Pub Date : 2025-10-23DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2025.112996
Jacob Burmeister PhD, Allison Kiefner Burmeister PhD, London Moening OTD, Olivia Koenig OTD
Background
Fad diets--the popularity of which is often spread through social media--promise unrealistic weight loss with unrealistically easily employed methods in short periods of time. Many such diets are known to carry risks from a purely nutritional perspective (e.g., juice diet, grapefruit only diet) and overly restrictive diets are also suspected to be a risk factor for psychological well-being.
Methods
Data was collected from 584 respondents. To our knowledge, the current study is one of the first of its kind to explore the extent to which fad dieting is in fact associated with psychological well-being.
Results
We found that participants who engaged more with fad diets were at greater risk of depression (t[580] = −2.25, P = 0.025), body shame (t[580] = −2.67, P = 0.008), and disordered eating behaviors (t[580] = −2.73, P = 0.006). Despite the popular notion that women are the majority of dieters, women and men were equally likely to engage with fad diets (P > 0.05).
Conclusions
Our findings suggest an association between fad dieting and deleterious outcomes. Future research into causal relationships is recommended.
背景：流行的减肥法——经常通过社交媒体传播——承诺在短时间内用不切实际的容易使用的方法实现不切实际的减肥。从纯粹的营养角度来看，许多这样的饮食都是有风险的（例如，果汁饮食，葡萄柚饮食），过度限制的饮食也被怀疑是心理健康的风险因素。方法：收集调查对象584人的资料。据我们所知，目前的研究是同类研究中首次探索时尚节食在多大程度上与心理健康有关。结果：我们发现，更多参与时尚饮食的参与者患抑郁症（t[580] = -2.25, P = 0.025）、身体羞耻（t[580] = -2.67, P = 0.008）和饮食行为紊乱（t[580] = -2.73, P = 0.006）的风险更高。尽管人们普遍认为女性在节食者中占多数，但女性和男性参与流行节食的可能性是一样的（P > 0.05）。结论：我们的研究结果表明，时尚节食与有害结果之间存在关联。建议未来对因果关系进行研究。
{"title":"Fad dieting and psychological well-being","authors":"Jacob Burmeister PhD, Allison Kiefner Burmeister PhD, London Moening OTD, Olivia Koenig OTD","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112996","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112996","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Fad diets--the popularity of which is often spread through social media--promise unrealistic weight loss with unrealistically easily employed methods in short periods of time. Many such diets are known to carry risks from a purely nutritional perspective (e.g., juice diet, grapefruit only diet) and overly restrictive diets are also suspected to be a risk factor for psychological well-being.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data was collected from 584 respondents. To our knowledge, the current study is one of the first of its kind to explore the extent to which fad dieting is in fact associated with psychological well-being.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We found that participants who engaged more with fad diets were at greater risk of depression (<em>t</em>[580] = −2.25, <em>P</em> = 0.025), body shame (<em>t</em>[580] = −2.67, <em>P</em> = 0.008), and disordered eating behaviors (<em>t</em>[580] = −2.73, <em>P</em> = 0.006). Despite the popular notion that women are the majority of dieters, women and men were equally likely to engage with fad diets (<em>P</em> > 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our findings suggest an association between fad dieting and deleterious outcomes. Future research into causal relationships is recommended.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 112996"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145588344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of the present study was to assess parental adherence to the Food Safety Authority of Ireland (FSAI)'s vitamin D supplementation policy (5 μg/d from late October to mid-March) and food-based recommendations for iron (iron-fortified breakfast cereals for at least 5 days per week, and red meat for 3 days per week) in young children aged 1–5 years.
Methods
This was an online, concurrent, mixed-methods study in which 185 parents completed a questionnaire to assess their awareness of attitudes toward, and adherence to the FSAI recommendations (Quantitative component). Furthermore, semi-structured interviews with 15 parents from the quantitative component were conducted to investigate barriers and facilitators of guideline adherence (Qualitative component).
Results
Adherence rates to the recommendations for vitamin D supplementation, red meat, and iron-fortified breakfast cereals were at 20.5%, 21.6%, and 31.9%, respectively. Thematic analysis of qualitative interviews identified five themes: 1) perceptions of healthy eating; 2) impact of the community food environment on the accessibility of the recommended items; 3) the interplay between family members' dietary preferences and meal choices within the familial food setting; 4) convenience in food preparation and supplement use; and 5) gaps in communicating guidelines and opportunities to promote them.
Conclusions
Overall, the poor guideline uptake reported in this study may be attributed to multiple factors within different levels of the socio-ecological environment, including intrapersonal, interpersonal, community/organizations, and public policy. Thus, implementing holistic, multicomponent public health programs could be a potential strategy to improve parental guideline adherence.
{"title":"A mixed-methods study of parental adherence to the food safety authority of Ireland's vitamin D supplementation policy and food-based recommendations for iron in 1-to-5-year-olds","authors":"Omid Eslami Ph.D., Geraldine J. Cuskelly Ph.D., Mairéad Cantwell Ph.D., Áine O'Connor Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112997","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112997","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The aim of the present study was to assess parental adherence to the Food Safety Authority of Ireland (FSAI)'s vitamin D supplementation policy (5 μg/d from late October to mid-March) and food-based recommendations for iron (iron-fortified breakfast cereals for at least 5 days per week, and red meat for 3 days per week) in young children aged 1–5 years.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This was an online, concurrent, mixed-methods study in which 185 parents completed a questionnaire to assess their awareness of attitudes toward, and adherence to the FSAI recommendations (Quantitative component). Furthermore, semi-structured interviews with 15 parents from the quantitative component were conducted to investigate barriers and facilitators of guideline adherence (Qualitative component).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Adherence rates to the recommendations for vitamin D supplementation, red meat, and iron-fortified breakfast cereals were at 20.5%, 21.6%, and 31.9%, respectively. Thematic analysis of qualitative interviews identified five themes: 1) perceptions of healthy eating; 2) impact of the community food environment on the accessibility of the recommended items; 3) the interplay between family members' dietary preferences and meal choices within the familial food setting; 4) convenience in food preparation and supplement use; and 5) gaps in communicating guidelines and opportunities to promote them.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Overall, the poor guideline uptake reported in this study may be attributed to multiple factors within different levels of the socio-ecological environment, including intrapersonal, interpersonal, community/organizations, and public policy. Thus, implementing holistic, multicomponent public health programs could be a potential strategy to improve parental guideline adherence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 112997"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145564428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-22DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2025.112993
Thomson Khosa , Lizeka Napoles , Beulah Pretorius
Background
Inappropriate infant feeding practices contribute significantly to malnutrition, which underlies approximately 54% of global infant mortality. This study examined feeding practices and their association with nutritional status among infants aged 0–6 months attending well-baby clinics in Endumeni, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
Methodology
A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2023 involving 329 mothers or primary caregivers (aged 18–40 years) of infants aged 0–6 months from nine clinics. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed using Stata. Associations between feeding practices and infant nutritional status were assessed using Chi-square tests.
Results
Among the infants, 49.9% were male and 50.1% female. Most (49.5%) were between 1–4 months old. Breastfeeding was reported in 72.0% of infants, with 36.8% exclusively breastfed. Formula feeding occurred in 28.0% (22.7% exclusively and 5.3% mixed-fed). Among those introduced to complementary feeding, common first foods included soft porridge (39.5%), commercial baby foods (10.9%), and water (3.0%). Nutritional assessments indicated that 59.3% had normal weight-for-age, while 26.8% were overweight, 4.6% obese, 4.6% underweight, and 4.3% severely underweight. A significant association was found between feeding practices and nutritional status (P < 0.05). Notably, 82.6% of breastfed infants had normal weight, whereas non-breastfed infants were overrepresented in both undernutrition and overweight categories.
Conclusion
Breastfeeding was positively associated with optimal anthropometric outcomes in early infancy, suggesting a protective effect against both under- and overnutrition. Strengthening caregiver education and breastfeeding support should be prioritized in infant nutrition interventions and policy.
{"title":"Feeding practice and its association with nutritional status of infants aged 0–6 months in Endumeni sub-district, South Africa","authors":"Thomson Khosa , Lizeka Napoles , Beulah Pretorius","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112993","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112993","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Inappropriate infant feeding practices contribute significantly to malnutrition, which underlies approximately 54% of global infant mortality. This study examined feeding practices and their association with nutritional status among infants aged 0–6 months attending well-baby clinics in Endumeni, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.</div></div><div><h3>Methodology</h3><div>A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2023 involving 329 mothers or primary caregivers (aged 18–40 years) of infants aged 0–6 months from nine clinics. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed using Stata. Associations between feeding practices and infant nutritional status were assessed using Chi-square tests.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among the infants, 49.9% were male and 50.1% female. Most (49.5%) were between 1–4 months old. Breastfeeding was reported in 72.0% of infants, with 36.8% exclusively breastfed. Formula feeding occurred in 28.0% (22.7% exclusively and 5.3% mixed-fed). Among those introduced to complementary feeding, common first foods included soft porridge (39.5%), commercial baby foods (10.9%), and water (3.0%). Nutritional assessments indicated that 59.3% had normal weight-for-age, while 26.8% were overweight, 4.6% obese, 4.6% underweight, and 4.3% severely underweight. A significant association was found between feeding practices and nutritional status (<em>P < 0.</em>05). Notably, 82.6% of breastfed infants had normal weight, whereas non-breastfed infants were overrepresented in both undernutrition and overweight categories.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Breastfeeding was positively associated with optimal anthropometric outcomes in early infancy, suggesting a protective effect against both under- and overnutrition. Strengthening caregiver education and breastfeeding support should be prioritized in infant nutrition interventions and policy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 112993"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145569210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-20DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2025.112994
Letícia do Nascimento Maximiano Ferreira M.Sc. , Marina Maintinguer Norde Ph.D. , Raquel Arriola Aguirre M.Sc. , João Valentini Neto Ph.D. , Regina Mara Fisberg Ph.D. , Flavia Mori Sarti Ph.D. , Edward Giovannucci Ph.D. , Marcelo Macedo Rogero Ph.D.
Introduction
Inflammatory dietary indices and dietary quality indices are frequently applied to investigate the inflammatory potential of diets. However, their relative ability to explain plasma inflammatory biomarker concentrations remains unclear.
Objective
To compare the effectiveness of the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII), the Empirical Dietary Inflammatory Pattern adapted to the São Paulo population (EDIP-SP), and the Global Diet Quality Score (GDQS) in explaining plasma inflammatory biomarker concentrations.
Methods
A cross-sectional population-based study was conducted with 501 participants from the 2015 Health Survey of São Paulo. Dietary data were assessed through two nonconsecutive 24-h dietary recalls, and the DII, EDIP-SP, and GDQS were scored. Plasma concentrations of high-sensitive C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and adiponectin were determined. Multivariable-adjusted linear regression models were used to investigate the associations between dietary indices and inflammatory biomarkers. Model fit was compared using the coefficient of determination and the Akaike Information Criterion.
Results
The EDIP-SP was positively associated with plasma CRP concentrations in the multivariable analysis adjusted for body mass index. The DII showed an effect modification by sex in association with plasma CRP concentrations. The GDQS submetric composed of healthy food groups was inversely associated with CRP and positively associated with adiponectin concentrations. No significant associations were observed between dietary index scores and plasma TNF-α. No substantial differences in model fit were observed among the dietary indices for explaining plasma inflammatory biomarker concentrations, except for CRP, which presented a higher percentage of variance explained by EDIP-SP.
Conclusion
The EDIP-SP and DII explained plasma inflammatory biomarker concentrations more consistently than the GDQS, indicating that dietary inflammatory indices were more effective for capturing systemic low-grade inflammation.
{"title":"Dietary inflammatory potential estimated by three metrics and their association with systemic low-grade inflammation in younger and older adults","authors":"Letícia do Nascimento Maximiano Ferreira M.Sc. , Marina Maintinguer Norde Ph.D. , Raquel Arriola Aguirre M.Sc. , João Valentini Neto Ph.D. , Regina Mara Fisberg Ph.D. , Flavia Mori Sarti Ph.D. , Edward Giovannucci Ph.D. , Marcelo Macedo Rogero Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112994","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112994","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Inflammatory dietary indices and dietary quality indices are frequently applied to investigate the inflammatory potential of diets. However, their relative ability to explain plasma inflammatory biomarker concentrations remains unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To compare the effectiveness of the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII), the Empirical Dietary Inflammatory Pattern adapted to the São Paulo population (EDIP-SP), and the Global Diet Quality Score (GDQS) in explaining plasma inflammatory biomarker concentrations.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional population-based study was conducted with 501 participants from the 2015 Health Survey of São Paulo. Dietary data were assessed through two nonconsecutive 24-h dietary recalls, and the DII, EDIP-SP, and GDQS were scored. Plasma concentrations of high-sensitive C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and adiponectin were determined. Multivariable-adjusted linear regression models were used to investigate the associations between dietary indices and inflammatory biomarkers. Model fit was compared using the coefficient of determination and the Akaike Information Criterion.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The EDIP-SP was positively associated with plasma CRP concentrations in the multivariable analysis adjusted for body mass index. The DII showed an effect modification by sex in association with plasma CRP concentrations. The GDQS submetric composed of healthy food groups was inversely associated with CRP and positively associated with adiponectin concentrations. No significant associations were observed between dietary index scores and plasma TNF-α. No substantial differences in model fit were observed among the dietary indices for explaining plasma inflammatory biomarker concentrations, except for CRP, which presented a higher percentage of variance explained by EDIP-SP.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The EDIP-SP and DII explained plasma inflammatory biomarker concentrations more consistently than the GDQS, indicating that dietary inflammatory indices were more effective for capturing systemic low-grade inflammation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 112994"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145557454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-15DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2025.112991
Eduardo Lucio Bittencourt Cabral M.Sc. , Ana Luiza Moraes dos Santos Ph.D. , Laura Santos Ferracioli , Maria Aparecida Turci Ph.D. , Maria Isabel Toulson Davisson Correia Ph.D.
Background
Nutrition education remains insufficient in medical curricula, despite its essential role in patient treatment.
Aims
We assessed resident physicians' interest in hospital malnutrition, their self-perceived ability to address it, and their knowledge of basic nutrition topics.
Methods
This multicenter cross-sectional study included medical residents from nine hospitals in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Participants completed a structured questionnaire on hospital malnutrition, covering demographics, self-perceived knowledge, interest, and objective knowledge. Descriptive analyses included medians, interquartile ranges, and frequency distributions. Comparative and graphical analyses were used to explore knowledge, interest, and perceived difficulties related to nutritional assessment and care.
Results
A total of 100 resident physicians participated in the study. Among them, 61.7% estimated that "Nutrition or Malnutrition" was covered in less than one academic period during medical school. Despite this, most residents rated the "nutritional assessment of hospitalized patients" as highly important (average score of 9.6). However, 73% reported difficulty in recognizing patients at nutritional risk, and 57% were unfamiliar with nutritional assessment techniques. Additionally, 61% were unable to develop nutritional therapeutic plans. Residents in surgical specialties had more difficulty identifying at-risk patients (93.6% versus 75.4%, P = 0.032). New residents felt more insecure about knowing nutritional assessment techniques (74.0% versus 51.8%, P = 0.035). The average nutrition knowledge score was low (6.02 ± 1.41).
Conclusion
Resident physicians from Brazil demonstrated a high level of interest in hospital malnutrition but most of them reported being unprepared to recognize, diagnose, and plan treatment for malnourished patients. This highlights the inadequacy of nutrition education during both medical school and postgraduate training.
{"title":"Self-perceived skills in the diagnosis of hospital malnutrition, medical knowledge, and interest in nutrition: A cross-sectional study of medical residency programs","authors":"Eduardo Lucio Bittencourt Cabral M.Sc. , Ana Luiza Moraes dos Santos Ph.D. , Laura Santos Ferracioli , Maria Aparecida Turci Ph.D. , Maria Isabel Toulson Davisson Correia Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112991","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112991","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Nutrition education remains insufficient in medical curricula, despite its essential role in patient treatment.</div></div><div><h3>Aims</h3><div>We assessed resident physicians' interest in hospital malnutrition, their self-perceived ability to address it, and their knowledge of basic nutrition topics.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This multicenter cross-sectional study included medical residents from nine hospitals in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Participants completed a structured questionnaire on hospital malnutrition, covering demographics, self-perceived knowledge, interest, and objective knowledge. Descriptive analyses included medians, interquartile ranges, and frequency distributions. Comparative and graphical analyses were used to explore knowledge, interest, and perceived difficulties related to nutritional assessment and care.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 100 resident physicians participated in the study. Among them, 61.7% estimated that \"Nutrition or Malnutrition\" was covered in less than one academic period during medical school. Despite this, most residents rated the \"nutritional assessment of hospitalized patients\" as highly important (average score of 9.6). However, 73% reported difficulty in recognizing patients at nutritional risk, and 57% were unfamiliar with nutritional assessment techniques. Additionally, 61% were unable to develop nutritional therapeutic plans. Residents in surgical specialties had more difficulty identifying at-risk patients (93.6% versus 75.4%, <em>P</em> = 0.032). New residents felt more insecure about knowing nutritional assessment techniques (74.0% versus 51.8%, <em>P</em> = 0.035). The average nutrition knowledge score was low (6.02 ± 1.41).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Resident physicians from Brazil demonstrated a high level of interest in hospital malnutrition but most of them reported being unprepared to recognize, diagnose, and plan treatment for malnourished patients. This highlights the inadequacy of nutrition education during both medical school and postgraduate training.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 112991"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145564456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Neurological diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, depression, and Parkinson’s disease, pose a growing public health challenge. Dietary patterns, particularly the Mediterranean diet (MD), have been proposed as modifiable factors for prevention. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the association between adherence to the MD and the risk or progression of neurological conditions.
Methods
This review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA 2020 and MOOSE guidelines. A comprehensive search of PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane Library was performed up to February 28, 2024. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale, and the certainty of evidence was evaluated with the NUTRIGRADE approach. Pooled effect sizes were computed using a random-effects model and expressed as risk ratios (RR), hazard ratios, or odds ratios, as appropriate.
Results
Forty-five studies involving over 730 000 participants were included. Higher MD adherence was associated with reduced risk or prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease (odds ratios = 0.92), mild cognitive impairment (RR = 0.93), depression (RR = 0.96), and Parkinson’s disease (RR = 0.90), with moderate certainty of evidence. Limited evidence suggested reduced anxiety and lower mortality among patients with Alzheimer’s disease. No significant associations were observed for dementia prevalence or progression from mild cognitive impairment to dementia.
Conclusions
Greater adherence to the MD is consistently associated with a lower risk of several neurological and mental health conditions. These findings support the promotion of MD-based dietary patterns in clinical and public health strategies to prevent cognitive decline and enhance healthy aging.
{"title":"Efficacy of Mediterranean diet for the prevention of neurological diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis featured in the Italian National Guidelines “La Dieta Mediterranea”","authors":"Giovanni Zuliani M.D., Ph.D. , Vincenza Gianfredi M.D., Ph.D. , Nicola Veronese M.D. , Massimo Volpe M.D. , Stefania Maggi M.D. , Graziano Onder M.D., Ph.D. , Marco Silano M.D. , Daniele Nucci R.D. , Michela Zanetti M.D., Ph.D. , Alberto Benussi M.D. , Marianna Ilarj Burgio M.D. , Maurizio Fadda R.D. , Paola Guindani M.D. , Sara Sollai M.D. , Emanuele Cereda M.D. , Paolo Caffarra M.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112990","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112990","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Neurological diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, depression, and Parkinson’s disease, pose a growing public health challenge. Dietary patterns, particularly the Mediterranean diet (MD), have been proposed as modifiable factors for prevention. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the association between adherence to the MD and the risk or progression of neurological conditions.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA 2020 and MOOSE guidelines. A comprehensive search of PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane Library was performed up to February 28, 2024. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale, and the certainty of evidence was evaluated with the NUTRIGRADE approach. Pooled effect sizes were computed using a random-effects model and expressed as risk ratios (RR), hazard ratios, or odds ratios, as appropriate.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Forty-five studies involving over 730 000 participants were included. Higher MD adherence was associated with reduced risk or prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease (odds ratios = 0.92), mild cognitive impairment (RR = 0.93), depression (RR = 0.96), and Parkinson’s disease (RR = 0.90), with moderate certainty of evidence. Limited evidence suggested reduced anxiety and lower mortality among patients with Alzheimer’s disease. No significant associations were observed for dementia prevalence or progression from mild cognitive impairment to dementia.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Greater adherence to the MD is consistently associated with a lower risk of several neurological and mental health conditions. These findings support the promotion of MD-based dietary patterns in clinical and public health strategies to prevent cognitive decline and enhance healthy aging.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 112990"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145557448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-08DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2025.112989
Angela Silva de Almeida Brito M.Sc., Janielly Vilela dos Santos Gonçalves M.Sc., Gilcilene Oliveira Gadelha Ph.D., Suleima Pedroza Vasconcelos Ph.D.
Introduction
Psychomotor performance is critical for professionals with high cognitive demands, such as police officers. Nutritional factors have been suggested to influence attention and reaction time. This study aimed to assess the association between caloric and macronutrient intake and psychomotor performance in shift-working police officers.
Methods
This cross-sectional study included 22 military police officers from Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil. Dietary intake was assessed using 24-hour dietary recalls, and psychomotor performance was measured with the Psychomotor Vigilance Test (PVT). Spearman correlation coefficients were calculated between caloric and macronutrient intake and psychomotor performance variables: mean reaction time (MRT) and number of attention lapses (NL).
Results
During the day shift, significant positive correlations were found between caloric intake and NL (r = 0.630; P = 0.004) and MRT (r = 0.565; P = 0.012), as well as between protein intake and NL/MRT at shift start (r = 0.543; P = 0.016 / r = 0.600; P = 0.007) and shift end (r = 0.529; P = 0.020 / r = 0.544; P = 0.016). Although psychomotor performance declined during night shifts, no significant correlations were observed between performance and caloric or macronutrient intake during these shifts.
Conclusions
Higher caloric and protein intake was associated with poorer psychomotor vigilance performance during day shifts. No significant associations were detected between performance parameters and intake of other macronutrients.
心理运动表现对于具有高认知要求的专业人员，如警察来说是至关重要的。营养因素被认为会影响注意力和反应时间。本研究旨在评估倒班警察的热量和常量营养素摄入与精神运动表现之间的关系。方法：本横断面研究包括22名来自巴西阿克里巴布兰科的宪兵。通过24小时饮食回顾评估饮食摄入量，并通过精神运动警觉性测试（PVT）测量精神运动表现。计算热量和常量营养素摄入与精神运动表现变量：平均反应时间（MRT）和注意力缺失次数（NL）之间的Spearman相关系数。结果：白班时，热量摄入与NL （r = 0.630; P = 0.004）、MRT （r = 0.565; P = 0.012）、蛋白质摄入与NL/MRT （r = 0.543; P = 0.016 / r = 0.600; P = 0.007）、轮班结束（r = 0.529; P = 0.020 / r = 0.544; P = 0.016）呈正相关。尽管精神运动表现在夜班期间有所下降，但在夜班期间的表现与热量或常量营养素摄入之间没有显著的相关性。结论：较高的热量和蛋白质摄入与白班期间较差的精神运动警觉性表现有关。在性能参数和其他常量营养素的摄入量之间没有发现显著的关联。
{"title":"Association between caloric and macronutrient intake and the psychomotor performance of military police officers working shifts","authors":"Angela Silva de Almeida Brito M.Sc., Janielly Vilela dos Santos Gonçalves M.Sc., Gilcilene Oliveira Gadelha Ph.D., Suleima Pedroza Vasconcelos Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112989","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112989","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Psychomotor performance is critical for professionals with high cognitive demands, such as police officers. Nutritional factors have been suggested to influence attention and reaction time. This study aimed to assess the association between caloric and macronutrient intake and psychomotor performance in shift-working police officers.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This cross-sectional study included 22 military police officers from Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil. Dietary intake was assessed using 24-hour dietary recalls, and psychomotor performance was measured with the Psychomotor Vigilance Test (PVT). Spearman correlation coefficients were calculated between caloric and macronutrient intake and psychomotor performance variables: mean reaction time (MRT) and number of attention lapses (NL).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>During the day shift, significant positive correlations were found between caloric intake and NL (r = 0.630; <em>P = 0.</em>004) and MRT (r = 0.565; <em>P = 0.</em>012), as well as between protein intake and NL/MRT at shift start (r = 0.543; <em>P = 0.</em>016 / r = 0.600; <em>P = 0.</em>007) and shift end (r = 0.529; <em>P = 0.</em>020 / r = 0.544; <em>P = 0.</em>016). Although psychomotor performance declined during night shifts, no significant correlations were observed between performance and caloric or macronutrient intake during these shifts.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Higher caloric and protein intake was associated with poorer psychomotor vigilance performance during day shifts. No significant associations were detected between performance parameters and intake of other macronutrients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 112989"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145550044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-04DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2025.112984
Gianfranco Alicandro , Laura Zazzeron , Valentina Visciola , Anna Bulfamante , Arianna Biffi , Fabiola Corti , Andrea Gramegna , Francesco Blasi , Valeria Daccò
Background
The highly effective CFTR modulator elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor therapy has revolutionized the care of cystic fibrosis (CF) leading to significant improvement in patient outcomes. However, data on long-term evolution of nutritional outcomes are limited.
Methods
We conducted a prospective study to evaluate changes in nutritional outcomes in people with CF (pwCF), including weight, body mass index (BMI), fat absorption and fat-soluble vitamin levels. Study outcomes were measured before treatment initiation and after 12 and 24 mo. Mean changes and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were obtained using generalized estimating equations.
Results
A total of 84 patients with a median age of 19.9 y (range: 12–32) were enrolled. At the 24-mo follow-up visit, weight increased by 4.7 kg (95% CI: 3.5, 6.0) and BMI increased by 0.40 standard deviation scores (95% CI: 0.27, 0.53). The prevalence of overweight and obesity increased from 4.8% to 10.7%. After 24 mo of ETI therapy, levels of vitamin A and E, as well as international normalized ratio (used as a marker of vitamin K status) were lower than baseline values, while vitamin D did not appreciably change.
Conclusions
ETI has primarily led to significant improvements in the nutritional status of pwCF, resulting in increased BMI. However, a shift from the traditional hypercaloric and high fat diet to a balanced, healthy diet is essential to avoid excessive weight gain. Additionally, our findings underscore the need for ongoing monitoring of fat-soluble vitamin levels and adherence to supplementation.
{"title":"Nutritional outcomes in people with cystic fibrosis receiving elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor: A 24-mo real-world study","authors":"Gianfranco Alicandro , Laura Zazzeron , Valentina Visciola , Anna Bulfamante , Arianna Biffi , Fabiola Corti , Andrea Gramegna , Francesco Blasi , Valeria Daccò","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112984","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112984","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The highly effective CFTR modulator elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor therapy has revolutionized the care of cystic fibrosis (CF) leading to significant improvement in patient outcomes. However, data on long-term evolution of nutritional outcomes are limited.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a prospective study to evaluate changes in nutritional outcomes in people with CF (pwCF), including weight, body mass index (BMI), fat absorption and fat-soluble vitamin levels. Study outcomes were measured before treatment initiation and after 12 and 24 mo. Mean changes and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were obtained using generalized estimating equations.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 84 patients with a median age of 19.9 y (range: 12–32) were enrolled. At the 24-mo follow-up visit, weight increased by 4.7 kg (95% CI: 3.5, 6.0) and BMI increased by 0.40 standard deviation scores (95% CI: 0.27, 0.53). The prevalence of overweight and obesity increased from 4.8% to 10.7%. After 24 mo of ETI therapy, levels of vitamin A and E, as well as international normalized ratio (used as a marker of vitamin K status) were lower than baseline values, while vitamin D did not appreciably change.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>ETI has primarily led to significant improvements in the nutritional status of pwCF, resulting in increased BMI. However, a shift from the traditional hypercaloric and high fat diet to a balanced, healthy diet is essential to avoid excessive weight gain. Additionally, our findings underscore the need for ongoing monitoring of fat-soluble vitamin levels and adherence to supplementation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 112984"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145409013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-04DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2025.112980
Jose M Quintana PhD , Nere Larrea MSc , Josune Martin PhD , Inmaculada Bolinaga BS , Cristina Sarasqueta PhD , Amaia Perales BS , Natalia-Covadonga Iglesias MD , Alfredo Yoldi MD , Yolanda Garcia MD , the REDISSEC-Malnutrition Research Group
Background/Objectives
Our goal was to study the association between the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) categories of gastrointestinal cancer patients and treatment outcomes.
Subjects/Methods
Prospective cohort study of patients with esophageal, gastric, pancreatic, colon or rectal cancers, in which nutritional status was assessed by GLIM at three hospitals. Sociodemographic, clinical, nutritional parameters (changes in weight, calf circumference and handgrip-strength from admission to discharge) and treatment outcomes (mortality up to 12 months, occurrence of infectious complications, length of hospital stay, readmissions at 90 days) were recorded. Logistic, survival regression or generalized multilevel linear multivariable models were used depending on the outcome variable.
Results
Of the 519 patients included, 283 (54.53%) were categorized as having no malnutrition, 122 (23.51%) as moderate and 114 (21.97%) as severe malnutrition. The multivariate analysis showed no difference between GLIM categories in 30-day mortality, 90-day readmission or infectious complications. Differences were found in 90-day mortality between those with moderate and severe malnutrition compared to the group with no malnutrition; in mortality at up to one year, differences were found between patients with severe malnutrition and those with no malnutrition. There were no differences between the groups with moderate or severe malnutrition and those with no malnutrition in either length of hospital stay or change in nutritional parameters between admission and discharge.
Conclusion
In this sample, GLIM classification was found to be related to outcomes in 90-day and one-year mortality but not to other clinical parameters or changes in nutritional parameters.
{"title":"Impact of GLIM-criteria-defined malnutrition on outcomes in gastrointestinal cancer patients","authors":"Jose M Quintana PhD , Nere Larrea MSc , Josune Martin PhD , Inmaculada Bolinaga BS , Cristina Sarasqueta PhD , Amaia Perales BS , Natalia-Covadonga Iglesias MD , Alfredo Yoldi MD , Yolanda Garcia MD , the REDISSEC-Malnutrition Research Group","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112980","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112980","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background/Objectives</h3><div>Our goal was to study the association between the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) categories of gastrointestinal cancer patients and treatment outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Subjects/Methods</h3><div>Prospective cohort study of patients with esophageal, gastric, pancreatic, colon or rectal cancers, in which nutritional status was assessed by GLIM at three hospitals. Sociodemographic, clinical, nutritional parameters (changes in weight, calf circumference and handgrip-strength from admission to discharge) and treatment outcomes (mortality up to 12 months, occurrence of infectious complications, length of hospital stay, readmissions at 90 days) were recorded. Logistic, survival regression or generalized multilevel linear multivariable models were used depending on the outcome variable.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the 519 patients included, 283 (54.53%) were categorized as having no malnutrition, 122 (23.51%) as moderate and 114 (21.97%) as severe malnutrition. The multivariate analysis showed no difference between GLIM categories in 30-day mortality, 90-day readmission or infectious complications. Differences were found in 90-day mortality between those with moderate and severe malnutrition compared to the group with no malnutrition; in mortality at up to one year, differences were found between patients with severe malnutrition and those with no malnutrition. There were no differences between the groups with moderate or severe malnutrition and those with no malnutrition in either length of hospital stay or change in nutritional parameters between admission and discharge.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>In this sample, GLIM classification was found to be related to outcomes in 90-day and one-year mortality but not to other clinical parameters or changes in nutritional parameters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 112980"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145466861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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