Optics and Laser Technology最新文献

英文中文

A novel real-time aluminum-copper dissimilar metal ARM laser welding seam width at the interface monitoring method based on multi-diagnostic signals 基于多诊断信号的新型铝铜异种金属 ARM 激光焊接界面焊缝宽度实时监测方法

IF 4.6 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 OPTICS

Optics and Laser Technology

Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.optlastec.2024.111972

Shixuan Li , Leshi Shu , Ping Jiang , Shiliang Jiang , Wendi Wu , Yu Gao , Yuan Wang

Aluminum alloys and copper alloys are typical low-resistance metals, which are widely used in the electrical industry. The adjustable-ring-mode (ARM) laser welding, with its advantages of small heat-affected zone, fast welding speed, and almost no spatter, is an ideal method for aluminum-copper dissimilar metal joining. Due to the differences in physical properties such as melting point and thermal conductivity between aluminum and copper, the seam width at the interface (SWI) tends to fluctuate significantly, which affects the electrical and mechanical properties of the joint. Therefore, monitoring SWI is an important method for evaluating the aluminum-copper dissimilar metal joint quality. In this study, a novel real-time aluminum-copper dissimilar metal SWI monitoring method based on optical coherence tomography (OCT) keyhole depth signals and plasma plume spectral signal in ARM laser welding is proposed. Based on the analysis of correlations of several features on the cross-section, a method for characterizing the SWI based on the upper and lower materials melted volumes and the penetration depth was proposed. Signal processing techniques are applied to denoise and analyze OCT and spectral signals, confirming the strong correlation between multiple signals and key features in the SWI characterizing model, which can be used for SWI prediction. Finally, based on multi-signal diagnosis, a backpropagation neural network (BPNN) model for SWI prediction is established. The results show that the average error of this method is only 10.7 μm, achieving high-precision prediction of SWI in aluminum-copper dissimilar metal ARM laser welding.

铝合金和铜合金是典型的低电阻金属，广泛应用于电气行业。可调环模式（ARM）激光焊接具有热影响区小、焊接速度快、几乎无飞溅等优点，是铝铜异种金属焊接的理想方法。由于铝和铜在熔点和导热性等物理性质上的差异，接口处的焊缝宽度（SWI）往往会出现明显的波动，从而影响接头的电气和机械性能。因此，监测 SWI 是评估铝铜异种金属接头质量的重要方法。本研究提出了一种基于光学相干断层扫描 (OCT) 键孔深度信号和 ARM 激光焊接中等离子体羽流光谱信号的新型铝铜异种金属 SWI 实时监测方法。在分析横截面上若干特征的相关性的基础上，提出了一种基于上下材料熔化体积和穿透深度的 SWI 表征方法。应用信号处理技术对 OCT 信号和光谱信号进行去噪和分析，证实了 SWI 表征模型中多个信号和关键特征之间的强相关性，可用于 SWI 预测。最后，在多信号诊断的基础上，建立了用于 SWI 预测的反向传播神经网络（BPNN）模型。结果表明，该方法的平均误差仅为 10.7 μm，实现了铝铜异种金属 ARM 激光焊接中 SWI 的高精度预测。

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引用次数: 0

Strong coupling induced ultrasensitive chiral detection by metal-dielectric hybrid metasurface 金属-电介质混合超表面的强耦合诱导超灵敏手性探测

IF 4.6 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 OPTICS

Optics and Laser Technology

Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.optlastec.2024.111995

Tianxu Jia , Bingjue Li , Bing Gu , Qiwen Zhan , Guanghao Rui

Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy struggles to detect weak signals from small, chiral molecules due to limitations in light absorption. This study introduces a method for significantly enhancing CD signals using a metal-dielectric hybrid metasurface. The metasurface creates a superchiral hotspot that amplifies the chirality of nearby molecules. Two techniques are proposed to overcome signal cancellation between the intrinsic and induced signals to achieve an overall enhancement of the CD signal by up to 23,630 times. This approach has the potential for ultrasensitive detection of chiral molecules at the nanoscale, with applications in pharmacology, toxicology, and life sciences.

由于光吸收的限制，圆二色性（CD）光谱难以检测到手性小分子的微弱信号。本研究介绍了一种利用金属-电介质混合元表面显著增强 CD 信号的方法。元表面会产生一个超手性热点，从而放大附近分子的手性。该方法提出了两种技术来克服本征信号和诱导信号之间的信号抵消，从而使 CD 信号的整体增强高达 23,630 倍。这种方法具有在纳米尺度上超灵敏检测手性分子的潜力，可应用于药理学、毒理学和生命科学领域。

引用次数: 0

Responsive integration performed by laser-induced Er3+ structural doping and graphene nanoplatelets 通过激光诱导 Er3+ 结构掺杂和石墨烯纳米片实现响应式集成

IF 4.6 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 OPTICS

Optics and Laser Technology

Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.optlastec.2024.111983

Ziyu Chen , Zejia Zhao , Jiaxin Yang , Yan Li , Wenhui Lu , Feng Song

Laser-induced preparation method has the advantages of high efficiency, high yield, no ionic diffusion restriction and competitive side reaction, which can prepare diversified composite materials based on small-scale and distributed characteristics. Besides, integrating multiple performance and conducting inductive feedback are helpful for the reliability and calibration of laser-induced materials in the precision field. Herein, responsive integration is designed based on graphene nanoplatelets/ZnSe:Er³⁺ composite with optical, electrical, thermal and visual properties for real-time feedback. Er³⁺ ions doped ZnSe is obtained by fast laser-induced method, combined with two-dimensional graphene nanoplatelets and assembled into temperature-sensitive polyimide and cellulose paper, realizing the characteristics of photoelectric conversion and photothermal conversion. Besides, red fluorescence guiding perceptual behavior can also be produced under the radiation of NIR laser. Based on the proposed composite, bionic flower is constructed, and exhibits good motion features in blooming. Meanwhile, large curvature bending, high thermal sensitivity and strong fluorescence emission are also revealed. Such performance combination design provides a convenient approach for multi signals cross feedback in soft actuator, which strengthens the monitoring and guidance of motion perceptions, and can be potentially applied in diversified fields.

激光诱导制备方法具有高效率、高产能、无离子扩散限制和竞争性副反应等优点，可根据小尺度、分布式的特点制备多样化的复合材料。此外，集成多种性能并进行感应反馈有助于激光诱导材料在精密领域的可靠性和校准性。在此，基于石墨烯纳米片/ZnSe:Er3+复合材料设计了具有光学、电学、热学和视觉特性的响应式集成，以实现实时反馈。通过快速激光诱导法获得掺杂 Er3+ 离子的 ZnSe，并将其与二维石墨烯纳米片相结合，组装到感温聚酰亚胺和纤维素纸中，实现了光电转换和光热转换的特性。此外，在近红外激光的照射下，还能产生红色荧光引导感知行为。基于所提出的复合材料，仿生花被构建出来，并在绽放时表现出良好的运动特性。同时，它还具有弯曲曲率大、热灵敏度高和荧光发射强等特点。这种性能组合设计为软促动器的多信号交叉反馈提供了一种便捷的方法，加强了对运动感知的监测和引导，有望应用于多个领域。

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引用次数: 0

High-sensitivity fiber temperature sensor based on composite film structure and lossy mode resonance 基于复合薄膜结构和有损模式共振的高灵敏度光纤温度传感器

IF 4.6 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 OPTICS

Optics and Laser Technology

Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.optlastec.2024.111998

Yuxiao Xue , Jing Yang , Peng Ye , Binbing Li , Shan Gao , Yan Liu , Jinhui Shi , Jun Yang , Libo Yuan , Chunying Guan

In this work, we proposed and demonstrated a high-sensitivity optical fiber temperature sensor based on lossy mode resonance (LMR). The sensor is composed of a D-shaped fiber and a thin composite film. The composite film consists of tin dioxide (SnO₂) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). PDMS is inserted as an intermediate layer between D-shaped fiber and SnO₂ layer, realizing the separation of TM and TE polarization to reduce polarization crosstalk, while also serving as a temperature sensitive layer. The polarization state of the excited LMR can be freely controlled by adjusting the thickness of the composite film. The proposed sensor exhibits a high temperature sensitivity of −1.1883 nm/°C with a measurement range of 10–90 °C. Meanwhile, a fast response time of ∼ 109 ms was observed due to the ultra-thin PDMS interlayer.

在这项工作中，我们提出并演示了一种基于有损模式共振（LMR）的高灵敏度光纤温度传感器。该传感器由一根 D 型光纤和一层复合薄膜组成。复合薄膜由二氧化锡（SnO2）和聚二甲基硅氧烷（PDMS）组成。PDMS 作为中间层插入 D 型光纤和二氧化锡层之间，实现了 TM 和 TE 极化的分离，从而减少了极化串扰，同时还可作为温度敏感层。通过调节复合膜的厚度，可以自由控制激发的 LMR 的极化状态。这种传感器的温度灵敏度高达 -1.1883 nm/°C，测量范围为 10-90 °C。同时，由于采用了超薄的 PDMS 中间膜，传感器的快速响应时间为 ∼ 109 ms。

引用次数: 0

Microstructure and properties behavior of in situ synthesized with high content (Ti, W) C reinforced In625 by two step-laser direct energy deposition 采用两步激光直接能量沉积法原位合成的高含量（Ti、W）C 增强 In625 的微观结构和性能特性

IF 4.6 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 OPTICS

Optics and Laser Technology

Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.optlastec.2024.111982

Wenzheng Wu , Aoxiang Li , Min Zhao , Yiming Cui , Yu Zhao

The formation of sensitive interface cracks and the difficulty in processing high-concentration Ni-based ceramic coatings via direct energy deposition (LDED) present major engineering challenges. To address these, high-quality In625/ceramic coatings with various mass contents of Ti, nickel-coated graphite (Ni3C), and WC were fabricated on QT250 using two-step laser directed energy deposition (TsLDED). The influence of the Ti/C: WC molar mass ratio on the bonding interface, microstructure, phase composition, and mechanical properties of the coatings was analyzed. The results indicated that grains at the In625/ceramic coating interface formed epitaxial growth, ensuring a robust bond. In situ synthesis of (Ti, W) C, WC_x (WC and W₂C), M₂₃C₆, and other precipitated phases were uniformly distributed, enhancing nucleation, refining microstructure, and improving mechanical properties. The addition of Ti facilitated the transformation of WCx to (Ti, W) C. High Ti and C concentrations promoted eutectic structure formation in the matrix phase, enhancing performance. The In625 + 56 % Ti – 14 % Ni3C – 30 % WC composite coating exhibited the highest microhardness and the lowest friction coefficient, with microhardness 5.61 and 3.6 times that of QT250 and In625 coatings, respectively, and a friction coefficient 0.3 times that of In625. Variations in the Ti/C: WC molar mass ratio directly affected the content, proportion, and type of (Ti, W) C, WCx, γ-Ni, and eutectic structures comprising M₂₃C₆, NiTi_x, Ni₂W₄C, Cr₂Ti, and γ-Ni, influencing microstructure evolution and mechanical properties. The TsLDED process thus enables the preparation of In625/ceramic reinforced coatings with improved mechanical properties.

敏感界面裂纹的形成以及通过直接能量沉积 (LDED) 加工高浓度镍基陶瓷涂层的困难，给工程设计带来了重大挑战。为了解决这些问题，我们采用两步激光直接能量沉积（TsLDED）技术在 QT250 上制造了具有不同质量分数的 Ti、镍涂层石墨（Ni3C）和 WC 的高质量 In625/陶瓷涂层。分析了 Ti/C：WC 摩尔质量比对涂层的结合界面、微观结构、相组成和机械性能的影响。结果表明，In625/陶瓷涂层界面上的晶粒形成了外延生长，确保了牢固的结合。原位合成的（Ti、W）C、WCx（WC 和 W2C）、M23C6 和其他析出相分布均匀，增强了成核能力，细化了微观结构，提高了机械性能。高浓度的 Ti 和 C 促进了基体相共晶结构的形成，从而提高了性能。In625 + 56 % Ti - 14 % Ni3C - 30 % WC 复合涂层显示出最高的显微硬度和最低的摩擦系数，显微硬度分别是 QT250 和 In625 涂层的 5.61 倍和 3.6 倍，摩擦系数是 In625 涂层的 0.3 倍。Ti/C: WC 摩尔质量比的变化直接影响 (Ti, W) C、WCx、γ-Ni 以及由 M23C6、NiTix、Ni2W4C、Cr2Ti 和 γ-Ni 组成的共晶结构的含量、比例和类型，从而影响微观结构的演变和机械性能。因此，TsLDED 工艺能够制备出具有更好机械性能的 In625/陶瓷增强涂层。

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引用次数: 0

Chirped fiber Bragg gratings directly inscribed by a femtosecond laser in an ytterbium-doped fiber for spectrum recovery, loss compensation and effective use in a CPA scheme 在掺镱光纤中使用飞秒激光直接刻划啁啾光纤布拉格光栅，以恢复频谱、补偿损耗并在 CPA 方案中有效使用

IF 4.6 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 OPTICS

Optics and Laser Technology

Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.optlastec.2024.111989

M.Yu. Koptev , A.E. Zapryalov , A.A. Wolf , D.S. Lipatov , M.E. Likhachev , S.V. Muravyev , A.V. Kim

Point-by-point femtosecond laser inscribed chirped Bragg gratings are good candidates for use in fiber chirped pulse amplification systems due to the high flexibility of their dispersion properties, low cost, and no length limitation. However, such gratings have two significant drawbacks: high losses and distortions of the short-wavelength part of the spectrum when operating in the normal group velocity dispersion mode. We propose a novel approach based on writing such gratings in a highly doped active fiber, which allows us to correct both shortcomings. We have also demonstrated, for the first time to our knowledge, a successful use of such gratings as stretchers in a fiber chirped pulse amplification system.

逐点飞秒激光刻划的啁啾布拉格光栅因其色散特性的高度灵活性、低成本和无长度限制而成为光纤啁啾脉冲放大系统的理想选择。然而，这种光栅有两个明显的缺点：在正常群速度色散模式下工作时，损耗大，光谱的短波长部分失真。我们提出了一种基于在高掺杂有源光纤中写入此类光栅的新方法，从而纠正了这两个缺点。据我们所知，我们还首次成功地在光纤啁啾脉冲放大系统中使用这种光栅作为拉伸器。

引用次数: 0

Propagating data without MIMO over a weakly-coupled OAM fiber by multiplexing OAM mode group 通过复用 OAM 模式组，在弱耦合 OAM 光纤上传播无 MIMO 数据

IF 4.6 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 OPTICS

Optics and Laser Technology

Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.optlastec.2024.111990

Xiaohui Wang , Dongdong Deng , Yang Wang , Hui Zhang , Xinchen Ji , Liang Xu , Jiawei Rui , Shuai Mao , Yingxiong Song , Fufei Pang , Liyun Zhuang , Song Yang , Xiaofeng He , Chao Wang , Tiezhu Zhu

Urged by the continually increasing requirement of channel capacity, orbital angular momentum (OAM) has become a promising candidate for extending the multiplexed physical domain, which is compatible with the traditional physical space. However, due to the serious crosstalk among OAM modes and propagation loss, the OAM-based optical fiber communication (OFC) is limited within a shorter scope. A common multiple-input-multiple-out (MIMO) algorithm are usually employed to equalize the multiplexed channels for reducing the crosstalk at the cost of inevitably increasing the complexity of the system. For overcoming the aforementioned issues, a weakly-coupled OAM fiber (WCOF) is designed and manufactured to propagate OAM beams without MIMO, where three OAM mode groups (OMGs) are employed for multiplexing. An experimental setup is also designed and established for validating the feasibility of the proposed WCOF. The captured intensity profiles demonstrate the transmitted OAM beams can be successfully received, and the measured bit-error-rate (BER) distributions show the simulated user data carried by each of three OMGs can be correctly received with/without MDM after the propagation of more than 100 km WCOF when the received power (RP) is set to be greater than −28.33/-27.5 dBm, respectively. Moreover, the measured BERs of OMG1/2/3 are all below the Hard FEC threshold at the C + L waveband, which demonstrates that the proposed scheme can be utilized in the whole C + L waveband. In addition, the influences of data velocity and WCOF length on the BER are also exploded, which shows that the detected BER performance declines mildly as the data velocity increases from 10 to 40 Gbit/s, and the measured BER performance also slightly degrades as the WCOF length increases from 100 to 140 km. Therefore, the proposed scheme can be potentially utilized without MIMO for long-haul OFC with higher channel capacity.

随着对信道容量要求的不断提高，轨道角动量（OAM）已成为扩展复用物理域的一个有前途的候选方案，它与传统的物理空间兼容。然而，由于 OAM 模式之间存在严重的串扰和传播损耗，基于 OAM 的光纤通信（OFC）在较短的范围内受到限制。通常采用普通的多入多出（MIMO）算法来均衡多路复用信道，以减少串扰，但代价是不可避免地增加了系统的复杂性。为克服上述问题，设计并制造了一种弱耦合 OAM 光纤（WCOF），用于传播无 MIMO 的 OAM 波束，其中采用了三个 OAM 模式组（OMG）进行复用。此外，还设计并建立了一个实验装置，以验证所提议的 WCOF 的可行性。捕获的强度剖面图表明，传输的 OAM 波束能被成功接收；测量的误码率 (BER) 分布表明，当接收功率 (RP) 分别设置为大于 -28.33/-27.5 dBm 时，经过 100 多公里的 WCOF 传播后，三个 OMG 所携带的模拟用户数据在有/无 MDM 的情况下都能被正确接收。此外，在 C + L 波段，OMG1/2/3 的实测误码率均低于硬 FEC 门限，这表明所提方案可用于整个 C + L 波段。此外，还探讨了数据速度和 WCOF 长度对误码率的影响，结果表明，随着数据速度从 10 Gbit/s 增加到 40 Gbit/s，检测到的误码率性能略有下降；随着 WCOF 长度从 100 km 增加到 140 km，测量到的误码率性能也略有下降。因此，在没有多输入多输出（MIMO）的情况下，建议的方案可用于具有较高信道容量的长途 OFC。

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引用次数: 0

Zero-dimensional lead telluride quantum dots optical modulator for red Pr:YLF ultrashort pulse laser 用于红色 Pr:YLF 超短脉冲激光器的零维碲化镉铅量子点光调制器

IF 4.6 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 OPTICS

Optics and Laser Technology

Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.optlastec.2024.112003

Haowei Yu , Yuqian Zu , Lingfeng Gao , Syed Zaheer Ud Din , Chun Li , Haotian Gao , Wenhui Ji , Haopu Xu , Ruizhan Zhai , Zhongqing Jia , Xiaoyue Feng , Jie Liu , Qi Yang

High-quality lead telluride quantum dots (PbTe QDs) are prepared by a top-down liquid phase exfoliation (LPE) method successfully and used as a novel saturable absorber (SA) to first realize a picosecond continuous-wave mode-locked (CWML) red laser with a Pr:YLF crystal. The nonlinear optical saturable characteristic of the PbTe QDs SA is measured by applying a double-channel synchronous detection technique. Further, a picosecond CWML Pr:YLF laser with a highest average output power of 115 mW is obtained, corresponding to a pulse energy of 1.5 nJ and a peak power of 24.2 W. These findings indicate that high-quality PbTe QDs SA is an effective optical modulator, demonstrating its application prospects in the field of visible ultrafast photonics.

通过自上而下的液相剥离（LPE）方法成功制备了高质量的碲化镉铅量子点（PbTe QDs），并将其用作新型可饱和吸收体（SA），首次实现了皮秒连续波模式锁定（CWML）红光激光器与 Pr:YLF 晶体的结合。应用双通道同步检测技术测量了碲化铋 QDs SA 的非线性光学可饱和特性。这些研究结果表明，高质量 PbTe QDs SA 是一种有效的光调制器，展示了其在可见光超快光子学领域的应用前景。

引用次数: 0

Theoretical investigation of multipulse femtosecond laser processing on silicon carbide: ablation, shielding effect, and recast formation 碳化硅多脉冲飞秒激光加工的理论研究：烧蚀、屏蔽效应和重铸形成

IF 4.6 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 OPTICS

Optics and Laser Technology

Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.optlastec.2024.111976

Zhaoxuan Yan , Xuesong Mei , Wenjun Wang , ZhengJie Fan , Aifei Pan , Qingzhen Zheng

In this study, we propose a transient multi-physics coupling model for ultrafast laser ablation based on the material point method (MPM). By employing the continuum assumption for material, heat transfer equation and particle phase change, as well as spatial discretization of the model, we achieve simulations of various coupled physical phenomena such as material temperature, phase change, stress, and recast layer formation. In terms of time, we simulate laser processing processes with up to 1000 pulses. The model is validated by comparing with experimental results on ablation morphology, recast layer formation from melted particles, and surface oxidation. The proposed model accurately captures the multi-physics aspects of ultrafast laser ablation processes in SiC ceramics. The experimental validation confirms the model’s reliability and offers valuable insights into the underlying physical phenomena.

在本研究中，我们提出了一种基于材料点法（MPM）的超快激光烧蚀瞬态多物理耦合模型。通过采用材料连续性假设、传热方程和粒子相变以及模型的空间离散化，我们实现了对材料温度、相变、应力和重铸层形成等各种耦合物理现象的模拟。在时间方面，我们模拟了多达 1000 个脉冲的激光加工过程。通过与烧蚀形态、熔化颗粒再铸层形成和表面氧化的实验结果进行比较，我们验证了该模型。所提出的模型准确地捕捉到了碳化硅陶瓷超快激光烧蚀过程的多物理特性。实验验证证实了模型的可靠性，并为了解基本物理现象提供了宝贵的见解。

引用次数: 0

Vector modulation of fully-polarized phase conjugate light field through scattering media 通过散射介质的全偏振相位共轭光场的矢量调制

IF 4.6 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 OPTICS

Optics and Laser Technology

Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.optlastec.2024.111987

Jiazhen Dou , Yujian Mai , Wenjun Jiang , Kaiqiang Wang , Liyun Zhong , Jianglei Di , Yuwen Qin

Vector modulation of the light field through scattering media holds significant scientific and application value in areas such as optical imaging, optical communications, nonlinear optics, and biomedicine. Digital optical phase conjugation (DOPC), grounded in the time reversal principle, has been extensively investigated for wavefront shaping in scattering media. Nonetheless, reports on vector modulation of phase conjugate beams via DOPC remain scarce. In this study, we propose a vector DOPC to recover and modulate the polarization state of the phase conjugate beams based on vector decomposition and superimposition of light field. First, pre-set two orthogonal polarization basis probe beams to pass through a multimode fiber and use digital holography to record the phase distribution of their orthogonal polarization components in the speckle field. Then, perform polarization-preserving phase conjugation and vector superposition of both components simultaneously. By altering the phase difference and amplitude ratio between the two, vector modulation of the synthesized phase conjugate beam can be achieved. Theoretical analysis aligns well with experimental results, demonstrating a positive impact on understanding the physical properties of scattering media and expanding the applications of the DOPC technique.

通过散射介质对光场进行矢量调制，在光学成像、光通信、非线性光学和生物医学等领域具有重要的科学和应用价值。基于时间反转原理的数字光学相位共轭（DOPC）已被广泛用于研究散射介质中的波前整形。然而，通过 DOPC 对相位共轭光束进行矢量调制的报道仍然很少。在本研究中，我们提出了一种矢量 DOPC，它基于光场的矢量分解和叠加来恢复和调制相位共轭光束的偏振态。首先，预先设置两束正交偏振基探测光束通过多模光纤，并使用数字全息技术记录其正交偏振分量在斑点场中的相位分布。然后，同时对两个分量进行偏振保相共轭和矢量叠加。通过改变两者之间的相位差和振幅比，可以实现合成相位共轭光束的矢量调制。理论分析与实验结果非常吻合，这对理解散射介质的物理特性和扩大 DOPC 技术的应用范围具有积极影响。

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引用次数: 0

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