Omega-international Journal of Management Science最新文献

Economically viable reshoring of supply chains under ripple effect 涟漪效应下经济上可行的供应链重组

IF 6.7 2区管理学 Q1 MANAGEMENT

Omega-international Journal of Management Science

Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.omega.2024.103228

Tadeusz Sawik

This paper presents stochastic mixed integer linear programming models for economically viable supply chain reshoring under the ripple effect, that is, for the integrated optimization of supply chain reshoring and supply chain viability. The problem objective is to select supply chain facilities for relocation and backup suppliers for recovery supplies to simultaneously minimize cost, maximize service and enhance viability. If the primary supplier is not selected for reshoring, the viability can alternatively be improved by recovery supplies from the backup supplier. The problem is formulated as a multi-portfolio stochastic optimization. The portfolio of suppliers/plants for reshoring is optimized along with an alternative recovery portfolio of backup supplies. This study indicates that reshoring decisions directly affect supply chain viability and have positive impact on both its average and worst-case performance. The more risk-aversive is viable reshoring (the confidence level greater than 0.90), the greater is also improvement of supply chain business-as-usual resilience. If increase of expected customer service is more important than cost reduction, supplier reshoring is preferable to backup sourcing. The findings also indicate that cost- and service-optimal reshoring decisions are getting closer when the government subsidy for reshoring significantly increases such that the reduced reshoring costs and domestic costs do not exceed the achieved reduction of lost sales and backup sourcing. Then both conflicting objectives can be simultaneously achieved, which is a highly desirable solution of the economically viable reshoring of supply chain. Numerical examples based on a real-world industrial supply chain prove practical usefulness of the proposed stochastic approach and its high computational efficiency.

本文提出了随机混合整数线性规划模型，用于涟漪效应下经济上可行的供应链重组，即供应链重组和供应链可行性的综合优化。问题的目标是选择供应链设施进行转移，并选择后备供应商进行恢复供应，以同时实现成本最小化、服务最大化和生存能力增强。如果不选择主供应商进行重组，则可以通过从备用供应商处恢复供应来提高可行性。该问题被表述为多组合随机优化。在优化转产供应商/工厂组合的同时，还优化了备用供应的替代恢复组合。这项研究表明，转产决策会直接影响供应链的可行性，并对供应链的平均绩效和最差绩效产生积极影响。风险规避程度越高（置信度大于 0.90），供应链 "一切照旧 "的恢复能力就越强。如果提高预期客户服务比降低成本更重要，那么供应商的重新选择比后备采购更可取。研究结果还表明，当政府对转产的补贴大幅增加，使转产成本和国内成本的降低幅度不超过销售损失和后备采购的减少幅度时，成本和服务最优的转产决策就会越来越接近。这样，两个相互冲突的目标就能同时实现，这就是经济上可行的供应链重组的理想解决方案。基于现实世界工业供应链的数值实例证明了所提出的随机方法的实用性及其较高的计算效率。

{"title":"Economically viable reshoring of supply chains under ripple effect","authors":"Tadeusz Sawik","doi":"10.1016/j.omega.2024.103228","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.omega.2024.103228","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents stochastic mixed integer linear programming models for economically viable supply chain reshoring under the ripple effect, that is, for the integrated optimization of supply chain reshoring and supply chain viability. The problem objective is to select supply chain facilities for relocation and backup suppliers for recovery supplies to simultaneously minimize cost, maximize service and enhance viability. If the primary supplier is not selected for reshoring, the viability can alternatively be improved by recovery supplies from the backup supplier. The problem is formulated as a multi-portfolio stochastic optimization. The portfolio of suppliers/plants for reshoring is optimized along with an alternative recovery portfolio of backup supplies. This study indicates that reshoring decisions directly affect supply chain viability and have positive impact on both its average and worst-case performance. The more risk-aversive is viable reshoring (the confidence level greater than 0.90), the greater is also improvement of supply chain business-as-usual resilience. If increase of expected customer service is more important than cost reduction, supplier reshoring is preferable to backup sourcing. The findings also indicate that cost- and service-optimal reshoring decisions are getting closer when the government subsidy for reshoring significantly increases such that the reduced reshoring costs and domestic costs do not exceed the achieved reduction of lost sales and backup sourcing. Then both conflicting objectives can be simultaneously achieved, which is a highly desirable solution of the economically viable reshoring of supply chain. Numerical examples based on a real-world industrial supply chain prove practical usefulness of the proposed stochastic approach and its high computational efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19529,"journal":{"name":"Omega-international Journal of Management Science","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 103228"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142658621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The role of hubs and economies of scale in network expansion 枢纽和规模经济在网络扩展中的作用

IF 6.7 2区管理学 Q1 MANAGEMENT

Omega-international Journal of Management Science

Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.omega.2024.103220

Fran Setiawan , Tolga Bektaş , Çağatay Iris

Freight distribution often operates on the basis of consolidation, which is achieved through the use of hub facilities that allow for economies of scale. Freight networks need to be expanded to meet future demand, to cater for new markets, and to accommodate trends in global supply chains, for which strategic decisions need to be made. These decisions mainly entail the number and location of new hubs to be established. As network expansions require significant capital, striking a balance between the benefits afforded by the new hubs and the expansion costs is crucial. This paper investigates a hub network expansion problem where the configuration of the resulting network is determined by the trade-off between the fixed costs of locating new hubs and new links, as well as routing costs of shipping commodities, and the cost reductions achieved through economies of scale, without imposing a predetermined network structure. This paper also describes a mixed integer programming formulation of the problem and a Benders decomposition algorithm that uses several enhancement techniques to efficiently solve the model to optimality. The application of the algorithm on a real-life case study arising in the expansion of the Indonesian freight transport network yields several managerial insights. In particular, expanding the network with additional hubs and links can yield substantial cost savings, averaging at 47.6%, although at the expense of an increase in the length of the commodity paths. Failing to operate the network at the selected level of economies of scale can result in an increase in the routing costs by up to 58.8%. Expanding the network with no additional hubs leads to a rise in total costs of up to 20.9%. Finally, lower economies of scale leads to an increase in the length of commodity paths, with the routing cost being identified as the most sensitive parameter.

货运分销通常以整合为基础，通过利用枢纽设施实现规模经济。货运网络需要扩大，以满足未来的需求，迎合新的市场，并适应全球供应链的发展趋势，为此需要做出战略决策。这些决定主要涉及要建立的新枢纽的数量和位置。由于网络扩张需要大量资金，因此在新枢纽带来的效益与扩张成本之间取得平衡至关重要。本文研究的是一个枢纽网络扩展问题，在这个问题中，所产生的网络配置是由确定新枢纽和新链接位置的固定成本以及运输商品的路由成本与通过规模经济降低成本之间的权衡决定的，而不强加一个预定的网络结构。本文还介绍了该问题的混合整数编程公式和一种本德斯分解算法，该算法采用了多种增强技术，可高效地求解该模型，使其达到最佳状态。将该算法应用于印尼货运网络扩展过程中出现的一个实际案例研究中，可获得若干管理启示。特别是，通过增加枢纽和连接点来扩展网络可以节省大量成本，平均节省 47.6%，但代价是增加商品路径的长度。如果不按选定的规模经济水平运营网络，路由成本最多会增加 58.8%。在不增加枢纽的情况下扩大网络，总成本最多会增加 20.9%。最后，较低的规模经济导致商品路径长度增加，路由成本被确定为最敏感的参数。

{"title":"The role of hubs and economies of scale in network expansion","authors":"Fran Setiawan , Tolga Bektaş , Çağatay Iris","doi":"10.1016/j.omega.2024.103220","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.omega.2024.103220","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Freight distribution often operates on the basis of consolidation, which is achieved through the use of hub facilities that allow for economies of scale. Freight networks need to be expanded to meet future demand, to cater for new markets, and to accommodate trends in global supply chains, for which strategic decisions need to be made. These decisions mainly entail the number and location of new hubs to be established. As network expansions require significant capital, striking a balance between the benefits afforded by the new hubs and the expansion costs is crucial. This paper investigates a hub network expansion problem where the configuration of the resulting network is determined by the trade-off between the fixed costs of locating new hubs and new links, as well as routing costs of shipping commodities, and the cost reductions achieved through economies of scale, without imposing a predetermined network structure. This paper also describes a mixed integer programming formulation of the problem and a Benders decomposition algorithm that uses several enhancement techniques to efficiently solve the model to optimality. The application of the algorithm on a real-life case study arising in the expansion of the Indonesian freight transport network yields several managerial insights. In particular, expanding the network with additional hubs and links can yield substantial cost savings, averaging at 47.6%, although at the expense of an increase in the length of the commodity paths. Failing to operate the network at the selected level of economies of scale can result in an increase in the routing costs by up to 58.8%. Expanding the network with no additional hubs leads to a rise in total costs of up to 20.9%. Finally, lower economies of scale leads to an increase in the length of commodity paths, with the routing cost being identified as the most sensitive parameter.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19529,"journal":{"name":"Omega-international Journal of Management Science","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 103220"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142658643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evolutive multi-attribute decision making with online consumer reviews 利用网络消费者评论进行多属性进化决策

IF 6.7 2区管理学 Q1 MANAGEMENT

Omega-international Journal of Management Science

Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.omega.2024.103225

Xiaodan Liu , Peijia Ren , Zeshui Xu , Wanyi Xie

In the digital age, the sheer volume of online consumer reviews imposes a cognitive burden on consumers, complicating their purchasing decisions. Many studies have integrated consumer opinions to provide consumers with clear and concise information. However, these studies often prioritize mainstream opinions, overlooking the diversity and timeliness of other important perspectives. To address this challenge, we propose an evolutive decision-making method. Firstly, we propose an attribute rating evolution algorithm to address the online reviews based on the iterative self-organizing data analysis technique and time decay. This algorithm enables real-time analysis of the diverse opinions expressed in review data. Then, taking into account consumer attribute preferences and decision-making psychology, we formulate multiple product ranking strategies to offer personalized decisions based on the evolutive opinions. Our method decreases the bias towards review quantity, ensuring that significant opinions are not overshadowed by more frequent ones. Through data experiments and an application on OpenTable.com, we demonstrate that our method can provides effective decision recommendation for consumers.

在数字时代，大量的在线消费者评论给消费者带来了认知负担，使他们的购买决策变得更加复杂。许多研究已经整合了消费者的意见，为消费者提供简洁明了的信息。然而，这些研究往往优先考虑主流意见，忽略了其他重要观点的多样性和时效性。为了应对这一挑战，我们提出了一种演化决策方法。首先，我们提出了一种基于迭代自组织数据分析技术和时间衰减的属性评级进化算法来处理在线评论。该算法可以实时分析评论数据中表达的各种意见。然后，考虑到消费者的属性偏好和决策心理，我们制定了多种产品排名策略，以提供基于演化意见的个性化决策。我们的方法减少了对评论数量的偏见，确保重要的意见不会被更频繁的意见所掩盖。通过数据实验和 OpenTable.com 上的应用，我们证明了我们的方法可以为消费者提供有效的决策推荐。

{"title":"Evolutive multi-attribute decision making with online consumer reviews","authors":"Xiaodan Liu , Peijia Ren , Zeshui Xu , Wanyi Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.omega.2024.103225","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.omega.2024.103225","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the digital age, the sheer volume of online consumer reviews imposes a cognitive burden on consumers, complicating their purchasing decisions. Many studies have integrated consumer opinions to provide consumers with clear and concise information. However, these studies often prioritize mainstream opinions, overlooking the diversity and timeliness of other important perspectives. To address this challenge, we propose an evolutive decision-making method. Firstly, we propose an attribute rating evolution algorithm to address the online reviews based on the iterative self-organizing data analysis technique and time decay. This algorithm enables real-time analysis of the diverse opinions expressed in review data. Then, taking into account consumer attribute preferences and decision-making psychology, we formulate multiple product ranking strategies to offer personalized decisions based on the evolutive opinions. Our method decreases the bias towards review quantity, ensuring that significant opinions are not overshadowed by more frequent ones. Through data experiments and an application on OpenTable.com, we demonstrate that our method can provides effective decision recommendation for consumers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19529,"journal":{"name":"Omega-international Journal of Management Science","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 103225"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142658620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Managing supply disruptions for risk-averse buyers: Diversified sourcing vs. disruption prevention 为规避风险的买家管理供应中断：多元化采购与预防中断

IF 6.7 2区管理学 Q1 MANAGEMENT

Omega-international Journal of Management Science

Pub Date : 2024-10-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.omega.2024.103217

Meng Wu, Jiawei Zhang, Xin Chen

Diversified sourcing has traditionally been a popular approach for managing supply risk compared to disruption prevention. However, the recent COVID-19 crisis has emphasized the critical importance and necessity of disruption prevention. Additionally, the economic fears and concerns arising from the crisis have led managers to adopt a more risk-averse stance, potentially leading to permanent changes in individuals’ risk preferences. Despite the growing importance of risk aversion, existing studies have primarily focused on examining the impact of risk aversion on a specific approach, disregarding its influence on the selection of different approaches. As companies recognized the importance of investing in reliability to prevent disruptions, this research aims to investigate how risk aversion affects the selection of approaches to mitigate supply disruptions. Within a framework where both diversified sourcing and disruption prevention offer equivalent payoffs for risk-neutral buyers, our study unveils that risk-averse buyers, particularly when the level of disruption risk is relatively low and their risk aversion is relatively high, prefer to “mitigate but retain the risk of disruption” through diversified sourcing or partial prevention. This stands in contrast to risk-neutral buyers who consistently make choices between completely avoiding risk or accepting all risk through sole sourcing or no/complete prevention. More interestingly, the adoption of diversified sourcing and partial prevention yields distinct payoffs for risk-averse buyers. Despite the widespread adoption and popularity of diversified sourcing, it may actually lead to less favorable results in certain situations. If prevention becomes insensitive to increased investment, diversified sourcing may become even less advantageous. In summary, our study underscores the crucial importance of carefully selecting a suitable risk management approach for buyers who are transitioning towards risk aversion due to the post-COVID effect.

与预防中断相比，多元化采购历来是管理供应风险的常用方法。然而，最近的 COVID-19 危机强调了预防中断的重要性和必要性。此外，危机引发的经济恐惧和担忧导致管理者采取更加规避风险的立场，并可能导致个人风险偏好的永久性变化。尽管风险规避的重要性与日俱增，但现有研究主要集中于研究风险规避对特定方法的影响，而忽视了其对不同方法选择的影响。由于企业认识到投资可靠性以防止供应中断的重要性，本研究旨在探讨风险规避如何影响对缓解供应中断的方法的选择。在多元化采购和中断预防为风险中性买家提供同等回报的框架下，我们的研究揭示了风险规避买家，尤其是当中断风险水平相对较低且风险规避程度相对较高时，更倾向于通过多元化采购或部分预防来 "减轻但保留中断风险"。这与风险中性买家形成鲜明对比，后者总是在完全规避风险或通过单一采购或无/完全预防接受所有风险之间做出选择。更有趣的是，对于规避风险的买家来说，采用多元化采购和部分预防措施会产生不同的回报。尽管多元化采购被广泛采用并广受欢迎，但在某些情况下，它实际上可能导致较不利的结果。如果预防对增加投资不敏感，那么多元化采购的优势可能会更小。总之，我们的研究强调，对于由于后 COVID 效应而向风险规避过渡的买家来说，谨慎选择合适的风险管理方法至关重要。

{"title":"Managing supply disruptions for risk-averse buyers: Diversified sourcing vs. disruption prevention","authors":"Meng Wu, Jiawei Zhang, Xin Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.omega.2024.103217","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.omega.2024.103217","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Diversified sourcing has traditionally been a popular approach for managing supply risk compared to disruption prevention. However, the recent COVID-19 crisis has emphasized the critical importance and necessity of disruption prevention. Additionally, the economic fears and concerns arising from the crisis have led managers to adopt a more risk-averse stance, potentially leading to permanent changes in individuals’ risk preferences. Despite the growing importance of risk aversion, existing studies have primarily focused on examining the impact of risk aversion on a specific approach, disregarding its influence on the selection of different approaches. As companies recognized the importance of investing in reliability to prevent disruptions, this research aims to investigate how risk aversion affects the selection of approaches to mitigate supply disruptions. Within a framework where both diversified sourcing and disruption prevention offer equivalent payoffs for risk-neutral buyers, our study unveils that risk-averse buyers, particularly when the level of disruption risk is relatively low and their risk aversion is relatively high, prefer to “mitigate but retain the risk of disruption” through diversified sourcing or partial prevention. This stands in contrast to risk-neutral buyers who consistently make choices between completely avoiding risk or accepting all risk through sole sourcing or no/complete prevention. More interestingly, the adoption of diversified sourcing and partial prevention yields distinct payoffs for risk-averse buyers. Despite the widespread adoption and popularity of diversified sourcing, it may actually lead to less favorable results in certain situations. If prevention becomes insensitive to increased investment, diversified sourcing may become even less advantageous. In summary, our study underscores the crucial importance of carefully selecting a suitable risk management approach for buyers who are transitioning towards risk aversion due to the post-COVID effect.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19529,"journal":{"name":"Omega-international Journal of Management Science","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 103217"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142572335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

My experience as OMEGA EiC 我作为欧米茄 EiC 的经历

IF 6.7 2区管理学 Q1 MANAGEMENT

Omega-international Journal of Management Science

Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.omega.2024.103222

Benjamin Lev

引用次数: 0

Elevating the corporate social responsibility level: A media supervision mechanism based on the Stackelberg-Evolutionary game model 提升企业社会责任水平：基于斯塔克伯格-进化博弈模型的媒体监督机制

IF 6.7 2区管理学 Q1 MANAGEMENT

Omega-international Journal of Management Science

Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.omega.2024.103215

Yanru Sun, Hao Sun, Panfei Sun, Xuanzhu Jin, Yimei Yang

Environmental taxes alone may not solve the social dilemma posed by the conflict between the myopic pursuit of profit and the cost of corporate social responsibility (CSR). Designing a reasonable supervision mechanism is crucial to correcting market failures. We develop a media supervision mechanism through a Stackelberg-Evolutionary game model to study the impact of media supervision on the evolutionary behavior of the manufacturer population. Assuming the media is leader, manufacturers’ demands are heterogeneous under different strategy profiles after the media determines the effort level of supervision. The best response of the manufacturer population is the evolutionarily stable strategy under supervision, where the percentage of CSR strategies is defined as CSR level. It is proved that the CSR level elevates with the increase of effort level. We analyze the existence and uniqueness of Stackelberg-Evolutionary equilibrium and a numerical algorithm to compute it. The results show that CSR level under Stackelberg-Evolutionary equilibrium is higher than that without supervision. Our research not only illustrates the effectiveness of media supervision in reducing environmental pollution but also provides suggestions for governments to formulate environmental policies and improve regulatory mechanisms.

单纯的环境税可能无法解决近视的利润追求与企业社会责任（CSR）成本之间的冲突所带来的社会困境。设计合理的监督机制是纠正市场失灵的关键。我们通过斯塔克伯格-进化博弈模型建立了媒体监督机制，研究媒体监督对制造商群体进化行为的影响。假定媒体是领导者，在媒体决定监督力度后，制造商的需求在不同策略配置下是异质的。制造商群体的最佳反应是监督下的进化稳定策略，其中 CSR 策略的百分比被定义为 CSR 水平。事实证明，企业社会责任水平会随着努力程度的增加而提高。我们分析了 Stackelberg-演化均衡的存在性和唯一性，以及计算它的数值算法。结果表明，Stackelberg-进化均衡下的企业社会责任水平高于无监督下的企业社会责任水平。我们的研究不仅说明了媒体监督在减少环境污染方面的有效性，也为政府制定环境政策和完善监管机制提供了建议。

{"title":"Elevating the corporate social responsibility level: A media supervision mechanism based on the Stackelberg-Evolutionary game model","authors":"Yanru Sun, Hao Sun, Panfei Sun, Xuanzhu Jin, Yimei Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.omega.2024.103215","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.omega.2024.103215","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Environmental taxes alone may not solve the social dilemma posed by the conflict between the myopic pursuit of profit and the cost of corporate social responsibility (CSR). Designing a reasonable supervision mechanism is crucial to correcting market failures. We develop a media supervision mechanism through a Stackelberg-Evolutionary game model to study the impact of media supervision on the evolutionary behavior of the manufacturer population. Assuming the media is leader, manufacturers’ demands are heterogeneous under different strategy profiles after the media determines the effort level of supervision. The best response of the manufacturer population is the evolutionarily stable strategy under supervision, where the percentage of CSR strategies is defined as CSR level. It is proved that the CSR level elevates with the increase of effort level. We analyze the existence and uniqueness of Stackelberg-Evolutionary equilibrium and a numerical algorithm to compute it. The results show that CSR level under Stackelberg-Evolutionary equilibrium is higher than that without supervision. Our research not only illustrates the effectiveness of media supervision in reducing environmental pollution but also provides suggestions for governments to formulate environmental policies and improve regulatory mechanisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19529,"journal":{"name":"Omega-international Journal of Management Science","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 103215"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142578432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Integrating machine learning models to learn potentially non-monotonic preferences for multi-criteria sorting from large-scale assignment examples 整合机器学习模型，从大规模分配实例中学习多标准排序的潜在非单调偏好

IF 6.7 2区管理学 Q1 MANAGEMENT

Omega-international Journal of Management Science

Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.omega.2024.103219

Zhuolin Li , Zhen Zhang , Witold Pedrycz

Learning preferences from assignment examples has attracted considerable attention in the field of multi-criteria sorting (MCS). However, traditional MCS methods, designed to infer decision makers’ preferences from small-scale assignment examples, encounter limitations when confronted with large-scale data sets. Additionally, the presence of decision makers’ non-monotonic preferences for certain criteria in MCS problems necessitates accounting for potential non-monotonicity when devising preference learning methods. To address this, this paper proposes some new models to learn potentially non-monotonic preferences for MCS problems from large-scale assignment examples by leveraging machine learning models. Specifically, we first introduce the Piecewise-Linear Neural Network (PLNN) model, which leverages the threshold-based value-driven sorting procedure as the underlying sorting model and integrates a perceptron-based model to establish piecewise-linear marginal value functions to approximate real ones. On this basis, we address MCS problems with criteria interactions and extend the PLNN model to develop the Piecewise-Linear Factorization Machine-based Neural Network (PLFMNN) model by incorporating the factorization machine to factorize interaction coefficients. Training these models allows us to learn potentially non-monotonic preferences of decision makers. To illustrate the proposed models, we apply them to a red wine quality classification problem. Furthermore, we assess the performance of the proposed models through computational experiments on both artificial and real-world data sets. Additionally, we conduct statistical tests to ascertain the significance of the performance differences. Experimental results reveal that the proposed models are comparable to the multilayer perceptron model and outperform other baseline models on most data sets, thus affirming their efficacy. Finally, we conduct some sensitivity analysis to assess the impact of certain parameters on the performance of the proposed models and compare them with existing studies from a theoretical perspective, further demonstrating their effectiveness.

在多标准排序（MCS）领域，从分配实例中学习偏好已经引起了广泛关注。然而，传统的多标准排序方法旨在从小规模分配实例中推断决策者的偏好，但在面对大规模数据集时却遇到了限制。此外，MCS 问题中存在决策者对某些标准的非单调偏好，这就要求在设计偏好学习方法时考虑潜在的非单调性。针对这一问题，本文提出了一些新模型，利用机器学习模型从大规模分配实例中学习 MCS 问题的潜在非单调偏好。具体来说，我们首先介绍了片线性神经网络（PLNN）模型，该模型利用基于阈值的价值驱动排序程序作为底层排序模型，并集成了基于感知器的模型，以建立片线性边际值函数来逼近真实的边际值函数。在此基础上，我们解决了具有标准交互作用的 MCS 问题，并扩展了 PLNN 模型，开发了基于片线性因式分解机器的神经网络（PLFMNN）模型，将因式分解机器纳入其中，对交互作用系数进行因式分解。通过训练这些模型，我们可以学习决策者潜在的非单调偏好。为了说明所提出的模型，我们将其应用于红酒质量分类问题。此外，我们还通过人工数据集和真实世界数据集的计算实验来评估所提出模型的性能。此外，我们还进行了统计测试，以确定性能差异的显著性。实验结果表明，提出的模型与多层感知器模型不相上下，在大多数数据集上都优于其他基线模型，从而肯定了它们的功效。最后，我们进行了一些敏感性分析，以评估某些参数对所提模型性能的影响，并从理论角度将其与现有研究进行比较，从而进一步证明其有效性。

{"title":"Integrating machine learning models to learn potentially non-monotonic preferences for multi-criteria sorting from large-scale assignment examples","authors":"Zhuolin Li , Zhen Zhang , Witold Pedrycz","doi":"10.1016/j.omega.2024.103219","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.omega.2024.103219","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Learning preferences from assignment examples has attracted considerable attention in the field of multi-criteria sorting (MCS). However, traditional MCS methods, designed to infer decision makers’ preferences from small-scale assignment examples, encounter limitations when confronted with large-scale data sets. Additionally, the presence of decision makers’ non-monotonic preferences for certain criteria in MCS problems necessitates accounting for potential non-monotonicity when devising preference learning methods. To address this, this paper proposes some new models to learn potentially non-monotonic preferences for MCS problems from large-scale assignment examples by leveraging machine learning models. Specifically, we first introduce the <strong>P</strong>iecewise-<strong>L</strong>inear <strong>N</strong>eural <strong>N</strong>etwork (PLNN) model, which leverages the threshold-based value-driven sorting procedure as the underlying sorting model and integrates a perceptron-based model to establish piecewise-linear marginal value functions to approximate real ones. On this basis, we address MCS problems with criteria interactions and extend the PLNN model to develop the <strong>P</strong>iecewise-<strong>L</strong>inear <strong>F</strong>actorization <strong>M</strong>achine-based <strong>N</strong>eural <strong>N</strong>etwork (PLFMNN) model by incorporating the factorization machine to factorize interaction coefficients. Training these models allows us to learn potentially non-monotonic preferences of decision makers. To illustrate the proposed models, we apply them to a red wine quality classification problem. Furthermore, we assess the performance of the proposed models through computational experiments on both artificial and real-world data sets. Additionally, we conduct statistical tests to ascertain the significance of the performance differences. Experimental results reveal that the proposed models are comparable to the multilayer perceptron model and outperform other baseline models on most data sets, thus affirming their efficacy. Finally, we conduct some sensitivity analysis to assess the impact of certain parameters on the performance of the proposed models and compare them with existing studies from a theoretical perspective, further demonstrating their effectiveness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19529,"journal":{"name":"Omega-international Journal of Management Science","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 103219"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142552348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dynamic allocation of display advertising impressions in dual sales channels 双销售渠道中显示广告印象的动态分配

IF 6.7 2区管理学 Q1 MANAGEMENT

Omega-international Journal of Management Science

Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.omega.2024.103213

Yuxuan Zhao, Xiangyong Li, Lan Luo

We study a multi-period ad allocation problem faced by an online publisher who sells ad impressions on websites through two sales channels. In the guaranteed sales channel, advertisers submit heterogeneous offers for contracts under which the publisher guarantees delivery of a certain number of ad impressions over a certain period; in the real-time bidding (RTB) sales channel, the publisher runs an RTB auction to sell ad impressions. In each period, the publisher decides whether to accept or reject contract proposals; how to allocate ad impressions across existing contracts; and how many impressions to sell via RTB. The publisher faces uncertain demand from advertisers and an uncertain supply of impressions, which are generated by viewers visiting the publisher’s websites. We formulate the problem as a finite-horizon stochastic dynamic program, which poses significant methodological challenges. We first present structural properties of optimal policies under certain cases. To avoid the curse of dimensionality in dynamic programming, we develop an approach involving Lagrangian relaxations. We decompose the problem into a series of solvable subproblems and derive optimal policies. We further develop Lagrangian policies with performance guarantees. We show that when Lagrange multipliers depend on more signal history, the linear term’s weight of the number of contract types in the performance upper bound decreases. Furthermore, if the Lagrange multipliers depend on the full signal history, the corresponding Lagrangian policies will be asymptotically optimal to the number of contract types. We also explore a more suitable case for large-scale real-time ad allocation and create Lagrangian policies that yield comparable performance guarantees. Finally, we extend our main results to four new scenarios.

我们研究了一个在线出版商面临的多期广告分配问题，该出版商通过两种销售渠道在网站上销售广告印象。在保证销售渠道中，广告商提交不同的合同报价，根据这些合同，出版商保证在一定时期内交付一定数量的广告印象；在实时竞价（RTB）销售渠道中，出版商通过 RTB 拍卖出售广告印象。在每个时期，出版商都要决定是否接受或拒绝合同提案；如何在现有合同中分配广告印象；以及通过 RTB 出售多少广告印象。出版商面临着不确定的广告商需求和不确定的广告印象供应，广告印象是由访问出版商网站的观众产生的。我们将该问题表述为有限视距随机动态程序，这在方法论上提出了重大挑战。我们首先介绍了某些情况下最优策略的结构特性。为了避免动态程序中的维度诅咒，我们开发了一种涉及拉格朗日松弛的方法。我们将问题分解为一系列可解的子问题，并推导出最优策略。我们进一步开发了具有性能保证的拉格朗日策略。我们表明，当拉格朗日乘数取决于更多的信号历史时，性能上限中合同类型数量的线性项权重就会降低。此外，如果拉格朗日乘数取决于全部信号历史，那么相应的拉格朗日策略将在合约类型数量上渐近最优。我们还探索了一种更适合大规模实时广告分配的情况，并创建了能产生类似性能保证的拉格朗日策略。最后，我们将主要结果扩展到四种新情况。

{"title":"Dynamic allocation of display advertising impressions in dual sales channels","authors":"Yuxuan Zhao, Xiangyong Li, Lan Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.omega.2024.103213","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.omega.2024.103213","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We study a multi-period ad allocation problem faced by an online publisher who sells ad impressions on websites through two sales channels. In the guaranteed sales channel, advertisers submit heterogeneous offers for contracts under which the publisher guarantees delivery of a certain number of ad impressions over a certain period; in the real-time bidding (RTB) sales channel, the publisher runs an RTB auction to sell ad impressions. In each period, the publisher decides whether to accept or reject contract proposals; how to allocate ad impressions across existing contracts; and how many impressions to sell via RTB. The publisher faces uncertain demand from advertisers and an uncertain supply of impressions, which are generated by viewers visiting the publisher’s websites. We formulate the problem as a finite-horizon stochastic dynamic program, which poses significant methodological challenges. We first present structural properties of optimal policies under certain cases. To avoid the curse of dimensionality in dynamic programming, we develop an approach involving Lagrangian relaxations. We decompose the problem into a series of solvable subproblems and derive optimal policies. We further develop Lagrangian policies with performance guarantees. We show that when Lagrange multipliers depend on more signal history, the linear term’s weight of the number of contract types in the performance upper bound decreases. Furthermore, if the Lagrange multipliers depend on the full signal history, the corresponding Lagrangian policies will be asymptotically optimal to the number of contract types. We also explore a more suitable case for large-scale real-time ad allocation and create Lagrangian policies that yield comparable performance guarantees. Finally, we extend our main results to four new scenarios.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19529,"journal":{"name":"Omega-international Journal of Management Science","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 103213"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142539543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of counterfeits and fake reviews in markets for credence goods 假冒和虚假评论对信誉商品市场的影响

IF 6.7 2区管理学 Q1 MANAGEMENT

Omega-international Journal of Management Science

Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.omega.2024.103218

Yongqin Lei , Fredrik Ødegaard , Hubert Pun

Counterfeits are a persistent problem in online marketplaces, in particular regarding credence goods (e.g., nutritional supplements), as their qualities are difficult or impossible to evaluate even after consumption. Concerned about product quality, customers frequently rely on external signals, such as product badges based on ratings. However, even product ratings are not foolproof as unethical sellers may acquire fake positive reviews to exploit product ratings and badge systems. To analyze the impact fake reviews have on credence goods, we consider a two-stage competition between an authentic seller and a deceptive counterfeiter. The market consists of two types of consumers: savvy customers, who understand that endorsement badges are product-dependent and not seller-dependent, and novice customers, who mistakenly believe product badges testify to a seller's authenticity. In the first stage, both sellers simultaneously decide on whether to acquire fake reviews, which partially influences if the product receives an endorsement badge. In the second stage, both sellers simultaneously set their prices and customers make purchasing decisions. Our results indicate that, in equilibrium, the authentic seller does not acquire fake reviews, while the counterfeiter may do so to mislead customers. Moreover, the amount of fake reviews is decreasing in the fraction of savvy consumers, suggesting that online platforms can combat fake reviews by, for instance, clearly highlighting that badges are product-dependent. We also find that having the option to acquire fake reviews may benefit both sellers but always hurts consumers, emphasizing the need for regulation to protect consumers.

假冒伪劣产品是网上市场长期存在的问题，尤其是信誉商品（如营养补充剂），因为即使在消费后也很难或不可能对其质量进行评估。出于对产品质量的担忧，客户经常依赖外部信号，如基于评级的产品徽章。然而，即使是产品评级也不是万无一失的，因为不道德的卖家可能会获取虚假的好评，从而利用产品评级和徽章系统。为了分析虚假评论对信誉商品的影响，我们考虑了真实卖家和欺骗性造假者之间的两阶段竞争。市场由两类消费者组成：一类是精明的消费者，他们明白徽章的认可度取决于产品而非卖家；另一类是新手消费者，他们误以为产品徽章证明了卖家的真实性。在第一阶段，双方卖家同时决定是否获取虚假评论，而虚假评论会部分影响产品是否获得背书徽章。在第二阶段，双方卖家同时确定价格，顾客做出购买决策。我们的研究结果表明，在均衡状态下，正品卖家不会获取虚假评论，而造假者则可能通过获取虚假评论来误导顾客。此外，虚假评论的数量随着精明消费者比例的增加而减少，这表明在线平台可以通过明确强调徽章与产品相关等方式来打击虚假评论。我们还发现，选择获取虚假评论可能对卖家双方都有利，但却总是损害消费者的利益，这就强调了监管以保护消费者的必要性。

{"title":"Effect of counterfeits and fake reviews in markets for credence goods","authors":"Yongqin Lei , Fredrik Ødegaard , Hubert Pun","doi":"10.1016/j.omega.2024.103218","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.omega.2024.103218","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Counterfeits are a persistent problem in online marketplaces, in particular regarding credence goods (e.g., nutritional supplements), as their qualities are difficult or impossible to evaluate even after consumption. Concerned about product quality, customers frequently rely on external signals, such as product badges based on ratings. However, even product ratings are not foolproof as unethical sellers may acquire fake positive reviews to exploit product ratings and badge systems. To analyze the impact fake reviews have on credence goods, we consider a two-stage competition between an authentic seller and a deceptive counterfeiter. The market consists of two types of consumers: savvy customers, who understand that endorsement badges are product-dependent and not seller-dependent, and novice customers, who mistakenly believe product badges testify to a seller's authenticity. In the first stage, both sellers simultaneously decide on whether to acquire fake reviews, which partially influences if the product receives an endorsement badge. In the second stage, both sellers simultaneously set their prices and customers make purchasing decisions. Our results indicate that, in equilibrium, the authentic seller does not acquire fake reviews, while the counterfeiter may do so to mislead customers. Moreover, the amount of fake reviews is decreasing in the fraction of savvy consumers, suggesting that online platforms can combat fake reviews by, for instance, clearly highlighting that badges are product-dependent. We also find that having the option to acquire fake reviews may benefit both sellers but always hurts consumers, emphasizing the need for regulation to protect consumers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19529,"journal":{"name":"Omega-international Journal of Management Science","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 103218"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142658622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Multi-stage resource leveling problem with self-operation and outsourcing cooperation in sharing logistics 共享物流中自营和外包合作的多阶段资源调配问题

IF 6.7 2区管理学 Q1 MANAGEMENT

Omega-international Journal of Management Science

Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.omega.2024.103221

Xiaofeng Xu , Yangyang He , Min Liu , Peng Qi , Lean Yu

Self-operation and outsourcing cooperation have emerged as the prevailing operating mode for logistics companies in the realm of sharing logistics. This mode facilitates the rational and effective coordination of multiple resources for task assignment. However, the competition and cooperation relationship between self-operation and outsourcing remain largely unexplored, leaving logistics companies grappling with the trade-off between cost-effectiveness and risk. To address this gap, we propose a multi-stage resource leveling model that accounts for the fuzzy outsourcing resources, the efficacy of intra-stage resources, and the stability of inter-stage resources. We employ an improved gravitational search algorithm to solve this model efficiently. Inspired by Markowitz's portfolio theory, we propose a resource portfolio strategy under the self-operation and outsourcing cooperation mode based on the mean-variance model to better weigh up the “cost-effectiveness” and “risk” exhibited by logistics resources. The strategy uses expected returns and variance to evaluate the benefits and risks, thereby categorizing allocation schemes according to risk levels. Finally, through experiment analysis, we discuss the optimal scale of self-operation and outsourcing resources for logistics subtasks at different risk levels. This analysis equips logistics companies with the insights needed to make informed decisions aligned with their risk preferences and overall benefits, offering crucial managerial implications for business and strategic decisions.

在共享物流领域，自营和外包合作已成为物流企业普遍采用的运营模式。这种模式有利于合理有效地协调多方资源进行任务分配。然而，自营与外包之间的竞争与合作关系在很大程度上仍未得到探讨，这使得物流企业在成本效益与风险之间苦苦权衡。针对这一空白，我们提出了一个多阶段资源分配模型，该模型考虑了模糊外包资源、阶段内资源的有效性和阶段间资源的稳定性。我们采用改进的引力搜索算法来高效求解该模型。受马科维茨投资组合理论的启发，我们提出了基于均值-方差模型的自营和外包合作模式下的资源组合策略，以更好地权衡物流资源所表现出的 "成本效益 "和 "风险"。该策略利用预期收益和方差来评估收益和风险，从而根据风险程度对分配方案进行分类。最后，通过实验分析，我们讨论了不同风险水平下物流子任务的最佳自营和外包资源规模。这项分析为物流公司提供了根据其风险偏好和总体收益做出明智决策所需的洞察力，为业务和战略决策提供了重要的管理意义。

{"title":"Multi-stage resource leveling problem with self-operation and outsourcing cooperation in sharing logistics","authors":"Xiaofeng Xu , Yangyang He , Min Liu , Peng Qi , Lean Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.omega.2024.103221","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.omega.2024.103221","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Self-operation and outsourcing cooperation have emerged as the prevailing operating mode for logistics companies in the realm of sharing logistics. This mode facilitates the rational and effective coordination of multiple resources for task assignment. However, the competition and cooperation relationship between self-operation and outsourcing remain largely unexplored, leaving logistics companies grappling with the trade-off between cost-effectiveness and risk. To address this gap, we propose a multi-stage resource leveling model that accounts for the fuzzy outsourcing resources, the efficacy of intra-stage resources, and the stability of inter-stage resources. We employ an improved gravitational search algorithm to solve this model efficiently. Inspired by Markowitz's portfolio theory, we propose a resource portfolio strategy under the self-operation and outsourcing cooperation mode based on the mean-variance model to better weigh up the “cost-effectiveness” and “risk” exhibited by logistics resources. The strategy uses expected returns and variance to evaluate the benefits and risks, thereby categorizing allocation schemes according to risk levels. Finally, through experiment analysis, we discuss the optimal scale of self-operation and outsourcing resources for logistics subtasks at different risk levels. This analysis equips logistics companies with the insights needed to make informed decisions aligned with their risk preferences and overall benefits, offering crucial managerial implications for business and strategic decisions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19529,"journal":{"name":"Omega-international Journal of Management Science","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 103221"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142587382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0