Pub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2026-02-10DOI: 10.1016/j.optlastec.2026.114914
Hongzhe Wang, Yang Song, Huajun Cai, Lin Bo, Boyan Zhang, Yunjing Ji, Jiancheng Lai, Zhenhua Li
Camera calibration is an essential process in photogrammetry, serving as a crucial link between the 2D image coordinate system and the 3D world coordinate system. However, when observations are conducted through refractive interfaces, the refraction effects at these interfaces render traditional calibration methods ineffective, significantly compromising measurement accuracy. To address this challenge, we propose a novel camera calibration method based on the analytical refractive imaging (ARI) equation. The ARI method facilitates accurate estimation of camera parameters from distorted images and enables in-situ joint calibration of both the camera and the refractive interface. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method reduces the error to only 10% of that produced by conventional ray-tracing (RT) method. Moreover, while maintaining comparable computational accuracy and efficiency, it effectively mitigates the local convergence issues that may arise in the polynomial fitting (PF) approach. Finally, reconstruction experiments further confirm the accuracy of the proposed method. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms existing refractive calibration techniques in terms of accuracy while maintaining high precision in 3D reconstruction tasks.
{"title":"In situ calibration of camera-refraction interface based on analytical refractive imaging equation","authors":"Hongzhe Wang, Yang Song, Huajun Cai, Lin Bo, Boyan Zhang, Yunjing Ji, Jiancheng Lai, Zhenhua Li","doi":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2026.114914","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2026.114914","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Camera calibration is an essential process in photogrammetry, serving as a crucial link between the 2D image coordinate system and the 3D world coordinate system. However, when observations are conducted through refractive interfaces, the refraction effects at these interfaces render traditional calibration methods ineffective, significantly compromising measurement accuracy. To address this challenge, we propose a novel camera calibration method based on the analytical refractive imaging (ARI) equation. The ARI method facilitates accurate estimation of camera parameters from distorted images and enables in-situ joint calibration of both the camera and the refractive interface. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method reduces the error to only 10% of that produced by conventional ray-tracing (RT) method. Moreover, while maintaining comparable computational accuracy and efficiency, it effectively mitigates the local convergence issues that may arise in the polynomial fitting (PF) approach. Finally, reconstruction experiments further confirm the accuracy of the proposed method. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms existing refractive calibration techniques in terms of accuracy while maintaining high precision in 3D reconstruction tasks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19511,"journal":{"name":"Optics and Laser Technology","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 114914"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146192646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2026-02-13DOI: 10.1016/j.optlastec.2026.114931
Lukas Janos Richter, Jürgen Ihlemann
Deep UV laser irradiation of TiO2-containing glass using structured patterns enables the creation of high-contrast surface markings. The markings appear either black or colorful, depending on the observation angle and illumination. The process utilizes the interplay of laser induced phase separation, ablation and deoxidation. The obtained markings combine strong light absorption with diffractive properties, offering an additive-free, fast, and straightforward method ideal for applications requiring strict material purity, such as the marking of glass packaging for pharmaceutical products.
{"title":"Laser-generated combined black and diffraction-color markings on TiO2-containing glass","authors":"Lukas Janos Richter, Jürgen Ihlemann","doi":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2026.114931","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2026.114931","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Deep UV laser irradiation of TiO<sub>2</sub>-containing glass using structured patterns enables the creation of high-contrast surface markings. The markings appear either black or colorful, depending on the observation angle and illumination. The process utilizes the interplay of laser induced phase separation, ablation and deoxidation. The obtained markings combine strong light absorption with diffractive properties, offering an additive-free, fast, and straightforward method ideal for applications requiring strict material purity, such as the marking of glass packaging for pharmaceutical products.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19511,"journal":{"name":"Optics and Laser Technology","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 114931"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146192018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2026-02-11DOI: 10.1016/j.optlastec.2026.114907
Xiang Wang , Huijiang Wang , Zhaojie Sun , Fan Ye , Fumiya Iida
Fibre optic sensors are widely used to monitor structural deformation. In conventional systems, the optical sensing signals are first converted into electrical signals for subsequent processing by integrated circuits, and the results are then displayed on external devices. As a result, traditional fibre optic sensors generally only have sensing capabilities and lack the ability to directly convey information about the detected deformation. This paper presents a fibre optic sensing strategy that integrates both sensing and expression, using a pair of dissipative optical fibre sensors embedded in a deformable, translucent soft material. Through the structural design of optical fibres, the optical fibres generate directionally related light leakage when bending the fibres. The spatial information associated with the bending is encoded in colour by the sensor pair and shown on the soft material, thereby expressing its spatial information to the outside world. This allows real-time, visual expression of spatial status-related information. This strategy extends the functional boundaries of fibre optic sensors, from passive sensing to sensing and colour expression. This integrated sensing-expression approach could offer rapid-response interaction for some applications in systems such as soft robots and wearable devices.
{"title":"Integrated sensing and colour expression of spatial status using a fibre optic sensor pair","authors":"Xiang Wang , Huijiang Wang , Zhaojie Sun , Fan Ye , Fumiya Iida","doi":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2026.114907","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2026.114907","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fibre optic sensors are widely used to monitor structural deformation. In conventional systems, the optical sensing signals are first converted into electrical signals for subsequent processing by integrated circuits, and the results are then displayed on external devices. As a result, traditional fibre optic sensors generally only have sensing capabilities and lack the ability to directly convey information about the detected deformation. This paper presents a fibre optic sensing strategy that integrates both sensing and expression, using a pair of dissipative optical fibre sensors embedded in a deformable, translucent soft material. Through the structural design of optical fibres, the optical fibres generate directionally related light leakage when bending the fibres. The spatial information associated with the bending is encoded in colour by the sensor pair and shown on the soft material, thereby expressing its spatial information to the outside world. This allows real-time, visual expression of spatial status-related information. This strategy extends the functional boundaries of fibre optic sensors, from passive sensing to sensing and colour expression. This integrated sensing-expression approach could offer rapid-response interaction for some applications in systems such as soft robots and wearable devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19511,"journal":{"name":"Optics and Laser Technology","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 114907"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146192187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2026-02-13DOI: 10.1016/j.optlastec.2026.114886
Ana Sánchez-Ramírez , José Manuel Luque-González , Laura Pérez-Sánchez , Miguel Barrio-Segura , Érika López-Arroyo , Rafael Godoy-Rubio , Claudio J. Oton , J.Gonzalo Wangüemert-Pérez , Iñigo Molina-Fernández
Photonic integrated biosensors are a promising solution for biomarker detection in applications ranging from clinical diagnostics to food quality monitoring. However, their response is not only affected by molecular binding at the sensor surface, but also by bulk refractive index variations, background composition changes and temperature fluctuations. Most reported implementations cannot separate these effects, leading to inaccurate measurements. In this work, we present a fully integrated dual-polarization Mach-Zehnder interferometer with coherent detection, capable of distinguishing refractive index changes occurring at different distances above the waveguide surface, thereby enhancing sensor robustness. This is achieved through two separate measurements, one using the Transverse Electric (TE) mode and the other using the Transverse Magnetic (TM) mode. By exploiting their different evanescent field penetration depths and postprocessing the respective signals, we solve a system of equations to decouple surface and bulk contributions. Beyond refractive index sensing, this method could be extended to estimate additional parameters such as molecular layer thickness or temperature variations. The good agreement between simulation and experimental results confirms that the proposed sensor can effectively differentiate between contributions due to protein adsorption or biorecognition events within the 10 nm layer closest to the surface (surface effects) from bulk refractive index variations (background effects). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of spatially resolved refractive index discrimination by an integrated photonic biosensor with coherent interrogation, highlighting its competitiveness against current state-of-the-art solutions.
{"title":"Dual-polarization interferometric sensing for independent characterization of surface and bulk layers","authors":"Ana Sánchez-Ramírez , José Manuel Luque-González , Laura Pérez-Sánchez , Miguel Barrio-Segura , Érika López-Arroyo , Rafael Godoy-Rubio , Claudio J. Oton , J.Gonzalo Wangüemert-Pérez , Iñigo Molina-Fernández","doi":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2026.114886","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2026.114886","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Photonic integrated biosensors are a promising solution for biomarker detection in applications ranging from clinical diagnostics to food quality monitoring. However, their response is not only affected by molecular binding at the sensor surface, but also by bulk refractive index variations, background composition changes and temperature fluctuations. Most reported implementations cannot separate these effects, leading to inaccurate measurements. In this work, we present a fully integrated dual-polarization Mach-Zehnder interferometer with coherent detection, capable of distinguishing refractive index changes occurring at different distances above the waveguide surface, thereby enhancing sensor robustness. This is achieved through two separate measurements, one using the Transverse Electric (TE) mode and the other using the Transverse Magnetic (TM) mode. By exploiting their different evanescent field penetration depths and postprocessing the respective signals, we solve a system of equations to decouple surface and bulk contributions. Beyond refractive index sensing, this method could be extended to estimate additional parameters such as molecular layer thickness or temperature variations. The good agreement between simulation and experimental results confirms that the proposed sensor can effectively differentiate between contributions due to protein adsorption or biorecognition events within the 10 nm layer closest to the surface (surface effects) from bulk refractive index variations (background effects). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of spatially resolved refractive index discrimination by an integrated photonic biosensor with coherent interrogation, highlighting its competitiveness against current state-of-the-art solutions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19511,"journal":{"name":"Optics and Laser Technology","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 114886"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146192182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2026-02-11DOI: 10.1016/j.optlastec.2026.114904
Kuanxin Tang , Chao Wang , Zeming Feng , Yukui Cai , Xing Li , Xiaoliang Liang , Haifeng Ma , Zhanqiang Liu
Microstructures are widely employed in superhydrophobic surfaces; therefore, understanding their mechanical influence is essential for practical application of these surfaces. This study investigates the effects of six common microstructure types, including circular protrusions, square pits, and horizontal stripes, on the tensile and fatigue performance of 316 L stainless steel through experimental testing and finite element analysis (FEA). The results reveal that raised microstructures significantly compromise mechanical performance compared to concave microstructures. Furthermore, among microstructures of the same morphological features (either raised or concave), circular microstructures outperform square ones in retaining mechanical strength. The performance of stripe microstructures depends on their orientation. Regarding tensile properties, these findings can be attributed to the varying degrees of volume loss and stress concentration effects caused by different microstructure types. Fatigue behavior is dictated by the influence of types on the maximum surface stress and stress distribution, the latter of which directly affect the stress gradient, number of crack initiation sites, and crack propagation rate. These findings suggest that horizontal stripes represent the most viable microstructure design for superhydrophobic surfaces, offering an effective compromise between functionality and mechanical reliability.
{"title":"Femtosecond laser fabrication process of surface microstructures and their influence on mechanical properties","authors":"Kuanxin Tang , Chao Wang , Zeming Feng , Yukui Cai , Xing Li , Xiaoliang Liang , Haifeng Ma , Zhanqiang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2026.114904","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2026.114904","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microstructures are widely employed in superhydrophobic surfaces; therefore, understanding their mechanical influence is essential for practical application of these surfaces. This study investigates the effects of six common microstructure types, including circular protrusions, square pits, and horizontal stripes, on the tensile and fatigue performance of 316 L stainless steel through experimental testing and finite element analysis (FEA). The results reveal that raised microstructures significantly compromise mechanical performance compared to concave microstructures. Furthermore, among microstructures of the same morphological features (either raised or concave), circular microstructures outperform square ones in retaining mechanical strength. The performance of stripe microstructures depends on their orientation. Regarding tensile properties, these findings can be attributed to the varying degrees of volume loss and stress concentration effects caused by different microstructure types. Fatigue behavior is dictated by the influence of types on the maximum surface stress and stress distribution, the latter of which directly affect the stress gradient, number of crack initiation sites, and crack propagation rate. These findings suggest that horizontal stripes represent the most viable microstructure design for superhydrophobic surfaces, offering an effective compromise between functionality and mechanical reliability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19511,"journal":{"name":"Optics and Laser Technology","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 114904"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146192172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2026-02-06DOI: 10.1016/j.optlastec.2026.114856
Ziyang Liu , Tianjiao Zeng , Xu Zhan , Xiaoling Zhang , Yunqi Wang , Edmund Y. Lam
Lensless imaging is promising for miniature applications owing to its compact, lightweight, and low-cost design. However, reconstruction quality severely degrades under low-light conditions, where the pervasive interference between structural information and measurement residuals (e.g., noise and brightness variations) poses a critical challenge for existing methods to recover clean, high-fidelity details. To address this, our work fundamentally revisits the lensless measurement paradigm, introducing a novel structure-guided model for low-light lensless imaging that embeds an explicit structure–residual decomposition within the forward process. This formulation breaks with the convention of holistic scene treatment by redefining the scene as a combination of intrinsic structural and residual components, enabling precise and targeted component-wise processing to achieve enhanced fidelity and noise reduction. Building on this model, we develop a two-stage physics-aware reconstruction approach: (1) a multilevel, multiscale extraction module embedded with the forward model initially extracts the components from the measurements, reducing noise impact on the structure through feature extraction across multiple scales and levels; (2) conditional diffusion modules, trained bidirectionally for stability, refine structures and optimize residuals generatively to boost detail recovery before fusion. Experiments on low-light datasets from our custom lensless camera (22,000 images with phase/amplitude masks) show that our approach outperforms state-of-the-art methods in both objective assessments and visual inspection, validating its advantages in denoising, structural fidelity, and overall image quality.
{"title":"Structure-guided lensless reconstruction via physics-aware decomposition in low-light conditions","authors":"Ziyang Liu , Tianjiao Zeng , Xu Zhan , Xiaoling Zhang , Yunqi Wang , Edmund Y. Lam","doi":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2026.114856","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2026.114856","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lensless imaging is promising for miniature applications owing to its compact, lightweight, and low-cost design. However, reconstruction quality severely degrades under low-light conditions, where the pervasive interference between structural information and measurement residuals (e.g., noise and brightness variations) poses a critical challenge for existing methods to recover clean, high-fidelity details. To address this, our work fundamentally revisits the lensless measurement paradigm, introducing a novel structure-guided model for low-light lensless imaging that embeds an explicit structure–residual decomposition within the forward process. This formulation breaks with the convention of holistic scene treatment by redefining the scene as a combination of intrinsic structural and residual components, enabling precise and targeted component-wise processing to achieve enhanced fidelity and noise reduction. Building on this model, we develop a two-stage physics-aware reconstruction approach: (1) a multilevel, multiscale extraction module embedded with the forward model initially extracts the components from the measurements, reducing noise impact on the structure through feature extraction across multiple scales and levels; (2) conditional diffusion modules, trained bidirectionally for stability, refine structures and optimize residuals generatively to boost detail recovery before fusion. Experiments on low-light datasets from our custom lensless camera (22,000 images with phase/amplitude masks) show that our approach outperforms state-of-the-art methods in both objective assessments and visual inspection, validating its advantages in denoising, structural fidelity, and overall image quality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19511,"journal":{"name":"Optics and Laser Technology","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 114856"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146192284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In recent years, the projection speckle three-dimensional digital image correlation (3D-DIC) method has been progressively applied in microelectronic packaging reliability evaluation, particularly for warpage measurement of substrate structures. However, traditional methods are constrained to a single speckle pattern, particularly when dealing with multi-scale structures in electronic packaging. To address this issue, a region-adaptive projection speckle DIC (R-DIC) method with variable speckle parameters is proposed in this study. By extracting masks of primary regions to generate adaptive speckle patterns for differentiated projection control, the method enables full-field topography measurement of electronic packaging structures while taking into account each component. Full-field topography measurement experiments indicate that, under optimized speckle parameters, the R-DIC method reduces the error between DIC and laser scanning results to within 10 μm, verifying its effectiveness for topography measurement. Additionally, the R-DIC method was applied to thermal warpage testing, enabling real-time monitoring of warpage across the packaging structures at arbitrary temperatures. This study expands the application of DIC method in the reliability assessment of electronic packaging, highlighting its feasibility and advantages in monitoring deformations of complex structures.
{"title":"Region-adaptive DIC with variable speckle parameters for accurate warpage measurement in electronic packaging structures","authors":"Jianguo Xie, Yuhan Gao, Yuxin Chen, Kezhong Xu, Ziniu Yu, Chuanjia Wang, Yuqi Zhou, Weibin Hui, Fulong Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2026.114906","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2026.114906","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, the projection speckle three-dimensional digital image correlation (3D-DIC) method has been progressively applied in microelectronic packaging reliability evaluation, particularly for warpage measurement of substrate structures. However, traditional methods are constrained to a single speckle pattern, particularly when dealing with multi-scale structures in electronic packaging. To address this issue, a region-adaptive projection speckle DIC (R-DIC) method with variable speckle parameters is proposed in this study. By extracting masks of primary regions to generate adaptive speckle patterns for differentiated projection control, the method enables full-field topography measurement of electronic packaging structures while taking into account each component. Full-field topography measurement experiments indicate that, under optimized speckle parameters, the R-DIC method reduces the error between DIC and laser scanning results to within 10 μm, verifying its effectiveness for topography measurement. Additionally, the R-DIC method was applied to thermal warpage testing, enabling real-time monitoring of warpage across the packaging structures at arbitrary temperatures. This study expands the application of DIC method in the reliability assessment of electronic packaging, highlighting its feasibility and advantages in monitoring deformations of complex structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19511,"journal":{"name":"Optics and Laser Technology","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 114906"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146192282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2026-02-06DOI: 10.1016/j.optlastec.2026.114905
Jingkun Shi , Wenlong Yang , Yuanyuan Ren , Yu Wang , Liuyang Zhang , Shuang Yu , Rui Pan , Dong Yan , Wenjie Zhao
A highly sensitive, selective, and reproducible optical fiber sensor based on a balloon-shaped multimode fiber (MMF)-dual-core fiber (DCF)-multimode fiber (MMF) (balloon-shaped MDM) structure was proposed for the detection of trace hexavalent chromium ions (Cr(VI), in the form of dichromate (Cr2O72-)) in water. A chitosan-polymethacrylic acid (CS-PMAA) composite film was applied to the sensing region of the fiber, serving as the functional layer of the sensor, which enables strong and specific adsorption of Cr(VI) ions. The refractive index (RI) of the sensing region would be changed by environmental variation during adsorption and desorption processes of the film, resulting in a measurable shift in the interference spectra. Experimental results demonstrate a detection range of 0–50 ppb, a high sensitivity of 0.116 nm/ppb and a low limit of detection (LOD) of 0.59 ppb. Furthermore, the sensor also exhibits excellent selectivity, reproducibility, and stability in complex water environment, and its performance was successfully validated in real water samples (tap and river water) with recovery rates ranging from 95.10% to 104.87%. This work proposed a compact and effective optical fiber sensing method for real-time, in-situ, and ultra-trace monitoring of Cr(VI) ions in environmental water samples.
{"title":"Balloon-Shaped Mach-Zehnder fiber sensor functionalized with CS-PMAA for trace Cr(VI) detection in water","authors":"Jingkun Shi , Wenlong Yang , Yuanyuan Ren , Yu Wang , Liuyang Zhang , Shuang Yu , Rui Pan , Dong Yan , Wenjie Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2026.114905","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2026.114905","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A highly sensitive, selective, and reproducible optical fiber sensor based on a balloon-shaped multimode fiber (MMF)-dual-core fiber (DCF)-multimode fiber (MMF) (balloon-shaped MDM) structure was proposed for the detection of trace hexavalent chromium ions (Cr(VI), in the form of dichromate (Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub><sup>2-</sup>)) in water. A chitosan-polymethacrylic acid (CS-PMAA) composite film was applied to the sensing region of the fiber, serving as the functional layer of the sensor, which enables strong and specific adsorption of Cr(VI) ions. The refractive index (RI) of the sensing region would be changed by environmental variation during adsorption and desorption processes of the film, resulting in a measurable shift in the interference spectra. Experimental results demonstrate a detection range of 0–50 ppb, a high sensitivity of 0.116 nm/ppb and a low limit of detection (LOD) of 0.59 ppb. Furthermore, the sensor also exhibits excellent selectivity, reproducibility, and stability in complex water environment, and its performance was successfully validated in real water samples (tap and river water) with recovery rates ranging from 95.10% to 104.87%. This work proposed a compact and effective optical fiber sensing method for real-time, in-situ, and ultra-trace monitoring of Cr(VI) ions in environmental water samples.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19511,"journal":{"name":"Optics and Laser Technology","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 114905"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146192288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2026-02-05DOI: 10.1016/j.optlastec.2026.114739
Tian Li , Mingjun Zhang , Wang Zeng , Longzhou Dai , Bo Cheng , Ying Niu , Qiang Guo , Kaiming Wang , Heqing Li , Xiang Wu , Xiaochun Liu , Rong Huang
For the problem of low energy coupling efficiency and weak interface bonding strength in aluminum-copper laser welding, a novel infrared-blue hybrid laser technology was adopted to conduct research on aluminum/copper lap welding. The synergistic enhancement mechanism of joint strength and toughness was revealed by combination of in-situ tensile test in SEM and theoretical calculations. The results showed that the increase of molten depth and the shape of root-like structure were closely related to the energy density of the infrared-blue hybrid laser, which indirectly confirmed the promoting effect of blue laser on the energy absorption of the infrared laser. Under the appropriate blue laser irradiation, the combined effect of the Marangoni effect and recoil pressure suppressed the diffusion behavior of Cu elements, thereby effectively improving the microstructure uniformity within the molten pool. The enhancement of Al/Cu interfacial bonding strength was attributed to the dislocation strengthening and grain refinement strengthening at the interface, while the migration of cracks into the copper matrix during in-situ tensile process was due to the driving effect of the root-like molten pool, and the deformation strengthening in the copper matrix further compensated the toughness of the joint. The molten pool microstructure formed under blue laser assistance not only enhanced the joint’s strength and toughness, but also was beneficial for improving the electrical conductivity of the joint. Among them, the maximum shear tensile strength and toughness of the joint were increased by 29.4% and 24.2%, respectively.
{"title":"Achieving exceptional strength-toughness synergy in aluminum/copper welded joint by coaxial infrared-blue hybrid laser","authors":"Tian Li , Mingjun Zhang , Wang Zeng , Longzhou Dai , Bo Cheng , Ying Niu , Qiang Guo , Kaiming Wang , Heqing Li , Xiang Wu , Xiaochun Liu , Rong Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2026.114739","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2026.114739","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>For the problem of low energy coupling efficiency and weak interface bonding strength in aluminum-copper laser welding, a novel infrared-blue hybrid laser technology was adopted to conduct research on aluminum/copper lap welding. The synergistic enhancement mechanism of joint strength and toughness was revealed by combination of in-situ tensile test in SEM and theoretical calculations. The results showed that the increase of molten depth and the shape of root-like structure were closely related to the energy density of the infrared-blue hybrid laser, which indirectly confirmed the promoting effect of blue laser on the energy absorption of the infrared laser. Under<!--> <!-->the appropriate blue laser irradiation,<!--> <!-->the combined effect of the Marangoni effect and recoil pressure suppressed the diffusion behavior of Cu elements, thereby effectively improving the microstructure uniformity within the molten pool. The enhancement of Al/Cu interfacial bonding strength was attributed to the dislocation strengthening and grain refinement strengthening at the interface, while the migration of cracks into the copper matrix during in-situ tensile process was due to the driving effect of the root-like molten pool, and the deformation strengthening in the copper matrix further compensated the toughness of the joint. The molten pool microstructure formed under blue laser assistance not only enhanced the joint’s strength and toughness, but also was beneficial for improving the electrical conductivity of the joint. Among them, the maximum shear tensile strength and toughness of the joint were increased by 29.4% and 24.2%, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19511,"journal":{"name":"Optics and Laser Technology","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 114739"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146192359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Based on the advection flow combustion platform, this study conducted laser ignition experiments on NH3/H2/Air premixed gases under different equivalence ratios (ϕ) and hydrogen blending ratios (α) with the velocity of 1 m/s, analyzing key results such as minimum ignition energy (MIE), flame development area, flame front velocity, and flame centroid. To enhance the optical relevance of this study, a precisely controlled Q-switched Nd:YAG laser system and high-speed optical diagnostics were employed to characterize the ignition process and intrinsic flame luminosity. The results demonstrate that increasing the α effectively reduces MIE, with this effect being more pronounced in lean mixtures. As the α increases, the ϕ corresponding to the minimum MIE shifts toward leaner conditions. Richer mixtures with higher hydrogen blending ratios significantly accelerate flame development, resulting in greater maximum flame areas and flame front velocities. However, excessively high hydrogen blending ratios can induce flame oscillation, altering the flow state in the combustion chamber and causing random variations in combustion parameters. This study further reveals, through optical measurements, that these oscillations are accompanied by fluctuations in flame morphology and luminous intensity, indicating a coupling between optical emission characteristics and unsteady combustion. The formation and development of the third-lobe flame kernel during laser ignition influence the initial trend of the flame centroid and hydrogen blending effectively mitigates the upward movement of ammonia flames, particularly in lean mixtures, although this improvement diminishes as the α continues to increase in this platform. Changes in MIE, flame front velocity, and flame centroid indicate that the benefits of hydrogen addition are more pronounced in leaner mixtures, to ensure both stable laser ignition and efficient combustion, this study recommends limiting the hydrogen blending ratio in advective NH3/H2/Air mixtures to no more than 10 % in advective flow combustion platform.
{"title":"Laser-induced plasma ignition and combustion characteristics for advective NH3/H2/Air mixtures with constant velocity","authors":"Junjie Zhang, Erjiang Hu, Zihao Chen, Geyuan Yin, Zuohua Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2026.114877","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2026.114877","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Based on the advection flow combustion platform, this study conducted laser ignition experiments on NH<sub>3</sub>/H<sub>2</sub>/Air premixed gases under different equivalence ratios (<em>ϕ</em>) and hydrogen blending ratios (<em>α</em>) with the velocity of 1 m/s, analyzing key results such as minimum ignition energy (MIE), flame development area, flame front velocity, and flame centroid. To enhance the optical relevance of this study, a precisely controlled Q-switched Nd:YAG laser system and high-speed optical diagnostics were employed to characterize the ignition process and intrinsic flame luminosity. The results demonstrate that increasing the <em>α</em> effectively reduces MIE, with this effect being more pronounced in lean mixtures. As the <em>α</em> increases, the <em>ϕ</em> corresponding to the minimum MIE shifts toward leaner conditions. Richer mixtures with higher hydrogen blending ratios significantly accelerate flame development, resulting in greater maximum flame areas and flame front velocities. However, excessively high hydrogen blending ratios can induce flame oscillation, altering the flow state in the combustion chamber and causing random variations in combustion parameters. This study further reveals, through optical measurements, that these oscillations are accompanied by fluctuations in flame morphology and luminous intensity, indicating a coupling between optical emission characteristics and unsteady combustion. The formation and development of the third-lobe flame kernel during laser ignition influence the initial trend of the flame centroid and hydrogen blending effectively mitigates the upward movement of ammonia flames, particularly in lean mixtures, although this improvement diminishes as the <em>α</em> continues to increase in this platform. Changes in MIE, flame front velocity, and flame centroid indicate that the benefits of hydrogen addition are more pronounced in leaner mixtures, to ensure both stable laser ignition and efficient combustion, this study recommends limiting the hydrogen blending ratio in advective NH<sub>3</sub>/H<sub>2</sub>/Air mixtures to no more than 10 % in advective flow combustion platform.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19511,"journal":{"name":"Optics and Laser Technology","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 114877"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146116345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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