Pub Date : 2026-01-09DOI: 10.1016/j.ijleo.2026.172670
Oumayma Habli , Jihene Zaghdoudi , Mounir Kanzari
This work numerically investigates the optical response of a one-dimensional photonic crystal incorporating a nonlinear defect layer based on either a polymer or graphene. Using the transfer matrix method, the influence of Kerr nonlinearity on the defect-mode transmission is analyzed under linear and nonlinear regimes. The results show that graphene exhibits a significantly stronger nonlinear response than the polymer defect layer, leading to enhanced wavelength tunability and higher spectral selectivity. A key contribution of this study is the demonstration of a dual-parameter tuning mechanism that combines input optical intensity and angle of incidence, enabling dynamic compensation between intensity-induced redshift and angle-induced blueshift of the defect mode. This dual control provides improved flexibility compared to conventional single-parameter approaches. The proposed graphene-based structure offers promising potential for tunable photonic devices such as optical filters, all-optical switches, sensors, and optical limiters.
{"title":"Dual-parameter tunable high-Q optical response in 1D photonic crystals with Kerr-nonlinear graphene and polymer defect layers","authors":"Oumayma Habli , Jihene Zaghdoudi , Mounir Kanzari","doi":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2026.172670","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2026.172670","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work numerically investigates the optical response of a one-dimensional photonic crystal incorporating a nonlinear defect layer based on either a polymer or graphene. Using the transfer matrix method, the influence of Kerr nonlinearity on the defect-mode transmission is analyzed under linear and nonlinear regimes. The results show that graphene exhibits a significantly stronger nonlinear response than the polymer defect layer, leading to enhanced wavelength tunability and higher spectral selectivity. A key contribution of this study is the demonstration of a dual-parameter tuning mechanism that combines input optical intensity and angle of incidence, enabling dynamic compensation between intensity-induced redshift and angle-induced blueshift of the defect mode. This dual control provides improved flexibility compared to conventional single-parameter approaches. The proposed graphene-based structure offers promising potential for tunable photonic devices such as optical filters, all-optical switches, sensors, and optical limiters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19513,"journal":{"name":"Optik","volume":"347 ","pages":"Article 172670"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145927521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-07DOI: 10.1016/j.ijleo.2026.172668
Rupesh Singh , Dilip Kumar Giri
The work is devoted to the antibunching and sub-Poissonian photon statistics in the degenerate frequency up-conversion (FUC) process using a short-time approximation in the Heisenberg picture. We analyse how pump photon numbers, interaction times, and coupling strengths affect nonclassicality, distinguishing between first- and second-order Hamiltonian interactions. Results show that first-order interactions lead to stronger nonclassical effects, though only second-order interactions enable antibunching in the harmonic mode due to higher-order pump contributions. Photon antibunching intensity increases with pump strength and shorter interaction times. In the first-order coupling interactions, the harmonic mode does not exhibit antibunching because a coherent or vacuum pump induces photon clustering. However, second-order interactions, where higher powers of the pump field contribute significantly, facilitate antibunching in the harmonic mode. Third-order antibunching exhibits the strongest nonclassical behaviour within the observed effects, followed by second- and first-order antibunching. It is more apparent that increased pump intensity and reduced interaction time both strengthen antibunching and sub-Poissonian photon statistics. While the pump mode exhibits clear antibunching, the harmonic mode displays milder nonclassicality. These results reveal the higher-order transitions of antibunching as an inherent quantum feature of light, valuable for quantum communication and single-photon sources with a probabilistic destination.
{"title":"Antibunching and sub-Poissonian photon statistics in degenerate frequency up-conversion process","authors":"Rupesh Singh , Dilip Kumar Giri","doi":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2026.172668","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2026.172668","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The work is devoted to the antibunching and sub-Poissonian photon statistics in the degenerate frequency up-conversion (FUC) process using a short-time approximation in the Heisenberg picture. We analyse how pump photon numbers, interaction times, and coupling strengths affect nonclassicality, distinguishing between first- and second-order Hamiltonian interactions. Results show that first-order interactions lead to stronger nonclassical effects, though only second-order interactions enable antibunching in the harmonic mode due to higher-order pump contributions. Photon antibunching intensity increases with pump strength and shorter interaction times. In the first-order coupling interactions, the harmonic mode does not exhibit antibunching because a coherent or vacuum pump induces photon clustering. However, second-order interactions, where higher powers of the pump field contribute significantly, facilitate antibunching in the harmonic mode. Third-order antibunching exhibits the strongest nonclassical behaviour within the observed effects, followed by second- and first-order antibunching. It is more apparent that increased pump intensity and reduced interaction time both strengthen antibunching and sub-Poissonian photon statistics. While the pump mode exhibits clear antibunching, the harmonic mode displays milder nonclassicality. These results reveal the higher-order transitions of antibunching as an inherent quantum feature of light, valuable for quantum communication and single-photon sources with a probabilistic destination.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19513,"journal":{"name":"Optik","volume":"347 ","pages":"Article 172668"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145978585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-06DOI: 10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172662
Beibei Kong , Maren Anna Brandsrud , Pranish Karki , Boris Mizaikoff , Achim Kohler
Evanescent fields in attenuated total reflection (ATR) spectroscopy have enabled molecular analysis in the mid-infrared (MIR) region for decades. Recently, thin-film single-mode waveguides have been introduced, significantly improving sample interactions through evanescent fields along their surfaces. However, their implementation demands precise coupling of an infrared laser beam into a sub-wavelength-thick layer, posing design challenges. Here, we introduce gradient refractive index waveguides that achieve robust coupling, substantially enhanced evanescent fields and absorption efficiency, surpassing the performance of conventional single-mode waveguides. Using in-house Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) simulations validated against commercial software, we demonstrate that these waveguides enhance sample interactions by an order of magnitude. Moreover, their increased robustness simplifies optical system design and broadens their applicability across a wide wavelength range, making them compatible with broadband tunable lasers, LEDs (light-emitting diodes), and they have the potential to accommodate less collimated light sources, such as thermal light sources. This novel waveguide platform promises to advance mid-infrared ATR sensor technologies, particularly in lab-on-a-chip systems and compact devices targeting biomedical and environmental applications.
{"title":"Variable refractive index waveguides for mid-infrared sensing","authors":"Beibei Kong , Maren Anna Brandsrud , Pranish Karki , Boris Mizaikoff , Achim Kohler","doi":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172662","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172662","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Evanescent fields in attenuated total reflection (ATR) spectroscopy have enabled molecular analysis in the mid-infrared (MIR) region for decades. Recently, thin-film single-mode waveguides have been introduced, significantly improving sample interactions through evanescent fields along their surfaces. However, their implementation demands precise coupling of an infrared laser beam into a sub-wavelength-thick layer, posing design challenges. Here, we introduce gradient refractive index waveguides that achieve robust coupling, substantially enhanced evanescent fields and absorption efficiency, surpassing the performance of conventional single-mode waveguides. Using in-house Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) simulations validated against commercial software, we demonstrate that these waveguides enhance sample interactions by an order of magnitude. Moreover, their increased robustness simplifies optical system design and broadens their applicability across a wide wavelength range, making them compatible with broadband tunable lasers, LEDs (light-emitting diodes), and they have the potential to accommodate less collimated light sources, such as thermal light sources. This novel waveguide platform promises to advance mid-infrared ATR sensor technologies, particularly in lab-on-a-chip systems and compact devices targeting biomedical and environmental applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19513,"journal":{"name":"Optik","volume":"347 ","pages":"Article 172662"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145978583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The advanced wavelet-based activation function for machine-learning applications in Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors presented in this manuscript has been developed to enhance peak-detection performance. The traditional activation function is replaced with a new activation function derived from an efficient wavelet formulation. The proposed activation function demonstrates improved response characteristics, enabling more accurate peak detection when applied to machine-learning models. A deep feedforward neural network is used to develop the machine-learning training model, which is effective for this application. The goal of the proposed technique is to reduce the dependency on the optical spectrum analyser (OSA) for measuring peak wavelengths, strain, and temperature. The wavelet-based activation function is constructed as a combination of the Gaussian wavelet function and ReLU. The developed activation function for machine-learning applications exhibits high accuracy. The proposed peak-detection technique is also verified experimentally, showing good accuracy. The mean-square error is as low as 0.0012 pm for FBG-1 and 0.0015 pm for FBG-2, with the peak-area entropy measured at approximately 1 for both FBGs.
{"title":"Developed a new activation function for machine learning using wavelet function for Fiber Bragg Grating sensor","authors":"Sunil Kumar , Ugra Mohan , Somnath Sengupta , Yogesh K.M.","doi":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2026.172667","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2026.172667","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The advanced wavelet-based activation function for machine-learning applications in Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors presented in this manuscript has been developed to enhance peak-detection performance. The traditional activation function is replaced with a new activation function derived from an efficient wavelet formulation. The proposed activation function demonstrates improved response characteristics, enabling more accurate peak detection when applied to machine-learning models. A deep feedforward neural network is used to develop the machine-learning training model, which is effective for this application. The goal of the proposed technique is to reduce the dependency on the optical spectrum analyser (OSA) for measuring peak wavelengths, strain, and temperature. The wavelet-based activation function is constructed as a combination of the Gaussian wavelet function and ReLU. The developed activation function for machine-learning applications exhibits high accuracy. The proposed peak-detection technique is also verified experimentally, showing good accuracy. The mean-square error is as low as 0.0012 pm for FBG-1 and 0.0015 pm for FBG-2, with the peak-area entropy measured at approximately 1 for both FBGs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19513,"journal":{"name":"Optik","volume":"347 ","pages":"Article 172667"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145927517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-04DOI: 10.1016/j.ijleo.2026.172666
Rahul Kumar , Sonu Kumar Rao , Naveen K. Nishchal , Ayman Alfalou
The secure transmission and storage of information have become increasingly critical in this technological era. While traditional image encryption techniques, such as double random phase encoding and its variants, offer robust security for single or paired images, they face significant challenges when applied to large-scale, multi-image scenarios. The challenges include high storage and computational complexity, inefficient processing, and difficult key management. To address these limitations, this study proposes an efficient and scalable method for multi-image encryption. The approach begins by applying the discrete cosine transform to each image, followed by cropping the transformed data. The cropped images are then assembled into a composite image of the original input size to prevent spectral overlap. Additional security is achieved through the application of the Arnold transform and the use of a random array-structured phase mask, generated by the random topological charges of a vortex lattice. The proposed method significantly reduces the storage and computational overhead, simplifies key management, and maintains high encryption quality. Numerical simulations demonstrate its effectiveness, robustness against various attacks, and suitability for securing multiple images.
{"title":"Multi-image encryption based on DCT coefficients and random vortex lattice","authors":"Rahul Kumar , Sonu Kumar Rao , Naveen K. Nishchal , Ayman Alfalou","doi":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2026.172666","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2026.172666","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The secure transmission and storage of information have become increasingly critical in this technological era. While traditional image encryption techniques, such as double random phase encoding and its variants, offer robust security for single or paired images, they face significant challenges when applied to large-scale, multi-image scenarios. The challenges include high storage and computational complexity, inefficient processing, and difficult key management. To address these limitations, this study proposes an efficient and scalable method for multi-image encryption. The approach begins by applying the discrete cosine transform to each image, followed by cropping the transformed data. The cropped images are then assembled into a composite image of the original input size to prevent spectral overlap. Additional security is achieved through the application of the Arnold transform and the use of a random array-structured phase mask, generated by the random topological charges of a vortex lattice. The proposed method significantly reduces the storage and computational overhead, simplifies key management, and maintains high encryption quality. Numerical simulations demonstrate its effectiveness, robustness against various attacks, and suitability for securing multiple images.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19513,"journal":{"name":"Optik","volume":"347 ","pages":"Article 172666"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145927518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-02DOI: 10.1016/j.ijleo.2026.172665
Zohair Al-Ameen
Generating clearer artifact-suppressed images is vital in various real-world scenarios, where hardware and software limitations often introduce blur. Image deconvolution (ID) aims to reverse this degradation, where prevailing methods vary in intricacy and frequently struggle to maintain stability and acuity across iterations. Driven by the need for non-complex and expeditious solutions, this study explores the use of the classical Cauchy method for ID, a method that, to the best of my knowledge, has not been previously investigated. Accordingly, two contributions are proposed based on this principle. First, the classical Cauchy method (CCM) is modified by embedding the blurring kernel into the iterative update structure, allowing CCM to work as an ID method. Second, an adapted Cauchy method (ACM) is introduced based on CCM. ACM further improves stability and suppresses artifacts better by utilizing a gradient reblurring formulation and an optimized step length rule. ACM is implemented and tested with images of real-life scenes, compared with six existing algorithms, and evaluated using four measures. Experimental results demonstrated that ACM showed a strong ability to restore diverse images while suppressing artifacts, surpassing existing methods in this field. This study showed that a non-complex method can achieve competitive and distinguished results, making it a valuable tool for image deconvolution. The related source codes are available at: https://github.com/qi-zohair/ACM.
{"title":"Image deconvolution using adapted cauchy method","authors":"Zohair Al-Ameen","doi":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2026.172665","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2026.172665","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Generating clearer artifact-suppressed images is vital in various real-world scenarios, where hardware and software limitations often introduce blur. Image deconvolution (ID) aims to reverse this degradation, where prevailing methods vary in intricacy and frequently struggle to maintain stability and acuity across iterations. Driven by the need for non-complex and expeditious solutions, this study explores the use of the classical Cauchy method for ID, a method that, to the best of my knowledge, has not been previously investigated. Accordingly, two contributions are proposed based on this principle. First, the classical Cauchy method (CCM) is modified by embedding the blurring kernel into the iterative update structure, allowing CCM to work as an ID method. Second, an adapted Cauchy method (ACM) is introduced based on CCM. ACM further improves stability and suppresses artifacts better by utilizing a gradient reblurring formulation and an optimized step length rule. ACM is implemented and tested with images of real-life scenes, compared with six existing algorithms, and evaluated using four measures. Experimental results demonstrated that ACM showed a strong ability to restore diverse images while suppressing artifacts, surpassing existing methods in this field. This study showed that a non-complex method can achieve competitive and distinguished results, making it a valuable tool for image deconvolution. The related source codes are available at: <span><span>https://github.com/qi-zohair/ACM</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19513,"journal":{"name":"Optik","volume":"347 ","pages":"Article 172665"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145885499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-30DOI: 10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172664
Meraline Selvaraj, Sreeja B S
Over the past decade, metamaterials have emerged as a revolutionary class of engineered materials, capturing significant attention across diverse scientific domains. Metasurfaces, composed of two-dimensional arrays of engineered meta-atoms, offer precise control over electromagnetic wave amplitude, phase, and polarization at subwavelength scales. This capability makes them an ideal platform for the design of ultra-compact, high-performance components in the THz regime. A critical challenge in transitioning these innovations to practical applications lies in the scalable fabrication of large-area, uniform, and high-resolution micro/nanostructures compatible with THz operation. This review explores the current state-of-the-art fabrication techniques for THz metasurfaces, including lithography, two-photon polymerization, 3D printing, and other advanced fabrication techniques. Each technique’s applicability, advantages, and limitations in achieving structural precision and optimal performance are highlighted. Additionally, challenges in the THz metasurface fabrication are addressed, along with potential solutions to guide future advancements in high-performance THz devices.
{"title":"Fabrication approaches for THz metasurfaces: A comprehensive review","authors":"Meraline Selvaraj, Sreeja B S","doi":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172664","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172664","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Over the past decade, metamaterials have emerged as a revolutionary class of engineered materials, capturing significant attention across diverse scientific domains. Metasurfaces, composed of two-dimensional arrays of engineered meta-atoms, offer precise control over electromagnetic wave amplitude, phase, and polarization at subwavelength scales. This capability makes them an ideal platform for the design of ultra-compact, high-performance components in the THz regime. A critical challenge in transitioning these innovations to practical applications lies in the scalable fabrication of large-area, uniform, and high-resolution micro/nanostructures compatible with THz operation. This review explores the current state-of-the-art fabrication techniques for THz metasurfaces, including lithography, two-photon polymerization, 3D printing, and other advanced fabrication techniques. Each technique’s applicability, advantages, and limitations in achieving structural precision and optimal performance are highlighted. Additionally, challenges in the THz metasurface fabrication are addressed, along with potential solutions to guide future advancements in high-performance THz devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19513,"journal":{"name":"Optik","volume":"347 ","pages":"Article 172664"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145885496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-30DOI: 10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172655
Alagu Vibisha G , Senthilkumar V , Priyadharsini N , Habibur Rahman S.M. , Jaroszewic Z , Rajesh K.B.
This study presents a high-performance surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor employing a novel hybrid Kretschmann configuration for non-invasive urine glucose monitoring in diabetes management. The sensor integrates a CaF2 prism, an optimized Cu-Ni bimetallic layer, a MAPbBr3 perovskite sensitivity-enhancer, and a 2D nanomaterial interface to facilitate biomolecular interactions. Comprehensive numerical modeling via the transfer matrix method demonstrates exceptional performance, revealing a progressive angular sensitivity increase (330–615.1°/RIU) across clinically relevant glucose concentrations (0.625–10gdL-¹). Achieved figures of merit (151.6–186.9RIU-¹) confirm the platform's analytical precision. Featuring cost-effective fabrication potential, remarkable stability, and superior sensitivity, this SPR biosensor offers significant promise for developing practical non-invasive diabetes monitoring solutions.
{"title":"MAPbBr3-2D material based on ultrahigh efficiency urine glucose detection SPR sensor","authors":"Alagu Vibisha G , Senthilkumar V , Priyadharsini N , Habibur Rahman S.M. , Jaroszewic Z , Rajesh K.B.","doi":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172655","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172655","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a high-performance surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor employing a novel hybrid Kretschmann configuration for non-invasive urine glucose monitoring in diabetes management. The sensor integrates a CaF<sub>2</sub> prism, an optimized Cu-Ni bimetallic layer, a MAPbBr<sub>3</sub> perovskite sensitivity-enhancer, and a 2D nanomaterial interface to facilitate biomolecular interactions. Comprehensive numerical modeling via the transfer matrix method demonstrates exceptional performance, revealing a progressive angular sensitivity increase (330–615.1°/RIU) across clinically relevant glucose concentrations (0.625–10gdL<sup>-</sup>¹). Achieved figures of merit (151.6–186.9RIU<sup>-</sup>¹) confirm the platform's analytical precision. Featuring cost-effective fabrication potential, remarkable stability, and superior sensitivity, this SPR biosensor offers significant promise for developing practical non-invasive diabetes monitoring solutions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19513,"journal":{"name":"Optik","volume":"347 ","pages":"Article 172655"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145885494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-29DOI: 10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172663
Mohideen AbdulKader M , Sudhansu Sekhar Nanda , K. Sampath , D. Barani
One of the most popular investment assets nowadays is Bitcoin. The financial market volatility of bitcoin's price has drawn the attention of researchers and investors alike to the ways in which its price fluctuates. The paper proposes an evaluation of Short Term Financial Marketing Bitcoin Prediction: A Comparative Analysis of Large-Kernel Attention Graph Convolutional Networks across Various Prediction Horizons (BP-ST-LAGCN-NOA) for short-term Bitcoin market prediction. Then, pre-processed data are fed to the Large-kernel Attention Graph Convolutional Network (LAGCN) to effectively predict the bitcoin market in the short term. LAGCN does not express adaptive optimization strategies to determine optimal factors to effectively predict the Bitcoin market. Hence, the Nutcracker Optimization Algorithm (NOA) is employed to optimize the weight parameter of the Large-kernel Attention Graph Convolutional Network to predict the bitcoin market. Then the proposed BP-ST-LAGCN-NOA is implemented in Python, and the performance metrics like Accuracy, Precision, Recall, Specificity, F1-score, and ROC are analysed. The BP-ST-LAGCN-NOA model achieves 99.64 % accuracy, 99.21 % precision, 99.18 % recall, 98.14 % F1-Score and 98.47 % specificity, outperforming all baseline methods. The BP-ST-LAGCN-NOA model demonstrates superior accuracy and robustness in short-term Bitcoin market prediction, outperforming existing machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) approaches.
{"title":"Evaluating short term financial marketing bitcoin prediction: A comparative analysis of large-kernel attention graph convolutional networks across various prediction horizon","authors":"Mohideen AbdulKader M , Sudhansu Sekhar Nanda , K. Sampath , D. Barani","doi":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172663","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172663","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>One of the most popular investment assets nowadays is Bitcoin. The financial market volatility of bitcoin's price has drawn the attention of researchers and investors alike to the ways in which its price fluctuates. The paper proposes an evaluation of Short Term Financial Marketing Bitcoin Prediction: A Comparative Analysis of Large-Kernel Attention Graph Convolutional Networks across Various Prediction Horizons (BP-ST-LAGCN-NOA) for short-term Bitcoin market prediction. Then, pre-processed data are fed to the Large-kernel Attention Graph Convolutional Network (LAGCN) to effectively predict the bitcoin market in the short term. LAGCN does not express adaptive optimization strategies to determine optimal factors to effectively predict the Bitcoin market. Hence, the Nutcracker Optimization Algorithm (NOA) is employed to optimize the weight parameter of the Large-kernel Attention Graph Convolutional Network to predict the bitcoin market. Then the proposed BP-ST-LAGCN-NOA is implemented in Python, and the performance metrics like Accuracy, Precision, Recall, Specificity, F1-score, and ROC are analysed. The BP-ST-LAGCN-NOA model achieves 99.64 % accuracy, 99.21 % precision, 99.18 % recall, 98.14 % F1-Score and 98.47 % specificity, outperforming all baseline methods. The BP-ST-LAGCN-NOA model demonstrates superior accuracy and robustness in short-term Bitcoin market prediction, outperforming existing machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) approaches.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19513,"journal":{"name":"Optik","volume":"347 ","pages":"Article 172663"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145927522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We present a theoretical investigation of the optical radiation forces exerted by highly focused vortex higher-order cosine-hyperbolic-Gaussian beams (vHOChGBs) on Rayleigh dielectric spheres. Analytical expressions for the focused vHOChGBs field and the resulting gradient and scattering forces are derived, explicitly revealing their dependence on key beam parameters (decentering b, beam order N, topological charge m), particle characteristics, and the environment medium. Numerical results show that the structured intensity profiles of vHOChGBs enable simultaneous trapping of low and high-index particles. High-index particles localize in bright focal regions, while low-index particles are confined into inter-lobe minima. Stability analysis establishes that gradient forces dominate scattering and thermal effects across parameter spaces, with beam waist ω0 and topological charge m critically governing trapping potential depths. This parametric flexibility could allow precision assembly of micro/nanostructures and non-invasive biological specimen handling, advancing vHOChGBs as versatile tools for optical tweezers and biophotonics applications.
{"title":"Optical radiation forces on Rayleigh spheres produced by focused vortex higher-order cosine-hyperbolic-Gaussian beams","authors":"Abdellah Ahlane, Salma Chib, Zoubir Hricha, Abdelmajid Belafhal","doi":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172654","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172654","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We present a theoretical investigation of the optical radiation forces exerted by highly focused vortex higher-order cosine-hyperbolic-Gaussian beams (vHOChGBs) on Rayleigh dielectric spheres. Analytical expressions for the focused vHOChGBs field and the resulting gradient and scattering forces are derived, explicitly revealing their dependence on key beam parameters (decentering <em>b</em>, beam order <em>N</em>, topological charge <em>m</em>), particle characteristics, and the environment medium. Numerical results show that the structured intensity profiles of vHOChGBs enable simultaneous trapping of low and high-index particles. High-index particles localize in bright focal regions, while low-index particles are confined into inter-lobe minima. Stability analysis establishes that gradient forces dominate scattering and thermal effects across parameter spaces, with beam waist ω<sub>0</sub> and topological charge <em>m</em> critically governing trapping potential depths. This parametric flexibility could allow precision assembly of micro/nanostructures and non-invasive biological specimen handling, advancing vHOChGBs as versatile tools for optical tweezers and biophotonics applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19513,"journal":{"name":"Optik","volume":"347 ","pages":"Article 172654"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145885495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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