Pub Date : 2025-01-27DOI: 10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.112477
Sushanta Kumar Pal , P. Senthilkumaran
Stokes singularities represent the most comprehensive category of optical singularities within polarization optics, with polarization singularities forming a specific subset. This article explores the tight focusing of Stokes singularities that include Stokes vortices of orders and . The intensity distributions at the focal plane of these optical fields are influenced by helicity, polarity, and the absolute value of the Stokes singularity index. Notably, for -Stokes singularities, the strengths of the transverse components at the focal plane differ, and these strengths can be tuned by varying the polarization at the Stokes singularity. However, these strengths are equal for the -Stokes singularities. The findings also reveal that helicity has a significant impact on the intensity distributions at the focal plane. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the fundamental characteristics of Stokes singularities.
{"title":"Tight Focusing of Linear Basis Stokes Singularities with Gaussian Amplitude Distribution","authors":"Sushanta Kumar Pal , P. Senthilkumaran","doi":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.112477","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.112477","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Stokes singularities represent the most comprehensive category of optical singularities within polarization optics, with polarization singularities forming a specific subset. This article explores the tight focusing of Stokes singularities that include Stokes vortices of orders <span><math><mrow><mo>±</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><mo>±</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></math></span>. The intensity distributions at the focal plane of these optical fields are influenced by helicity, polarity, and the absolute value of the Stokes singularity index. Notably, for <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>S</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>23</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>-Stokes singularities, the strengths of the transverse components at the focal plane differ, and these strengths can be tuned by varying the polarization at the Stokes singularity. However, these strengths are equal for the <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>S</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>31</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>-Stokes singularities. The findings also reveal that helicity has a significant impact on the intensity distributions at the focal plane. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the fundamental characteristics of Stokes singularities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19511,"journal":{"name":"Optics and Laser Technology","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 112477"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143150796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-27DOI: 10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.112496
Shuli Yang, Shu Tang, Xinbo Gao, Xianzhong Xie, Jiaxu Leng
Lightweight networks for single image super-resolution (SISR) have increased in popularity, and numerous lightweight SISR networks have been proposed for various practical applications. However, most existing lightweight networks just explicitly capture local or regional range dependencies but cannot explicitly capture global range dependencies in an entire image due to the heavy computational costs. For this problem, we propose a lightweight patch Transformer network (PTN) for SISR, which explicitly captures the dependencies in local, regional and global ranges. Specifically, we propose a lightweight inter-patch Transformer (Inter-PT) layer to explicitly capture global structural similarities by summarizing structural information into a lower-dimensional space using the statistical properties of the average pooling operation. To better utilize local information, we design a deformable convolution module (DCM) to flexibly extract local features. Finally, a frequency reconstruction (FR) loss function is designed to recover more accurate high-frequency information in the reconstructed SR image. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that our proposed PTN can achieve better SR results than existing lightweight state-of-the-art SISR methods in terms of both performance and computational cost.
{"title":"Lightweight single image super-resolution Transformer network with explicit global structural similarities capture","authors":"Shuli Yang, Shu Tang, Xinbo Gao, Xianzhong Xie, Jiaxu Leng","doi":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.112496","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.112496","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lightweight networks for single image super-resolution (SISR) have increased in popularity, and numerous lightweight SISR networks have been proposed for various practical applications. However, most existing lightweight networks just explicitly capture local or regional range dependencies but cannot explicitly capture global range dependencies in an entire image due to the heavy computational costs. For this problem, we propose a lightweight patch Transformer network (PTN) for SISR, which explicitly captures the dependencies in local, regional and global ranges. Specifically, we propose a lightweight inter-patch Transformer (Inter-PT) layer to explicitly capture global structural similarities by summarizing structural information into a lower-dimensional space using the statistical properties of the average pooling operation. To better utilize local information, we design a deformable convolution module (DCM) to flexibly extract local features. Finally, a frequency reconstruction (FR) loss function is designed to recover more accurate high-frequency information in the reconstructed SR image. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that our proposed PTN can achieve better SR results than existing lightweight state-of-the-art SISR methods in terms of both performance and computational cost.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19511,"journal":{"name":"Optics and Laser Technology","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 112496"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143150798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-27DOI: 10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.112527
Ke Dai , Ding Mao , Yue Chen , Zichuan Yuan , Huihui Ma , Qiang Ling , Yusheng Zhang , Zuguang Guan , Daru Chen , Yudong Cui
Dichromatic soliton molecules, consisting of multiple optical solitons with two carrier frequencies, exhibit distinctive stability and intricate interaction dynamics in nonlinear systems. In this study, we experimentally generate harmonic dichromatic soliton molecules (HDSM) in a synchronously mode-locked fiber laser. By appropriately setting the pump power and adjusting the polarization controller to optimize the cavity state, we successfully generate 2nd-, 3rd-, and 4th-order HDSM, achieving a repetition rate of 76.582 MHz. Using the dispersive Fourier transform technique, we unveiled the various real-time spectral scenarios of these HDSMs. Furthermore, we observe the evolution dynamics of unequal spacing HDSM, which can be considered as 2+4 dichromatic soliton molecular complexes. All these findings provide an intriguing perspective in dynamical intra-molecular evolution of ultrafast nonlinear phenomena and further enrich the research of fundamental science.
{"title":"Harmonic dichromatic soliton molecules in synchronous mode-locked fiber lasers","authors":"Ke Dai , Ding Mao , Yue Chen , Zichuan Yuan , Huihui Ma , Qiang Ling , Yusheng Zhang , Zuguang Guan , Daru Chen , Yudong Cui","doi":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.112527","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.112527","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dichromatic soliton molecules, consisting of multiple optical solitons with two carrier frequencies, exhibit distinctive stability and intricate interaction dynamics in nonlinear systems. In this study, we experimentally generate harmonic dichromatic soliton molecules (HDSM) in a synchronously mode-locked fiber laser. By appropriately setting the pump power and adjusting the polarization controller to optimize the cavity state, we successfully generate 2nd-, 3rd-, and 4th-order HDSM, achieving a repetition rate of 76.582 MHz. Using the dispersive Fourier transform technique, we unveiled the various real-time spectral scenarios of these HDSMs. Furthermore, we observe the evolution dynamics of unequal spacing HDSM, which can be considered as 2+4 dichromatic soliton molecular complexes. All these findings provide an intriguing perspective in dynamical intra-molecular evolution of ultrafast nonlinear phenomena and further enrich the research of fundamental science.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19511,"journal":{"name":"Optics and Laser Technology","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 112527"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143150040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-27DOI: 10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.112523
Yue Feng , Haodong Wu , Zuxiang Kou , Sitong Wang , Wenbo Hao , Chi Liu , Chao Wang , Zhiliang Qin , Tao Shen
In this study, a micro-nano fiber coupler (MFC) sensor modified by chitosan-complexed glutathione (CS@GSH) was demonstrated to detect trace heavy metal ions in the blood. The sensor selectively responded to Pb2+ in an aqueous environment with a detection limit (LOD) of 0.02 μg/dL. Further experiments demonstrated the application of the sensor in the detection of blood lead concentration. The results showed that the LOD of the sensor for lead in deproteinized blood was 0.025 μg/dL, which is lower than the minimum calibrated in the WHO analytical method for determination of blood lead level exposure standard (5 μg/dL). In addition, a machine learning (ML) model based on a back-propagation neural network (BPNN) was proposed to assist the Pb2+ detection of the sensor, which reduced the number of sampling points of the spectra by model training and performed the dual covariate interrogation of the Pb2+ concentration and temperature within the acceptable error range.
{"title":"BPNN-assisted sensor based on micro-nano fiber coupler for human blood lead detection","authors":"Yue Feng , Haodong Wu , Zuxiang Kou , Sitong Wang , Wenbo Hao , Chi Liu , Chao Wang , Zhiliang Qin , Tao Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.112523","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.112523","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, a micro-nano fiber coupler (MFC) sensor modified by chitosan-complexed glutathione (CS@GSH) was demonstrated to detect trace heavy metal ions in the blood. The sensor selectively responded to Pb<sup>2+</sup> in an aqueous environment with a detection limit (LOD) of 0.02 μg/dL. Further experiments demonstrated the application of the sensor in the detection of blood lead concentration. The results showed that the LOD of the sensor for lead in deproteinized blood was 0.025 μg/dL, which is lower than the minimum calibrated in the WHO analytical method for determination of blood lead level exposure standard (5 μg/dL). In addition, a machine learning (ML) model based on a back-propagation neural network (BPNN) was proposed to assist the Pb<sup>2+</sup> detection of the sensor, which reduced the number of sampling points of the spectra by model training and performed the dual covariate interrogation of the Pb<sup>2+</sup> concentration and temperature within the acceptable error range.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19511,"journal":{"name":"Optics and Laser Technology","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 112523"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143150042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-27DOI: 10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.112489
Yu-Guo Jiang , Jia-Fan Kuo , Chung-Wei Cheng , An-Chen Lee , Yasuhiro Okamoto
Silicon carbide (SiC) is a wide bandgap semiconductor known for its durability and high performance. These properties make it an ideal material for advanced applications. In this study, a femtosecond laser with a wavelength of 1030 nm was employed to weld SiC to fused silica directly. The key experimental variables examined were the laser repetition rate (100, 300, 1000 kHz) and focal depth. Energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) was used to analyze the elemental distribution, revealing a spatial gradient in composition. This indicated the mixing and diffusion of elements between the two materials under focused laser energy. Separation specimens showed that fractures occurred primarily within the fused silica near the welded region, where island-like structures formed as fused silica adhered to the SiC surface.
{"title":"Direct welding of silicon carbide and fused silica using femtosecond lasers: Effects of repetition rate and focal depth","authors":"Yu-Guo Jiang , Jia-Fan Kuo , Chung-Wei Cheng , An-Chen Lee , Yasuhiro Okamoto","doi":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.112489","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.112489","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Silicon carbide (SiC) is a wide bandgap semiconductor known for its durability and high performance. These properties make it an ideal material for advanced applications. In this study, a femtosecond laser with a wavelength of 1030 nm was employed to weld SiC to fused silica directly. The key experimental variables examined were the laser repetition rate (100, 300, 1000 kHz) and focal depth. Energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) was used to analyze the elemental distribution, revealing a spatial gradient in composition. This indicated the mixing and diffusion of elements between the two materials under focused laser energy. Separation specimens showed that fractures occurred primarily within the fused silica near the welded region, where island-like structures formed as fused silica adhered to the SiC surface.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19511,"journal":{"name":"Optics and Laser Technology","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 112489"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143150721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-25DOI: 10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.112490
Yanan Wang , Xinyu Zhao , Xingwen Zhou , Liguo Chen , Qian Sun , Yongde Huang
Integrating functional electronics on advanced composites appeal significantly to the next-generation intelligent manufacturing industry, while assembling numerous surface-mounted components complexes the integration process. Herein, we propose an in-situ direct laser writing route to help relieving this issue. It can transform the resin from composite’s surface into graphene with controllable sheet resistance with values spanning four orders of magnitude. This controllable manufacturing is achieved by simply tuning the conversion rate of graphene of near-surface resin through varying the laser energy density input. Finally, LED parallel circuit and directly coupled amplifier (with an amplification factor of 8.47) have been demonstrated, using the formed graphene as both balanced resistance and conductive lines. This work emphasizes the customizable processing capabilities of direct laser writing technology for in-situ manufacturing of integrated functional electronics.
{"title":"In-situ laser-induced graphene from the quartz fiber-reinforced cyanate ester composite for assembly of functional electronics","authors":"Yanan Wang , Xinyu Zhao , Xingwen Zhou , Liguo Chen , Qian Sun , Yongde Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.112490","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.112490","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Integrating functional electronics on advanced composites appeal significantly to the next-generation intelligent manufacturing industry, while assembling numerous surface-mounted components complexes the integration process. Herein, we propose an in-situ direct laser writing route to help relieving this issue. It can transform the resin from composite’s surface into graphene with controllable sheet resistance with values spanning four orders of magnitude. This controllable manufacturing is achieved by simply tuning the conversion rate of graphene of near-surface resin through varying the laser energy density input. Finally, LED parallel circuit and directly coupled amplifier (with an amplification factor of 8.47) have been demonstrated, using the formed graphene as both balanced resistance and conductive lines. This work emphasizes the customizable processing capabilities of direct laser writing technology for in-situ manufacturing of integrated functional electronics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19511,"journal":{"name":"Optics and Laser Technology","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 112490"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143150037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-25DOI: 10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.112505
Defu Liu, Chunye Li, Siwei Xin, Guan Liu
The subpar high-temperature friction and wear performance of H13 hot work tool steel significantly restricts its use in die applications. To tackle this issue, a NiCrBSi alloy-based composite coating was developed using laser cladding with the aim of in-situ synthesizing VB2 reinforced phases. The microstructure, microhardness, and high-temperature friction and wear behaviors (6 mm GCr15 grinding ball, 30 min, 400 and 600 ℃) were meticulously analyzed. Meanwhile, room temperature wear test is also conducted. Results indicate that VB2 reinforced phases can be successfully in-situ synthesized within the coatings through laser cladding technology. When the mass ration of the raw materials is increased, the fraction of synthesized VB2 phases increases from 5.8 wt.% to 15.7 wt.%, and its average width is also increased from 1.24 μm to 5.86 μm. This can be attributable to enhanced thermal conductivity. The increased fraction and size of VB2 phases lead to an improvement in hardness, which decreases when coarse VB2 phases emerge. The microhardness of the coating with 10% VB2 phases is the largest, which is increased by approximately 40% compared to the NiCrBSi coating without VB2 phases. As for high-temperature wear resistance, it initially rises and then declines with the continuous increase of the fraction and size of VB2 phases. The dominant wear mechanism of the NiCrBSi coating shifts from adhesive wear (without VB2 phases) to abrasive wear (with VB2 phases). The NiCrBSi coating with 10% VB2 phases exhibits the best high-temperature wear resistance due to improved mechanical properties and the formation of a friction layer. Meanwhile, its wear rate is only 1/5 of the coating without VB2 phases. This research provides valuable insights into high-temperature wear mechanisms and guides the development of effective strategies to enhance the high-temperature wear resistance of hot work tool steel.
{"title":"High-temperature friction and wear behaviors of the laser in-situ synthesized VB2 reinforced NiCrBSi alloy-based composite coating","authors":"Defu Liu, Chunye Li, Siwei Xin, Guan Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.112505","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.112505","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The subpar high-temperature friction and wear performance of H13 hot work tool steel significantly restricts its use in die applications. To tackle this issue, a NiCrBSi alloy-based composite coating was developed using laser cladding with the aim of in-situ synthesizing VB<sub>2</sub> reinforced phases. The microstructure, microhardness, and high-temperature friction and wear behaviors (6 mm GCr15 grinding ball, 30 min, 400 and 600 ℃) were meticulously analyzed. Meanwhile, room temperature wear test is also conducted. Results indicate that VB<sub>2</sub> reinforced phases can be successfully in-situ synthesized within the coatings through laser cladding technology. When the mass ration of the raw materials is increased, the fraction of synthesized VB<sub>2</sub> phases increases from 5.8 wt.% to 15.7 wt.%, and its average width is also increased from 1.24 μm to 5.86 μm. This can be attributable to enhanced thermal conductivity. The increased fraction and size of VB<sub>2</sub> phases lead to an improvement in hardness, which decreases when coarse VB<sub>2</sub> phases emerge. The microhardness of the coating with 10% VB<sub>2</sub> phases is the largest, which is increased by approximately 40% compared to the NiCrBSi coating without VB<sub>2</sub> phases. As for high-temperature wear resistance, it initially rises and then declines with the continuous increase of the fraction and size of VB<sub>2</sub> phases. The dominant wear mechanism of the NiCrBSi coating shifts from adhesive wear (without VB<sub>2</sub> phases) to abrasive wear (with VB<sub>2</sub> phases). The NiCrBSi coating with 10% VB<sub>2</sub> phases exhibits the best high-temperature wear resistance due to improved mechanical properties and the formation of a friction layer. Meanwhile, its wear rate is only 1/5 of the coating without VB<sub>2</sub> phases. This research provides valuable insights into high-temperature wear mechanisms and guides the development of effective strategies to enhance the high-temperature wear resistance of hot work tool steel.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19511,"journal":{"name":"Optics and Laser Technology","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 112505"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143150038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-25DOI: 10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.112494
Jinke Huang, Xinxing Shao
The multi-view three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction method is extensively employed across diverse scientific and engineering domains due to its inherent advantages of flexible system configuration and comprehensive view information. While previous research has extensively studied error and uncertainty in the multi-view system, there is a notable gap in understanding the influence of the number of views on the precision of 3D reconstruction. This paper presents a pioneering investigation of the relationship between the number of views and the precision of 3D reconstruction in multi-view systems. Concise precision estimation formulas are derived in normal and convergent camera configurations. Our most significant contribution lies in the novel discovery of the negative power relationship between the precision of 3D reconstruction and the number of views, substantiated by theoretical derivation, numerical simulations, and real experiments. Consequently, our precision estimation formulas and precision law enable the estimation of 3D reconstruction precision without cumbersome calibration processes. This advancement enhances the flexibility and designability of the multi-view 3D reconstruction technique, enabling it to better meet the diverse measurement demands encountered in various fields.
{"title":"Three-dimensional reconstruction precision estimation in multi-view measurement systems","authors":"Jinke Huang, Xinxing Shao","doi":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.112494","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.112494","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The multi-view three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction method is extensively employed across diverse scientific and engineering domains due to its inherent advantages of flexible system configuration and comprehensive view information. While previous research has extensively studied error and uncertainty in the multi-view system, there is a notable gap in understanding the influence of the number of views on the precision of 3D reconstruction. This paper presents a pioneering investigation of the relationship between the number of views and the precision of 3D reconstruction in multi-view systems. Concise precision estimation formulas are derived in normal and convergent camera configurations. Our most significant contribution lies in the novel discovery of the negative power relationship between the precision of 3D reconstruction and the number of views, substantiated by theoretical derivation, numerical simulations, and real experiments. Consequently, our precision estimation formulas and precision law enable the estimation of 3D reconstruction precision without cumbersome calibration processes. This advancement enhances the flexibility and designability of the multi-view 3D reconstruction technique, enabling it to better meet the diverse measurement demands encountered in various fields.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19511,"journal":{"name":"Optics and Laser Technology","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 112494"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143149676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
WC particle-reinforced Ti6Al4V composite coatings were prepared on Ti6Al4V substrates by laser direct deposition using Ti6Al4V alloy powders containing 3 wt%, 6 wt% and 9 wt% WC. The microstructure and properties of the deposited coatings with different WC additions were studied separately using metallographic microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, microhardness tests, abrasion tests, and electrochemical workstation. The results showed that the composite coatings with WC addition were mainly composed of α-Ti, β-Ti, unmelted WC and in-situ produced new phases such as TiC, W2C and (W,Ti)C1-x. A reaction layer composed of W2C and TiC was formed on the periphery of WC. The formation of high microhardness strip and block α-(Ti,N) interstitial solid solution at the top of the coatings was attributed to the occurrence of N-rich regions by N element segregation. The N element and unmelted WC played important roles in improving the microhardness and wear resistance of coatings by in-situ solution strengthening and refining microstructure, respectively. Compared with the Ti6Al4V substrate, the average microhardness of the coating with 6 % WC addition increased by about 57.8 %, the wear rate decreased by 72.1 %, and the roughness of the worn surface was the smallest. Moreover, the addition of WC has little contribution to improving the corrosion resistance of the coating, only the coating with 6 % WC has better corrosion resistance compared with the Ti6Al4V substrate. Therefore, 6 % WC is the optimal addition amount for improving coating performance.
{"title":"Microstructure and surface properties of WC reinforced Ti6Al4V composite coating by laser direct deposition","authors":"Nuonuo Cui, Guili Yin, Zhi Zheng, Shuoxun Wang, Zhanqi Liu, Xueting Chen, Xiaoou Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.112488","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.112488","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>WC particle-reinforced Ti6Al4V composite coatings were prepared on Ti6Al4V substrates by laser direct deposition using Ti6Al4V alloy powders containing 3 wt%, 6 wt% and 9 wt% WC. The microstructure and properties of the deposited coatings with different WC additions were studied separately using metallographic microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, microhardness tests, abrasion tests, and electrochemical workstation. The results showed that the composite coatings with WC addition were mainly composed of α-Ti, β-Ti, unmelted WC and in-situ produced new phases such as TiC, W<sub>2</sub>C and (W,Ti)C<sub>1-x</sub>. A reaction layer composed of W<sub>2</sub>C and TiC was formed on the periphery of WC. The formation of high microhardness strip and block α-(Ti,N) interstitial solid solution at the top of the coatings was attributed to the occurrence of N-rich regions by N element segregation. The N element and unmelted WC played important roles in improving the microhardness and wear resistance of coatings by in-situ solution strengthening and refining microstructure, respectively. Compared with the Ti6Al4V substrate, the average microhardness of the coating with 6 % WC addition increased by about 57.8 %, the wear rate decreased by 72.1 %, and the roughness of the worn surface was the smallest. Moreover, the addition of WC has little contribution to improving the corrosion resistance of the coating, only the coating with 6 % WC has better corrosion resistance compared with the Ti6Al4V substrate. Therefore, 6 % WC is the optimal addition amount for improving coating performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19511,"journal":{"name":"Optics and Laser Technology","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 112488"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143150041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-24DOI: 10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.112495
Jianguo Yang, Weiqi Jin, Li Li, Dian Sheng, Meishu Wang
With the advancement of nanotechnology, division-of-focal-plane (DoFP) polarization imaging systems with real-time imaging capabilities have emerged as a significant research area, advancing the application potential of miniaturized polarization imaging systems. Nonetheless, the superpixel structures within these systems can introduce instantaneous field-of-view (IFoV) errors, which affect the quality of polarization image reconstruction and the accuracy of polarization information calculations. Most existing polarization image demosaicking methods based on channel correlation assume uniform scene distribution, utilizing fixed weights or thresholds. This reliance produces poor robustness across various scenes, making these methods less suitable for practical applications. To address these limitations, this paper proposes an adaptive DoFP polarization image demosaicking method based on local gradient and channel correlation (ALGPCC). Specifically, the method first employs local gradient optimization on the traditional bilinear interpolation method to produce a high-quality initial demosaicked image. Next, it combines normalized cross-correlation with guided filtering to create adaptive polarization channel correlation weights, allowing for dynamic adjustment based on the polarization characteristics of various scenes. Finally, these adaptive weights are applied to a polarization channel difference model, further improving the demosaicking results and effectively reducing IFoV errors. Experimental results with synthetic and real DoFP polarization images demonstrate that the proposed method significantly surpasses existing demosaicking methods in objective metrics and visual quality, showing superior performance across various scenes and offering notable advantages in processing speed.
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