Pub Date : 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172582
Reda Er-Roukhou , Ossama El Abouti , El Houssaine El Boudouti
In this paper, we proposed a plasmonic sensor based on a waveguide coupled to a triangular ring-like cavity and groove. This structure achieves an ultra-high sensitivity of 1750 nm/RIU and a figure of merit (FOM) of 40. The detection of refractive index changes has been numerically investigated. Simulation results demonstrate that sharp Fano resonance profiles arise from the interference between the discrete modes of the triangular cavity and the continuum modes of the groove-waveguide system. The proposed design exhibits strong potential for applications in high-sensitivity optical biosensing, such as detecting biomolecular interactions, and wavelength-selective optical filtering, leveraging its tunable dual-Fano resonance behavior.
{"title":"Plasmonic sensor based on multiple Fano resonances in metal–insulator–metal waveguide coupled with a triangular ring-like cavity and groove","authors":"Reda Er-Roukhou , Ossama El Abouti , El Houssaine El Boudouti","doi":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172582","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172582","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, we proposed a plasmonic sensor based on a waveguide coupled to a triangular ring-like cavity and groove. This structure achieves an ultra-high sensitivity of 1750 nm/RIU and a figure of merit (FOM) of 40. The detection of refractive index changes has been numerically investigated. Simulation results demonstrate that sharp Fano resonance profiles arise from the interference between the discrete modes of the triangular cavity and the continuum modes of the groove-waveguide system. The proposed design exhibits strong potential for applications in high-sensitivity optical biosensing, such as detecting biomolecular interactions, and wavelength-selective optical filtering, leveraging its tunable dual-Fano resonance behavior.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19513,"journal":{"name":"Optik","volume":"344 ","pages":"Article 172582"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145428596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172583
S. Anand, R.S. Sowparnika, S. Shalini
Wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) is a noninvasive method to visualize the inside of the digestive tract. A WCE image frequently has low contrast, variable lightness, and poor visibility due to the camera's limited capabilities, and traditional enhancing techniques are difficult to apply in many situations. Most approaches use predetermined parameters and ignore intrinsic information; they are unable to maintain true color without introducing incorrect data. The proposed method transfers the colors using a generative adversarial network (GAN) and an unsupervised image-to-image translation (UNIT) model. The proposed model proposes an adaptive four-discriminator UNIT (Ada4D-U) designed to learn the translation between two visual domains. It consists of one generator () and four adaptive . Two are used for adaptive color adjustment, and another two are used for adaptive feature mapping. Two WCE datasets, Kvasir and Red Lesion (RL), are used to evaluate enhanced image quality via reference and non-reference metrics. The proposed approach performs better in terms of image quality and the structural similarity index. The Frechet inception distance (FID) metric is used to measure how much the proposed UNIT model has improved. The proposed method is applied as a pre-processing step for WCE tasks, including bleeding lesion detection and lesion segmentation, and its effectiveness is demonstrated on the RL dataset. The performance increase in segmentation and detection is analyzed using metrics such as accuracy, F1 score, dice coefficient, Jaccard index, and so forth.
{"title":"Deep color transfer learning for wireless capsule endoscope image enhancement using adaptive multiple discriminator UNIT","authors":"S. Anand, R.S. Sowparnika, S. Shalini","doi":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172583","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172583","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) is a noninvasive method to visualize the inside of the digestive tract. A WCE image frequently has low contrast, variable lightness, and poor visibility due to the camera's limited capabilities, and traditional enhancing techniques are difficult to apply in many situations. Most approaches use predetermined parameters and ignore intrinsic information; they are unable to maintain true color without introducing incorrect data. The proposed method transfers the colors using a generative adversarial network (GAN) and an unsupervised image-to-image translation (UNIT) model. The proposed model proposes an adaptive four-discriminator <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>D</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span> UNIT (Ada4D-U) designed to learn the translation between two visual domains. It consists of one generator (<span><math><mi>G</mi></math></span>) and four adaptive <span><math><mi>D</mi></math></span>. Two <span><math><mi>D</mi></math></span> are used for adaptive color adjustment, and another two <span><math><mi>D</mi></math></span> are used for adaptive feature mapping. Two WCE datasets, Kvasir and Red Lesion (RL), are used to evaluate enhanced image quality via reference and non-reference metrics. The proposed approach performs better in terms of image quality and the structural similarity index. The Frechet inception distance (FID) metric is used to measure how much the proposed UNIT model has improved. The proposed method is applied as a pre-processing step for WCE tasks, including bleeding lesion detection and lesion segmentation, and its effectiveness is demonstrated on the RL dataset. The performance increase in segmentation and detection is analyzed using metrics such as accuracy, F1 score, dice coefficient, Jaccard index, and so forth.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19513,"journal":{"name":"Optik","volume":"344 ","pages":"Article 172583"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145475971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-31DOI: 10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172580
Abebe Yeshaw, Misrak Getahun
We consider the cavity modes whose cavity contains a nonlinear crystal generating correlated light and a lambda three-level atom, and both the atom and cavity modes are coupled to squeezed vacuum reservoirs. The statistical properties of the cavity lights are analyzed by employing the expectation values of the atomic and cavity modes variables at a steady state. The finding demonstrates that the two cavity modes have equal mean photon numbers and second-order correlation functions with super-Poissonian photon statistics. It is found that the nonlinear crystal in the cavity and squeezed vacuum reservoirs enhance the mean photon number of the cavity modes, but the atom–cavity coupling strength reduces the mean photon number. The probability of observing an equal number of modes’ photons in the cavity is higher than that of observing different numbers of photons.
{"title":"Cavity modes’ photon statistics of parametric oscillator with lambda three-level atom and squeezed vacuum reservoirs","authors":"Abebe Yeshaw, Misrak Getahun","doi":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172580","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172580","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We consider the cavity modes whose cavity contains a nonlinear crystal generating correlated light and a lambda three-level atom, and both the atom and cavity modes are coupled to squeezed vacuum reservoirs. The statistical properties of the cavity lights are analyzed by employing the expectation values of the atomic and cavity modes variables at a steady state. The finding demonstrates that the two cavity modes have equal mean photon numbers and second-order correlation functions with super-Poissonian photon statistics. It is found that the nonlinear crystal in the cavity and squeezed vacuum reservoirs enhance the mean photon number of the cavity modes, but the atom–cavity coupling strength reduces the mean photon number. The probability of observing an equal number of modes’ photons in the cavity is higher than that of observing different numbers of photons.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19513,"journal":{"name":"Optik","volume":"342 ","pages":"Article 172580"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145420129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-31DOI: 10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172585
Feifan Li , Yongmo Lv , Chen Wang , Jianting Fu , Hengqing Cui , Jun Shen , Haibo Jiang , Shaoyun Yin
Existing holographic speckle diffusers are limited by the speckle exposure method, which can only achieve circular or elliptical scattering light patterns. In this paper, based on the mechanism that the scattered light pattern of a holographic diffuser is determined by its recorded spatial frequency spectrum (SFS) of the speckle field, a frequency spectrum modulation system for the preparation of holographic diffuser is proposed and designed. By precisely controlling the SFS of the speckle field, holographic diffusers capable of producing scattered light patterns such as squares, diamonds, hexagons, etc. have been prepared. The method proposed in this paper addresses the preparation of holographic speckle diffusers for complex scattered light patterns, which is expected to broaden the application areas of holographic diffusers further.
{"title":"Holographic speckle diffusers with complex scattered beam patterns realized by using a frequency spectrum modulation system","authors":"Feifan Li , Yongmo Lv , Chen Wang , Jianting Fu , Hengqing Cui , Jun Shen , Haibo Jiang , Shaoyun Yin","doi":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172585","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172585","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Existing holographic speckle diffusers are limited by the speckle exposure method, which can only achieve circular or elliptical scattering light patterns. In this paper, based on the mechanism that the scattered light pattern of a holographic diffuser is determined by its recorded spatial frequency spectrum (SFS) of the speckle field, a frequency spectrum modulation system for the preparation of holographic diffuser is proposed and designed. By precisely controlling the SFS of the speckle field, holographic diffusers capable of producing scattered light patterns such as squares, diamonds, hexagons, etc. have been prepared. The method proposed in this paper addresses the preparation of holographic speckle diffusers for complex scattered light patterns, which is expected to broaden the application areas of holographic diffusers further.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19513,"journal":{"name":"Optik","volume":"345 ","pages":"Article 172585"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145570771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-29DOI: 10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172579
Guilin Wen
Mirror symmetry is commonly used to describe parity conservation in physics. This kind of chiral symmetry concept originates from daily observations and the virtual image principle of plane-mirror imaging. However, no one can measure accurately the symmetry between an object and its plane-mirror image in the real world. The aim of this paper is to propose the asymmetry of plane-mirror imaging itself as a novel conclusion in optics. The theoretical foundation of this asymmetry is the new reflection nature of imaging that mirror image results from diffused reflection, not from the traditional specular reflection. An experiment equivalent to the process of observing mirror images using human’s eyes is first built to show the fact that plane mirror can produce REAL image on light screen in front of the mirror. Some other experiments and optical analyses are then implemented to validate that the traditional virtual image theory does not provide the symmetry of plane-mirror imaging. Furthermore, based on the microscopic reflecting mechanism of polarized Mobius-strip effect, one can obtain the properties on spatial shift of reflection point to incident point, and breaking of space inversion invariance. Viewed from both microscopic light-medium interaction and geometric optics, these results can confirm astonishingly the asymmetry of plane-mirror imaging itself.
{"title":"Asymmetry of plane-mirror imaging","authors":"Guilin Wen","doi":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172579","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172579","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mirror symmetry is commonly used to describe parity conservation in physics. This kind of chiral symmetry concept originates from daily observations and the virtual image principle of plane-mirror imaging. However, no one can measure accurately the symmetry between an object and its plane-mirror image in the real world. The aim of this paper is to propose the asymmetry of plane-mirror imaging itself as a novel conclusion in optics. The theoretical foundation of this asymmetry is the new reflection nature of imaging that mirror image results from diffused reflection, not from the traditional specular reflection. An experiment equivalent to the process of observing mirror images using human’s eyes is first built to show the fact that plane mirror can produce REAL image on light screen in front of the mirror. Some other experiments and optical analyses are then implemented to validate that the traditional virtual image theory does not provide the symmetry of plane-mirror imaging. Furthermore, based on the microscopic reflecting mechanism of polarized Mobius-strip effect, one can obtain the properties on spatial shift of reflection point to incident point, and breaking of space inversion invariance. Viewed from both microscopic light-medium interaction and geometric optics, these results can confirm astonishingly the asymmetry of plane-mirror imaging itself.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19513,"journal":{"name":"Optik","volume":"342 ","pages":"Article 172579"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145420130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Transparent ceramics are promising as materials of phosphors, but there are few examples of transparent ceramics being used as scintillators. In this study, Ce:SrF2 translucent ceramics were selected as a new material and were obtained by spark plasma sintering. The average grain size was ∼100 μm for the 0.01 % Ce:SrF2 translucent ceramic and decreased to ∼40 μm with increasing Ce concentration. The total transmittance of Ce:SrF2 translucent ceramics was approximately 50 % in the range of 350–800 nm. All the samples exhibited photoluminescence and scintillation peaks at 310 and 330 nm, attributed to the 5d–4f transitions of Ce3+. The photoluminescence quantum yield and scintillation light yield of the 0.1 % Ce:SrF2 translucent ceramic were 29.4 % and 2400 ph/MeV, respectively.
{"title":"Optical and scintillation characteristics of Ce:SrF2 translucent ceramics","authors":"Takumi Kato, Daisuke Nakauchi, Noriaki Kawaguchi, Takayuki Yanagida","doi":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172569","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172569","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Transparent ceramics are promising as materials of phosphors, but there are few examples of transparent ceramics being used as scintillators. In this study, Ce:SrF<sub>2</sub> translucent ceramics were selected as a new material and were obtained by spark plasma sintering. The average grain size was ∼100 μm for the 0.01 % Ce:SrF<sub>2</sub> translucent ceramic and decreased to ∼40 μm with increasing Ce concentration. The total transmittance of Ce:SrF<sub>2</sub> translucent ceramics was approximately 50 % in the range of 350–800 nm. All the samples exhibited photoluminescence and scintillation peaks at 310 and 330 nm, attributed to the 5d–4f transitions of Ce<sup>3+</sup>. The photoluminescence quantum yield and scintillation light yield of the 0.1 % Ce:SrF<sub>2</sub> translucent ceramic were 29.4 % and 2400 ph/MeV, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19513,"journal":{"name":"Optik","volume":"341 ","pages":"Article 172569"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145365162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, we present a one-dimensional photonic coupler system based on Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT) resonances, designed to connect a single input to three outputs through a loop structure characterized by the dimensions d₀₁ and d₀₂. The proposed coupler operates as an ON–OFF switch and serves as the basis for multi-output multiplexers capable of filtering electromagnetic waves at distinct frequencies as required. The photonic coupler enables efficient transfer of electromagnetic waves between waveguides at specific frequencies by means of controlled coupling. The investigated structure consists of a resonant circuit connected to four semi-infinite waveguides. The resonant circuit, composed of waveguide segments and resonators, provides frequency-selective transmission in each channel, with the filtered frequency determined by the geometric parameters of the system.
{"title":"Theoretical approach of a 1D photonic coupler based on electromagnetically induced transparency resonances","authors":"Younes Errouas , Ilyass El kadmiri , Youssef Ben-Ali , Driss Bria","doi":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172570","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172570","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, we present a one-dimensional photonic coupler system based on Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT) resonances, designed to connect a single input to three outputs through a loop structure characterized by the dimensions <em>d₀₁</em> and <em>d₀₂</em>. The proposed coupler operates as an ON–OFF switch and serves as the basis for multi-output multiplexers capable of filtering electromagnetic waves at distinct frequencies as required. The photonic coupler enables efficient transfer of electromagnetic waves between waveguides at specific frequencies by means of controlled coupling. The investigated structure consists of a resonant circuit connected to four semi-infinite waveguides. The resonant circuit, composed of waveguide segments and resonators, provides frequency-selective transmission in each channel, with the filtered frequency determined by the geometric parameters of the system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19513,"journal":{"name":"Optik","volume":"342 ","pages":"Article 172570"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145420131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-17DOI: 10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172549
Bharti, Joyee Ghosh
This paper provides a comprehensive examination of Zeeman Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT) in a closed double system, with a particular emphasis on the transition of Rb. We investigate the impact of magnetic field, probe beam ellipticity, and coupling intensity on atomic system properties considering a circularly polarized () probe and linearly polarized () coupling beams. The study explores the absorption properties of the system through the peak transmission and EIT width. Furthermore, we also study the dispersive characteristics of the Rb atomic medium, including the group index, group velocity, and group delay of the probe beam, in the presence and absence of a magnetic field for a double system. The transmission profile and the rotation of the probe’s polarization are also examined in relation to the probe’s ellipticity and magnetic field. Additionally, the paper emphasizes the process of transitioning from slow light to fast light through the optimization of some parameters including the magnetic field and probe ellipticity considering double system.
{"title":"Sub luminal light to super luminal light transition in a double−Λ-system in 87Rb vapor","authors":"Bharti, Joyee Ghosh","doi":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172549","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172549","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper provides a comprehensive examination of Zeeman Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT) in a closed double<span><math><mrow><mo>−</mo><mi>Λ</mi></mrow></math></span> system, with a particular emphasis on the <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>D</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> transition of <span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>87</mn></mrow></msup></math></span>Rb. We investigate the impact of magnetic field, probe beam ellipticity, and coupling intensity on atomic system properties considering a circularly polarized (<span><math><msup><mrow><mi>σ</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>±</mo></mrow></msup></math></span>) probe and linearly polarized (<span><math><mi>π</mi></math></span>) coupling beams. The study explores the absorption properties of the system through the peak transmission and EIT width. Furthermore, we also study the dispersive characteristics of the <span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>87</mn></mrow></msup></math></span>Rb atomic medium, including the group index, group velocity, and group delay of the probe beam, in the presence and absence of a magnetic field for a double<span><math><mrow><mo>−</mo><mi>Λ</mi></mrow></math></span> system. The transmission profile and the rotation of the probe’s polarization are also examined in relation to the probe’s ellipticity and magnetic field. Additionally, the paper emphasizes the process of transitioning from slow light to fast light through the optimization of some parameters including the magnetic field and probe ellipticity considering double<span><math><mrow><mo>−</mo><mi>Λ</mi></mrow></math></span> system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19513,"journal":{"name":"Optik","volume":"341 ","pages":"Article 172549"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145323773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-14DOI: 10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172556
Mohammad Zaheer Ansari
Using visible light biospeckle laser imaging (BLI), it is possible to track micro-insects. We present a biospeckle imaging system for real-time monitoring and tracking of micro-insects on leaf surface. A biospeckle technique integrated with PIV for real-time monitoring and individual tracking of live micro-insects is introduced. The study demonstrates how laser speckle patterns can be used to detect and visualize insect movement, offering a non-invasive and low-cost alternative to traditional insect monitoring methods. We employ the Generalized Differences (GD) algorithm to process speckle images and extract the local positions of moving insects over time. The experiment successfully tracks an ant’s movement, showcasing the system’s ability to generate activity maps and reconstruct insect trajectories. The study highlights the potential applications of BLI in environmental monitoring, pollinator tracking, and automated insect population assessment. The method is promising, particularly in its noninvasive nature and potential low-cost implementation.
{"title":"Biospeckle PIV (Particle image velocimetry) guided live micro-insect monitoring and tracking","authors":"Mohammad Zaheer Ansari","doi":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172556","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172556","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Using visible light biospeckle laser imaging (BLI), it is possible to track micro-insects. We present a biospeckle imaging system for real-time monitoring and tracking of micro-insects on leaf surface. A biospeckle technique integrated with PIV for real-time monitoring and individual tracking of live micro-insects is introduced. The study demonstrates how laser speckle patterns can be used to detect and visualize insect movement, offering a non-invasive and low-cost alternative to traditional insect monitoring methods. We employ the Generalized Differences (GD) algorithm to process speckle images and extract the local positions of moving insects over time. The experiment successfully tracks an ant’s movement, showcasing the system’s ability to generate activity maps and reconstruct insect trajectories. The study highlights the potential applications of BLI in environmental monitoring, pollinator tracking, and automated insect population assessment. The method is promising, particularly in its noninvasive nature and potential low-cost implementation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19513,"journal":{"name":"Optik","volume":"341 ","pages":"Article 172556"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145323774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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