutional perioperative protocols. Most of the patients were female (60.3%) and over 60 y old (81.7%) and underwent gastrointestinal (34.7%) or orthopedic (33.3%) surgeries. General and nutritional preoperative counseling was provided to a respective 82.2% and 62.6% of the patients. Only 25.7% of the patients had preoperative fasting for up to 3 h, and 28.8% received carbohydrate-rich supplements. Immunonutrition was not received by 43.8% at any point. Although most started postoperative refeeding within 24 h (81.7%), 39.4% started with a liquid diet and 70.6% reported postoperative immobilization in the first 24 h. Notable differences were observed between hospitals with and without protocols. Hospitals with institutional protocols reported significantly more preoperative exercises and nutritional counseling and higher adherence rates for all the perioperative protocols.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our study demonstrates a lack of adherence to the multimodal protocols, even in hospitals with institutional protocols. Future educational programs are necessary to improve this result.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"130 ","pages":"Article 112611"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142644617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Current Parkinson's disease (PD) medications treat symptoms; none can slow down or arrest the disease progression. Disease-modifying therapies for PD remain an urgent unmet clinical need. This review was designed to summarize recent findings regarding to the efficacy of phytochemicals in the treatment of PD and their underlying mechanisms.
Methods
A literature search was performed using PubMed databases from inception until January 2024.
Results
We first review the role of oxidative stress in PD and phytochemical-based antioxidant therapy. We then summarize recent work on neuroinflammation in the pathogenesis of PD, as well as preclinical data supporting anti-inflammatory efficacy in treating or preventing the disease. We last evaluate evidence for brain mitochondrial dysfunction in PD, together with the phytochemicals that protect mitochondrial function in preclinical model of PD. Furthermore, we discussed possible reasons for failures of preclinical-to-clinical translation for neuroprotective therapeutics.
Conclusions
There is now extensive evidence from preclinical studies that neuroprotective phytochemicals as promising candidate drugs for PD are needed to translate from the laboratory to the clinic.
{"title":"Plant-derived compounds as potential neuroprotective agents in Parkinson's disease","authors":"Chengu Niu M.D. , Yu Zou M.Sc. , Miaoxian Dong M.B.B.S. , Yingcai Niu Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112610","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112610","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Current Parkinson's disease (PD) medications treat symptoms; none can slow down or arrest the disease progression. Disease-modifying therapies for PD remain an urgent unmet clinical need. This review was designed to summarize recent findings regarding to the efficacy of phytochemicals in the treatment of PD and their underlying mechanisms.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A literature search was performed using PubMed databases from inception until January 2024.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We first review the role of oxidative stress in PD and phytochemical-based antioxidant therapy. We then summarize recent work on neuroinflammation in the pathogenesis of PD, as well as preclinical data supporting anti-inflammatory efficacy in treating or preventing the disease. We last evaluate evidence for brain mitochondrial dysfunction in PD, together with the phytochemicals that protect mitochondrial function in preclinical model of PD. Furthermore, we discussed possible reasons for failures of preclinical-to-clinical translation for neuroprotective therapeutics.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>There is now extensive evidence from preclinical studies that neuroprotective phytochemicals as promising candidate drugs for PD are needed to translate from the laboratory to the clinic.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"130 ","pages":"Article 112610"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142639455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The association between dysphagia and activities of daily living in patients with stroke has been reported, but the effect of improved dysphagia on the increase in trunk muscle mass is not clear. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between improved dysphagia and increased trunk muscle mass in older patients with stroke.
Research Methods & Procedures
This retrospective, case-control study enrolled patients with stroke aged ≥65 years. Dysphagia was evaluated using the Kuchi-Kara Taberu (KT) Index. Patients were classified into two groups according to KT Index at discharge: improved dysphagia group (≥57 scores) and non-improved dysphagia group (<57 scores). The primary outcome of the study was Trunk Muscle Mass Index (TMI) gain from admission to discharge. Multiple regression analysis was performed to investigate the association between trunk muscle mass gain and improved dysphagia.
Results
There were 153 participants with a mean age of 79.8 ± 7.7 years, and 89 (58%) were classified in the improved dysphagia group. The TMI gain was greater in the improved dysphagia group compared to that in the nonimproved group. Multiple regression analysis showed that improved dysphagia (β: 0.776, 95% confidence interval: 0.643 to 0.909, P < 0.001) was independently associated with TMI gain.
Conclusion
Improved dysphagia was independently associated with trunk muscle mass gain, suggesting that improved dysphagia is important for trunk muscle mass gain in patients with stroke.
{"title":"Association between improved dysphagia and increased trunk muscle mass in older patients with stroke undergoing convalescent rehabilitation","authors":"Ryo Shiraishi R.P.T., Ph.D. , Setsuko Kato R.N. , Nami Shiraishi R.D. , Takahiro Ogawa M.D., Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112609","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112609","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The association between dysphagia and activities of daily living in patients with stroke has been reported, but the effect of improved dysphagia on the increase in trunk muscle mass is not clear. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between improved dysphagia and increased trunk muscle mass in older patients with stroke.</div></div><div><h3>Research Methods & Procedures</h3><div>This retrospective, case-control study enrolled patients with stroke aged ≥65 years. Dysphagia was evaluated using the Kuchi-Kara Taberu (KT) Index. Patients were classified into two groups according to KT Index at discharge: improved dysphagia group (≥57 scores) and non-improved dysphagia group (<57 scores). The primary outcome of the study was Trunk Muscle Mass Index (TMI) gain from admission to discharge. Multiple regression analysis was performed to investigate the association between trunk muscle mass gain and improved dysphagia.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>There were 153 participants with a mean age of 79.8 ± 7.7 years, and 89 (58%) were classified in the improved dysphagia group. The TMI gain was greater in the improved dysphagia group compared to that in the nonimproved group. Multiple regression analysis showed that improved dysphagia (β: 0.776, 95% confidence interval: 0.643 to 0.909, <em>P</em> < 0.001) was independently associated with TMI gain.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Improved dysphagia was independently associated with trunk muscle mass gain, suggesting that improved dysphagia is important for trunk muscle mass gain in patients with stroke.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"130 ","pages":"Article 112609"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142643991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-19DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2024.112605
María del Rocío Jiménez-Mérida R.N., M.Sc., Ph.D. , José Manuel Alcaide-Leyva R.N., M.Sc., Ph.D. , Miguel Lopez-Lucena R.N. , Silvia Portero de la Cruz R.N., M.Sc., Ph.D. , Rafael Molina-Luque R.N., M.Sc., Ph.D. , Pablo Martínez-Angulo R.N., M.Sc., Ph.D.
Background and Aims
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive condition affecting metabolic pathways and physiological mechanisms. In Spain, CKD prevalence has risen, increasing patients requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT). Managing nutritional status in advanced CKD (ACKD) patients is crucial as it influences disease progression and quality of life. This study aims to describe the nutritional status of predialysis patients at University Hospital Reina Sofia, Cordoba, Spain, and develop a quick and easy model for estimating body fat percentage without bioimpedance.
Methods and Results
This cross-sectional study, conducted from February to May 2023, involved 106 patients from the ACKD consultation at the University Hospital Reina Sofia. Inclusion criteria were stage 3 or 4 CKD patients who consented to participate. Data included demographic and anthropometric variables, with body composition assessed using a Tanita BC-545N bioimpedance analyzer.
The sample included 32 females (30.5%) and 73 males (69.5%), with an average BMI of 30.31 (SD 5.48). Significant findings were higher body fat percentage in women (37.82%) than men (27.86%; P < 0.001) and notable differences in waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio between sexes. Multiple linear regression showed waist circumference, height, and sex as significant predictors of body fat percentage, with an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.71 (95% CI = 0.59–0.79).
Conclusion
Accurately assessing body composition in CKD patients is crucial as traditional measures like BMI may not capture health risks effectively. The developed model offers a practical alternative to bioimpedance for estimating body fat percentage, potentially improving CKD management and patient outcomes. Further validation in diverse populations and integration with lifestyle interventions is needed.
{"title":"Preventing Progression of Renal Disease: A New Method for Monitoring Body Fat Percentage in Predialysis Chronic Kidney Disease Patients","authors":"María del Rocío Jiménez-Mérida R.N., M.Sc., Ph.D. , José Manuel Alcaide-Leyva R.N., M.Sc., Ph.D. , Miguel Lopez-Lucena R.N. , Silvia Portero de la Cruz R.N., M.Sc., Ph.D. , Rafael Molina-Luque R.N., M.Sc., Ph.D. , Pablo Martínez-Angulo R.N., M.Sc., Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112605","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112605","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and Aims</h3><div>Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive condition affecting metabolic pathways and physiological mechanisms. In Spain, CKD prevalence has risen, increasing patients requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT). Managing nutritional status in advanced CKD (ACKD) patients is crucial as it influences disease progression and quality of life. This study aims to describe the nutritional status of predialysis patients at University Hospital Reina Sofia, Cordoba, Spain, and develop a quick and easy model for estimating body fat percentage without bioimpedance.</div></div><div><h3>Methods and Results</h3><div>This cross-sectional study, conducted from February to May 2023, involved 106 patients from the ACKD consultation at the University Hospital Reina Sofia. Inclusion criteria were stage 3 or 4 CKD patients who consented to participate. Data included demographic and anthropometric variables, with body composition assessed using a Tanita BC-545N bioimpedance analyzer.</div><div>The sample included 32 females (30.5%) and 73 males (69.5%), with an average BMI of 30.31 (SD 5.48). Significant findings were higher body fat percentage in women (37.82%) than men (27.86%; <em>P</em> < 0.001) and notable differences in waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio between sexes. Multiple linear regression showed waist circumference, height, and sex as significant predictors of body fat percentage, with an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.71 (95% CI = 0.59–0.79).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Accurately assessing body composition in CKD patients is crucial as traditional measures like BMI may not capture health risks effectively. The developed model offers a practical alternative to bioimpedance for estimating body fat percentage, potentially improving CKD management and patient outcomes. Further validation in diverse populations and integration with lifestyle interventions is needed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"130 ","pages":"Article 112605"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142643952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-18DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2024.112598
Xiaomin Feng , Haijie Hu , Feiliang Zhong , Ying Hou , Xiujuan Li , Qi Qin , Yang Yang , Xuegang Luo
A strong association exists between the high-fat diet (HFD) and the incidence of obesity, hyperlipidemia and cardiovascular disease, affecting an increasing number of individuals. More and more research has shown that probiotics and gut microbiota play important roles in dietary absorption, metabolism, and general health of the host. This aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effects and the underlying mechanisms of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum TCCC11824 (CGMCC 8198) on hyperlipidemia and obesity in mice and humans. First, there was a dose-dependent improvement in HFD-induced hyperlipidemia and obesity in mice that had been treated with L. plantarum TCCC11824 for 5 wk, thus restoring the balance of the gut microbiota. Furthermore, it showed that cell lysate of L. plantarum TCCC11824 could directly exhibit protective effects on the hepatocyte steatosis induced by oleic acid, and regulate the expression of HMGCR by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway. Importantly, L.plantarum TCCC11824 ameliorated the expression of indicators of hyperlipidemia and inhibited the synthesis of SCFAs (short-chain fatty acids), as shown by blood and fecal tests in hyperlipidemic patients. In summary, L. plantarum TCCC11824 exerts anti-hyperlipidemic and anti-obesity effects through the regulation of HMGCR via NF-κB and modulating gut microbiota, indicating its potential as a dietary supplement for the treatment of hyperlipidemia and obesity.
高脂肪饮食（HFD）与肥胖、高脂血症和心血管疾病的发病率之间存在着密切的联系，影响到越来越多的个体。越来越多的研究表明，益生菌和肠道菌群在宿主的饮食吸收、代谢和整体健康中起着重要作用。本研究旨在探讨植物乳杆菌TCCC11824 （CGMCC 8198）对小鼠和人类高脂血症和肥胖症的治疗作用及其机制。首先，在用植物乳杆菌TCCC11824治疗5周的小鼠中，hfd诱导的高脂血症和肥胖症出现了剂量依赖性改善，从而恢复了肠道微生物群的平衡。进一步说明植物乳杆菌TCCC11824细胞裂解液可直接对油酸诱导的肝细胞脂肪变性发挥保护作用，并通过抑制NF-κB通路调节HMGCR的表达。重要的是，植物l.c artarum TCCC11824改善了高脂血症患者血液和粪便检测中高脂血症指标的表达，抑制短链脂肪酸（SCFAs）的合成。综上所述，L. plantarum TCCC11824通过NF-κB调控HMGCR及调节肠道菌群发挥抗高脂血症和抗肥胖作用，具有作为治疗高脂血症和肥胖症的膳食补充剂的潜力。
{"title":"Lactiplantibacillus plantarum TCCC11824 exerts hypolipidemic and anti-obesity effects through regulation of NF-κB-HMGCR pathway and gut microbiota in mice and clinical patients","authors":"Xiaomin Feng , Haijie Hu , Feiliang Zhong , Ying Hou , Xiujuan Li , Qi Qin , Yang Yang , Xuegang Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112598","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112598","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A strong association exists between the high-fat diet (HFD) and the incidence of obesity, hyperlipidemia and cardiovascular disease, affecting an increasing number of individuals. More and more research has shown that probiotics and gut microbiota play important roles in dietary absorption, metabolism, and general health of the host. This aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effects and the underlying mechanisms of <em>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</em> TCCC11824 (CGMCC 8198) on hyperlipidemia and obesity in mice and humans. First, there was a dose-dependent improvement in HFD-induced hyperlipidemia and obesity in mice that had been treated with <em>L. plantarum</em> TCCC11824 for 5 wk, thus restoring the balance of the gut microbiota. Furthermore, it showed that cell lysate of <em>L. plantarum</em> TCCC11824 could directly exhibit protective effects on the hepatocyte steatosis induced by oleic acid, and regulate the expression of HMGCR by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway. Importantly, <em>L.plantarum</em> TCCC11824 ameliorated the expression of indicators of hyperlipidemia and inhibited the synthesis of SCFAs (short-chain fatty acids), as shown by blood and fecal tests in hyperlipidemic patients. In summary, <em>L. plantarum</em> TCCC11824 exerts anti-hyperlipidemic and anti-obesity effects through the regulation of HMGCR via NF-κB and modulating gut microbiota, indicating its potential as a dietary supplement for the treatment of hyperlipidemia and obesity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"130 ","pages":"Article 112598"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142748270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-18DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2024.112606
Angelo Fynn DLitt et Phil (Psychology)
Objective
Food insecurity is a widely studied phenomenon; however, studies documenting food insecurity among Open Distance and e-Learning students are sadly lacking. This paper aim of this paper is to study the prevalence of food insecurity among Open Distance and e-Learning students in South Africa. The purpose is to test the common assumption that Open Distance and e-Learning students do not struggle with food insecurity as they are typically living at home or employed.
Method
The method used in this paper was an online anonymous version of the Food Insecurity Experience Scale and was administered through Qualtrics.
Results
Only 27.9% (n = 2084) of respondents were food secure and mildly food insecure (score of 1 to 4), while those who were moderately food insecure constituted 16.7% (n = 1250) of the sample (score of 5 to 6) and those with severe food insecurity constituted 55% (n = 4130). The dependent variable was not normally distributed and therefore nonparametric measures were used to test for differences in groups, namely, the Kruskal–Wallis and the Mann–Whitney U tests.
Conclusion
The results show that African students are more likely to experience food insecurity compared to their counterparts, while there were no substantive differences in gender. Members of the LGBTQI community were also shown to be at higher risk of food insecurity. Those whose primary income was either grants or income from an informal business were at higher risk of food insecurity than those who worked full time. The findings of this study underscore the pervasive nature of food insecurity among students in South African Open, Distance and e-Learning education
{"title":"Food insecurity among students in Open Distance and e-Learning in South Africa","authors":"Angelo Fynn DLitt et Phil (Psychology)","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112606","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112606","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Food insecurity is a widely studied phenomenon; however, studies documenting food insecurity among Open Distance and e-Learning students are sadly lacking. This paper aim of this paper is to study the prevalence of food insecurity among Open Distance and e-Learning students in South Africa. The purpose is to test the common assumption that Open Distance and e-Learning students do not struggle with food insecurity as they are typically living at home or employed.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>The method used in this paper was an online anonymous version of the Food Insecurity Experience Scale and was administered through Qualtrics.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Only 27.9% (n = 2084) of respondents were food secure and mildly food insecure (score of 1 to 4), while those who were moderately food insecure constituted 16.7% (n = 1250) of the sample (score of 5 to 6) and those with severe food insecurity constituted 55% (n = 4130). The dependent variable was not normally distributed and therefore nonparametric measures were used to test for differences in groups, namely, the Kruskal–Wallis and the Mann–Whitney U tests.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The results show that African students are more likely to experience food insecurity compared to their counterparts, while there were no substantive differences in gender. Members of the LGBTQI community were also shown to be at higher risk of food insecurity. Those whose primary income was either grants or income from an informal business were at higher risk of food insecurity than those who worked full time. The findings of this study underscore the pervasive nature of food insecurity among students in South African Open, Distance and e-Learning education</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"130 ","pages":"Article 112606"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142648363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-18DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2024.112603
Begoña de Cuevillas Ph.D. , Jose I. Riezu-Boj Ph.D. , Fermín I. Milagro Ph.D. , Sergio Galera Alquegui Ms.C. , Nancy Babio Ph.D. , Belén Pastor-Villaescusa Ph.D. , Mercedes Gil-Campos M.D., Ph.D. , Rosaura Leis M.D., Ph.D. , Pilar De Miguel-Etayo Ph.D. , Luis A. Moreno M.D., Ph.D. , Jordi Salas-Salvadó M.D., Ph.D. , J. Alfredo Martínez M.D., Ph.D. , Santiago Navas-Carretero Ph.D.
Objectives
Childhood obesity continues to rise worldwide. Family gut microorganisms may be associated with childhood obesity. The aim of the study was to analyze bacterial similarities in fecal microbiota composition between parent–offspring pairs as linked to body weight.
Methods
A total of 146 father/mother and offspring pairs were categorized into four groups according to the weight status of the parent–child pair as follows: group 1, parent and child with normal weight; group 2, parent and child with overweight/obesity; group 3, parent with normal weight and child with overweight/obesity; group 4, parent with overweight/obesity and child with normal weight. Anthropometric measurements and lifestyle assessments were performed in all participants. Microbiota characteristics were determined by 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. Logistic regression models were performed to determine whether the abundance of any bacteria was able to predict childhood obesity. Moreover, receiver operating characteristic curves were fitted to define the relative diagnostic strength of bacterial taxa for the correct identification of childhood obesity.
Results
The absence/abundance of Catenibacterium mitsuokai, Prevotella stercorea, Desulfovibrio piger, Massiliprevotella massiliensis, and Phascolarctobacterium succinatutens was involved in body weight family associations. A positive relationship between P. succinatutens richness from parents and M. massiliensis from children was observed with regard to body weight status (odds ratio, 1.14, P = 0.013).
Conclusions
This study describes five potential gut bacteria that may be putatively involved in family weight status relationships and appear to be useful for predicting obesity.
{"title":"Parent–child microbiota relationships involved in childhood obesity: A CORALS ancillary study","authors":"Begoña de Cuevillas Ph.D. , Jose I. Riezu-Boj Ph.D. , Fermín I. Milagro Ph.D. , Sergio Galera Alquegui Ms.C. , Nancy Babio Ph.D. , Belén Pastor-Villaescusa Ph.D. , Mercedes Gil-Campos M.D., Ph.D. , Rosaura Leis M.D., Ph.D. , Pilar De Miguel-Etayo Ph.D. , Luis A. Moreno M.D., Ph.D. , Jordi Salas-Salvadó M.D., Ph.D. , J. Alfredo Martínez M.D., Ph.D. , Santiago Navas-Carretero Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112603","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112603","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Childhood obesity continues to rise worldwide. Family gut microorganisms may be associated with childhood obesity. The aim of the study was to analyze bacterial similarities in fecal microbiota composition between parent–offspring pairs as linked to body weight.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 146 father/mother and offspring pairs were categorized into four groups according to the weight status of the parent–child pair as follows: group 1, parent and child with normal weight; group 2, parent and child with overweight/obesity; group 3, parent with normal weight and child with overweight/obesity; group 4, parent with overweight/obesity and child with normal weight. Anthropometric measurements and lifestyle assessments were performed in all participants. Microbiota characteristics were determined by 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. Logistic regression models were performed to determine whether the abundance of any bacteria was able to predict childhood obesity. Moreover, receiver operating characteristic curves were fitted to define the relative diagnostic strength of bacterial taxa for the correct identification of childhood obesity.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The absence/abundance of <em>Catenibacterium mitsuokai, Prevotella stercorea, Desulfovibrio piger, Massiliprevotella massiliensis</em>, and <em>Phascolarctobacterium succinatutens</em> was involved in body weight family associations. A positive relationship between <em>P. succinatutens</em> richness from parents and <em>M. massiliensis</em> from children was observed with regard to body weight status (odds ratio, 1.14, <em>P</em> = 0.013).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study describes five potential gut bacteria that may be putatively involved in family weight status relationships and appear to be useful for predicting obesity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"130 ","pages":"Article 112603"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142648367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigated biomarkers in individuals with newly developed metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease (ND-MASLD) and examined the interplay between genetic predisposition and environmental factors using a machine learning approach in a large longitudinal study.
Methods
Participants were classified into four groups based on metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) status between the first and second measurements with an approximate 5-y gap. A model was developed to identify early-stage biomarkers of ND-MASLD (n = 1603). Nutrient intake, dietary patterns, genetic variants, and psychosocial factors were compared among the no MASLD (n = 60 081), recovered MASLD (n = 3181), persistent MASLD (n = 670), and ND-MASLD (n = 1603) groups. Their association with ND-MASLD was also predicted using a machine learning approach.
Results
The model incorporating ND-MASLD status, age, sex, dietary inflammatory index, and metabolic syndrome (MetS), especially low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and hypertriglyceridemia, at the second measurement demonstrated an optimal fit. High carbohydrate intake with a high glycemic index was associated with elevated ND-MADSLD risk. Fatty liver index was lower in persistent MASLD followed by ND-MASLD, recovered MASLD, and no MASLD. Participants in the ND-MASLD group had lower vitamin D and total isoflavonoid intake and a lower modified healthy eating index, indicating unhealthy diets. The XGBoost and deep neural network models identified age, sex, MetS components, dietary antioxidants, self-rated health, psychological well-being indexes, and serum liver enzyme levels at the second measurement as significant predictors of ND-MASLD. However, polygenic risk scores were not included.
Conclusions
Early-stage biomarkers of ND-MASLD were closely linked to MetS incidence. Dietary quality, perceived health status, and psychological stress emerged as potential targets for MASLD prevention strategies, with lifestyle modifications potentially overriding genetic predispositions. The results indicate that preventive strategies about lifestyle modification should be developed for MASLD.
{"title":"Dietary quality, perceived health, and psychological status as key risk factors for newly developed metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease in a longitudinal study","authors":"Xuangao Wu Ph.D. , Ting Zhang Ph.D. , Sunmin Park Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112604","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112604","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study investigated biomarkers in individuals with newly developed metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease (ND-MASLD) and examined the interplay between genetic predisposition and environmental factors using a machine learning approach in a large longitudinal study.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Participants were classified into four groups based on metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) status between the first and second measurements with an approximate 5-y gap. A model was developed to identify early-stage biomarkers of ND-MASLD (<em>n</em> = 1603). Nutrient intake, dietary patterns, genetic variants, and psychosocial factors were compared among the no MASLD (<em>n</em> = 60 081), recovered MASLD (<em>n</em> = 3181), persistent MASLD (<em>n</em> = 670), and ND-MASLD (<em>n</em> = 1603) groups. Their association with ND-MASLD was also predicted using a machine learning approach.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The model incorporating ND-MASLD status, age, sex, dietary inflammatory index, and metabolic syndrome (MetS), especially low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and hypertriglyceridemia, at the second measurement demonstrated an optimal fit. High carbohydrate intake with a high glycemic index was associated with elevated ND-MADSLD risk. Fatty liver index was lower in persistent MASLD followed by ND-MASLD, recovered MASLD, and no MASLD. Participants in the ND-MASLD group had lower vitamin D and total isoflavonoid intake and a lower modified healthy eating index, indicating unhealthy diets. The XGBoost and deep neural network models identified age, sex, MetS components, dietary antioxidants, self-rated health, psychological well-being indexes, and serum liver enzyme levels at the second measurement as significant predictors of ND-MASLD. However, polygenic risk scores were not included.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Early-stage biomarkers of ND-MASLD were closely linked to MetS incidence. Dietary quality, perceived health status, and psychological stress emerged as potential targets for MASLD prevention strategies, with lifestyle modifications potentially overriding genetic predispositions. The results indicate that preventive strategies about lifestyle modification should be developed for MASLD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"130 ","pages":"Article 112604"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142643945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-10DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2024.112596
Emmanuel O. Mensah MSc , Emmanuel K. Danyo MSc , Richard V. Asase MSc
In recent times, there has been growing interest in understanding the factors contributing to prolonged and healthy lifespans observed in specific populations, tribes, or countries. Factors such as environmental and dietary play significant roles in shaping the ageing process and are often the focus of inquiries seeking to unravel the secrets behind longevity. Among these factors, diet emerges as a primary determinant, capable of either promoting or mitigating the onset of age-related diseases that impact the ageing trajectory. This review examines the impact of various diet types on ageing and age-related conditions, including cardiovascular disease, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and metabolic syndrome. Different dietary patterns, such as the Mediterranean diet, the Japanese diet, vegetarian and vegan diets, as well as low-carbohydrate and ketogenic diets, are evaluated for their potential effects on longevity and health span. Each diet type is characterized by distinct nutritional profiles, emphasizing specific food groups, macronutrient compositions, and bioactive components, which may exert diverse effects on ageing processes and disease risk. Additionally, dietary factors such as calorie restriction, intermittent fasting, and dietary supplementation are explored for their potential anti-ageing and disease-modifying effects. Understanding the influence of various diet types on ageing and age-related diseases can inform personalized dietary recommendations and lifestyle interventions aimed at promoting healthy aging and mitigating age-associated morbidities.
{"title":"Exploring the effect of different diet types on ageing and age-related diseases","authors":"Emmanuel O. Mensah MSc , Emmanuel K. Danyo MSc , Richard V. Asase MSc","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112596","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112596","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent times, there has been growing interest in understanding the factors contributing to prolonged and healthy lifespans observed in specific populations, tribes, or countries. Factors such as environmental and dietary play significant roles in shaping the ageing process and are often the focus of inquiries seeking to unravel the secrets behind longevity. Among these factors, diet emerges as a primary determinant, capable of either promoting or mitigating the onset of age-related diseases that impact the ageing trajectory. This review examines the impact of various diet types on ageing and age-related conditions, including cardiovascular disease, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and metabolic syndrome. Different dietary patterns, such as the Mediterranean diet, the Japanese diet, vegetarian and vegan diets, as well as low-carbohydrate and ketogenic diets, are evaluated for their potential effects on longevity and health span. Each diet type is characterized by distinct nutritional profiles, emphasizing specific food groups, macronutrient compositions, and bioactive components, which may exert diverse effects on ageing processes and disease risk. Additionally, dietary factors such as calorie restriction, intermittent fasting, and dietary supplementation are explored for their potential anti-ageing and disease-modifying effects. Understanding the influence of various diet types on ageing and age-related diseases can inform personalized dietary recommendations and lifestyle interventions aimed at promoting healthy aging and mitigating age-associated morbidities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"129 ","pages":"Article 112596"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142569244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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