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Repercussions of racial, gender, and class inequities on food and nutrition conditions: Implications for public health 种族、性别和阶级不平等对食物和营养状况的影响:对公众健康的影响。
IF 3 3区 医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2025-10-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2025.112995
Tatiana Palotta Minari Ph.D.

Background

Food and nutrition are shaped by power structures that perpetuate historical injustices. In marginalized and low-income contexts, racial, gender, and class inequities restrict access to adequate and culturally appropriate food, with serious public health impacts. These disparities are reinforced by colonial legacies, institutional racism, gender oppression, and neoliberal policies that commodify nourishment and erase traditional knowledge. This study examines how these intersecting oppressions shape global nutrition inequities and proposes transformative, justice-oriented approaches in public health.

Methods

A critical review was conducted using an intersectional and decolonial framework informed by public health, sociology, feminist theory, and Southern epistemologies. Articles published between 2010 and 2025 were retrieved from Scopus, PubMed, SciELO, and Web of Science. A total of 46 studies of varying methodological designs were included in the final analysis.

Results

Racialized poverty and structural racism are central drivers of food insecurity. Gendered care burdens and the feminization of food-related labor disproportionately affect marginalized women. Traditional and community-based food knowledge is often excluded from policy frameworks. Transgender and gender-diverse populations remain largely invisible in nutrition research. Obesity, malnutrition, and social inequality form a syndemic relationship, exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic and the fragility of social protection systems.

Conclusion

Recognizing food as a political and relational right is essential to advance social justice, epistemic diversity, and emancipatory futures. The findings underscore the urgency of transforming public health paradigms to confront structural determinants of malnutrition and obesity, promote food sovereignty, and center marginalized communities as co-creators of dignified and sustainable food systems.
背景:食物和营养是由权力结构决定的,这种权力结构使历史上的不公正永久化。在边缘化和低收入环境中,种族、性别和阶级不平等限制了获得充足和文化上适当的食物的机会,对公共卫生产生了严重影响。殖民遗产、制度性种族主义、性别压迫以及将营养商品化和抹去传统知识的新自由主义政策加剧了这些差异。本研究考察了这些相互交织的压迫如何影响全球营养不平等,并提出了公共卫生领域的变革性、以正义为导向的方法。方法:采用公共卫生、社会学、女权主义理论和南方认识论的交叉和非殖民化框架进行批判性回顾。从Scopus、PubMed、SciELO和Web of Science检索2010年至2025年间发表的文章。总共有46项不同方法设计的研究被纳入最终分析。结果:种族化贫困和结构性种族主义是粮食不安全的主要驱动因素。性别护理负担和食品相关劳动的女性化不成比例地影响到边缘化妇女。传统的和基于社区的粮食知识往往被排除在政策框架之外。在营养研究中,变性人和性别多样化的人群在很大程度上仍然是隐形的。肥胖、营养不良和社会不平等形成了一种综合征关系,COVID-19大流行和社会保护体系的脆弱性加剧了这种关系。结论:承认食物是一种政治和关系权利,对于促进社会正义、认识多样性和解放未来至关重要。研究结果强调,迫切需要改变公共卫生模式,以应对营养不良和肥胖的结构性决定因素,促进粮食主权,并将边缘化社区作为有尊严和可持续粮食系统的共同创造者。
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引用次数: 0
Simple muscle assessment improves GLIM-based malnutrition detection and prognostic stratification in hospitalized patients:A nationwide study 一项全国范围的研究表明,简单的肌肉评估可改善住院患者基于glimm的营养不良检测和预后分层。
IF 3 3区 医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2025-10-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2025.112992
Kaijia Zhao M.M. , Yan Liu Ph.D. , Cheng Wang Ph.D. , Xiameng He M.M. , Lan Lan Ph.D. , Pengfei Li Ph.D. , Wei Chen Ph.D. , Shuyan Guo M.S. , Zengning Li Ph.D.

Background

Malnutrition in hospitalized patients is prevalent and associated with adverse clinical outcomes. However, the widely used Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS-2002) often overlooks a substantial proportion of patients who meet the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria for malnutrition, leading to delayed nutritional intervention. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the characteristic of these overlooked patients and explore a more scientific screening strategy.

Methods

This study analyzed data from the China Nutrition Basic Data 2022 (CNBD 2022) project, a nationwide, multicenter observational study. NRS-2002 and the GLIM criteria were performed for all patients. An Enhanced Screening strategy (ESS) which supplemented NRS-2002 with handgrip strength (HGS) and calf circumference (CC) for NRS-2002 negatives was evaluated. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and Kappa value of NRS-2002 and ESS against the GLIM criteria were compared. Logistic regression was used to assess associations between NRS-2002 (or ESS) /GLIM combinations and clinical outcomes (including length of hospital stay (LOS) and 30-day mortality).

Results

A total of 51672 patients were included. Among the 8776 malnourished patients overlooked by NRS-2002, 83.4% presented with phenotypes involving low muscle mass. ESS improved screening sensitivity from 54.9% to 73.6%. Compared to the reference group of patients negative by both NRS-2002 and GLIM criteria [NRS-2002(-)/GLIM(-)], the subgroup ESS(+)/GLIM(-) showed a significantly increased risk of LOS> mean (adjusted OR = 1.361). This risk was also higher than that of patients ESS(-)/GLIM(+) (adjusted OR = 1.124).

Conclusion

The limited sensitivity of NRS-2002 for GLIM-defined malnutrition was mainly due to its lack of direct muscle assessment. For patients with NRS-2002 scores<3, integrating simple muscle assessment could significantly improve screening sensitivity and prognostic stratification in adult inpatients.
背景:住院患者营养不良很普遍,并与不良临床结果相关。然而,广泛使用的2002年营养风险筛查(NRS-2002)往往忽略了相当一部分符合全球营养不良领导倡议(GLIM)营养不良标准的患者,导致营养干预延迟。因此,本研究旨在分析这些被忽视患者的特点,探索更科学的筛查策略。方法:本研究分析了中国营养基础数据2022 (CNBD 2022)项目的数据,这是一项全国性、多中心的观察性研究。所有患者均采用NRS-2002和GLIM标准。对NRS-2002阴性的患者采用一种增强筛查策略(ESS),即用握力(HGS)和小腿围(CC)补充NRS-2002。比较NRS-2002和ESS对GLIM标准的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值(PPV)、阴性预测值(NPV)和Kappa值。采用Logistic回归评估NRS-2002(或ESS) /GLIM组合与临床结果(包括住院时间(LOS)和30天死亡率)之间的关系。结果:共纳入51672例患者。在NRS-2002遗漏的8776例营养不良患者中,83.4%的患者表现为低肌肉质量表型。ESS将筛选灵敏度从54.9%提高到73.6%。与NRS-2002和GLIM [NRS-2002(-)/GLIM(-)]标准均为阴性的对照组相比,ESS(+)/GLIM(-)亚组的LOS>平均风险显著增加(调整后OR = 1.361)。这一风险也高于ESS(-)/GLIM(+)患者(调整OR = 1.124)。结论:NRS-2002对glim定义的营养不良的敏感性有限主要是由于缺乏直接的肌肉评估。对于NRS-2002评分的患者
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引用次数: 0
Fad dieting and psychological well-being 时尚节食与心理健康。
IF 3 3区 医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2025-10-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2025.112996
Jacob Burmeister PhD, Allison Kiefner Burmeister PhD, London Moening OTD, Olivia Koenig OTD

Background

Fad diets--the popularity of which is often spread through social media--promise unrealistic weight loss with unrealistically easily employed methods in short periods of time. Many such diets are known to carry risks from a purely nutritional perspective (e.g., juice diet, grapefruit only diet) and overly restrictive diets are also suspected to be a risk factor for psychological well-being.

Methods

Data was collected from 584 respondents. To our knowledge, the current study is one of the first of its kind to explore the extent to which fad dieting is in fact associated with psychological well-being.

Results

We found that participants who engaged more with fad diets were at greater risk of depression (t[580] = −2.25, P = 0.025), body shame (t[580] = −2.67, P = 0.008), and disordered eating behaviors (t[580] = −2.73, P = 0.006). Despite the popular notion that women are the majority of dieters, women and men were equally likely to engage with fad diets (P > 0.05).

Conclusions

Our findings suggest an association between fad dieting and deleterious outcomes. Future research into causal relationships is recommended.
背景:流行的减肥法——经常通过社交媒体传播——承诺在短时间内用不切实际的容易使用的方法实现不切实际的减肥。从纯粹的营养角度来看,许多这样的饮食都是有风险的(例如,果汁饮食,葡萄柚饮食),过度限制的饮食也被怀疑是心理健康的风险因素。方法:收集调查对象584人的资料。据我们所知,目前的研究是同类研究中首次探索时尚节食在多大程度上与心理健康有关。结果:我们发现,更多参与时尚饮食的参与者患抑郁症(t[580] = -2.25, P = 0.025)、身体羞耻(t[580] = -2.67, P = 0.008)和饮食行为紊乱(t[580] = -2.73, P = 0.006)的风险更高。尽管人们普遍认为女性在节食者中占多数,但女性和男性参与流行节食的可能性是一样的(P > 0.05)。结论:我们的研究结果表明,时尚节食与有害结果之间存在关联。建议未来对因果关系进行研究。
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引用次数: 0
A mixed-methods study of parental adherence to the food safety authority of Ireland's vitamin D supplementation policy and food-based recommendations for iron in 1-to-5-year-olds 一项关于父母遵守爱尔兰食品安全当局的维生素D补充政策和1至5岁儿童基于食物的铁建议的混合方法研究。
IF 3 3区 医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2025-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2025.112997
Omid Eslami Ph.D., Geraldine J. Cuskelly Ph.D., Mairéad Cantwell Ph.D., Áine O'Connor Ph.D.

Objectives

The aim of the present study was to assess parental adherence to the Food Safety Authority of Ireland (FSAI)'s vitamin D supplementation policy (5 μg/d from late October to mid-March) and food-based recommendations for iron (iron-fortified breakfast cereals for at least 5 days per week, and red meat for 3 days per week) in young children aged 1–5 years.

Methods

This was an online, concurrent, mixed-methods study in which 185 parents completed a questionnaire to assess their awareness of attitudes toward, and adherence to the FSAI recommendations (Quantitative component). Furthermore, semi-structured interviews with 15 parents from the quantitative component were conducted to investigate barriers and facilitators of guideline adherence (Qualitative component).

Results

Adherence rates to the recommendations for vitamin D supplementation, red meat, and iron-fortified breakfast cereals were at 20.5%, 21.6%, and 31.9%, respectively. Thematic analysis of qualitative interviews identified five themes: 1) perceptions of healthy eating; 2) impact of the community food environment on the accessibility of the recommended items; 3) the interplay between family members' dietary preferences and meal choices within the familial food setting; 4) convenience in food preparation and supplement use; and 5) gaps in communicating guidelines and opportunities to promote them.

Conclusions

Overall, the poor guideline uptake reported in this study may be attributed to multiple factors within different levels of the socio-ecological environment, including intrapersonal, interpersonal, community/organizations, and public policy. Thus, implementing holistic, multicomponent public health programs could be a potential strategy to improve parental guideline adherence.
目的:本研究的目的是评估父母对爱尔兰食品安全局(FSAI)的维生素D补充政策(从10月下旬到3月中旬每天5微克)和基于食物的铁建议(每周至少5天的铁强化早餐谷物和每周3天的红肉)在1-5岁幼儿中的依从性。方法:这是一项在线、同步、混合方法的研究,185名家长完成了一份调查问卷,以评估他们对FSAI建议的认识、态度和遵守情况(定量成分)。此外,从定量组成部分对15名家长进行了半结构化访谈,以调查指南遵守的障碍和促进因素(定性组成部分)。结果:对维生素D补充、红肉和铁强化早餐麦片建议的依从率分别为20.5%、21.6%和31.9%。定性访谈的专题分析确定了五个主题:1)健康饮食观念;2)社区饮食环境对推荐项目可及性的影响;3)家庭食物环境中家庭成员饮食偏好与膳食选择的相互作用;4)食品制备和补充剂使用方便;5)沟通指导方针和推广指导方针的机会存在差距。结论:总体而言,本研究中报告的指南摄取不足可能归因于不同社会生态环境层面的多种因素,包括个人、人际、社区/组织和公共政策。因此,实施整体的、多组分的公共卫生计划可能是提高家长指南依从性的潜在策略。
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引用次数: 0
Feeding practice and its association with nutritional status of infants aged 0–6 months in Endumeni sub-district, South Africa 南非Endumeni街道0-6个月婴儿的喂养方式及其与营养状况的关系
IF 3 3区 医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2025-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2025.112993
Thomson Khosa , Lizeka Napoles , Beulah Pretorius

Background

Inappropriate infant feeding practices contribute significantly to malnutrition, which underlies approximately 54% of global infant mortality. This study examined feeding practices and their association with nutritional status among infants aged 0–6 months attending well-baby clinics in Endumeni, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.

Methodology

A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2023 involving 329 mothers or primary caregivers (aged 18–40 years) of infants aged 0–6 months from nine clinics. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed using Stata. Associations between feeding practices and infant nutritional status were assessed using Chi-square tests.

Results

Among the infants, 49.9% were male and 50.1% female. Most (49.5%) were between 1–4 months old. Breastfeeding was reported in 72.0% of infants, with 36.8% exclusively breastfed. Formula feeding occurred in 28.0% (22.7% exclusively and 5.3% mixed-fed). Among those introduced to complementary feeding, common first foods included soft porridge (39.5%), commercial baby foods (10.9%), and water (3.0%). Nutritional assessments indicated that 59.3% had normal weight-for-age, while 26.8% were overweight, 4.6% obese, 4.6% underweight, and 4.3% severely underweight. A significant association was found between feeding practices and nutritional status (P < 0.05). Notably, 82.6% of breastfed infants had normal weight, whereas non-breastfed infants were overrepresented in both undernutrition and overweight categories.

Conclusion

Breastfeeding was positively associated with optimal anthropometric outcomes in early infancy, suggesting a protective effect against both under- and overnutrition. Strengthening caregiver education and breastfeeding support should be prioritized in infant nutrition interventions and policy.
不适当的婴儿喂养方式是造成营养不良的重要原因,而营养不良是全球约54%婴儿死亡的根本原因。本研究调查了在南非夸祖鲁-纳塔尔省Endumeni的健康婴儿诊所就诊的0-6个月婴儿的喂养方式及其与营养状况的关系。方法于2023年对来自9个诊所的329名0-6个月婴儿的母亲或主要照顾者(18-40岁)进行横断面研究。使用结构化问卷收集数据,并使用Stata进行分析。采用卡方检验评估喂养方式与婴儿营养状况之间的关系。结果男婴占49.9%,女婴占50.1%。大多数(49.5%)在1-4个月大之间。72.0%的婴儿报告母乳喂养,其中36.8%为纯母乳喂养。配方喂养占28.0%(纯喂养22.7%,混合喂养5.3%)。在引入辅食的婴儿中,常见的第一餐包括软粥(39.5%)、商业婴儿食品(10.9%)和水(3.0%)。营养评估显示,59.3%的儿童年龄体重正常,超重26.8%,肥胖4.6%,体重不足4.6%,严重体重不足4.3%。饲养方式与营养状况之间存在显著相关性(P < 0.05)。值得注意的是,82.6%的母乳喂养婴儿体重正常,而非母乳喂养的婴儿在营养不良和超重类别中所占比例过高。结论母乳喂养与婴儿早期的最佳人体测量结果呈正相关,表明母乳喂养对营养不足和营养过剩都有保护作用。在婴儿营养干预和政策中,应优先加强照顾者教育和母乳喂养支持。
{"title":"Feeding practice and its association with nutritional status of infants aged 0–6 months in Endumeni sub-district, South Africa","authors":"Thomson Khosa ,&nbsp;Lizeka Napoles ,&nbsp;Beulah Pretorius","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112993","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112993","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Inappropriate infant feeding practices contribute significantly to malnutrition, which underlies approximately 54% of global infant mortality. This study examined feeding practices and their association with nutritional status among infants aged 0–6 months attending well-baby clinics in Endumeni, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.</div></div><div><h3>Methodology</h3><div>A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2023 involving 329 mothers or primary caregivers (aged 18–40 years) of infants aged 0–6 months from nine clinics. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed using Stata. Associations between feeding practices and infant nutritional status were assessed using Chi-square tests.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among the infants, 49.9% were male and 50.1% female. Most (49.5%) were between 1–4 months old. Breastfeeding was reported in 72.0% of infants, with 36.8% exclusively breastfed. Formula feeding occurred in 28.0% (22.7% exclusively and 5.3% mixed-fed). Among those introduced to complementary feeding, common first foods included soft porridge (39.5%), commercial baby foods (10.9%), and water (3.0%). Nutritional assessments indicated that 59.3% had normal weight-for-age, while 26.8% were overweight, 4.6% obese, 4.6% underweight, and 4.3% severely underweight. A significant association was found between feeding practices and nutritional status (<em>P &lt; 0.</em>05). Notably, 82.6% of breastfed infants had normal weight, whereas non-breastfed infants were overrepresented in both undernutrition and overweight categories.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Breastfeeding was positively associated with optimal anthropometric outcomes in early infancy, suggesting a protective effect against both under- and overnutrition. Strengthening caregiver education and breastfeeding support should be prioritized in infant nutrition interventions and policy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 112993"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145569210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Dietary inflammatory potential estimated by three metrics and their association with systemic low-grade inflammation in younger and older adults 通过三个指标估计饮食炎症潜力及其与年轻人和老年人全身性低度炎症的关系
IF 3 3区 医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2025-10-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2025.112994
Letícia do Nascimento Maximiano Ferreira M.Sc. , Marina Maintinguer Norde Ph.D. , Raquel Arriola Aguirre M.Sc. , João Valentini Neto Ph.D. , Regina Mara Fisberg Ph.D. , Flavia Mori Sarti Ph.D. , Edward Giovannucci Ph.D. , Marcelo Macedo Rogero Ph.D.

Introduction

Inflammatory dietary indices and dietary quality indices are frequently applied to investigate the inflammatory potential of diets. However, their relative ability to explain plasma inflammatory biomarker concentrations remains unclear.

Objective

To compare the effectiveness of the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII), the Empirical Dietary Inflammatory Pattern adapted to the São Paulo population (EDIP-SP), and the Global Diet Quality Score (GDQS) in explaining plasma inflammatory biomarker concentrations.

Methods

A cross-sectional population-based study was conducted with 501 participants from the 2015 Health Survey of São Paulo. Dietary data were assessed through two nonconsecutive 24-h dietary recalls, and the DII, EDIP-SP, and GDQS were scored. Plasma concentrations of high-sensitive C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and adiponectin were determined. Multivariable-adjusted linear regression models were used to investigate the associations between dietary indices and inflammatory biomarkers. Model fit was compared using the coefficient of determination and the Akaike Information Criterion.

Results

The EDIP-SP was positively associated with plasma CRP concentrations in the multivariable analysis adjusted for body mass index. The DII showed an effect modification by sex in association with plasma CRP concentrations. The GDQS submetric composed of healthy food groups was inversely associated with CRP and positively associated with adiponectin concentrations. No significant associations were observed between dietary index scores and plasma TNF-α. No substantial differences in model fit were observed among the dietary indices for explaining plasma inflammatory biomarker concentrations, except for CRP, which presented a higher percentage of variance explained by EDIP-SP.

Conclusion

The EDIP-SP and DII explained plasma inflammatory biomarker concentrations more consistently than the GDQS, indicating that dietary inflammatory indices were more effective for capturing systemic low-grade inflammation.
膳食炎症指数和膳食质量指数是研究膳食炎症潜力的常用指标。然而,它们解释血浆炎症生物标志物浓度的相对能力尚不清楚。目的:比较饮食炎症指数(DII)、适应圣保罗人群的经验饮食炎症模式(EDIP-SP)和全球饮食质量评分(GDQS)在解释血浆炎症生物标志物浓度方面的有效性。方法:选取2015年圣保罗市健康调查的501名参与者进行横断面人群研究。通过两次非连续的24小时饮食回顾来评估饮食数据,并对DII、EDIP-SP和GDQS进行评分。测定血浆中高敏c反应蛋白(CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子α (TNF-α)和脂联素的浓度。采用多变量调整线性回归模型研究饮食指标与炎症生物标志物之间的关系。采用决定系数和赤池信息准则对模型拟合进行比较。结果:在体重指数调整后的多变量分析中,EDIP-SP与血浆CRP浓度呈正相关。DII显示出与血浆CRP浓度相关的性别效应改变。由健康食品组组成的GDQS亚指标与CRP呈负相关,与脂联素浓度呈正相关。饮食指数评分与血浆TNF-α之间无显著相关性。在解释血浆炎症生物标志物浓度时,饮食指标之间的模型拟合没有显著差异,除了CRP,它在EDIP-SP解释下呈现更高的方差百分比。结论:与GDQS相比,EDIP-SP和DII对血浆炎症生物标志物浓度的解释更为一致,表明饮食炎症指标对捕获全身性低级别炎症更有效。
{"title":"Dietary inflammatory potential estimated by three metrics and their association with systemic low-grade inflammation in younger and older adults","authors":"Letícia do Nascimento Maximiano Ferreira M.Sc. ,&nbsp;Marina Maintinguer Norde Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Raquel Arriola Aguirre M.Sc. ,&nbsp;João Valentini Neto Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Regina Mara Fisberg Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Flavia Mori Sarti Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Edward Giovannucci Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Marcelo Macedo Rogero Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112994","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112994","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Inflammatory dietary indices and dietary quality indices are frequently applied to investigate the inflammatory potential of diets. However, their relative ability to explain plasma inflammatory biomarker concentrations remains unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To compare the effectiveness of the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII), the Empirical Dietary Inflammatory Pattern adapted to the São Paulo population (EDIP-SP), and the Global Diet Quality Score (GDQS) in explaining plasma inflammatory biomarker concentrations.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional population-based study was conducted with 501 participants from the 2015 Health Survey of São Paulo. Dietary data were assessed through two nonconsecutive 24-h dietary recalls, and the DII, EDIP-SP, and GDQS were scored. Plasma concentrations of high-sensitive C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and adiponectin were determined. Multivariable-adjusted linear regression models were used to investigate the associations between dietary indices and inflammatory biomarkers. Model fit was compared using the coefficient of determination and the Akaike Information Criterion.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The EDIP-SP was positively associated with plasma CRP concentrations in the multivariable analysis adjusted for body mass index. The DII showed an effect modification by sex in association with plasma CRP concentrations. The GDQS submetric composed of healthy food groups was inversely associated with CRP and positively associated with adiponectin concentrations. No significant associations were observed between dietary index scores and plasma TNF-α. No substantial differences in model fit were observed among the dietary indices for explaining plasma inflammatory biomarker concentrations, except for CRP, which presented a higher percentage of variance explained by EDIP-SP.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The EDIP-SP and DII explained plasma inflammatory biomarker concentrations more consistently than the GDQS, indicating that dietary inflammatory indices were more effective for capturing systemic low-grade inflammation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 112994"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145557454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Self-perceived skills in the diagnosis of hospital malnutrition, medical knowledge, and interest in nutrition: A cross-sectional study of medical residency programs 医院营养不良诊断中的自我认知技能、医学知识和对营养的兴趣:住院医师项目的横断面研究。
IF 3 3区 医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2025-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2025.112991
Eduardo Lucio Bittencourt Cabral M.Sc. , Ana Luiza Moraes dos Santos Ph.D. , Laura Santos Ferracioli , Maria Aparecida Turci Ph.D. , Maria Isabel Toulson Davisson Correia Ph.D.

Background

Nutrition education remains insufficient in medical curricula, despite its essential role in patient treatment.

Aims

We assessed resident physicians' interest in hospital malnutrition, their self-perceived ability to address it, and their knowledge of basic nutrition topics.

Methods

This multicenter cross-sectional study included medical residents from nine hospitals in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Participants completed a structured questionnaire on hospital malnutrition, covering demographics, self-perceived knowledge, interest, and objective knowledge. Descriptive analyses included medians, interquartile ranges, and frequency distributions. Comparative and graphical analyses were used to explore knowledge, interest, and perceived difficulties related to nutritional assessment and care.

Results

A total of 100 resident physicians participated in the study. Among them, 61.7% estimated that "Nutrition or Malnutrition" was covered in less than one academic period during medical school. Despite this, most residents rated the "nutritional assessment of hospitalized patients" as highly important (average score of 9.6). However, 73% reported difficulty in recognizing patients at nutritional risk, and 57% were unfamiliar with nutritional assessment techniques. Additionally, 61% were unable to develop nutritional therapeutic plans. Residents in surgical specialties had more difficulty identifying at-risk patients (93.6% versus 75.4%, P = 0.032). New residents felt more insecure about knowing nutritional assessment techniques (74.0% versus 51.8%, P = 0.035). The average nutrition knowledge score was low (6.02 ± 1.41).

Conclusion

Resident physicians from Brazil demonstrated a high level of interest in hospital malnutrition but most of them reported being unprepared to recognize, diagnose, and plan treatment for malnourished patients. This highlights the inadequacy of nutrition education during both medical school and postgraduate training.
背景:医学课程中的营养教育仍然不足,尽管它在患者治疗中发挥着重要作用。目的:我们评估住院医师对医院营养不良的兴趣,他们对解决这一问题的自我认知能力,以及他们对基本营养主题的了解。方法:这项多中心横断面研究包括来自巴西贝洛奥里藏特九家医院的住院医师。参与者完成了一份关于医院营养不良的结构化问卷,包括人口统计、自我认知知识、兴趣和客观知识。描述性分析包括中位数、四分位数范围和频率分布。采用比较和图形分析来探讨与营养评估和护理相关的知识、兴趣和感知困难。结果:共有100名住院医师参与研究。其中,61.7%的人估计,在医学院学习期间,“营养或营养不良”的学习时间少于一个学期。尽管如此,大多数居民认为“住院患者的营养评估”非常重要(平均得分为9.6)。然而,73%的人报告难以识别有营养风险的患者,57%的人不熟悉营养评估技术。此外,61%的人无法制定营养治疗计划。外科专科的住院医师更难识别高危患者(93.6%对75.4%,P = 0.032)。新居民对了解营养评估技术的不安全感更高(74.0%比51.8%,P = 0.035)。平均营养知识得分较低(6.02±1.41)。结论:巴西的住院医师对医院营养不良表现出高度的兴趣,但他们中的大多数人报告说,他们对营养不良患者的识别、诊断和计划治疗还没有做好准备。这突出了在医学院和研究生培训期间营养教育的不足。
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引用次数: 0
From the incoming Editor-in-Chief 来自即将上任的总编。
IF 3 3区 医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2025-10-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2025.112978
Maria Isabel Toulson Davisson Correia MD, PhD, FACS, FASPEN
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引用次数: 0
Efficacy of Mediterranean diet for the prevention of neurological diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis featured in the Italian National Guidelines “La Dieta Mediterranea” 地中海饮食预防神经系统疾病的功效:意大利国家指南“地中海饮食”的系统回顾和荟萃分析。
IF 3 3区 医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2025-10-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2025.112990
Giovanni Zuliani M.D., Ph.D. , Vincenza Gianfredi M.D., Ph.D. , Nicola Veronese M.D. , Massimo Volpe M.D. , Stefania Maggi M.D. , Graziano Onder M.D., Ph.D. , Marco Silano M.D. , Daniele Nucci R.D. , Michela Zanetti M.D., Ph.D. , Alberto Benussi M.D. , Marianna Ilarj Burgio M.D. , Maurizio Fadda R.D. , Paola Guindani M.D. , Sara Sollai M.D. , Emanuele Cereda M.D. , Paolo Caffarra M.D.

Background

Neurological diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, depression, and Parkinson’s disease, pose a growing public health challenge. Dietary patterns, particularly the Mediterranean diet (MD), have been proposed as modifiable factors for prevention. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the association between adherence to the MD and the risk or progression of neurological conditions.

Methods

This review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA 2020 and MOOSE guidelines. A comprehensive search of PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane Library was performed up to February 28, 2024. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale, and the certainty of evidence was evaluated with the NUTRIGRADE approach. Pooled effect sizes were computed using a random-effects model and expressed as risk ratios (RR), hazard ratios, or odds ratios, as appropriate.

Results

Forty-five studies involving over 730 000 participants were included. Higher MD adherence was associated with reduced risk or prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease (odds ratios = 0.92), mild cognitive impairment (RR = 0.93), depression (RR = 0.96), and Parkinson’s disease (RR = 0.90), with moderate certainty of evidence. Limited evidence suggested reduced anxiety and lower mortality among patients with Alzheimer’s disease. No significant associations were observed for dementia prevalence or progression from mild cognitive impairment to dementia.

Conclusions

Greater adherence to the MD is consistently associated with a lower risk of several neurological and mental health conditions. These findings support the promotion of MD-based dietary patterns in clinical and public health strategies to prevent cognitive decline and enhance healthy aging.
背景:神经系统疾病,包括阿尔茨海默病、抑郁症和帕金森病,构成了越来越大的公共卫生挑战。饮食模式,特别是地中海饮食(MD),被认为是预防的可改变因素。本系统综述和荟萃分析的目的是评估坚持MD与神经系统疾病风险或进展之间的关系。方法:本综述按照PRISMA 2020和MOOSE指南进行。全面检索PubMed/MEDLINE、Scopus、Embase和Cochrane Library,检索截止到2024年2月28日。使用纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表评估研究质量,并使用NUTRIGRADE方法评估证据的确定性。使用随机效应模型计算汇总效应大小,并酌情表示为风险比(RR)、风险比或优势比。结果:纳入了45项研究,涉及超过73万名参与者。较高的MD依从性与阿尔茨海默病(优势比= 0.92)、轻度认知障碍(RR = 0.93)、抑郁症(RR = 0.96)和帕金森病(RR = 0.90)的风险或患病率降低相关,证据确定性中等。有限的证据表明,阿尔茨海默病患者的焦虑减少,死亡率降低。没有观察到痴呆的患病率或从轻度认知障碍到痴呆的进展有显著的关联。结论:更强的MD依从性始终与几种神经和精神健康状况的较低风险相关。这些发现支持在临床和公共卫生策略中推广基于md的饮食模式,以防止认知能力下降并促进健康老龄化。
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引用次数: 0
Association between caloric and macronutrient intake and the psychomotor performance of military police officers working shifts 热量和常量营养素摄入与当班军警心理运动表现的关系。
IF 3 3区 医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2025-10-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2025.112989
Angela Silva de Almeida Brito M.Sc., Janielly Vilela dos Santos Gonçalves M.Sc., Gilcilene Oliveira Gadelha Ph.D., Suleima Pedroza Vasconcelos Ph.D.

Introduction

Psychomotor performance is critical for professionals with high cognitive demands, such as police officers. Nutritional factors have been suggested to influence attention and reaction time. This study aimed to assess the association between caloric and macronutrient intake and psychomotor performance in shift-working police officers.

Methods

This cross-sectional study included 22 military police officers from Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil. Dietary intake was assessed using 24-hour dietary recalls, and psychomotor performance was measured with the Psychomotor Vigilance Test (PVT). Spearman correlation coefficients were calculated between caloric and macronutrient intake and psychomotor performance variables: mean reaction time (MRT) and number of attention lapses (NL).

Results

During the day shift, significant positive correlations were found between caloric intake and NL (r = 0.630; P = 0.004) and MRT (r = 0.565; P = 0.012), as well as between protein intake and NL/MRT at shift start (r = 0.543; P = 0.016 / r = 0.600; P = 0.007) and shift end (r = 0.529; P = 0.020 / r = 0.544; P = 0.016). Although psychomotor performance declined during night shifts, no significant correlations were observed between performance and caloric or macronutrient intake during these shifts.

Conclusions

Higher caloric and protein intake was associated with poorer psychomotor vigilance performance during day shifts. No significant associations were detected between performance parameters and intake of other macronutrients.
心理运动表现对于具有高认知要求的专业人员,如警察来说是至关重要的。营养因素被认为会影响注意力和反应时间。本研究旨在评估倒班警察的热量和常量营养素摄入与精神运动表现之间的关系。方法:本横断面研究包括22名来自巴西阿克里巴布兰科的宪兵。通过24小时饮食回顾评估饮食摄入量,并通过精神运动警觉性测试(PVT)测量精神运动表现。计算热量和常量营养素摄入与精神运动表现变量:平均反应时间(MRT)和注意力缺失次数(NL)之间的Spearman相关系数。结果:白班时,热量摄入与NL (r = 0.630; P = 0.004)、MRT (r = 0.565; P = 0.012)、蛋白质摄入与NL/MRT (r = 0.543; P = 0.016 / r = 0.600; P = 0.007)、轮班结束(r = 0.529; P = 0.020 / r = 0.544; P = 0.016)呈正相关。尽管精神运动表现在夜班期间有所下降,但在夜班期间的表现与热量或常量营养素摄入之间没有显著的相关性。结论:较高的热量和蛋白质摄入与白班期间较差的精神运动警觉性表现有关。在性能参数和其他常量营养素的摄入量之间没有发现显著的关联。
{"title":"Association between caloric and macronutrient intake and the psychomotor performance of military police officers working shifts","authors":"Angela Silva de Almeida Brito M.Sc.,&nbsp;Janielly Vilela dos Santos Gonçalves M.Sc.,&nbsp;Gilcilene Oliveira Gadelha Ph.D.,&nbsp;Suleima Pedroza Vasconcelos Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112989","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112989","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Psychomotor performance is critical for professionals with high cognitive demands, such as police officers. Nutritional factors have been suggested to influence attention and reaction time. This study aimed to assess the association between caloric and macronutrient intake and psychomotor performance in shift-working police officers.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This cross-sectional study included 22 military police officers from Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil. Dietary intake was assessed using 24-hour dietary recalls, and psychomotor performance was measured with the Psychomotor Vigilance Test (PVT). Spearman correlation coefficients were calculated between caloric and macronutrient intake and psychomotor performance variables: mean reaction time (MRT) and number of attention lapses (NL).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>During the day shift, significant positive correlations were found between caloric intake and NL (r = 0.630; <em>P = 0.</em>004) and MRT (r = 0.565; <em>P = 0.</em>012), as well as between protein intake and NL/MRT at shift start (r = 0.543; <em>P = 0.</em>016 / r = 0.600; <em>P = 0.</em>007) and shift end (r = 0.529; <em>P = 0.</em>020 / r = 0.544; <em>P = 0.</em>016). Although psychomotor performance declined during night shifts, no significant correlations were observed between performance and caloric or macronutrient intake during these shifts.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Higher caloric and protein intake was associated with poorer psychomotor vigilance performance during day shifts. No significant associations were detected between performance parameters and intake of other macronutrients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 112989"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145550044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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Nutrition
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