Omega-international Journal of Management Science最新文献

Revenue distribution in streaming 流媒体的收益分配

IF 6.7 2区管理学 Q1 MANAGEMENT

Omega-international Journal of Management Science

Pub Date : 2024-11-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.omega.2024.103233

Juan Carlos Gonçalves-Dosantos , Ricardo Martínez , Joaquín Sánchez-Soriano

The streaming industry has experienced exponential growth over the past decade. Streaming platforms provide subscribers with unlimited access to a diverse range of services, including movies, TV shows, and music, in exchange for a subscription fee. We take an axiomatic approach to the problem of how to share the overall revenue obtained from subscription sales among services or content producers. In doing so, we provide normative justifications for several distribution rules. We formulate several axioms that convey ethical and operational principles. In the first group, we consider properties that guarantee equal and impartial treatment of services and subscribers. In the second group, we introduce requirements designed to safeguard allocation schemes from inconvenient alterations, namely, changes in the units of measurement of inputs, subscription sharing, or group decomposition. Our analysis reveals that different combinations of these axioms define two classes of rules that strike a balance between three focal schemes, each representing distinct perspectives on the egalitarian and proportional principles. To illustrate the practical implications of our theoretical model, we explore its potential application by assessing how various types of content impact the revenues of some of the most well-known Twitch streamers.

流媒体行业在过去十年中经历了指数级增长。流媒体平台为订阅者提供无限制的各种服务，包括电影、电视节目和音乐，以换取订阅费。我们采用一种不言自明的方法来解决如何在服务或内容生产者之间分享从订阅销售中获得的总收入的问题。在这样做的过程中，我们为几个分布规则提供了规范性的理由。我们制定了几个公理来传达道德和操作原则。在第一组中，我们考虑保证服务和用户得到平等和公正待遇的属性。在第二组中，我们介绍了旨在保护分配方案免受不便更改的需求，即输入度量单位的更改、订阅共享或组分解。我们的分析表明，这些公理的不同组合定义了两类规则，它们在三个焦点方案之间取得平衡，每个方案代表了对平等主义和比例原则的不同观点。为了说明我们的理论模型的实际意义，我们通过评估各种类型的内容如何影响一些最知名的Twitch流媒体的收入来探索其潜在的应用。

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引用次数: 0

Partner selection for supply chain collaboration: New data envelopment analysis models 供应链合作伙伴选择：新的数据包络分析模型

IF 6.7 2区管理学 Q1 MANAGEMENT

Omega-international Journal of Management Science

Pub Date : 2024-11-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.omega.2024.103245

Lili Liu , Sheng Ang , Feng Yang , Xiaoqi Zhang

Partner selection is crucial for ensuring successful supply chain collaboration. This study focuses on selecting the best partner for a predefined two-stage supply chain using data envelopment analysis to assess the performance of collaborative systems. We distinguish between two levels of supply chain collaboration: chain-to-chain and stage-to-stage collaboration. The former involves partner selection within the same supply chain across two stages, while the latter allows for selected partners from different supply chains across two stages. We incorporate the technology learning effect and introduce three degrees of collaboration (minor, major, and medium) for both chain and stage collaboration levels. Solutions are provided for each collaboration level and degree, with comparative analysis indicating that major collaboration in stage-to-stage level yields superior performance. A numerical example and a real-world case study are presented to illustrate our models and findings, demonstrating that our approach offers superior benefits and more flexible options compared to existing methods. Thus, the proposed approach not only contributes to advancing theoretical understanding but also provides practical implications for optimizing collaborative relationships within complex multi-stage supply chain environments.

合作伙伴的选择对于确保成功的供应链协作至关重要。本研究的重点是选择一个预定义的两阶段供应链的最佳合作伙伴，使用数据包络分析来评估协作系统的性能。我们将供应链协作分为两个层次：链对链协作和阶段对阶段协作。前者涉及跨两个阶段在同一供应链中选择合作伙伴，而后者允许跨两个阶段从不同供应链中选择合作伙伴。我们结合了技术学习效应，并为链和阶段的协作水平引入了三种程度的协作（次要、主要和中等）。为每个协作级别和程度提供了解决方案，通过比较分析表明，阶段到阶段级别的主要协作产生了优越的性能。通过一个数值例子和一个现实世界的案例研究来说明我们的模型和发现，证明我们的方法比现有的方法提供了更好的效益和更灵活的选择。因此，所提出的方法不仅有助于推进理论理解，而且为优化复杂的多阶段供应链环境中的协作关系提供了实际意义。

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引用次数: 0

A novel framework for optimizing job rotation schedules across industries 一个优化跨行业工作轮换时间表的新框架

IF 6.7 2区管理学 Q1 MANAGEMENT

Omega-international Journal of Management Science

Pub Date : 2024-11-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.omega.2024.103235

Priyank Sinha , Sameer Kumar , Chandra Prakash Garg , Charu Chandra

Implementing job rotation (JR) can yield positive or negative impacts depending on the firm characteristics and industry type. As a result, a generic framework for its implementation is difficult to develop and presently does not exist in literature. Existing models/frameworks have limited application as they are either too specific or generic, but imprecise. Consequently, managers often rely on their intuition to develop JR schedules which sometimes leads to suboptimal/unwanted outcomes. In this article, we propose a generic JR framework, which can be used by managers to develop optimal JR schedules in firms across many industries, such as IT, manufacturing, banking, medical, construction, chemical, aviation, etc. The proposed framework contributes to theory by addressing important questions, such as when to implement JR, and how to quantify some of its most important impacts. We also demonstrate the utility of the proposed framework through an illustrative industrial example.

实施岗位轮岗（JR）会产生积极或消极的影响，这取决于公司的特点和行业类型。因此，其实施的通用框架很难开发，目前在文献中不存在。现有的模型/框架的应用有限，因为它们要么太具体，要么太通用，但不精确。因此，管理者经常依靠他们的直觉来制定JR时间表，这有时会导致次优/不想要的结果。在本文中，我们提出了一个通用的JR框架，管理者可以使用它来制定许多行业的公司的最佳JR时间表，如IT、制造业、银行业、医疗、建筑、化工、航空等。拟议的框架通过解决重要问题，如何时实施司法审查，以及如何量化其最重要的影响，为理论做出了贡献。我们还通过一个说明性的工业实例证明了所提出的框架的实用性。

引用次数: 0

Can feature removal benefit the automotive manufacturers amid supply shortages? An analytical investigation 在供应短缺的情况下，去功能化能否使汽车制造商受益？分析调查

IF 6.7 2区管理学 Q1 MANAGEMENT

Omega-international Journal of Management Science

Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.omega.2024.103227

Lu Wang , Tianhu Deng , Qiaofeng Li

The automotive industry has been significantly impacted by the global semiconductor shortage since 2020. Traditional strategies, such as maintaining safety stock and sourcing from backup suppliers, have been proven insufficient in mitigating supply shortages. To address the global chip shortage and build supply chain viability, leading automotive manufacturers worldwide have adopted an innovative adaptation strategy known as the feature removal strategy. This strategy involves temporarily removing non-vital features and retrofitting them once supply shortages are alleviated, thereby mitigating disruptions. Given the increasing frequency, severity, and unpredictability of global chip shortages, it is crucial to investigate the potential benefits of the feature removal strategy for automotive manufacturers. This study aims to address this gap analytically. We develop a stochastic dynamic programming model to optimize pricing and production decisions under the feature removal strategy. We reformulate the model into an equivalent convex problem and propose structural properties to manage the complexity arising from the high dimensionality of state and action spaces. Comparative analyses with benchmark strategies underscore the efficacy of the feature removal strategy in enhancing profitability and sustaining supply chain viability, especially in prolonged supply shortage scenarios.

自 2020 年以来，汽车行业一直受到全球半导体短缺的严重影响。事实证明，维持安全库存和从后备供应商采购等传统战略不足以缓解供应短缺问题。为解决全球芯片短缺问题并建立供应链的可行性，全球领先的汽车制造商采用了一种创新的适应战略，即 "功能移除战略"。该战略包括暂时移除非重要功能，并在供应短缺得到缓解后进行改装，从而减轻中断情况。鉴于全球芯片短缺的频率、严重程度和不可预测性不断增加，研究去除特征战略对汽车制造商的潜在益处至关重要。本研究旨在通过分析解决这一问题。我们建立了一个随机动态编程模型，用于优化特征去除策略下的定价和生产决策。我们将该模型重新表述为一个等效的凸问题，并提出了结构特性，以管理因状态和行动空间的高维度而产生的复杂性。通过与基准策略的比较分析，我们强调了特征去除策略在提高盈利能力和维持供应链可行性方面的功效，尤其是在长期供应短缺的情况下。

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引用次数: 0

Managing manufacturer encroachment and product conflicts in a closed-loop supply chain: The case of information asymmetry 闭环供应链中制造商侵占与产品冲突的管理：信息不对称的情况

IF 6.7 2区管理学 Q1 MANAGEMENT

Omega-international Journal of Management Science

Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.omega.2024.103236

Senlin Zhao , Mengxiang Wang , Qin Zhou , Xiqiang Xia

The implementation of direct channels allows manufacturers to distribute new and remanufactured products through separate channels. This prompts manufacturers to carefully consider which products to channel directly. In the remanufacturing process, manufacturers often delegate the collection process to retailers. However, only retailers know their own collection efficiency information, whereas manufacturers can only know its probability distribution. To explore the choice of encroachment channel strategy under information asymmetry, we constructed a dual-channel closed-loop supply chain model, in which the manufacturer can design non-linear contracts to incentivize the retailer to choose contracts that align with its capabilities, ultimately maximizing its profit. We discuss the case of manufacturer dual product encroachment and the impact of consumer channel preferences in the extended model. The findings reveal that, contrary to previous studies, the profits of low-type manufacturers are not always reduced, and the effect of information asymmetry may be opposite. Moreover, information asymmetry can be detrimental to high-type retailers. The optimal channel choice is affected by factors such as remanufacturing cost, consumer channel preference, information asymmetry, and reserved profit differences. Manufacturers and retailers can achieve a win-win situation through new product encroachment, which can also counteract the negative effects of information asymmetry and enhance consumer surplus.

直接渠道的实施允许制造商通过单独的渠道分销新产品和再制造产品。这促使制造商仔细考虑直接销售哪些产品。在再制造过程中，制造商通常将回收过程委托给零售商。然而，只有零售商知道自己的回收效率信息，而制造商只能知道其概率分布。为了探讨信息不对称条件下的入侵渠道策略选择问题，构建了一个双渠道闭环供应链模型，在该模型中，制造商可以设计非线性契约来激励零售商选择与其能力相匹配的契约，最终实现零售商利润最大化。我们在扩展模型中讨论了制造商双产品侵占的情况以及消费者渠道偏好的影响。研究结果表明，与以往的研究相反，低类型制造商的利润并不总是减少，信息不对称的影响可能相反。此外，信息不对称可能对高端零售商不利。最优渠道选择受再制造成本、消费者渠道偏好、信息不对称和保留利润差异等因素的影响。制造商和零售商可以通过新产品的蚕食实现双赢，也可以抵消信息不对称的负面影响，增强消费者剩余。

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引用次数: 0

Closed-loop supply chain design considering quantity-dependent price and decentralized local waste management 考虑数量依赖价格和分散本地废物管理的闭环供应链设计

IF 6.7 2区管理学 Q1 MANAGEMENT

Omega-international Journal of Management Science

Pub Date : 2024-11-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.omega.2024.103232

Jun Seop Lee, Byung Do Chung

With the increasingly widespread use of household plastic products, environmental pollution caused by plastic waste has emerged as a severe problem. Despite the efforts of academia and government bodies, plastic recycling rates worldwide remain low. Thus, this study aims at establishing a closed-loop supply chain design model for household plastic recycling. We develop a bilevel optimization model to reflect decentralized decision-making between a manufacturer and public sectors and propose a strategy to obtain optimal solutions. The proposed model considers two critical aspects of the problem: decentralized local waste management and quantity-dependent price. Numerical experiments are conducted based on real annual operation data, and various managerial insights are derived from sensitivity analyses. Additionally, we recommend various strategies to mitigate potential social conflicts arising from increasing volumes of plastic waste as well as directions for government policy aimed at enhancing the plastic recycling rate.

随着家用塑料制品的日益广泛使用，塑料垃圾造成的环境污染已经成为一个严重的问题。尽管学术界和政府机构做出了努力，但全球塑料回收率仍然很低。因此，本研究旨在建立一个生活塑料回收的闭环供应链设计模型。我们建立了一个双层优化模型来反映制造商和公共部门之间的分散决策，并提出了获得最优解决方案的策略。提出的模型考虑了问题的两个关键方面：分散的地方废物管理和数量依赖的价格。基于真实的年度运营数据进行了数值实验，并从敏感性分析中得出了各种管理见解。此外，我们建议采取各种策略，以减轻塑料废物数量增加所带来的潜在社会冲突，并建议政府制定旨在提高塑料回收率的政策方向。

引用次数: 0

The inoculation dilemma: Partial vs Full immunization during the early rollout in a pandemic 接种困境：大流行早期部分免疫与全面免疫

IF 6.7 2区管理学 Q1 MANAGEMENT

Omega-international Journal of Management Science

Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.omega.2024.103230

Rajdeep Singh , Stefan Wrzaczek , Michael Freiberger

COVID-19 demonstrated the extent to which a pandemic can affect billions of lives worldwide. Vaccinations are an effective intervention that reduces the burden of the disease on the population. However, the low availability of vaccine doses coupled with an emerging infection wave calls for efficient dose allocation. We study the tradeoffs between prioritization of partial or full immunization while allocating limited doses with the help of an augmented SIR model. We define the term allocation ratio as the ratio of doses allocated for partial immunization as a proportion of the total available doses. Optimal control theory is used to derive the path traversed by the allocation ratio throughout the vaccine administration program. Numerical insights are obtained by introducing the case study of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Results indicate a preference towards full immunization when the active infections are low, while a switch to exclusive partial immunization is observed as the infection wave grows. Sensitivity analysis shows that factors like reduced vaccine availability, higher transmission rate, and high first-dose efficacy promote a quicker switch. The results also indicate significant potential savings of around ₹710 billion (

\sim

$8.46 billion) in mortality losses compared to the more widely followed pro-rata allocation policies. Hence, our study contributes to the growing discussion around the optimal strategy for vaccine administration with a focus on dose prioritization. The results of our research can help policymakers determine the allocation of limited available doses when faced with rising infection numbers during future pandemics.

2019冠状病毒病表明，大流行可以在多大程度上影响全球数十亿人的生活。接种疫苗是一种有效的干预措施，可以减轻人口的疾病负担。然而，疫苗剂量的低可得性加上新出现的感染浪潮要求有效分配剂量。在增强型SIR模型的帮助下，我们研究了部分免疫或完全免疫优先级之间的权衡，同时分配有限的剂量。我们将分配比率定义为部分免疫分配的剂量占总可用剂量的比例。利用最优控制理论推导出分配比例在整个疫苗接种方案中所经过的路径。通过介绍印度泰米尔纳德邦的案例研究，获得了数值见解。结果表明，当活动性感染较低时，倾向于完全免疫，而随着感染波的增加，倾向于完全部分免疫。敏感性分析表明，疫苗可得性降低、传播率较高和首次剂量效力高等因素促进了更快的转换。结果还表明，与更广泛遵循的按比例分配政策相比，死亡率损失可能节省约7100亿卢比（约84.6亿美元）。因此，我们的研究有助于围绕疫苗施用的最佳策略进行越来越多的讨论，重点是剂量优先级。我们的研究结果可以帮助决策者在未来大流行期间面临感染人数上升时，确定有限可用剂量的分配。

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引用次数: 0

Pre-occurrence location-allocation-configuration of maritime emergency resources considering shipborne unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) 考虑到舰载无人飞行器（UAV），海上应急资源的事前定位-分配-配置

IF 6.7 2区管理学 Q1 MANAGEMENT

Omega-international Journal of Management Science

Pub Date : 2024-11-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.omega.2024.103231

Yuzhen Hu , Min Wang , Xinghai Guo , Valery F. Lukinykh

Demand for maritime transportation has constantly increased throughout recent years due to its high capacity, extensive coverage, high safety, and so on. However, the growth has also contributed to a rise in maritime accidents, highlighting the need for developing maritime emergency management strategies. In maritime emergency management, resource location-allocation-configuration is the most important and inseparable preparedness action before disasters, directly deciding the quality of emergency rescue operations. Traditional ship-only rescue is frequently both cost-intensive and time-consuming, seriously affecting rescue performance. This study introduces an innovative shipborne UAV operation system to address these limitations. Firstly, a multi-objective mixed-integer nonlinear programming model is established to minimize total rescue time and cost by considering the uncertain maritime environment, continuous docking placements of ships, UAV flight distance, rescue station capacity, etc. Secondly, to efficiently obtain an execution plan, a two-stage algorithm is proposed to facilitate our mission optimization model. Large-scale simulated instances and a real case study demonstrate that (i) the proposed algorithm can solve the model efficiently. (ii) the application of shipborne UAV operation system in maritime emergencies shows a significant improvement in time and cost compared to ship-only system. (iii) it is necessary to consider the uncertain maritime environment when solving emergency management problems. Moreover, extensive parameter sensitivity analysis provides managerial insights into the impact of various factors on the optimization outcomes. We also explore deeper insights that may benefit maritime administration's decision support.

近年来，海上运输因其运量大、覆盖面广、安全性高等特点而需求不断增长。然而，这种增长也导致了海事事故的增加，凸显了制定海事应急管理策略的必要性。在海事应急管理中，资源定位-分配-配置是灾害发生前最重要且不可分割的准备行动，直接决定着应急救援行动的质量。传统的船载救援往往既耗费成本又耗费时间，严重影响救援效果。针对这些局限性，本研究引入了一种创新的船载无人机操作系统。首先，建立了一个多目标混合整数非线性编程模型，通过考虑不确定的海洋环境、船舶连续停靠位置、无人机飞行距离、救助站容量等因素，使总救助时间和成本最小化。其次，为了有效地获得执行计划，提出了一种两阶段算法来促进我们的任务优化模型。大规模模拟实例和实际案例研究证明：（i）所提出的算法可以高效地求解模型。(ii) 在海上紧急事件中应用舰载无人机操作系统，与纯舰载系统相比，在时间和成本上都有显著改善。(iii) 在解决应急管理问题时，有必要考虑不确定的海上环境。此外，广泛的参数敏感性分析为管理者提供了各种因素对优化结果影响的见解。我们还探索了更深层次的见解，这可能有利于海事管理部门的决策支持。

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引用次数: 0

Economically viable reshoring of supply chains under ripple effect 涟漪效应下经济上可行的供应链重组

IF 6.7 2区管理学 Q1 MANAGEMENT

Omega-international Journal of Management Science

Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.omega.2024.103228

Tadeusz Sawik

This paper presents stochastic mixed integer linear programming models for economically viable supply chain reshoring under the ripple effect, that is, for the integrated optimization of supply chain reshoring and supply chain viability. The problem objective is to select supply chain facilities for relocation and backup suppliers for recovery supplies to simultaneously minimize cost, maximize service and enhance viability. If the primary supplier is not selected for reshoring, the viability can alternatively be improved by recovery supplies from the backup supplier. The problem is formulated as a multi-portfolio stochastic optimization. The portfolio of suppliers/plants for reshoring is optimized along with an alternative recovery portfolio of backup supplies. This study indicates that reshoring decisions directly affect supply chain viability and have positive impact on both its average and worst-case performance. The more risk-aversive is viable reshoring (the confidence level greater than 0.90), the greater is also improvement of supply chain business-as-usual resilience. If increase of expected customer service is more important than cost reduction, supplier reshoring is preferable to backup sourcing. The findings also indicate that cost- and service-optimal reshoring decisions are getting closer when the government subsidy for reshoring significantly increases such that the reduced reshoring costs and domestic costs do not exceed the achieved reduction of lost sales and backup sourcing. Then both conflicting objectives can be simultaneously achieved, which is a highly desirable solution of the economically viable reshoring of supply chain. Numerical examples based on a real-world industrial supply chain prove practical usefulness of the proposed stochastic approach and its high computational efficiency.

本文提出了随机混合整数线性规划模型，用于涟漪效应下经济上可行的供应链重组，即供应链重组和供应链可行性的综合优化。问题的目标是选择供应链设施进行转移，并选择后备供应商进行恢复供应，以同时实现成本最小化、服务最大化和生存能力增强。如果不选择主供应商进行重组，则可以通过从备用供应商处恢复供应来提高可行性。该问题被表述为多组合随机优化。在优化转产供应商/工厂组合的同时，还优化了备用供应的替代恢复组合。这项研究表明，转产决策会直接影响供应链的可行性，并对供应链的平均绩效和最差绩效产生积极影响。风险规避程度越高（置信度大于 0.90），供应链 "一切照旧 "的恢复能力就越强。如果提高预期客户服务比降低成本更重要，那么供应商的重新选择比后备采购更可取。研究结果还表明，当政府对转产的补贴大幅增加，使转产成本和国内成本的降低幅度不超过销售损失和后备采购的减少幅度时，成本和服务最优的转产决策就会越来越接近。这样，两个相互冲突的目标就能同时实现，这就是经济上可行的供应链重组的理想解决方案。基于现实世界工业供应链的数值实例证明了所提出的随机方法的实用性及其较高的计算效率。

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引用次数: 0

The role of hubs and economies of scale in network expansion 枢纽和规模经济在网络扩展中的作用

IF 6.7 2区管理学 Q1 MANAGEMENT

Omega-international Journal of Management Science

Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.omega.2024.103220

Fran Setiawan , Tolga Bektaş , Çağatay Iris

Freight distribution often operates on the basis of consolidation, which is achieved through the use of hub facilities that allow for economies of scale. Freight networks need to be expanded to meet future demand, to cater for new markets, and to accommodate trends in global supply chains, for which strategic decisions need to be made. These decisions mainly entail the number and location of new hubs to be established. As network expansions require significant capital, striking a balance between the benefits afforded by the new hubs and the expansion costs is crucial. This paper investigates a hub network expansion problem where the configuration of the resulting network is determined by the trade-off between the fixed costs of locating new hubs and new links, as well as routing costs of shipping commodities, and the cost reductions achieved through economies of scale, without imposing a predetermined network structure. This paper also describes a mixed integer programming formulation of the problem and a Benders decomposition algorithm that uses several enhancement techniques to efficiently solve the model to optimality. The application of the algorithm on a real-life case study arising in the expansion of the Indonesian freight transport network yields several managerial insights. In particular, expanding the network with additional hubs and links can yield substantial cost savings, averaging at 47.6%, although at the expense of an increase in the length of the commodity paths. Failing to operate the network at the selected level of economies of scale can result in an increase in the routing costs by up to 58.8%. Expanding the network with no additional hubs leads to a rise in total costs of up to 20.9%. Finally, lower economies of scale leads to an increase in the length of commodity paths, with the routing cost being identified as the most sensitive parameter.

货运分销通常以整合为基础，通过利用枢纽设施实现规模经济。货运网络需要扩大，以满足未来的需求，迎合新的市场，并适应全球供应链的发展趋势，为此需要做出战略决策。这些决定主要涉及要建立的新枢纽的数量和位置。由于网络扩张需要大量资金，因此在新枢纽带来的效益与扩张成本之间取得平衡至关重要。本文研究的是一个枢纽网络扩展问题，在这个问题中，所产生的网络配置是由确定新枢纽和新链接位置的固定成本以及运输商品的路由成本与通过规模经济降低成本之间的权衡决定的，而不强加一个预定的网络结构。本文还介绍了该问题的混合整数编程公式和一种本德斯分解算法，该算法采用了多种增强技术，可高效地求解该模型，使其达到最佳状态。将该算法应用于印尼货运网络扩展过程中出现的一个实际案例研究中，可获得若干管理启示。特别是，通过增加枢纽和连接点来扩展网络可以节省大量成本，平均节省 47.6%，但代价是增加商品路径的长度。如果不按选定的规模经济水平运营网络，路由成本最多会增加 58.8%。在不增加枢纽的情况下扩大网络，总成本最多会增加 20.9%。最后，较低的规模经济导致商品路径长度增加，路由成本被确定为最敏感的参数。

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引用次数: 0