Few studies have investigated the correlation between plant-based diet indices (PDIs) and the risk of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) in the Korean population. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association between PDIs and the risk of MASLD in Korean adults.
Methods
This cohort study utilized data from the Health Examinees Study conducted in the South Korean population. Dietary and nutrient intake were assessed at baseline and follow-up using a food frequency questionnaire and the Korean Food Consumption Table. Food items were categorized into overall PDI, healthy PDI (hPDI), and unhealthy PDI (uPDI), with MASLD defined using the fatty liver index. Baseline characteristics and food intake groups were evaluated based on PDI quintiles and stratified by sex. Further analyses involved stratification by age, body mass index, alcohol intake, and physical activity in men and women.
Results
Over a median follow-up period of 4.2 y, MASLD occurred in 1532 participants. Both men and women in the highest hPDI quintile had a reduced risk of MASLD (men: HR: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.55–0.91, p = 0.0031; women: HR: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.48–0.78, p < 0.0001). Conversely, the highest uPDI quintile was associated with a higher risk of MASLD.
Conclusions
This cohort study revealed an association of the overall PDI and hPDI with a lower risk of MASLD, highlighting the importance of adhering to these types of plant-based diets to prevent MASLD among Korean adults.
{"title":"Association between plant-based diets and risk of metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease in Korean adults: A prospective cohort study","authors":"Bayarmaa Nasan Ulzii M.Sc. , Kyungjoon Lim Ph.D. , Sangah Shin Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112579","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112579","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Few studies have investigated the correlation between plant-based diet indices (PDIs) and the risk of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) in the Korean population. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association between PDIs and the risk of MASLD in Korean adults.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This cohort study utilized data from the Health Examinees Study conducted in the South Korean population. Dietary and nutrient intake were assessed at baseline and follow-up using a food frequency questionnaire and the Korean Food Consumption Table. Food items were categorized into overall PDI, healthy PDI (hPDI), and unhealthy PDI (uPDI), with MASLD defined using the fatty liver index. Baseline characteristics and food intake groups were evaluated based on PDI quintiles and stratified by sex. Further analyses involved stratification by age, body mass index, alcohol intake, and physical activity in men and women.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Over a median follow-up period of 4.2 y, MASLD occurred in 1532 participants. Both men and women in the highest hPDI quintile had a reduced risk of MASLD (men: HR: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.55–0.91, <em>p</em> = 0.0031; women: HR: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.48–0.78, <em>p</em> < 0.0001). Conversely, the highest uPDI quintile was associated with a higher risk of MASLD.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This cohort study revealed an association of the overall PDI and hPDI with a lower risk of MASLD, highlighting the importance of adhering to these types of plant-based diets to prevent MASLD among Korean adults.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"128 ","pages":"Article 112579"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142365982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-29DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2024.112565
Ah-Ra Jang Ph.D. , Do-Hyeon Jung B.S. , Tae-Sung Lee B.S. , Jeon-Kyung Kim Ph.D. , Yu-Bin Lee B.S. , Jae-Young Lee Ph.D. , So-Yeon Kim Ph.D. , Yung-Choon Yoo Ph.D. , Jae-Hee Ahn Ph.D. , Eun-Hye Hong Ph.D. , Chae-Won Kim B.S. , Su Min Kim B.S. , Hye Hyun Yoo Ph.D. , Joo Young Huh Ph.D. , Hyun-Jeong Ko Ph.D. , Jong-Hwan Park Ph.D.
Objectives
This study investigated the therapeutic potential of Lactobacillus plantarum NCHBL-004 (NCHBL-004) in the treatment of obesity and associated metabolic disorders.
Methods
Mice were fed either a normal diet (ND) or a high-fat diet (HFD) with oral administration of NCHBL-004. After euthanasia, blood, liver and adipose tissue were collected. Furthermore, the microbiome and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were analyzed from feces.
Results
Oral administration of live NCHBL-004 to mice fed a HFD resulted in notable reductions in weight gain, improvements in glucose metabolism, and maintenance of balanced lipid levels. A comparative analysis with other Lactobacillus strains highlighted the superior efficacy of NCHBL-004. Moreover, heat-killed NCHBL-004 demonstrated beneficial effects similar to those of live NCHBL-004. Additionally, administration of live NCHBL-004 induced glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) production and increased the levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), including acetate and propionate, in feces, positively influencing liver lipid metabolism and mitigating inflammation. Consistent with this, analysis of the gut microbiome following NCHBL-004 administration showed increases in SCFA-producing microbes with increased proportions of Lactobacillus spp. and a significant increase in the proportion of microbes capable of promoting GLP-1 secretion.
Conclusions
These findings underscore the potential of both live and inactivated NCHBL-004 as potential therapeutic approaches to managing obesity and metabolic disorders, suggesting avenues for further investigation and clinical applications.
{"title":"Lactobacillus plantarum NCHBL-004 modulates high-fat diet–induced weight gain and enhances GLP-1 production for blood glucose regulation","authors":"Ah-Ra Jang Ph.D. , Do-Hyeon Jung B.S. , Tae-Sung Lee B.S. , Jeon-Kyung Kim Ph.D. , Yu-Bin Lee B.S. , Jae-Young Lee Ph.D. , So-Yeon Kim Ph.D. , Yung-Choon Yoo Ph.D. , Jae-Hee Ahn Ph.D. , Eun-Hye Hong Ph.D. , Chae-Won Kim B.S. , Su Min Kim B.S. , Hye Hyun Yoo Ph.D. , Joo Young Huh Ph.D. , Hyun-Jeong Ko Ph.D. , Jong-Hwan Park Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112565","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112565","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study investigated the therapeutic potential of <em>Lactobacillus plantarum</em> NCHBL-004 (NCHBL-004) in the treatment of obesity and associated metabolic disorders.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Mice were fed either a normal diet (ND) or a high-fat diet (HFD) with oral administration of NCHBL-004. After euthanasia, blood, liver and adipose tissue were collected. Furthermore, the microbiome and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were analyzed from feces.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Oral administration of live NCHBL-004 to mice fed a HFD resulted in notable reductions in weight gain, improvements in glucose metabolism, and maintenance of balanced lipid levels. A comparative analysis with other <em>Lactobacillus</em> strains highlighted the superior efficacy of NCHBL-004. Moreover, heat-killed NCHBL-004 demonstrated beneficial effects similar to those of live NCHBL-004. Additionally, administration of live NCHBL-004 induced glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) production and increased the levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), including acetate and propionate, in feces, positively influencing liver lipid metabolism and mitigating inflammation. Consistent with this, analysis of the gut microbiome following NCHBL-004 administration showed increases in SCFA-producing microbes with increased proportions of <em>Lactobacillus</em> spp. and a significant increase in the proportion of microbes capable of promoting GLP-1 secretion.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These findings underscore the potential of both live and inactivated NCHBL-004 as potential therapeutic approaches to managing obesity and metabolic disorders, suggesting avenues for further investigation and clinical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"128 ","pages":"Article 112565"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142319525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Parkinsonian syndromes are disabling neurodegenerative diseases resulting in reduced muscle function/performance and sarcopenia, but clinical manifestations could be systemic, including deterioration of cognitive function. As studies have reported an association between muscle dysfunction and cognitive decline yet no information on these syndromes is available, we investigated the relationship between sarcopenia, its components, and cognitive function, fatigue, and quality of life (QoL).
Methods
Consecutive patients affected by parkinsonian syndromes were assessed for the presence of sarcopenia using the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People-2 algorithm: low strength (handgrip strength: <27 kg [men]; <16 kg [women]) and low appendicular skeletal muscle index by impedance (<7.0 kg/m2 [men]; <6.0 kg/m2 [women]). Cognitive function was evaluated using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, the Mini Mental State Examination and the Frontal Assessment Battery. Fatigue and QoL were assessed using the 16-item Parkinson's Disease Fatigue Scale and the 39-item Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire, respectively.
Results
In total, 314 patients were included: 198 presented with low strength (63.0% probable sarcopenia); 68 (21.7%) of these were diagnosed with sarcopenia. After adjusting for multiple confounders, we observed a significant effect (poorer score) of both low strength only and sarcopenia on Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Mini Mental State Examination, and QoL. Only reduced muscle strength had a relevant impact on the outcomes considered.
Conclusions
Sarcopenia is associated with worse cognitive functions and QoL in patients with parkinsonian syndromes, with muscle dysfunction playing a major role. The prognostic impact of sarcopenia and its components should be addressed in prospective studies.
目的 帕金森综合征是一种致残性神经退行性疾病，会导致肌肉功能/表现下降和肌肉疏松症，但临床表现可能是全身性的，包括认知功能的恶化。有研究报告称肌肉功能障碍与认知能力下降之间存在关联，但目前尚无关于这些综合征的信息，因此我们研究了肌肉疏松症及其组成部分与认知功能、疲劳和生活质量（QoL）之间的关系。方法采用欧洲老年人肌肉疏松症工作组-2 算法对连续的帕金森综合症患者进行评估，以确定是否存在肌肉疏松症：低力量（手握力量：27 千克[男性]；16 千克[女性]）和低阻抗骨骼肌指数（7.0 千克/平方米[男性]；6.0 千克/平方米[女性]）。认知功能采用蒙特利尔认知评估、迷你精神状态检查和额叶评估电池进行评估。疲劳和 QoL 分别使用 16 项帕金森病疲劳量表和 39 项帕金森病问卷进行评估：其中 198 名患者体力较差（63.0% 可能患有肌肉疏松症），68 名患者（21.7%）被确诊为肌肉疏松症。在对多种混杂因素进行调整后，我们观察到低肌力症和肌肉疏松症对蒙特利尔认知评估、迷你精神状态检查和 QoL 均有显著影响（得分较低）。结论肌肉疏松症与帕金森综合症患者认知功能和 QoL 的恶化有关，其中肌肉功能障碍起着主要作用。应在前瞻性研究中探讨肌肉疏松症及其组成部分对预后的影响。
{"title":"Sarcopenia, low muscle strength, cognitive functions, and quality of life in parkinsonian syndromes","authors":"Michela Barichella M.D. , Emanuele Cereda M.D., Ph.D. , Valentina Ferri M.D. , Carlotta Bolliri Sc.D. , Viviana Cereda Psy.D. , Aurora Colombo Psy.D. , Alessandra Ranghetti Psy.D. , Massimo Fabio Giuffrida Sc.D. , Giulia Alessi Sc.D. , Alessio Genovesi M.D. , Giorgio Sacilotto M.D. , Ioannis U. Isaias M.D., Ph.D. , Gianni Pezzoli M.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112568","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112568","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>Parkinsonian syndromes are disabling neurodegenerative diseases resulting in reduced muscle function/performance and sarcopenia, but clinical manifestations could be systemic, including deterioration of cognitive function. As studies have reported an association between muscle dysfunction and cognitive decline yet no information on these syndromes is available, we investigated the relationship between sarcopenia, its components, and cognitive function, fatigue, and quality of life (QoL).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Consecutive patients affected by parkinsonian syndromes were assessed for the presence of sarcopenia using the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People-2 algorithm: low strength (handgrip strength: <27 kg [men]; <16 kg [women]) and low appendicular skeletal muscle index by impedance (<7.0 kg/m<sup>2</sup> [men]; <6.0 kg/m<sup>2</sup> [women]). Cognitive function was evaluated using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, the Mini Mental State Examination and the Frontal Assessment Battery. Fatigue and QoL were assessed using the 16-item Parkinson's Disease Fatigue Scale and the 39-item Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire, respectively.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>In total, 314 patients were included: 198 presented with low strength (63.0% probable sarcopenia); 68 (21.7%) of these were diagnosed with sarcopenia. After adjusting for multiple confounders, we observed a significant effect (poorer score) of both low strength only and sarcopenia on Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Mini Mental State Examination, and QoL. Only reduced muscle strength had a relevant impact on the outcomes considered.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Sarcopenia is associated with worse cognitive functions and QoL in patients with parkinsonian syndromes, with muscle dysfunction playing a major role. The prognostic impact of sarcopenia and its components should be addressed in prospective studies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"128 ","pages":"Article 112568"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142270694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-28DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2024.112567
Vanessa Fuchs-Tarlovsky MD, PhD , Cristina Velasco Gimeno RD, MCN , María Dolores Arias-Soberón MCN , Cristopher Silva-Sánchez RD , Karolina Álvarez-Altamirano MSc , Fernand Vedenne-Gutierrez PhD , Mónica Patricia Bejarano-Rosales RD , Marta Motilla de la Cámara MD , Juan Castillo-Cruz PhD , Cristina Cuerda Compés MD , Faith D. Ottery MD, PhD, FACN , Harriët Jager-Wittenaar PhD
Purpose
Malnutrition is frequent in hospitalized patients and is related to functional decline and poorer clinical outcomes. The Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) is a globally implemented malnutrition tool. We aimed to perform a linguistic and content validation of the translation and cultural adaptation of the PG-SGA for the Spanish language setting.
Methods
This study was conducted in Mexico and Spain. Cancer patients and healthcare professionals (HCPs) of both countries were enrolled. We followed the 10 steps of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research Principles. Patients and HCPs evaluated comprehensibility (Item: I-CI, Scale: S-CI) and difficulty (Item: I-DI, Scale: S-DI) of the Spanish version of the PG-SGA. HCPs also evaluated content validity (i.e., relevance) of the Spanish PG-SGA (Item: I-CVI, Scale: S-CVI). The data were collected by a questionnaire.
Results
The study enrolled 84 HCPs and 196 cancer patients from both countries. HCPs rated comprehensibility and difficulty of the professional component as excellent (S-CI = 0.95, S-DI = 0.92), and content validity of the full PG-SGA also as excellent. Patients rated comprehensibility (S-CI) and difficulty (S-DI) of the patient-generated component, that is, the PG-SGA Short Form, as “excellent” (S-CI = 0.98 and S-DI = 0.98).
Conclusion
Translation and cultural adaptation of the PG-SGA to the Spanish setting according to the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research Principles resulted in an instrument perceived as clear and easy to complete by cancer patients and relevant by HCPs to assess the nutritional status.
{"title":"Translation, cultural adaptation, and assessment of the linguistic and content validity of the PG-SGA to the Spanish linguistic setting by cancer patients and healthcare professionals","authors":"Vanessa Fuchs-Tarlovsky MD, PhD , Cristina Velasco Gimeno RD, MCN , María Dolores Arias-Soberón MCN , Cristopher Silva-Sánchez RD , Karolina Álvarez-Altamirano MSc , Fernand Vedenne-Gutierrez PhD , Mónica Patricia Bejarano-Rosales RD , Marta Motilla de la Cámara MD , Juan Castillo-Cruz PhD , Cristina Cuerda Compés MD , Faith D. Ottery MD, PhD, FACN , Harriët Jager-Wittenaar PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112567","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112567","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Malnutrition is frequent in hospitalized patients and is related to functional decline and poorer clinical outcomes. The Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) is a globally implemented malnutrition tool. We aimed to perform a linguistic and content validation of the translation and cultural adaptation of the PG-SGA for the Spanish language setting.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study was conducted in Mexico and Spain. Cancer patients and healthcare professionals (HCPs) of both countries were enrolled. We followed the 10 steps of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research Principles. Patients and HCPs evaluated comprehensibility (Item: I-CI, Scale: S-CI) and difficulty (Item: I-DI, Scale: S-DI) of the Spanish version of the PG-SGA. HCPs also evaluated content validity (i.e., relevance) of the Spanish PG-SGA (Item: I-CVI, Scale: S-CVI). The data were collected by a questionnaire.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The study enrolled 84 HCPs and 196 cancer patients from both countries. HCPs rated comprehensibility and difficulty of the professional component as excellent (S-CI = 0.95, S-DI = 0.92), and content validity of the full PG-SGA also as excellent. Patients rated comprehensibility (S-CI) and difficulty (S-DI) of the patient-generated component, that is, the PG-SGA Short Form, as “excellent” (S-CI = 0.98 and S-DI = 0.98).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Translation and cultural adaptation of the PG-SGA to the Spanish setting according to the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research Principles resulted in an instrument perceived as clear and easy to complete by cancer patients and relevant by HCPs to assess the nutritional status.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"128 ","pages":"Article 112567"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142375778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Overnutrition, a leading cause of global mortality, has seen a significant rise in low- and middle-income countries, including sub-Saharan Africa. Despite emerging evidence linking overnutrition to non-communicable diseases, limited action has been taken to address this issue. While undernutrition studies have received more attention, research on overnutrition and women's health remains scarce in sub-Saharan Africa. Our study aims to assess the prevalence and associated factors of overnutrition among reproductive women in this region
Methods
We conducted a secondary analysis of 2019–2023 Demographic and Health Survey datasets in sub-Saharan Africa. Our study included a weighted sample of 65,161 women aged 15–49 y. Using a multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression model, we identified factors associated with overnutrition. The adjusted odds ratio, along with a 95% confidence interval and a significance level of p < 0.05, determined the statistical significance of the explanatory variables.
Results
The pooled prevalence of overnutrition among women of reproductive age in sub-Saharan Africa was 34.79% (95% CI: 34.42–35.16). Specifically, the prevalence of overweight and obesity was 21.81% and 12.99%, respectively. Women's educational status, age, media use, household wealth, urbanization, community poverty, and country income level were significantly associated with higher odds of overnutrition.
Conclusions
The prevalence of overnutrition among women of reproductive age in sub-Saharan Africa is relatively high. Key factors associated with this issue include women's educational status, age, media utilization, household wealth, place of residence, community poverty level, and national income status. These multilevel determinants highlight the need for a comprehensive, evidence-based approach to address overnutrition in this population. Effective strategies should target individual behaviors while considering broader social, economic, and environmental contexts. Integrating overnutrition prevention into maternal and reproductive health services, as well as strengthening social protection measures, are recommended steps to tackle this growing challenge in sub-Saharan Africa.
{"title":"Overnutrition and associated factors among women of reproductive age in Sub-Saharan Africa: A hierarchical analysis of 2019–2023 standard demographic and health survey data","authors":"Tadesse Tarik Tamir , Enyew Getaneh Mekonen , Belayneh Shetie Workneh , Masresha Asmare Techane , Bewuketu Terefe , Alebachew Ferede Zegeye","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112563","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112563","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>Overnutrition, a leading cause of global mortality, has seen a significant rise in low- and middle-income countries, including sub-Saharan Africa. Despite emerging evidence linking overnutrition to non-communicable diseases, limited action has been taken to address this issue. While undernutrition studies have received more attention, research on overnutrition and women's health remains scarce in sub-Saharan Africa. Our study aims to assess the prevalence and associated factors of overnutrition among reproductive women in this region</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We conducted a secondary analysis of 2019–2023 Demographic and Health Survey datasets in sub-Saharan Africa. Our study included a weighted sample of 65,161 women aged 15–49 y. Using a multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression model, we identified factors associated with overnutrition. The adjusted odds ratio, along with a 95% confidence interval and a significance level of <em>p</em> < 0.05, determined the statistical significance of the explanatory variables.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The pooled prevalence of overnutrition among women of reproductive age in sub-Saharan Africa was 34.79% (95% CI: 34.42–35.16). Specifically, the prevalence of overweight and obesity was 21.81% and 12.99%, respectively. Women's educational status, age, media use, household wealth, urbanization, community poverty, and country income level were significantly associated with higher odds of overnutrition.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The prevalence of overnutrition among women of reproductive age in sub-Saharan Africa is relatively high. Key factors associated with this issue include women's educational status, age, media utilization, household wealth, place of residence, community poverty level, and national income status. These multilevel determinants highlight the need for a comprehensive, evidence-based approach to address overnutrition in this population. Effective strategies should target individual behaviors while considering broader social, economic, and environmental contexts. Integrating overnutrition prevention into maternal and reproductive health services, as well as strengthening social protection measures, are recommended steps to tackle this growing challenge in sub-Saharan Africa.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"128 ","pages":"Article 112563"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0899900724002120/pdfft?md5=0143b6510cb2b7c34c678a186362af3e&pid=1-s2.0-S0899900724002120-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142266404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-23DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2024.112564
Janaína Oliveira de Araújo RD , Maria Karolainy do Nascimento RD , Amanda de Sousa Rebouças MSc, RD , Galtieri Otávio Cunha de Medeiros MSc , Jarson Pedro da Costa Pereira MSc , Ana Paula Trussardi Fayh RD, PhD
Purpose
Our study aimed to 1) investigate the differences of muscle parameters in relation to each SARC-F component/question; and 2) explore the relationship between SARC-F score with these muscle parameters using various landmarks derived from computed tomography (CT) scans of patients with cancer.
Methods
This study is a cross-sectional analysis of a cohort comprised of consecutive patients with cancer, displaying CT scans. SARC-F questionnaire was utilized as a proxy for muscle functionality, with a score ≥4 indicating a poor status. Muscle assessment via CT measurements was performed using single cross-sectional images at the level of the third lumbar vertebrae (L3) in the abdominal region, the thigh region, and the total gluteal region at the level of the second sacral vertebrae. Skeletal muscle (SM) cross-sectional area, SM index (normalized to height2), and SM radiodensity (SMD) were evaluated for all anatomical landmarks.
Results
A total of 128 patients were included in this analysis (53.1% females, 61.7% older adults). Patients with SARC-F scores ≥4 demonstrated significantly lower values of SMD across all landmarks assessed. Those reporting difficulties related to strength (P = 0.039), requiring assistance in walking (P = 0.033), and climbing stairs (P = 0.012) exhibited significantly lower SMD values at the L3 landmark. At gluteus and thigh levels, only patients experiencing difficulty climbing stairs (P = 0.012) showed significantly lower values of SMD. Only SMD at gluteus level was independently associated with SARC-F score (βadjusted –0.09, 95% CI –0.16 to –0.02).
Conclusions
Our findings suggest that individuals with poor muscle composition may experience a higher risk of sarcopenia/poor muscle functionality.
{"title":"Differences in muscle composition and functionality: Exploring CT anatomical points and SARC-F components","authors":"Janaína Oliveira de Araújo RD , Maria Karolainy do Nascimento RD , Amanda de Sousa Rebouças MSc, RD , Galtieri Otávio Cunha de Medeiros MSc , Jarson Pedro da Costa Pereira MSc , Ana Paula Trussardi Fayh RD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112564","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112564","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Our study aimed to 1) investigate the differences of muscle parameters in relation to each SARC-F component/question; and 2) explore the relationship between SARC-F score with these muscle parameters using various landmarks derived from computed tomography (CT) scans of patients with cancer.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study is a cross-sectional analysis of a cohort comprised of consecutive patients with cancer, displaying CT scans. SARC-F questionnaire was utilized as a proxy for muscle functionality, with a score ≥4 indicating a poor status. Muscle assessment via CT measurements was performed using single cross-sectional images at the level of the third lumbar vertebrae (L3) in the abdominal region, the thigh region, and the total gluteal region at the level of the second sacral vertebrae. Skeletal muscle (SM) cross-sectional area, SM index (normalized to height<sup>2</sup>), and SM radiodensity (SMD) were evaluated for all anatomical landmarks.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 128 patients were included in this analysis (53.1% females, 61.7% older adults). Patients with SARC-F scores ≥4 demonstrated significantly lower values of SMD across all landmarks assessed. Those reporting difficulties related to strength (<strong><em>P</em></strong> = 0.039), requiring assistance in walking (<strong><em>P</em></strong> = 0.033), and climbing stairs (<strong><em>P</em></strong> = 0.012) exhibited significantly lower SMD values at the L3 landmark. At gluteus and thigh levels, only patients experiencing difficulty climbing stairs (<strong><em>P</em></strong> = 0.012) showed significantly lower values of SMD. Only SMD at gluteus level was independently associated with SARC-F score (<em>β</em><sub>adjusted</sub> –0.09, 95% CI –0.16 to –0.02).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our findings suggest that individuals with poor muscle composition may experience a higher risk of sarcopenia/poor muscle functionality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"128 ","pages":"Article 112564"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142311579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aimed to explore the effect of longitudinal body composition changes on mortality risk in patients undergoing hemodialysis and identify whether changes in body composition can more accurately predict mortality than baseline status.
Methods
A prospective cohort study was conducted on 340 patients undergoing hemodialysis. Lean mass and body fat were determined using a bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) device and expressed as the lean tissue index (LTI) or fat tissue index (FTI), respectively. The patients were subjected to BIS at baseline and after 1 year. The hazard ratio (HR) for death was calculated using Cox regression analysis.
Results
Among 340 patients, 289 were tested with a repeat BIS. LTI loss and FTI gain were observed in 51.2% and 47.1% of the patients, respectively. Low baseline LTI was a significant predictor of all-cause mortality after adjusting for demographic and biochemical parameters (HR, 2.41; P = 0.047), but not when comorbidities were included in the multivariate analysis. However, after adjusting for various confounding factors, LTI loss (HR, 3.40; P = 0.039) and FTI gain (HR, 4.06; P = 0.024) were independent risk factors for all-cause mortality, and the adjusted HR for LTI loss and FTI gain vs. no LTI loss and no FTI gain was 5.34 (P = 0.016).
Conclusions
LTI loss and FTI gain, particularly their combination, are important predictors of survival in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Our results emphasize that longitudinal changes in LTI and FTI are more strongly associated with all-cause mortality than single-point values. Therefore, it is important to dynamically assess the muscle and fat tissues and develop potential targeted treatment strategies for this population.
{"title":"Association of changes in body composition with all-cause mortality in patients undergoing hemodialysis: A prospective cohort study","authors":"Linghong Cheng M.D. , Liyang Chang M.D. , Ruchun Yang Ph.D. , Jianfang Zhou B.S. , Hongmei Zhang M.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112566","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112566","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>This study aimed to explore the effect of longitudinal body composition changes on mortality risk in patients undergoing hemodialysis and identify whether changes in body composition can more accurately predict mortality than baseline status.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A prospective cohort study was conducted on 340 patients undergoing hemodialysis. Lean mass and body fat were determined using a bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) device and expressed as the lean tissue index (LTI) or fat tissue index (FTI), respectively. The patients were subjected to BIS at baseline and after 1 year. The hazard ratio (HR) for death was calculated using Cox regression analysis.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Among 340 patients, 289 were tested with a repeat BIS. LTI loss and FTI gain were observed in 51.2% and 47.1% of the patients, respectively. Low baseline LTI was a significant predictor of all-cause mortality after adjusting for demographic and biochemical parameters (HR, 2.41; <em>P</em> = 0.047), but not when comorbidities were included in the multivariate analysis. However, after adjusting for various confounding factors, LTI loss (HR, 3.40; <em>P</em> = 0.039) and FTI gain (HR, 4.06; <em>P</em> = 0.024) were independent risk factors for all-cause mortality, and the adjusted HR for LTI loss and FTI gain vs. no LTI loss and no FTI gain was 5.34 (<em>P</em> = 0.016).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>LTI loss and FTI gain, particularly their combination, are important predictors of survival in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Our results emphasize that longitudinal changes in LTI and FTI are more strongly associated with all-cause mortality than single-point values. Therefore, it is important to dynamically assess the muscle and fat tissues and develop potential targeted treatment strategies for this population.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"128 ","pages":"Article 112566"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0899900724002156/pdfft?md5=d057185ebd0f294eb0c1b8de72393895&pid=1-s2.0-S0899900724002156-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142228795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The profiles of intensive care cnit (ICU) critically ill inpatients differ from those of other hospitalized patients, since organ dysfunction is a factor that increases the risk for Refeeding Syndrome (RS) development. It is important to understand the influence of feeding methods and caloric intake on mortality and RS incidence among critically ill adult inpatients. A systematic search, following PRISMA guidelines and protocol for systematic reviews, was conducted for interventional and experimental studies analyzing RS occurrence in adults admitted to ICUs. Pubmed, Scielo, Lilacs, Google Scholar, Scopus and Web of Science were the databases searched, and the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) tool was used to assess methodological quality of selected articles. Out of 945 abstracts screened, 32 articles were read in full and 20 were included for data extraction. Considerable heterogeneity was found between all studies reviewed. Enteral feeding was the most used method, and, in general, progression of caloric intake did not follow the American Society of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ASPEN) or National Institute of Health and Care (NICE) recommendations for RS. In majority, data collection period of studies was less than 7 days; RS was observed in up to 52.5% of patients, and related mortality varied between 15.6 and 83.3%. Due to weak level of evidence and high heterogeneity found within reviewed studies, it is not possible to determine a robust recommendation as to what would be the best and safest feeding method and caloric progression protocol for patients at risk for developing RS.
{"title":"Nutritional therapy in intensive care unit inpatients at risk for refeeding syndrome: A systematic review","authors":"Larissa de Oliveira Alencar B.Sc. , Jorge Ery Farias Neto B.Sc. , Eliane Albuquerque Beserra B.Sc. , Juliana Frossard Ribeiro Mendes Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112562","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112562","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The profiles of intensive care cnit (ICU) critically ill inpatients differ from those of other hospitalized patients, since organ dysfunction is a factor that increases the risk for Refeeding Syndrome (RS) development. It is important to understand the influence of feeding methods and caloric intake on mortality and RS incidence among critically ill adult inpatients. A systematic search, following PRISMA guidelines and protocol for systematic reviews, was conducted for interventional and experimental studies analyzing RS occurrence in adults admitted to ICUs. Pubmed, Scielo, Lilacs, Google Scholar, Scopus and Web of Science were the databases searched, and the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) tool was used to assess methodological quality of selected articles. Out of 945 abstracts screened, 32 articles were read in full and 20 were included for data extraction. Considerable heterogeneity was found between all studies reviewed. Enteral feeding was the most used method, and, in general, progression of caloric intake did not follow the American Society of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ASPEN) or National Institute of Health and Care (NICE) recommendations for RS. In majority, data collection period of studies was less than 7 days; RS was observed in up to 52.5% of patients, and related mortality varied between 15.6 and 83.3%. Due to weak level of evidence and high heterogeneity found within reviewed studies, it is not possible to determine a robust recommendation as to what would be the best and safest feeding method and caloric progression protocol for patients at risk for developing RS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"128 ","pages":"Article 112562"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142311580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-20DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2024.112561
Daniela M.H. Padilha M.D. , Maria C.S. Mendes R.D., Ph.D. , Maria E.S. Takahashi Ph.D. , Fabiana Lascala R.D., M.Sc. , Marina N. Silveira R.D., Ph.D. , Lara Pozzuto R.D., M.Sc. , Larissa A.O. Carrilho R.D., M.Sc. , Lívia D. Guerra R.D. , Rafaella C.L. Moreira R.D., M.Sc. , Sandra R. Branbilla B.Sc. , Celso Darío Ramos M.D., Ph.D. , José B.C. Carvalheira M.D., Ph.D.
Background
Adipose tissue radiodensity and metabolic activity may influence COVID-19 outcomes. This study evaluated the association between adipose tissue characteristics and clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients.
Methods
Two retrospective cohorts of hospitalized COVID-19 patients were analyzed. Subcutaneous adipose tissue radiodensity (SATR) and visceral adipose tissue radiodensity were assessed by computed tomography. Fluorine-18-labelled fluorodeoxyglucose PET/computed tomography measured adipose tissue metabolic activity. Associations with mortality, length of stay, ventilation requirement, and complications were examined using regression analyses.
Results
High SATR was independently associated with increased mortality risk (OR: 2.70; P = 0.033), longer hospitalization (P < 0.001), higher rates of mechanical ventilation (P = 0.007), and complications: acute kidney injury (P = 0.001), secondary infection (P = 0.007), shock (P = 0.010), and pulmonary embolism (P = 0.011). SATR positively correlated with SAT glucose uptake (ρ = 0.52) and negatively with leptin levels (ρ = –0.48).
Conclusions
Elevated SATR at COVID-19 diagnosis predicts disease severity and worse outcomes. SATR is a potential prognostic biomarker for acute and chronic inflammatory conditions.
To assess the relationship between meal consumption frequency and assisted reproductive technology (ART) outcomes among female patients with infertility.
Research Methods & Procedures
This cohort study was conducted from February 2022 to January 2024 at Tokyo Medical University Hospital. Overall, 101 female patients with infertility issues and without a history of stroke, heart disease, cancer, or type 1 or type 2 diabetes were enrolled in this study. The factors extracted from the questionnaire included demographic information, meal consumption frequency before ART and at 20 years of age, smoking status, and alcohol consumption status. Data on other factors, including age, body mass index, anti-Müllerian hormone level, and parity history, were collected from medical records. The assessed clinical outcomes included number of transplanted embryos, clinical pregnancies, ongoing pregnancies, live births, and miscarriages.
Results
After adjusting for potential confounding factors, including age, smoking status, alcohol consumption status, body mass index, anti-Müllerian hormone level, and parity history, a multivariate analysis of ART outcomes was performed. Patients were categorized into groups based on the frequency of weekly consumption of breakfast, lunch, and dinner. Patients who consumed breakfast 6–7 times a week were significantly more likely to have higher rates of live birth and lower rates of miscarriage in pregnancies conceived through ART.
Conclusions
Consumption of breakfast 6–7 times a week before ART was associated with increased success rates following ART. This highlights the potential importance of regular breakfast consumption for optimizing ART outcomes.
{"title":"Impact of daily breakfast intake on the outcomes of assisted reproductive technology procedures","authors":"Masanori Ono M.D., Ph.D. , Yuko Hayashizaki B.S.N. , Shunichiro Orihara Ph.D. , Mariko Kitamizu B.Arg. , Chiyo Hamada B.Arg. , Miki Yamaguchi B.S.N. , Takayuki Kikuchi M.D. , Tomomi Kawamura M.D., Ph.D. , Akina Yamanaka M.D. , Keiko Ueno M.D., Ph.D. , Junya Kojima M.D., Ph.D. , Tomoko Fujiwara Ph.D. , Takiko Daikoku Ph.D. , Yoshiko Maida M.D., Ph.D. , Hitoshi Ando M.D., Ph.D. , Hiroshi Fujiwara M.D., Ph.D. , Kumi Oshima B.S.N. , Naoaki Kuji M.D., Ph.D. , Hirotaka Nishi M.D., Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112555","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112555","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To assess the relationship between meal consumption frequency and assisted reproductive technology (ART) outcomes among female patients with infertility.</p></div><div><h3>Research Methods & Procedures</h3><p>This cohort study was conducted from February 2022 to January 2024 at Tokyo Medical University Hospital. Overall, 101 female patients with infertility issues and without a history of stroke, heart disease, cancer, or type 1 or type 2 diabetes were enrolled in this study. The factors extracted from the questionnaire included demographic information, meal consumption frequency before ART and at 20 years of age, smoking status, and alcohol consumption status. Data on other factors, including age, body mass index, anti-Müllerian hormone level, and parity history, were collected from medical records. The assessed clinical outcomes included number of transplanted embryos, clinical pregnancies, ongoing pregnancies, live births, and miscarriages.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>After adjusting for potential confounding factors, including age, smoking status, alcohol consumption status, body mass index, anti-Müllerian hormone level, and parity history, a multivariate analysis of ART outcomes was performed. Patients were categorized into groups based on the frequency of weekly consumption of breakfast, lunch, and dinner. Patients who consumed breakfast 6–7 times a week were significantly more likely to have higher rates of live birth and lower rates of miscarriage in pregnancies conceived through ART.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Consumption of breakfast 6–7 times a week before ART was associated with increased success rates following ART. This highlights the potential importance of regular breakfast consumption for optimizing ART outcomes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"127 ","pages":"Article 112555"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142126310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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