Optik最新文献

英文中文

Microwave-assisted laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy on aluminum alloy for improved quantitation

IF 3.1 3区物理与天体物理 Q2 Engineering

Optik

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijleo.2024.172182

M. Rashad Khan , S.U. Haq , Qamar Abbas , Riaz Khan , Ali Nadeem

This study employed microwave-assisted laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (MW-LIBS) to investigate the sensitivity and reproducibility of emission line intensity, plasma parameters, and analytical measurements. Standard Al-alloys (Xiamen Yichen Technology Co., China) were used due to its wide applications and excellent physical and mechanical properties. The plasmas of these alloys were produced using a fundamental harmonic (1064 nm) of Nd: YAG laser. The plasma emissions were recorded at laser energies (40–260 mJ) and microwave power 400, 800, and 1200 W. The MW setup consists of air-cooled 2.45 GHz microwave source (magnetron), a WR340 waveguide, a 3-stub impedance tuner, and a waveguide-to-coaxial adaptor. A one-meter coaxial cable with a sharpened end served as a near-field antenna. The experimental parameters, such as laser energy, microwave power, and detector gate delay, were optimized for sensitivity and repeatability. At an optimized laser energy of 140 mJ and a microwave peak power of 1200 W, signal enhancement was observed to increase six-fold, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) improved five-fold, and the limit of detection (LOD) decreased seven-fold compared to conventional LIBS. The repeatability in emission line intensity, measured in terms of relative standard deviation (RSD), was significantly improved from 36 % to 6 %, 46–18 %, and 27–13 % for Mg, Si, and Cu emission lines, respectively. The improvement in repeatability of emission line intensities led to improved accuracy in predicted concentration measurements based on calibration curves, with percentage deviations of 18–3 % for Mg and 35–11 % for Si.

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引用次数: 0

Achieving Pauli quantum logic gates with composite solitons of the Manakov system

IF 3.1 3区物理与天体物理 Q2 Engineering

Optik

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijleo.2024.172173

U. Al Khawaja

We show that Pauli quantum logic gates can be achieved with composite solitons of a generalized Manakov system. We first prove that the complex superposition principle applies to the generalized Manakov system where the linear combination of two composite solutions, with complex coefficients, generates a third composite solution. The superposition is then written in terms of a complex rotation matrix that generates the three Pauli matrices for certain values of relative phases. This maps the rotation matrix to rotations of qubits on the Bloch sphere. Possible physical realizations in Bose–Einstein condensates and optical fibers are discussed.

我们证明，利用广义马纳科夫系统的复合孤子可以实现保利量子逻辑门。我们首先证明了复叠加原理适用于广义马纳科夫系统，即两个复合解的线性组合（具有复系数）会产生第三个复合解。然后，叠加可以用复数旋转矩阵来书写，该矩阵会在特定的相对相位值下生成三个保利矩阵。这将旋转矩阵映射到布洛赫球上的量子位旋转。本文讨论了在玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体和光纤中可能实现的物理现象。

引用次数: 0

Surface plasmon resonance sensor with 2D materials for enhanced refractive index detection of chemical pollutants in seawater

IF 3.1 3区物理与天体物理 Q2 Engineering

Optik

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijleo.2024.172157

V. Nirmal Kannan , G. Prabhakar , N. Ayyanar

This paper introduces a highly sensitive, graphene-based, multilayer surface plasmon resonance (SPR) refractive index sensor is designed for the detection of chemical pollutants in seawater. The sensor structure consists of multiple layers, specifically BK7 glass, Chromium (Cr), Copper (Cu), MXene, and Graphene. SPR sensors have gained significant attention in the field of real-time chemical sensing due to their label-free detection capabilities, high sensitivity, and excellent reproducibility. In this sensor design, the refractive index (RI) of the sensing region is altered by the interaction of chemical pollutants present in the seawater. These variations in RI directly affect the excitation of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) at the multilayer sensor interface. This interaction forms the basis for detecting chemical pollutants, as changes in RI modulate the sensor's optical response, which can be accurately measured. The performance of the proposed sensor is thoroughly evaluated using numerical simulations based on the Transfer Matrix Method (TMM). The simulations are carried out over a refractive index range of 1.329–1.433, covering the typical RI variations caused by chemical pollutants in seawater. The sensor demonstrated exceptional performance, achieving a maximum sensitivity of 186 deg/RIU at an operational wavelength of 633 nm. Additionally, the sensor is exhibited a high detection accuracy (DA) of 1.5 deg⁻¹ and a figure of merit (FOM) of 205 RIU⁻¹, highlighting its ability to precisely distinguish small changes in refractive index. These results emphasize the potential of this graphene-based SPR sensor configuration for high-performance detection of chemical pollutants, making it an excellent candidate for environmental monitoring applications. Its robust design, combined with its high sensitivity and accuracy, positions it as a promising solution for addressing challenges in seawater pollution detection and monitoring.

本文介绍了一种高灵敏度、基于石墨烯的多层表面等离子体共振（SPR）折射率传感器，用于检测海水中的化学污染物。传感器结构由多层组成，特别是 BK7 玻璃、铬（Cr）、铜（Cu）、MXene 和石墨烯。SPR 传感器具有无标记检测能力、高灵敏度和出色的重现性，因此在实时化学传感领域备受关注。在这种传感器设计中，传感区域的折射率（RI）会因海水中化学污染物的相互作用而发生变化。RI 的这些变化直接影响多层传感器界面上表面等离子体极化子 (SPP) 的激发。这种相互作用构成了检测化学污染物的基础，因为 RI 的变化会调制传感器的光学响应，从而可以对其进行精确测量。利用基于传递矩阵法（TMM）的数值模拟，对拟议传感器的性能进行了全面评估。模拟的折射率范围为 1.329-1.433，涵盖了海水中化学污染物引起的典型折射率变化。该传感器性能卓越，在工作波长为 633 纳米时，最大灵敏度达到 186 度/RIU。此外，该传感器还具有 1.5 deg-¹ 的高检测精度（DA）和 205 RIU-¹ 的优越性（FOM），突显了其精确分辨折射率微小变化的能力。这些结果凸显了这种基于石墨烯的 SPR 传感器配置在高性能检测化学污染物方面的潜力，使其成为环境监测应用的理想选择。其坚固耐用的设计、高灵敏度和高精确度，使其成为应对海水污染检测和监测挑战的一种有前途的解决方案。

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引用次数: 0

ns laser-Si interaction in air flow: The phenomena of surface etching and hetero-structuration

IF 3.1 3区物理与天体物理 Q2 Engineering

Optik

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijleo.2024.172171

Nazim Aslam , Taj Muhammad Khan , M. Zakria , Shahab Ahmed Abbasi , Ishtiaq Ahmed

This paper investigates interaction of ns laser pulses with n-type Si under two irradiation conditions: ambient air and flowing air at 16 ms⁻¹. This study was conducted using laser fluence of 1.5–2 J-cm⁻², and laser shots number n (6 ≥ n ≥ 1) at focus and off-focus. Two different topographical phenomena were observed; in flowing air, at focus surface etching dominates, while ripple formation occurred in both conditions. Both of them were strongly dependent on the laser shots and irradiation condition at focus and off-focus. In air flow, at focus or off-focus, randomly distributed etched pits form, increasing in size and population with more laser pulses. Off-focus in air flow, formation of etched patches was reduced and regular ripples transitioned into broken ripples as the shot number increased. Contrary to this, in ambient air, no etching was seen, and persistent ripples were formed, showing localised topographical interruption and fractured features with increased shots. The broken features were more dominant for the increased laser shots due to the incubation impact and the hydrodynamic instabilities of molten silicon. Raman analysis revealed a striking difference in properties of textured Si under two conditions. The distinct topographical features in air flow and ambient air reflect altered melt dynamics and ripple formation driven by laser interaction. It shows a critical role of air flow in selectively altering the surface topography through etching, ripple formation or a combination of both.

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引用次数: 0

The effect of quantum frequency conversion on the quantumness of radiation field states

IF 3.1 3区物理与天体物理 Q2 Engineering

Optik

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijleo.2024.172172

R. Usefi, M.K. Tavassoly

Analyzing the environmental response to high-power optical waves radiated into a quantum frequency converter is our aim of the paper. We examine the non-classical properties of the electromagnetic waves emitted from this system, using a fully quantum description for this nonlinear optical system. With the help of rotating wave approximation and solving the Heisenberg equations of motion for signal (strong) and idler (weak) frequencies, we study the non-classical properties of the produced output waves, including squeezing, entanglement and quantized field antibunching. Analytical and numerical results evidently confirm that most of these non-classicality signs can be revealed for the composite number and pair coherent states, as the entrance waves to the quantum frequency converter, distinctly.

引用次数: 0

Photoluminescence and thermally stimulated luminescence properties of Ba3Gd(PO4)3 single crystals doped with Dy

IF 3.1 3区物理与天体物理 Q2 Engineering

Optik

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijleo.2024.172189

Haruaki Ezawa, Yuma Takebuchi, Takumi Kato, Daisuke Nakauchi, Noriaki Kawaguchi, Takayuki Yanagida

The good optical and chemical properties of Ba₃Gd(PO₄)₃ (BGPO) make it an attractive option for use as an optical material. In this study, photoluminescence (PL) and thermally stimulated luminescence (TSL) properties of Dy-doped BGPO single crystals were investigated. The floating zone furnace was utilized to fabricate the bulk Dy-doped BGPO single crystals. Out of all the prepared Dy-doped BGPO single crystals, the 10 % Dy-doped sample exhibited the highest PL quantum yield value. All the prepared Dy-doped BGPO single crystals showed PL and TSL peaks at 310, 480, 580, 670, and 760 nm, resulting from 4f-4f transitions of Gd³⁺ and Dy³⁺. The PL decay profiles had one component with a decay time constant of approximately 0.9 ms in all the prepared Dy-doped BGPO samples. The TSL glow peak of all the prepared Dy-doped BGPO samples located at 75 ℃. The 5 % Dy-doped BGPO sample displayed the highest TSL intensity with the lower detection limit of 0.01 mGy.

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引用次数: 0

Investigation of Nitrogen/Potassium deficiency in Alternanthera sessilis plant using deep learning model combined with CF-LIBS approach 利用深度学习模型结合 CF-LIBS 方法研究 Alternanthera sessilis 植物的氮/钾缺乏情况

IF 3.1 3区物理与天体物理 Q2 Engineering

Optik

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijleo.2024.172183

Aiswarya J., Mariammal K., Sathiesh Kumar V., Veerappan K.

In this paper, the investigation on Nitrogen (N)/Potassium (K) deficiency in Alternanthera sessilis plant is carried out by using a deep learning model combined with Calibration free – Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (CF-LIBS) technique. The trained deep learning model considered is ResNet50 and DenseNet201. The models are trained and evaluated on a custom created dataset with three categories, namely Healthy, Nitrogen deficit, and Potassium deficit. A prediction accuracy of 92.10% and 98.89% is obtained using ResNet50 and DenseNet201 models, respectively. The obtained results are validated using the CF-LIBS technique. In LIBS, a high energy pulsed Nd:YAG laser (wavelength = 1064 nm, 532 nm and 355 nm) with a pulse duration and repetition rate of 6 ns and 10 Hz is used to create ablation and generate plasma. Laser irradiance varied between 1 × 10¹⁰ W/cm² to 3 × 10¹⁰ W/cm². LIBS data is used to determine the nutrient content. After extensive experimental investigation, the estimated nutrient concentration for a healthy leaf sample is Ca = 6795 ± 645 ppm, N = 4284 ± 572 ppm and K = 14407 ± 609 ppm. The samples with Nitrogen (N = 1178 ± 541 ppm) and Potassium (K = 8989 ± 581 ppm) deficits show a reduction in respective concentrations. The determined Nitrogen (N)/Potassium (K) deficiency in Alternanthera sessilis plant using a deep learning model and CF-LIBS method are related to each other. The specified method can be used to perform in-situ analysis, rapid, remote measurement and multielement identification/ranking of plant materials.

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引用次数: 0

Analysis of beam wandering and influence of partial coherence on fourth-order moment of the light field in turbulent atmosphere 分析湍流大气中的光束漂移和部分相干性对光场四阶矩的影响

IF 3.1 3区物理与天体物理 Q2 Engineering

Optik

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijleo.2024.172156

V. Andriichuk, L. Derzhypolska, I. Matsniev, O. Chumak

The method of photon distribution function (PDF) is used to study the fluctuations of light beams propagating through a turbulent atmosphere. Our analysis concerns the regime of saturated fluctuations. The focus is on the phenomena of beam wandering and the effect of partial coherence on photon density fluctuations. The size of the quasiclassical part of wandering is shown to decrease with the propagation distance, while the quantum part increases. We explain this qualitative difference by beam fragmentation that is accompanied by a loss of correlation between individual parts. The effect of the phase diffuser on the fourth moment of the irradiance is taken into account. An explicit expression obtained for the fourth moment indicates the possibility of a significant reduction of noise in the communication channel. The diffuser changes the shot noise from delta-correlated (in the spatial domain) to smoothly distributed. The theory developed here can be used to estimate the influence of the phase diffuser on light fluctuations.

光子分布函数（PDF）方法用于研究在湍流大气中传播的光束的波动。我们的分析涉及饱和波动机制。重点是光束徘徊现象和部分相干性对光子密度波动的影响。研究表明，随着传播距离的增加，光束游离的准经典部分的大小会减小，而量子部分则会增大。我们用光束分裂来解释这种质的差异，光束分裂伴随着各个部分之间相关性的丧失。我们考虑了相位扩散器对辐照度第四时刻的影响。第四时刻的明确表达式表明，通信信道中的噪声有可能显著降低。扩散器将射电噪声从三角相关（空间域）变为平滑分布。本文提出的理论可用于估算相位扩散器对光波动的影响。

引用次数: 0

DualCompliCube reflector: A novel reflex reflector design for dual standard compliance and enhanced automotive safety

IF 3.1 3区物理与天体物理 Q2 Engineering

Optik

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijleo.2024.172170

Hien-Thanh Le , Lanh-Thanh Le

This paper performs a comparative analysis of the retro-reflective efficacy of two reflector designs: the DualCompliCube structure and the conventional structure, evaluated under both European Economic Commission for Europe (ECE) and the US Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) standards across various incident angles. The findings demonstrate that the DualCompliCube structure consistently outperforms the conventional structure, achieving up to 70 % greater luminous intensity at a 0° incident angle and enhancements ranging from 69 % to 87 % at non-zero angles under the ECE standard. Even at broader angles, such as 20° Left and 20° Right, the DualCompliCube structure exhibits improvements of up to 83 %. The DualCompliCube structure's innovative design optimizes dihedral angles, enhances light distribution, and maintains superior visibility, yielding modest yet consistent improvements of up to 6 % higher Ri values compared to conventional structures. This study demonstrates that the DualCompliCube structure effectively meets the stringent demands of both ECE and SAE standards, thereby improving safety and visibility across various driving conditions.

本文根据欧洲经济委员会 (ECE) 和美国汽车工程师学会 (SAE) 的标准，对两种反射器设计的逆反射功效进行了比较分析：DualCompliCube 结构和传统结构。评估结果表明，DualCompliCube 结构的性能始终优于传统结构，在 0° 入射角时，发光强度最多可提高 70%，而在 ECE 标准下的非零角度时，发光强度可提高 69% 至 87%。即使在更大的角度，如左 20°和右 20°，DualCompliCube 结构也能实现高达 83% 的改进。DualCompliCube 结构的创新设计优化了斜角，增强了光分布，并保持了卓越的可视性，与传统结构相比，其 Ri 值适度而稳定地提高了 6%。这项研究表明，DualCompliCube 结构能有效满足 ECE 和 SAE 标准的严格要求，从而在各种驾驶条件下提高安全性和能见度。

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引用次数: 0

Interdiffusion induced changes in the absorption spectra of III-V quantum dot systems

IF 3.1 3区物理与天体物理 Q2 Engineering

Optik

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijleo.2024.172159

Subindu Kumar , Anjali Rai , Syed Sadique Anwer Askari

III-V Semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) grown with growth interruption technique do not have uniform group III composition inside the dot. Modelling such as-grown structures requires in-depth knowledge of the composition and potential well profile. In this work, we have developed a three-dimensional analytical model which incorporates strain, as well as the variation of group III composition profile in both lateral and vertical directions inside an as-grown QD in order to quantify the effect of dot size variation on the interband optical absorption spectra of as-grown QD systems. Earlier reports on this subject considered the variation of either the dot height or base to account for the size deviation, which may not be sufficient enough to predict the dot size distribution in realistic systems, where all dimensions are likely to suffer from deviation. Keeping this in mind, Gaussian distribution of dot volume has been adopted here to consider the variations of height and base of QDs in a cumulative way. In our study, we considered InGaAs/GaAs and InGaN/GaN QD systems. The non-uniform distribution of indium inside the as-grown dot leads to a non-rectangular potential well profile, which eventually transforms into a rectangular one after annealing. Through the proposed model, we have investigated the effect of inhomogeneous indium composition and dot size variation on the optical absorption spectra of InGaAs/GaAs and InGaN/GaN as-grown QD systems through Gaussian distribution of dot volume. We have also discussed the effect of size deviation on the full width at half maxima (FWHM) of both as-grown and annealed QD systems. Emphasis has been given to the changes in the conduction and valence band potential profiles due to changes in the morphology inside the dot leading to subsequent changes in the energy levels caused by composition uniformity due to annealing and interdiffusion, thus modifying the nature of absorption spectra.

采用生长中断技术生长的 III-V 族半导体量子点 (QD) 的内部 III 族成分并不均匀。对这种生长结构进行建模需要深入了解其成分和势阱剖面。在这项工作中，我们建立了一个三维分析模型，该模型包含了应变以及生长后 QD 内部 III 族成分在横向和纵向上的变化，以量化点尺寸变化对生长后 QD 系统带间光学吸收光谱的影响。早期的相关报告考虑了点高或点底的变化来解释尺寸偏差，但这可能不足以预测现实系统中的点尺寸分布，因为在现实系统中，所有尺寸都可能出现偏差。考虑到这一点，这里采用了点体积的高斯分布，以累积的方式考虑 QD 高度和基底的变化。在研究中，我们考虑了 InGaAs/GaAs 和 InGaN/GaN QD 系统。铟在生长点内的非均匀分布导致了非矩形势阱剖面，退火后最终转变为矩形势阱剖面。通过所提出的模型，我们研究了不均匀铟成分和点尺寸变化对 InGaAs/GaAs 和 InGaN/GaN 非生长 QD 系统通过点体积高斯分布产生的光吸收光谱的影响。我们还讨论了尺寸偏差对铟镓砷化镓/镓砷和铟镓氮化镓/氮化镓非生长型 QD 系统半最大值全宽（FWHM）的影响。我们重点讨论了由于点内部形态的变化而导致的传导带和价带电位曲线的变化，以及退火和相互扩散导致的成分均匀性所引起的能级的后续变化，从而改变了吸收光谱的性质。

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