Trevor B. Chen, Bangzhi Liu, Jake A. McCoy, Guy Lavallee, Michael Labella, William Mahony, Shane Miller, Chad Eichfeld, Naibo Jiang, and Paul S. Hsu
Broadband high-efficiency diffraction gratings play a crucial role in the pulse stretcher and compressor of high-energy ultrafast lasers. Nevertheless, conventional grating manufacturing techniques, including mechanical ruling and holographic recording, face challenges in creating accurate blazed groove profiles necessary for the fabrication of broadband, high-efficiency mid-infrared gratings. In this work, we utilized combined electron-beam lithography and anisotropic wet etching technology to fabricate nearly perfect blazed grooves, producing high efficiency broadband mid-infrared (IR) grating for 4.3 µm 100 femtosecond laser. Global optimization was performed to achieve a design of > 90% efficiency over spectral range of 3.6 µm – 6.6 µm. Hybrid metal-dielectric coating (Au-Al2O3) is employed and optimized to minimize absorption and to enhance diffraction efficiency and laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT). Prototype gratings undergo testing at a desired application wavelengths of 4.3 µm in a tunable range of 0.2 µm, revealing that the optimal sample achieves a diffraction efficiency of 92%, closely approaching the theoretical value of 94.2%
{"title":"Development of broadband high efficiency Mid-IR gratings for high-energy ultrafast lasers","authors":"Trevor B. Chen, Bangzhi Liu, Jake A. McCoy, Guy Lavallee, Michael Labella, William Mahony, Shane Miller, Chad Eichfeld, Naibo Jiang, and Paul S. Hsu","doi":"10.1364/ome.521507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/ome.521507","url":null,"abstract":"Broadband high-efficiency diffraction gratings play a crucial role in the pulse stretcher and compressor of high-energy ultrafast lasers. Nevertheless, conventional grating manufacturing techniques, including mechanical ruling and holographic recording, face challenges in creating accurate blazed groove profiles necessary for the fabrication of broadband, high-efficiency mid-infrared gratings. In this work, we utilized combined electron-beam lithography and anisotropic wet etching technology to fabricate nearly perfect blazed grooves, producing high efficiency broadband mid-infrared (IR) grating for 4.3 µm 100 femtosecond laser. Global optimization was performed to achieve a design of > 90% efficiency over spectral range of 3.6 µm – 6.6 µm. Hybrid metal-dielectric coating (Au-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) is employed and optimized to minimize absorption and to enhance diffraction efficiency and laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT). Prototype gratings undergo testing at a desired application wavelengths of 4.3 µm in a tunable range of 0.2 µm, revealing that the optimal sample achieves a diffraction efficiency of 92%, closely approaching the theoretical value of 94.2%","PeriodicalId":19548,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials Express","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140623958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In recent years, significant progress has been made in the development of magnet-less nonreciprocity using space-time modulation, both in electromagnetics and acoustics. This approach has so far resulted in a plethora of non-reciprocal devices, such as isolators and circulators, over different parts of the spectrum, for guided waves. On the other hand, very little work has been performed on non-reciprocal devices for waves propagating in free space, which can also have many practical applications. For example, it was shown theoretically that non-reciprocal scattering by a metasurface can be obtained if the surface-impedance operator is continuously modulated in space and time. However, the main challenge in the realization of such a metasurface is due to the high complexity required to modulate in space and time many sub-wavelength unit-cells of which the metasurface consists. In this paper, we show that spatiotemporally modulated metagratings can lead to strong nonreciprocal responses, even though they are based on electrically-large unit cells and use only three modulation domains. We specifically focus on wire metagratings loaded with time-modulated capacitances. We use the discrete-dipole approximation and an ad-hoc generalization of the theory of polarizability for time-modulated particles and demonstrate an effective non-reciprocal anomalous reflection (diffraction) with an efficient frequency conversion. Thus, our work opens a venue for a practical design and implementation of highly non-reciprocal magnet-less metasurfaces in electromagnetics and acoustics.
{"title":"Space-time modulated loaded-wire metagratings for magnetless nonreciprocity and near-complete frequency conversion","authors":"Yakir Hadad and Dimitrios Sounas","doi":"10.1364/ome.515628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/ome.515628","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, significant progress has been made in the development of magnet-less nonreciprocity using space-time modulation, both in electromagnetics and acoustics. This approach has so far resulted in a plethora of non-reciprocal devices, such as isolators and circulators, over different parts of the spectrum, for guided waves. On the other hand, very little work has been performed on non-reciprocal devices for waves propagating in free space, which can also have many practical applications. For example, it was shown theoretically that non-reciprocal scattering by a metasurface can be obtained if the surface-impedance operator is continuously modulated in space and time. However, the main challenge in the realization of such a metasurface is due to the high complexity required to modulate in space and time many sub-wavelength unit-cells of which the metasurface consists. In this paper, we show that spatiotemporally modulated metagratings can lead to strong nonreciprocal responses, even though they are based on electrically-large unit cells and use only three modulation domains. We specifically focus on wire metagratings loaded with time-modulated capacitances. We use the discrete-dipole approximation and an ad-hoc generalization of the theory of polarizability for time-modulated particles and demonstrate an effective non-reciprocal anomalous reflection (diffraction) with an efficient frequency conversion. Thus, our work opens a venue for a practical design and implementation of highly non-reciprocal magnet-less metasurfaces in electromagnetics and acoustics.","PeriodicalId":19548,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials Express","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140615340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Luca Dal Negro, Hui Cao, Marcel Filoche, Sebastian A. Schulz, Silvia Vignolini, and Diederik S. Wiersma
The editors introduce the feature issue on “Beyond Order: Random, Aperiodic, and Hyperuniform Photonic Materials,” which includes nine articles.
编辑们介绍了 "超越有序：随机、非周期性和超均匀光子材料"，其中包括九篇文章。
{"title":"Beyond Order: Random, Aperiodic, and Hyperuniform Photonic Materials: introduction to the special issue","authors":"Luca Dal Negro, Hui Cao, Marcel Filoche, Sebastian A. Schulz, Silvia Vignolini, and Diederik S. Wiersma","doi":"10.1364/ome.527426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/ome.527426","url":null,"abstract":"The editors introduce the feature issue on “Beyond Order: Random, Aperiodic, and Hyperuniform Photonic Materials,” which includes nine articles.","PeriodicalId":19548,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials Express","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140615295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Wavelength and polarisation dependence of pump-induced loss in Ti:sapphire","authors":"Niall Simpson, Martin Lee, Alan J. Kemp","doi":"10.1364/ome.511506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/ome.511506","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19548,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials Express","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140700214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kota Yamasaki, Masaki Ozawa, Ryohei Hatsuoka, T. Matsuyama, K. Wada, K. Okamoto
{"title":"Effect of Thermal Annealing on Surface Plasmon Properties of Gold and Silver Nanodisk Structures Fabricated by Electron Beam Lithography","authors":"Kota Yamasaki, Masaki Ozawa, Ryohei Hatsuoka, T. Matsuyama, K. Wada, K. Okamoto","doi":"10.1364/ome.521588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/ome.521588","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19548,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials Express","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140708864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tamal Roy, Peter T. Brown, Douglas P. Shepherd, and Lisa V. Poulikakos
Structured illumination microscopy (SIM) achieves superresolution in fluorescence imaging through patterned illumination and computational image reconstruction, yet current methods require bulky, costly modulation optics and high-precision optical alignment, thus hindering the widespread implementation of SIM. To address this challenge, this work demonstrates how nano-optical metasurfaces, rationally designed to tailor the far-field optical wavefront at sub-wavelength dimensions, hold great potential as ultrathin, single-surface, all-optical wavefront modulators for SIM. We computationally demonstrate this principle with a multipolar-resonant metasurface composed of silicon nanostructures that generate versatile optical wavefronts in the far field upon variation of the polarization or angle of incident light. Algorithmic optimization is performed to identify the seven most suitable illumination patterns for SIM generated by the metasurface based on three key criteria. We quantitatively demonstrate that multipolar-resonant metasurface SIM (mrm-SIM) achieves resolution gain that is comparable to conventional methods by applying the seven optimal metasurface-generated wavefronts to simulated fluorescent objects and reconstructing the objects using proximal gradient descent. Notably, we show that mrm-SIM achieves these resolution gains with a far-field illumination pattern that circumvents complex equipment and alignment requirements of comparable methodologies. The work presented here paves the way for a metasurface-enabled experimental simplification of structured illumination microscopy.
{"title":"Spatial wavefront shaping with a multipolar-resonant metasurface for structured illumination microscopy [Invited]","authors":"Tamal Roy, Peter T. Brown, Douglas P. Shepherd, and Lisa V. Poulikakos","doi":"10.1364/ome.520736","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/ome.520736","url":null,"abstract":"Structured illumination microscopy (SIM) achieves superresolution in fluorescence imaging through patterned illumination and computational image reconstruction, yet current methods require bulky, costly modulation optics and high-precision optical alignment, thus hindering the widespread implementation of SIM. To address this challenge, this work demonstrates how nano-optical metasurfaces, rationally designed to tailor the far-field optical wavefront at sub-wavelength dimensions, hold great potential as ultrathin, single-surface, all-optical wavefront modulators for SIM. We computationally demonstrate this principle with a multipolar-resonant metasurface composed of silicon nanostructures that generate versatile optical wavefronts in the far field upon variation of the polarization or angle of incident light. Algorithmic optimization is performed to identify the seven most suitable illumination patterns for SIM generated by the metasurface based on three key criteria. We quantitatively demonstrate that multipolar-resonant metasurface SIM (mrm-SIM) achieves resolution gain that is comparable to conventional methods by applying the seven optimal metasurface-generated wavefronts to simulated fluorescent objects and reconstructing the objects using proximal gradient descent. Notably, we show that mrm-SIM achieves these resolution gains with a far-field illumination pattern that circumvents complex equipment and alignment requirements of comparable methodologies. The work presented here paves the way for a metasurface-enabled experimental simplification of structured illumination microscopy.","PeriodicalId":19548,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials Express","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140591719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hao-Jung Chang, Natalia Munera, Cesar Lopez-Zelaya, Debasmita Banerjee, Guy Beadie, Eric W. Van Stryland, and David J. Hagan
There is growing interest in the refractive index of liquids beyond the visible and into the short-wave infrared (SWIR) for applications such as the study of liquid-core fibers and supercontinuum generation. However, most of the data reported are in the visible. For liquids with a wide transmission window in the SWIR region, refractive index data are sparse. We present a Rayleigh interferometry-based refractometer to characterize the refractive index relative to standard materials at seven different wavelengths (543.4, 632.8, 780, 973, 1064, 1550, and 1970 nm) at a temperature of ~ 21.3 ± 0.6 °C. We also show Sellmeier fits using our results juxtaposed with previously published data. Our data extends previous work to the SWIR.
{"title":"Refractive index measurements of liquids from 0.5 to 2 µm using Rayleigh interferometry","authors":"Hao-Jung Chang, Natalia Munera, Cesar Lopez-Zelaya, Debasmita Banerjee, Guy Beadie, Eric W. Van Stryland, and David J. Hagan","doi":"10.1364/ome.519907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/ome.519907","url":null,"abstract":"There is growing interest in the refractive index of liquids beyond the visible and into the short-wave infrared (SWIR) for applications such as the study of liquid-core fibers and supercontinuum generation. However, most of the data reported are in the visible. For liquids with a wide transmission window in the SWIR region, refractive index data are sparse. We present a Rayleigh interferometry-based refractometer to characterize the refractive index relative to standard materials at seven different wavelengths (543.4, 632.8, 780, 973, 1064, 1550, and 1970 nm) at a temperature of ~ 21.3 ± 0.6 °C. We also show Sellmeier fits using our results juxtaposed with previously published data. Our data extends previous work to the SWIR.","PeriodicalId":19548,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials Express","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140591614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bin Wang, Xuezhe Yu, Yugang Zeng, Weijie Gao, Wei Chen, Haoyu Shen, Kedi Ma, Hongxiao Li, Zizhuo Liu, Hui Su, Li Qin, Yongqiang Ning, and Lijun Wang
We address and correct errors identified in our previously published article [Opt. Mater. Express 14, 1074 (2024) [CrossRef] ]. The corrections necessitate modifications to the text of the original paper, leading to its rephrasing for clarity and accuracy.
{"title":"InAs quantum dots with a narrow photoluminescence linewidth for a lower threshold current density in 1.55 µm lasers: erratum","authors":"Bin Wang, Xuezhe Yu, Yugang Zeng, Weijie Gao, Wei Chen, Haoyu Shen, Kedi Ma, Hongxiao Li, Zizhuo Liu, Hui Su, Li Qin, Yongqiang Ning, and Lijun Wang","doi":"10.1364/ome.525259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/ome.525259","url":null,"abstract":"We address and correct errors identified in our previously published article [Opt. Mater. Express <b>14</b>, 1074 (2024) [CrossRef] <span aria-hidden=\"true\"> </span>]. The corrections necessitate modifications to the text of the original paper, leading to its rephrasing for clarity and accuracy.","PeriodicalId":19548,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials Express","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140591617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Quasi-bound state in the continuum in a dielectric double-gap split-ring metasurface structure with large split angles","authors":"Zian Huang, Rong He, Cheng Chen, Xisaina Tang, Liang-Yao Chen, Junpeng Guo","doi":"10.1364/ome.522131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/ome.522131","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19548,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials Express","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140728508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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