Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Repercussions of racial, gender, and class inequities on food and nutrition conditions: Implications for public health","authors":"Tatiana Palotta Minari Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112995","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112995","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Food and nutrition are shaped by power structures that perpetuate historical injustices. In marginalized and low-income contexts, racial, gender, and class inequities restrict access to adequate and culturally appropriate food, with serious public health impacts. These disparities are reinforced by colonial legacies, institutional racism, gender oppression, and neoliberal policies that commodify nourishment and erase traditional knowledge. This study examines how these intersecting oppressions shape global nutrition inequities and proposes transformative, justice-oriented approaches in public health.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A critical review was conducted using an intersectional and decolonial framework informed by public health, sociology, feminist theory, and Southern epistemologies. Articles published between 2010 and 2025 were retrieved from Scopus, PubMed, SciELO, and Web of Science. A total of 46 studies of varying methodological designs were included in the final analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Racialized poverty and structural racism are central drivers of food insecurity. Gendered care burdens and the feminization of food-related labor disproportionately affect marginalized women. Traditional and community-based food knowledge is often excluded from policy frameworks. Transgender and gender-diverse populations remain largely invisible in nutrition research. Obesity, malnutrition, and social inequality form a syndemic relationship, exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic and the fragility of social protection systems.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Recognizing food as a political and relational right is essential to advance social justice, epistemic diversity, and emancipatory futures. The findings underscore the urgency of transforming public health paradigms to confront structural determinants of malnutrition and obesity, promote food sovereignty, and center marginalized communities as co-creators of dignified and sustainable food systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 112995"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145550169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simple muscle assessment improves GLIM-based malnutrition detection and prognostic stratification in hospitalized patients:A nationwide study","authors":"Kaijia Zhao M.M. ,&nbsp;Yan Liu Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Cheng Wang Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Xiameng He M.M. ,&nbsp;Lan Lan Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Pengfei Li Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Wei Chen Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Shuyan Guo M.S. ,&nbsp;Zengning Li Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112992","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112992","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Malnutrition in hospitalized patients is prevalent and associated with adverse clinical outcomes. However, the widely used Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS-2002) often overlooks a substantial proportion of patients who meet the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria for malnutrition, leading to delayed nutritional intervention. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the characteristic of these overlooked patients and explore a more scientific screening strategy.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study analyzed data from the China Nutrition Basic Data 2022 (CNBD 2022) project, a nationwide, multicenter observational study. NRS-2002 and the GLIM criteria were performed for all patients. An Enhanced Screening strategy (ESS) which supplemented NRS-2002 with handgrip strength (HGS) and calf circumference (CC) for NRS-2002 negatives was evaluated. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and Kappa value of NRS-2002 and ESS against the GLIM criteria were compared. Logistic regression was used to assess associations between NRS-2002 (or ESS) /GLIM combinations and clinical outcomes (including length of hospital stay (LOS) and 30-day mortality).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 51672 patients were included. Among the 8776 malnourished patients overlooked by NRS-2002, 83.4% presented with phenotypes involving low muscle mass. ESS improved screening sensitivity from 54.9% to 73.6%. Compared to the reference group of patients negative by both NRS-2002 and GLIM criteria [NRS-2002(-)/GLIM(-)], the subgroup ESS(+)/GLIM(-) showed a significantly increased risk of LOS&gt; mean (adjusted OR = 1.361). This risk was also higher than that of patients ESS(-)/GLIM(+) (adjusted OR = 1.124).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The limited sensitivity of NRS-2002 for GLIM-defined malnutrition was mainly due to its lack of direct muscle assessment. For patients with NRS-2002 scores&lt;3, integrating simple muscle assessment could significantly improve screening sensitivity and prognostic stratification in adult inpatients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 112992"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145588362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fad dieting and psychological well-being","authors":"Jacob Burmeister PhD,&nbsp;Allison Kiefner Burmeister PhD,&nbsp;London Moening OTD,&nbsp;Olivia Koenig OTD","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112996","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112996","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Fad diets--the popularity of which is often spread through social media--promise unrealistic weight loss with unrealistically easily employed methods in short periods of time. Many such diets are known to carry risks from a purely nutritional perspective (e.g., juice diet, grapefruit only diet) and overly restrictive diets are also suspected to be a risk factor for psychological well-being.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data was collected from 584 respondents. To our knowledge, the current study is one of the first of its kind to explore the extent to which fad dieting is in fact associated with psychological well-being.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We found that participants who engaged more with fad diets were at greater risk of depression (<em>t</em>[580] = −2.25, <em>P</em> = 0.025), body shame (<em>t</em>[580] = −2.67, <em>P</em> = 0.008), and disordered eating behaviors (<em>t</em>[580] = −2.73, <em>P</em> = 0.006). Despite the popular notion that women are the majority of dieters, women and men were equally likely to engage with fad diets (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our findings suggest an association between fad dieting and deleterious outcomes. Future research into causal relationships is recommended.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 112996"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145588344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A mixed-methods study of parental adherence to the food safety authority of Ireland's vitamin D supplementation policy and food-based recommendations for iron in 1-to-5-year-olds","authors":"Omid Eslami Ph.D.,&nbsp;Geraldine J. Cuskelly Ph.D.,&nbsp;Mairéad Cantwell Ph.D.,&nbsp;Áine O'Connor Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112997","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112997","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The aim of the present study was to assess parental adherence to the Food Safety Authority of Ireland (FSAI)'s vitamin D supplementation policy (5 μg/d from late October to mid-March) and food-based recommendations for iron (iron-fortified breakfast cereals for at least 5 days per week, and red meat for 3 days per week) in young children aged 1–5 years.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This was an online, concurrent, mixed-methods study in which 185 parents completed a questionnaire to assess their awareness of attitudes toward, and adherence to the FSAI recommendations (Quantitative component). Furthermore, semi-structured interviews with 15 parents from the quantitative component were conducted to investigate barriers and facilitators of guideline adherence (Qualitative component).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Adherence rates to the recommendations for vitamin D supplementation, red meat, and iron-fortified breakfast cereals were at 20.5%, 21.6%, and 31.9%, respectively. Thematic analysis of qualitative interviews identified five themes: 1) perceptions of healthy eating; 2) impact of the community food environment on the accessibility of the recommended items; 3) the interplay between family members' dietary preferences and meal choices within the familial food setting; 4) convenience in food preparation and supplement use; and 5) gaps in communicating guidelines and opportunities to promote them.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Overall, the poor guideline uptake reported in this study may be attributed to multiple factors within different levels of the socio-ecological environment, including intrapersonal, interpersonal, community/organizations, and public policy. Thus, implementing holistic, multicomponent public health programs could be a potential strategy to improve parental guideline adherence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 112997"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145564428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feeding practice and its association with nutritional status of infants aged 0–6 months in Endumeni sub-district, South Africa","authors":"Thomson Khosa ,&nbsp;Lizeka Napoles ,&nbsp;Beulah Pretorius","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112993","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112993","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Inappropriate infant feeding practices contribute significantly to malnutrition, which underlies approximately 54% of global infant mortality. This study examined feeding practices and their association with nutritional status among infants aged 0–6 months attending well-baby clinics in Endumeni, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.</div></div><div><h3>Methodology</h3><div>A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2023 involving 329 mothers or primary caregivers (aged 18–40 years) of infants aged 0–6 months from nine clinics. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed using Stata. Associations between feeding practices and infant nutritional status were assessed using Chi-square tests.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among the infants, 49.9% were male and 50.1% female. Most (49.5%) were between 1–4 months old. Breastfeeding was reported in 72.0% of infants, with 36.8% exclusively breastfed. Formula feeding occurred in 28.0% (22.7% exclusively and 5.3% mixed-fed). Among those introduced to complementary feeding, common first foods included soft porridge (39.5%), commercial baby foods (10.9%), and water (3.0%). Nutritional assessments indicated that 59.3% had normal weight-for-age, while 26.8% were overweight, 4.6% obese, 4.6% underweight, and 4.3% severely underweight. A significant association was found between feeding practices and nutritional status (<em>P &lt; 0.</em>05). Notably, 82.6% of breastfed infants had normal weight, whereas non-breastfed infants were overrepresented in both undernutrition and overweight categories.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Breastfeeding was positively associated with optimal anthropometric outcomes in early infancy, suggesting a protective effect against both under- and overnutrition. Strengthening caregiver education and breastfeeding support should be prioritized in infant nutrition interventions and policy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 112993"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145569210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary inflammatory potential estimated by three metrics and their association with systemic low-grade inflammation in younger and older adults","authors":"Letícia do Nascimento Maximiano Ferreira M.Sc. ,&nbsp;Marina Maintinguer Norde Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Raquel Arriola Aguirre M.Sc. ,&nbsp;João Valentini Neto Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Regina Mara Fisberg Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Flavia Mori Sarti Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Edward Giovannucci Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Marcelo Macedo Rogero Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112994","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112994","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Inflammatory dietary indices and dietary quality indices are frequently applied to investigate the inflammatory potential of diets. However, their relative ability to explain plasma inflammatory biomarker concentrations remains unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To compare the effectiveness of the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII), the Empirical Dietary Inflammatory Pattern adapted to the São Paulo population (EDIP-SP), and the Global Diet Quality Score (GDQS) in explaining plasma inflammatory biomarker concentrations.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional population-based study was conducted with 501 participants from the 2015 Health Survey of São Paulo. Dietary data were assessed through two nonconsecutive 24-h dietary recalls, and the DII, EDIP-SP, and GDQS were scored. Plasma concentrations of high-sensitive C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and adiponectin were determined. Multivariable-adjusted linear regression models were used to investigate the associations between dietary indices and inflammatory biomarkers. Model fit was compared using the coefficient of determination and the Akaike Information Criterion.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The EDIP-SP was positively associated with plasma CRP concentrations in the multivariable analysis adjusted for body mass index. The DII showed an effect modification by sex in association with plasma CRP concentrations. The GDQS submetric composed of healthy food groups was inversely associated with CRP and positively associated with adiponectin concentrations. No significant associations were observed between dietary index scores and plasma TNF-α. No substantial differences in model fit were observed among the dietary indices for explaining plasma inflammatory biomarker concentrations, except for CRP, which presented a higher percentage of variance explained by EDIP-SP.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The EDIP-SP and DII explained plasma inflammatory biomarker concentrations more consistently than the GDQS, indicating that dietary inflammatory indices were more effective for capturing systemic low-grade inflammation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 112994"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145557454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-perceived skills in the diagnosis of hospital malnutrition, medical knowledge, and interest in nutrition: A cross-sectional study of medical residency programs","authors":"Eduardo Lucio Bittencourt Cabral M.Sc. ,&nbsp;Ana Luiza Moraes dos Santos Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Laura Santos Ferracioli ,&nbsp;Maria Aparecida Turci Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Maria Isabel Toulson Davisson Correia Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112991","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112991","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Nutrition education remains insufficient in medical curricula, despite its essential role in patient treatment.</div></div><div><h3>Aims</h3><div>We assessed resident physicians' interest in hospital malnutrition, their self-perceived ability to address it, and their knowledge of basic nutrition topics.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This multicenter cross-sectional study included medical residents from nine hospitals in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Participants completed a structured questionnaire on hospital malnutrition, covering demographics, self-perceived knowledge, interest, and objective knowledge. Descriptive analyses included medians, interquartile ranges, and frequency distributions. Comparative and graphical analyses were used to explore knowledge, interest, and perceived difficulties related to nutritional assessment and care.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 100 resident physicians participated in the study. Among them, 61.7% estimated that \"Nutrition or Malnutrition\" was covered in less than one academic period during medical school. Despite this, most residents rated the \"nutritional assessment of hospitalized patients\" as highly important (average score of 9.6). However, 73% reported difficulty in recognizing patients at nutritional risk, and 57% were unfamiliar with nutritional assessment techniques. Additionally, 61% were unable to develop nutritional therapeutic plans. Residents in surgical specialties had more difficulty identifying at-risk patients (93.6% versus 75.4%, <em>P</em> = 0.032). New residents felt more insecure about knowing nutritional assessment techniques (74.0% versus 51.8%, <em>P</em> = 0.035). The average nutrition knowledge score was low (6.02 ± 1.41).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Resident physicians from Brazil demonstrated a high level of interest in hospital malnutrition but most of them reported being unprepared to recognize, diagnose, and plan treatment for malnourished patients. This highlights the inadequacy of nutrition education during both medical school and postgraduate training.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 112991"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145564456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From the incoming Editor-in-Chief","authors":"Maria Isabel Toulson Davisson Correia MD, PhD, FACS, FASPEN","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112978","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112978","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 112978"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145471619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Mediterranean diet for the prevention of neurological diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis featured in the Italian National Guidelines “La Dieta Mediterranea”","authors":"Giovanni Zuliani M.D., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Vincenza Gianfredi M.D., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Nicola Veronese M.D. ,&nbsp;Massimo Volpe M.D. ,&nbsp;Stefania Maggi M.D. ,&nbsp;Graziano Onder M.D., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Marco Silano M.D. ,&nbsp;Daniele Nucci R.D. ,&nbsp;Michela Zanetti M.D., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Alberto Benussi M.D. ,&nbsp;Marianna Ilarj Burgio M.D. ,&nbsp;Maurizio Fadda R.D. ,&nbsp;Paola Guindani M.D. ,&nbsp;Sara Sollai M.D. ,&nbsp;Emanuele Cereda M.D. ,&nbsp;Paolo Caffarra M.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112990","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112990","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Neurological diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, depression, and Parkinson’s disease, pose a growing public health challenge. Dietary patterns, particularly the Mediterranean diet (MD), have been proposed as modifiable factors for prevention. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the association between adherence to the MD and the risk or progression of neurological conditions.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA 2020 and MOOSE guidelines. A comprehensive search of PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane Library was performed up to February 28, 2024. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale, and the certainty of evidence was evaluated with the NUTRIGRADE approach. Pooled effect sizes were computed using a random-effects model and expressed as risk ratios (RR), hazard ratios, or odds ratios, as appropriate.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Forty-five studies involving over 730 000 participants were included. Higher MD adherence was associated with reduced risk or prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease (odds ratios = 0.92), mild cognitive impairment (RR = 0.93), depression (RR = 0.96), and Parkinson’s disease (RR = 0.90), with moderate certainty of evidence. Limited evidence suggested reduced anxiety and lower mortality among patients with Alzheimer’s disease. No significant associations were observed for dementia prevalence or progression from mild cognitive impairment to dementia.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Greater adherence to the MD is consistently associated with a lower risk of several neurological and mental health conditions. These findings support the promotion of MD-based dietary patterns in clinical and public health strategies to prevent cognitive decline and enhance healthy aging.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 112990"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145557448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between caloric and macronutrient intake and the psychomotor performance of military police officers working shifts","authors":"Angela Silva de Almeida Brito M.Sc.,&nbsp;Janielly Vilela dos Santos Gonçalves M.Sc.,&nbsp;Gilcilene Oliveira Gadelha Ph.D.,&nbsp;Suleima Pedroza Vasconcelos Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112989","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112989","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Psychomotor performance is critical for professionals with high cognitive demands, such as police officers. Nutritional factors have been suggested to influence attention and reaction time. This study aimed to assess the association between caloric and macronutrient intake and psychomotor performance in shift-working police officers.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This cross-sectional study included 22 military police officers from Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil. Dietary intake was assessed using 24-hour dietary recalls, and psychomotor performance was measured with the Psychomotor Vigilance Test (PVT). Spearman correlation coefficients were calculated between caloric and macronutrient intake and psychomotor performance variables: mean reaction time (MRT) and number of attention lapses (NL).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>During the day shift, significant positive correlations were found between caloric intake and NL (r = 0.630; <em>P = 0.</em>004) and MRT (r = 0.565; <em>P = 0.</em>012), as well as between protein intake and NL/MRT at shift start (r = 0.543; <em>P = 0.</em>016 / r = 0.600; <em>P = 0.</em>007) and shift end (r = 0.529; <em>P = 0.</em>020 / r = 0.544; <em>P = 0.</em>016). Although psychomotor performance declined during night shifts, no significant correlations were observed between performance and caloric or macronutrient intake during these shifts.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Higher caloric and protein intake was associated with poorer psychomotor vigilance performance during day shifts. No significant associations were detected between performance parameters and intake of other macronutrients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 112989"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145550044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}