We present a theoretical investigation of the optical radiation forces exerted by highly focused vortex higher-order cosine-hyperbolic-Gaussian beams (vHOChGBs) on Rayleigh dielectric spheres. Analytical expressions for the focused vHOChGBs field and the resulting gradient and scattering forces are derived, explicitly revealing their dependence on key beam parameters (decentering b, beam order N, topological charge m), particle characteristics, and the environment medium. Numerical results show that the structured intensity profiles of vHOChGBs enable simultaneous trapping of low and high-index particles. High-index particles localize in bright focal regions, while low-index particles are confined into inter-lobe minima. Stability analysis establishes that gradient forces dominate scattering and thermal effects across parameter spaces, with beam waist ω0 and topological charge m critically governing trapping potential depths. This parametric flexibility could allow precision assembly of micro/nanostructures and non-invasive biological specimen handling, advancing vHOChGBs as versatile tools for optical tweezers and biophotonics applications.
{"title":"Optical radiation forces on Rayleigh spheres produced by focused vortex higher-order cosine-hyperbolic-Gaussian beams","authors":"Abdellah Ahlane, Salma Chib, Zoubir Hricha, Abdelmajid Belafhal","doi":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172654","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172654","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We present a theoretical investigation of the optical radiation forces exerted by highly focused vortex higher-order cosine-hyperbolic-Gaussian beams (vHOChGBs) on Rayleigh dielectric spheres. Analytical expressions for the focused vHOChGBs field and the resulting gradient and scattering forces are derived, explicitly revealing their dependence on key beam parameters (decentering <em>b</em>, beam order <em>N</em>, topological charge <em>m</em>), particle characteristics, and the environment medium. Numerical results show that the structured intensity profiles of vHOChGBs enable simultaneous trapping of low and high-index particles. High-index particles localize in bright focal regions, while low-index particles are confined into inter-lobe minima. Stability analysis establishes that gradient forces dominate scattering and thermal effects across parameter spaces, with beam waist ω<sub>0</sub> and topological charge <em>m</em> critically governing trapping potential depths. This parametric flexibility could allow precision assembly of micro/nanostructures and non-invasive biological specimen handling, advancing vHOChGBs as versatile tools for optical tweezers and biophotonics applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19513,"journal":{"name":"Optik","volume":"347 ","pages":"Article 172654"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145885495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Depth of focus (DoF) is a fundamental property of optical systems, as it influences key aspects such as image quality, resolution, and tolerance. A method is presented to increase the DoF by adding high-order aspherical coefficients to one of the mirrors of the optical system. The developed method applies to finite and infinite conjugate mirror systems. Using the focal length function, the rays are positioned to determine the aspheric deformation, based on exact ray tracing and the proposed condition of equalizing the optical paths of a marginal and a paraxial ray. Two optical systems are presented. First, a microscope objective with a light sheet length increased by 390 % compared to a classic system. Second, a Telescope with a DoF of 1000 was designed. The results demonstrate the method's versatility, quickly and easily extending the DoF.
{"title":"Increasing the depth of focus in mirror optical systems using high-order aspheric coefficients","authors":"Noe Vazquez-Osorio , Jorge Castro-Ramos , Alexis Vázquez-Villa , Freddy Narea-Jiménez","doi":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172646","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172646","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Depth of focus (DoF) is a fundamental property of optical systems, as it influences key aspects such as image quality, resolution, and tolerance. A method is presented to increase the DoF by adding high-order aspherical coefficients to one of the mirrors of the optical system. The developed method applies to finite and infinite conjugate mirror systems. Using the focal length function, the rays are positioned to determine the aspheric deformation, based on exact ray tracing and the proposed condition of equalizing the optical paths of a marginal and a paraxial ray. Two optical systems are presented. First, a microscope objective with a light sheet length increased by 390 % compared to a classic system. Second, a Telescope with a DoF of 1000 <span><math><mrow><mi>μ</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow></math></span> was designed. The results demonstrate the method's versatility, quickly and easily extending the DoF.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19513,"journal":{"name":"Optik","volume":"347 ","pages":"Article 172646"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145885500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2025-12-19DOI: 10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172643
Fang Guo , Longmei Luo , Xueming Zhang , Mengsi Zhang , Youji Zhan , Guofu Lian
To enhance the efficiency of intelligent recognition of the microstructure of laser cladding coatings and optimize the evaluation methods for coating performance and quality, we introduce an image segmentation model called DendriticNet and develops an automated measurement method for the dendritic structure images of laser cladding coatings. The DendriticNet model enables precise pixel-level segmentation and recognition of three types of dendritic structures—dendritic, bulk, and equiaxed crystals—effectively overcoming the limitations of traditional metallographic recognition methods. This provides efficient and accurate technical support for the microstructural analysis of laser cladding coatings. The DendriticNet model combines transfer learning with the Res_CSP attention mechanism module, enabling accurate recognition in complex scenarios involving varying scales and overlapping dendritic structures. Additionally, it achieves qualitative characterization of dendritic microstructures at the micron scale. Experimental results demonstrate that the DendriticNet model achieves an mIoU of 80.31 %, an MPA of 88.43 %, and an accuracy of 93.01 %. By integrating the predicted images produced by the DendriticNet model with the automatic measurement method for dendritic microstructure images of laser cladding coatings, quantitative analysis is conducted to automatically calculate the density ratios of various dendritic structures. Experimental results demonstrate that the measurement accuracy for the total dendritic density ratio exceeds 96.6 %, confirming the feasibility and effectiveness of this automatic measurement method. This approach not only enables the quantitative characterization of dendritic structures at the micron scale but also offers an innovative solution for exploring the relationship between the microstructure and macroscopic performance of coatings.
{"title":"An automated measurement method for dendritic structures in laser cladding coatings using deep learning","authors":"Fang Guo , Longmei Luo , Xueming Zhang , Mengsi Zhang , Youji Zhan , Guofu Lian","doi":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172643","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172643","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To enhance the efficiency of intelligent recognition of the microstructure of laser cladding coatings and optimize the evaluation methods for coating performance and quality, we introduce an image segmentation model called DendriticNet and develops an automated measurement method for the dendritic structure images of laser cladding coatings. The DendriticNet model enables precise pixel-level segmentation and recognition of three types of dendritic structures—dendritic, bulk, and equiaxed crystals—effectively overcoming the limitations of traditional metallographic recognition methods. This provides efficient and accurate technical support for the microstructural analysis of laser cladding coatings. The DendriticNet model combines transfer learning with the Res_CSP attention mechanism module, enabling accurate recognition in complex scenarios involving varying scales and overlapping dendritic structures. Additionally, it achieves qualitative characterization of dendritic microstructures at the micron scale. Experimental results demonstrate that the DendriticNet model achieves an mIoU of 80.31 %, an MPA of 88.43 %, and an accuracy of 93.01 %. By integrating the predicted images produced by the DendriticNet model with the automatic measurement method for dendritic microstructure images of laser cladding coatings, quantitative analysis is conducted to automatically calculate the density ratios of various dendritic structures. Experimental results demonstrate that the measurement accuracy for the total dendritic density ratio exceeds 96.6 %, confirming the feasibility and effectiveness of this automatic measurement method. This approach not only enables the quantitative characterization of dendritic structures at the micron scale but also offers an innovative solution for exploring the relationship between the microstructure and macroscopic performance of coatings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19513,"journal":{"name":"Optik","volume":"347 ","pages":"Article 172643"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145814298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2025-12-18DOI: 10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172642
Ahmed Sameer Hatem Alani, Aqilah Baseri Huddin, Norhana Arsad
This work presents a highly efficient multilayer biosensor based on dual‑resonance Tamm plasmon polaritons (TPPs), designed for ultra‑sensitive detection of lung cancer cells. The sensor employs a thin metal-dielectric interface integrated atop an all-dielectric photonic crystal, enabling two ultra-narrowband resonances under normal incidence without the use of coupling prisms or gratings. Numerical modeling using the transfer matrix method (TMM) confirms strong field confinement at the metal-sample interface, resulting in high spectral selectivity and dual resonance modes with full width at half maximum (FWHM) values of 0.133 nm and 0.143 nm. The corresponding quality factors (Q) reach 4029 and 3778, and figures of merit (FoM) are 90 RIU−1 and 106 RIU−1, respectively. The device exhibits sensitivities of 12 nm/RIU and 15.1 nm/RIU for a refractive index variation of ΔnS = 0.01. For biological testing with A549 lung cells, resonance shifts of 0.20 nm and 0.23 nm are observed between healthy (n = 1.3662) and cancerous (n = 1.3568) samples. Considering a spectrometer resolution of 0.1 nm, the minimum detectable refractive index changes are 8.3 × 10−3 RIU and 6.6 × 10−3 RIU for the two resonances. Due to its ultra‑narrow linewidth, high FoM, label‑free operation, and compatibility with standard thin‑film fabrication, the proposed TPP‑based biosensor offers a compact and accurate platform for real‑time optical cancer diagnostics.
{"title":"Dual-resonance multilayer Tamm plasmon polariton biosensor for cancer cell detection","authors":"Ahmed Sameer Hatem Alani, Aqilah Baseri Huddin, Norhana Arsad","doi":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172642","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172642","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work presents a highly efficient multilayer biosensor based on dual‑resonance Tamm plasmon polaritons (TPPs), designed for ultra‑sensitive detection of lung cancer cells. The sensor employs a thin metal-dielectric interface integrated atop an all-dielectric photonic crystal, enabling two ultra-narrowband resonances under normal incidence without the use of coupling prisms or gratings. Numerical modeling using the transfer matrix method (TMM) confirms strong field confinement at the metal-sample interface, resulting in high spectral selectivity and dual resonance modes with full width at half maximum (FWHM) values of 0.133 nm and 0.143 nm. The corresponding quality factors (<em>Q</em>) reach 4029 and 3778, and figures of merit (FoM) are 90 RIU<sup>−1</sup> and 106 RIU<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. The device exhibits sensitivities of 12 nm/RIU and 15.1 nm/RIU for a refractive index variation of Δ<em>n</em><sub><em>S</em></sub> = 0.01. For biological testing with A549 lung cells, resonance shifts of 0.20 nm and 0.23 nm are observed between healthy (<em>n</em> = 1.3662) and cancerous (<em>n</em> = 1.3568) samples. Considering a spectrometer resolution of 0.1 nm, the minimum detectable refractive index changes are 8.3 × 10<sup>−3</sup> RIU and 6.6 × 10<sup>−3</sup> RIU for the two resonances. Due to its ultra‑narrow linewidth, high FoM, label‑free operation, and compatibility with standard thin‑film fabrication, the proposed TPP‑based biosensor offers a compact and accurate platform for real‑time optical cancer diagnostics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19513,"journal":{"name":"Optik","volume":"347 ","pages":"Article 172642"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145842307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We investigate macroscopic quantum coherence in a hybrid magnomechanical system consisting of a microwave cavity with a yttrium iron garnet (YIG) sphere coupled to an auxiliary microwave cavity. By solving the Lyapunov equation and analyzing the steady-state mean values, we use the magnetic dipole interaction between the cavity mode and the magnon mode, as well as the magnetostrictive interaction between the magnon mode and the mechanical vibrations of the YIG sphere, to generate and transfer Gaussian quantum coherence across different subsystems. Our results reveal that significant quantum coherence can be realized between various bipartitions, even at high temperatures. We identify optimal parameter regimes that enhance coherence, offering insights into the robust generation and control of quantum correlations in macroscopic systems. These findings contribute to the advancement of macroscopic quantum technologies and highlight promising directions for quantum information processing.
{"title":"Generation of quantum coherence in a magnomechanical system","authors":"Mulugeta Tadesse Bedore , Tesfay Gebremariam Tesfahannes , Tewodros Yirgashewa Darge , Menisha Alemu Tufa , Abdelkader Hidki , Habtamu Dagnaw Mekonnen , Muhdin Abdo Wodedo , Philippe Djorwe","doi":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172653","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172653","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We investigate macroscopic quantum coherence in a hybrid magnomechanical system consisting of a microwave cavity with a yttrium iron garnet (YIG) sphere coupled to an auxiliary microwave cavity. By solving the Lyapunov equation and analyzing the steady-state mean values, we use the magnetic dipole interaction between the cavity mode and the magnon mode, as well as the magnetostrictive interaction between the magnon mode and the mechanical vibrations of the YIG sphere, to generate and transfer Gaussian quantum coherence across different subsystems. Our results reveal that significant quantum coherence can be realized between various bipartitions, even at high temperatures. We identify optimal parameter regimes that enhance coherence, offering insights into the robust generation and control of quantum correlations in macroscopic systems. These findings contribute to the advancement of macroscopic quantum technologies and highlight promising directions for quantum information processing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19513,"journal":{"name":"Optik","volume":"347 ","pages":"Article 172653"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145885497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2026-01-19DOI: 10.1016/j.ijleo.2026.172674
A.-B.A. Mohamed , E.K. Jaradat , S.S. Alharbi
A comprehensive theoretical investigation of quantum correlations (Bell nonlocality, EPR steering, and entanglement) in a nanowire is presented. We analyze the system’s thermal state to determine how a perpendicular magnetic field, Rashba spin-orbit (RSO) interaction, and an external electric field (EEF) interact to maintain non-classicality in the presence of thermal decoherence. Our results reveal a competition between the RSO interaction, which generates the quantum resources, and the Zeeman effect from the magnetic field, which acts to suppress them. Furthermore, a resonant revival of quantum correlations driven by the EEF is demonstrated, even in regimes of high temperature and strong magnetic fields where they are suppressed. This phenomenon originates from a cancellation of the Zeeman-induced spin alignment by the EEF’s orbital perturbation, which restores the efficacy of the RSO entanglement. Specifically, we show that tuning the electric field enables the recovery of entanglement and steering at temperatures where they are otherwise extinguished. These findings highlight a pathway for dynamic control of quantum resources in solid-state spintronic devices, relevant for quantum information applications.
{"title":"Thermal robustness of nanowire quantum correlations with rashba spin-orbit interaction and external fields","authors":"A.-B.A. Mohamed , E.K. Jaradat , S.S. Alharbi","doi":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2026.172674","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2026.172674","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A comprehensive theoretical investigation of quantum correlations (Bell nonlocality, EPR steering, and entanglement) in a nanowire is presented. We analyze the system’s thermal state to determine how a perpendicular magnetic field, Rashba spin-orbit (RSO) interaction, and an external electric field (EEF) interact to maintain non-classicality in the presence of thermal decoherence. Our results reveal a competition between the RSO interaction, which generates the quantum resources, and the Zeeman effect from the magnetic field, which acts to suppress them. Furthermore, a resonant revival of quantum correlations driven by the EEF is demonstrated, even in regimes of high temperature and strong magnetic fields where they are suppressed. This phenomenon originates from a cancellation of the Zeeman-induced spin alignment by the EEF’s orbital perturbation, which restores the efficacy of the RSO entanglement. Specifically, we show that tuning the electric field enables the recovery of entanglement and steering at temperatures where they are otherwise extinguished. These findings highlight a pathway for dynamic control of quantum resources in solid-state spintronic devices, relevant for quantum information applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19513,"journal":{"name":"Optik","volume":"347 ","pages":"Article 172674"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146023149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This work introduces the so-called shape artificial intelligence as an unsupervised artificial intelligence (AI) methodology for the automated design of photonic crystals (PCs) with optimized flat bands. We apply this method to a 2D square lattice PC with rotating dielectric rods, demonstrating its ability to identify geometric configurations that maximize band flatness across the Brillouin zone. These flat bands are almost unaffected when propagating past large dielectric obstacles. This suggests the potential for identifying topological properties. The results highlight the power of the RD method as a generalizable tool for advanced photonic engineering, with applications in high-density integrated circuits, nonlinear optics, and sensing.
{"title":"Flat band fine-tuning in photonic crystals via unsupervised shape artificial intelligence","authors":"J.G. Cardona , H.A. Gómez-Urrea , M.E. Mora-Ramos , F.J. Caro-Lopera","doi":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2026.172669","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2026.172669","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work introduces the so-called shape artificial intelligence as an unsupervised artificial intelligence (AI) methodology for the automated design of photonic crystals (PCs) with optimized flat bands. We apply this method to a 2D square lattice PC with rotating dielectric rods, demonstrating its ability to identify geometric configurations that maximize band flatness across the Brillouin zone. These flat bands are almost unaffected when propagating past large dielectric obstacles. This suggests the potential for identifying topological properties. The results highlight the power of the RD method as a generalizable tool for advanced photonic engineering, with applications in high-density integrated circuits, nonlinear optics, and sensing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19513,"journal":{"name":"Optik","volume":"347 ","pages":"Article 172669"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145978584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2026-01-12DOI: 10.1016/j.ijleo.2026.172671
P. Sushma Chowdary , V.Vijayasri Bolisetty , U. Yedukondalu , Bokkisam Venkata Sai Sailaja
In this paper, a four-port wideband MIMO antenna is developed for future 6 G wireless communication systems. The proposed disk-shaped antenna consists of four identical disk-shaped elements arranged uniformly around a circular structure. This uniform arrangement helps maintain geometric balance and minimizes mutual coupling. All the disk patterns are arranged equidistantly around the centrally etched flower-like structure, which ensures the symmetrical geometry of the proposed antenna. These slots are helpful in generating a super-wide bandwidth ranging from 1.81 THz to 4.1513 THz. To further enhance the efficiency of the antenna, hexagonal slots are etched on the ground plane. The hexagonally etched slots on the ground reduce signal reflection losses. The overall dimensions of the four-port MIMO antenna are 800 × 800 × 50 µm³ , and it is designed on a silicon substrate with a relative permittivity of 11.9. The proposed antenna achieves a super-wide bandwidth ranging from 0.926 THz to 5.5411 THz and a peak gain of 7 dB. MIMO performance parameters such as diversity gain, Total Active Reflection Coefficient (TARC), Envelope Correlation Coefficient (ECC), and Channel Capacity Loss (CCL) are evaluated, and all lie within acceptable ranges. The disk-shaped antenna demonstrates super-wideband characteristics, high resolution, and a low reflection coefficient. The disk-shaped antenna operates at 1.8175 THz, 2.5911 THz, 3.286 THz, and 4.1513 THz, with reflection coefficients of −28.02 dB, −35.723 dB, −37.11 dB, and −32.35 dB, respectively. Considering to its compact size, wide bandwidth, and stable radiation characteristics, the proposed disk-shaped antenna is well suited for high-speed THz communication and beyond-6G wireless applications.
{"title":"Performance evaluation of multi band disk-shaped terahertz MIMO antenna with hexagon slots on ground for future 6 G and terahertz communication system","authors":"P. Sushma Chowdary , V.Vijayasri Bolisetty , U. Yedukondalu , Bokkisam Venkata Sai Sailaja","doi":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2026.172671","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2026.172671","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, a four-port wideband MIMO antenna is developed for future 6 G wireless communication systems. The proposed disk-shaped antenna consists of four identical disk-shaped elements arranged uniformly around a circular structure. This uniform arrangement helps maintain geometric balance and minimizes mutual coupling. All the disk patterns are arranged equidistantly around the centrally etched flower-like structure, which ensures the symmetrical geometry of the proposed antenna. These slots are helpful in generating a super-wide bandwidth ranging from 1.81 THz to 4.1513 THz. To further enhance the efficiency of the antenna, hexagonal slots are etched on the ground plane. The hexagonally etched slots on the ground reduce signal reflection losses. The overall dimensions of the four-port MIMO antenna are 800 × 800 × 50 µm³ , and it is designed on a silicon substrate with a relative permittivity of 11.9. The proposed antenna achieves a super-wide bandwidth ranging from 0.926 THz to 5.5411 THz and a peak gain of 7 dB. MIMO performance parameters such as diversity gain, Total Active Reflection Coefficient (TARC), Envelope Correlation Coefficient (ECC), and Channel Capacity Loss (CCL) are evaluated, and all lie within acceptable ranges. The disk-shaped antenna demonstrates super-wideband characteristics, high resolution, and a low reflection coefficient. The disk-shaped antenna operates at 1.8175 THz, 2.5911 THz, 3.286 THz, and 4.1513 THz, with reflection coefficients of −28.02 dB, −35.723 dB, −37.11 dB, and −32.35 dB, respectively. Considering to its compact size, wide bandwidth, and stable radiation characteristics, the proposed disk-shaped antenna is well suited for high-speed THz communication and beyond-6G wireless applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19513,"journal":{"name":"Optik","volume":"347 ","pages":"Article 172671"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145978582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2025-12-30DOI: 10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172655
Alagu Vibisha G , Senthilkumar V , Priyadharsini N , Habibur Rahman S.M. , Jaroszewic Z , Rajesh K.B.
This study presents a high-performance surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor employing a novel hybrid Kretschmann configuration for non-invasive urine glucose monitoring in diabetes management. The sensor integrates a CaF2 prism, an optimized Cu-Ni bimetallic layer, a MAPbBr3 perovskite sensitivity-enhancer, and a 2D nanomaterial interface to facilitate biomolecular interactions. Comprehensive numerical modeling via the transfer matrix method demonstrates exceptional performance, revealing a progressive angular sensitivity increase (330–615.1°/RIU) across clinically relevant glucose concentrations (0.625–10gdL-¹). Achieved figures of merit (151.6–186.9RIU-¹) confirm the platform's analytical precision. Featuring cost-effective fabrication potential, remarkable stability, and superior sensitivity, this SPR biosensor offers significant promise for developing practical non-invasive diabetes monitoring solutions.
{"title":"MAPbBr3-2D material based on ultrahigh efficiency urine glucose detection SPR sensor","authors":"Alagu Vibisha G , Senthilkumar V , Priyadharsini N , Habibur Rahman S.M. , Jaroszewic Z , Rajesh K.B.","doi":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172655","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172655","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a high-performance surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor employing a novel hybrid Kretschmann configuration for non-invasive urine glucose monitoring in diabetes management. The sensor integrates a CaF<sub>2</sub> prism, an optimized Cu-Ni bimetallic layer, a MAPbBr<sub>3</sub> perovskite sensitivity-enhancer, and a 2D nanomaterial interface to facilitate biomolecular interactions. Comprehensive numerical modeling via the transfer matrix method demonstrates exceptional performance, revealing a progressive angular sensitivity increase (330–615.1°/RIU) across clinically relevant glucose concentrations (0.625–10gdL<sup>-</sup>¹). Achieved figures of merit (151.6–186.9RIU<sup>-</sup>¹) confirm the platform's analytical precision. Featuring cost-effective fabrication potential, remarkable stability, and superior sensitivity, this SPR biosensor offers significant promise for developing practical non-invasive diabetes monitoring solutions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19513,"journal":{"name":"Optik","volume":"347 ","pages":"Article 172655"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145885494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Reversible Data Hiding (RDH) in the encrypted domain has gained significant attention due to its wide range of applications and the growing need for security and privacy in secure communication. However, existing methods often face challenges, including low embedding capacity, high communication overhead, security vulnerabilities, and overflow/underflow. Addressing these limitations, this paper proposes an efficient separable RDH in Encrypted Images (RDH-EI) method based on a contingent bit-pair. Embedding data at the contingent bit-pair level enhances the embedding capacity and fortifies the security and privacy of both the user message and the plain cover. The embedding process modifies the Most Significant Bits (MSBs) of interpolated pixels according to the proposed bit-pair rule set. Each encrypted cover byte can contribute up to seven bits for data embedding, enabling greater data concealment. At the receiving end, the extraction process recovers the embedded message by reconstructing it using the XOR operation and the plain cover by reversing the encryption, requiring no overhead for recovery. The proposed method is evaluated against state-of-the-art techniques, and results demonstrate significant enhancements in embedding capacity. It achieves a maximum embedding capacity of 455,175 bits at a bit rate of 1.7432 bpp, utilizing minimal execution time over BOWS2, USC-SIPI, and Kodak datasets, low distortion, and perfect reversibility, making it suitable for secure data transmission.
{"title":"Contingent bit-pair based high capacity reversible data hiding technique in encrypted images for secure message communication","authors":"Sanjay Kumar , KJ Shruthikeerthi , Gurjit Singh Walia , Dhana Lakshmi MP","doi":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172645","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172645","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reversible Data Hiding (RDH) in the encrypted domain has gained significant attention due to its wide range of applications and the growing need for security and privacy in secure communication. However, existing methods often face challenges, including low embedding capacity, high communication overhead, security vulnerabilities, and overflow/underflow. Addressing these limitations, this paper proposes an efficient separable RDH in Encrypted Images (RDH-EI) method based on a contingent bit-pair. Embedding data at the contingent bit-pair level enhances the embedding capacity and fortifies the security and privacy of both the user message and the plain cover. The embedding process modifies the Most Significant Bits (MSBs) of interpolated pixels according to the proposed bit-pair rule set. Each encrypted cover byte can contribute up to seven bits for data embedding, enabling greater data concealment. At the receiving end, the extraction process recovers the embedded message by reconstructing it using the XOR operation and the plain cover by reversing the encryption, requiring no overhead for recovery. The proposed method is evaluated against state-of-the-art techniques, and results demonstrate significant enhancements in embedding capacity. It achieves a maximum embedding capacity of 455,175 bits at a bit rate of 1.7432 bpp, utilizing minimal execution time over BOWS2, USC-SIPI, and Kodak datasets, low distortion, and perfect reversibility, making it suitable for secure data transmission.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19513,"journal":{"name":"Optik","volume":"347 ","pages":"Article 172645"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145885498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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